CN114342769A - Big-seedling transplanting method for Quercus rubra in North America - Google Patents
Big-seedling transplanting method for Quercus rubra in North America Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a big-seedling transplanting method for Quercus rubra in North America, which comprises the following steps: s1, watering 1-2 days before transplanting, and keeping tree roots moist; s2, excavating soil balls by taking the trunk as a circle center; s3, pruning the soil balls, and spraying a microbial preparation; s4, wrapping soil balls; s5, spraying a transpiration inhibitor to the trunk and the crown; s6, lifting the tree, placing the wrapped soil balls into pre-dug pits, burying the crushed soil, and supporting the trunk with a vertical frame after irrigation. Spraying specific microbial preparation to make the root system of the seedling produce bacterial resistance, promote rooting and raise survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tree transplanting, in particular to a big-seedling transplanting method for Quercus rubra in North America.
Background
The Quercus salicina has a large tree body, a symmetrical crown, dense branches and leaves, beautiful leaves, colorful colors and long red leaf period, leaves still lodge the branches in autumn and winter, and the ornamental effect is good, so that the Quercus salicina is mainly used for planting landscape trees; also is a good species of street trees and shade trees, and is planted in places such as grasslands, parks, golf courses and the like. The urban pollution resistance is strong. The material is firm, the texture is compact and beautiful, the wood is a good wood material, the rare furniture can be manufactured, and the wood is used as a tree species for building a special economic forest by combining roads, barren mountain greening and ecological environment forest construction. Is particularly suitable for large-area cultivation. The method is used for urban greening, has ecological value and can be used for ground restoration.
In order to achieve the greening effect of early formation and instant appearance by transplanting in cities, large trees are often used for landscaping and large seedling transplanting. However, because the big seedlings are sensitive to the change of the environment, the big seedling transplanting technology has high requirement and difficulty, the seedlings are easy to die, the survival rate is low, and great economic loss is caused. In the transplanting process of the big seedlings, if the moisture preservation of the seedlings is paid attention to, the growth of new roots is promoted, the problems of prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of the seedlings are improved, the seedlings can be quickly adapted to new environments, and the transplanting survival rate of the big trees is scientifically and effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a big seedling transplanting method for quercus rubra, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art and can improve the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a big-seedling transplanting method for Quercus rubra in North America comprises the following steps:
s1, watering 1-2 days before transplanting, and keeping tree roots moist;
s2, excavating soil balls by taking the trunk as a circle center;
s3, pruning the soil balls, and spraying a microbial preparation;
s4, wrapping soil balls;
s5, spraying a transpiration inhibitor to the trunk and the crown;
s6, lifting the tree, placing the wrapped soil balls into pre-dug pits, burying the crushed soil, and supporting the trunk with a vertical frame after irrigation.
As a further scheme of the invention: in step S2, the diameter of the soil ball is 7-9 times of the diameter at breast height of the nursery stock.
As a further scheme of the invention: step S4 specifically includes: wrapping the soil ball with hemp sheets, and fixing the soil ball with a metal net.
As a further scheme of the invention: in step S3, the microbial preparation is prepared from paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation broth, streptomycete fermentation broth, candida fermentation broth, sodium naphthaleneacetate, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate according to a ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1: 1, the microbial preparation can play a good role in resisting bacteria and promoting growth, and can prevent harmful fungi such as adelomycetes, fusarium, flagellates, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and zygomycetes from invading the root of a seedling.
As a further scheme of the invention: in step S6, the transplanting pits are preprocessed 7-8d before transplanting:
irrigating the pit with big water, and spraying disinfectant for disinfection; the disinfectant adopts 30% of 200-fold liquid of 30% of wettable powder of rhizofurazoline or 500-fold liquid of 50% of wettable powder of carbendazim;
and then 6-8 kg of base fertilizer is applied in the transplanting pit.
As a further scheme of the invention: in step S6, the digging area of the pit is 1.5-1.6 times of the soil ball; the irrigation liquid contains rooting powder.
As a further scheme of the invention: the aperture of the metal net is 5-7 cm.
As a further scheme of the invention: further comprising S7: applying nitrogen fertilizer every autumn after the seedlings sprout and sprout with the young shoot length of 250 px; and after the growth of the autumn tips stops, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.
As a further scheme of the invention: the nitrogen fertilizer is 5-10% of urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
before transplanting, the seedlings are respectively subjected to water retention treatment and pit disinfection treatment, so that the water loss of the seedlings can be reduced, meanwhile, the invasion of plant diseases and insect pests in soil to the seedlings is reduced, and the survival rate of seedling planting is improved.
After the soil balls are trimmed and wrapped by the hemp sheets, the roots of the soil balls are fixed by the metal net, and the wrapping layer does not need to be removed in subsequent transplanting. The aperture of the metal net is 5-7cm, and the growing root system can penetrate through the aperture of the metal net and go deep into the ground, thereby playing a role in assisting and guiding the growth of the root system. In addition, the metal mesh plays a fixed role in soil near the root system, so that soil loss caused by irrigation, heavy rain and other sudden environments after transplanting is prevented, the growth of the root system is facilitated, and the survival rate is increased.
The paenibacillus polymyxa, the streptomyces and the candida form a good microbial system in the sodium naphthalene acetate and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and are mutually synergistic without antagonism. The peptides produced by the Paenibacillus polymyxa can antagonize bacteria and fungi and have wide antibacterial action, the antibacterial proteins of the Paenibacillus polymyxa mainly comprise hydrolytic enzymes including polysaccharide hydrolase and proteolytic enzyme, and the antibacterial proteins can degrade beta-1, 3 or beta-l, 4-glucanase analogues of glucan on cell walls of gram-positive bacteria; in addition, the Paenibacillus polymyxa also has good phosphorus dissolving and potassium dissolving capabilities, promotes the decomposition of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, promotes the absorption of phosphorus elements and potassium elements in soil in the early growth stage of seedlings, improves photosynthesis, and increases the survival rate of the big Quercus salicina seedlings. The microbial preparation has moderate concentration, can provide rich plant nutrition, promote plant photosynthesis, regulate growth, promote rooting and sprouting, enhance the drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance, salt and alkali resistance and dry and hot air resistance of plants, enhance the absorption and utilization of mineral nutrition of the plants, promote plant growth and inhibit rhizosphere bacteria of other harmful microorganisms. Is a high-efficiency and low-toxicity plant growth conditioner.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the specific embodiments illustrated. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
A big-seedling transplanting method for Quercus rubra in North America comprises the following steps:
and S1, selecting the middle and last ten days of 3 months for transplanting. The air temperature rises in spring, the Quercus rubra enters the growing season quickly, the wound healing, the new root growth and the new bud generation are facilitated, the growth condition of the Quercus rubra is observed, the problem is found in time, and the remedial measures are taken conveniently. Watering 1-2 days before transplanting to reduce water loss of the nursery stock;
s2, excavating soil balls by taking the trunk as a circle center; the diameter of the seedling-lifting soil ball is 7-9 times of the breast diameter of the seedling,
s3, pruning thick roots, rotten roots and dead roots when the soil ball is bottomed, uniformly spraying a microbial preparation on the surface of the soil ball after pruning and forming, and spraying 20-30ml of the microbial preparation on each plant to promote the growth of new roots after seedling transplantation; the microbial preparation is prepared from paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation liquor, streptomycete fermentation liquor, candida fermentation liquor, sodium naphthalene acetate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate according to the ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1: 1, and configuring the composition. The Paenibacillus polymyxa is specifically Paenibacillus polymyxa (Paenibacillus polymyxa) ATCC No. 050502025; the Streptomyces is specifically Streptomyces (Streptomyces globisporus) ATCC No. 21903; the Candida is specifically Candida utilis (Candida utilis) ATCC No. 22023.
The preparation method of the compound microbial preparation comprises the following steps: firstly, the Paenibacillus polymyxa, the streptomycete and the candida are activated and cultured until the number of viable bacteria reaches 108Mixing the fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio, and adding sodium naphthalene acetate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate according to the ratio to obtain the product.
S4, wrapping soil balls: wrapping a layer of hemp leaves, wrapping a layer of metal net with the aperture of 5-7cm on the periphery of the hemp leaves, and protecting the root system of the nursery stock by the metal net to prevent the soil from scattering, and meanwhile, the root system growth is not influenced, and the nursery stock is not required to be dismantled when being transplanted to a pit;
s5, spraying a transpiration inhibitor to the trunk and the crown to reduce the water loss of the trunk of the Quercus rubra; the type of the agent for inhibiting transpiration is not limited, but the agent for inhibiting transpiration of the Sengtimei trees is selected in the embodiment, and the agent is sprayed on the whole tree after being diluted by 800-fold water and sprayed to the extent that no water is dropped.
S6, lifting trees, adjusting the planting position of the main ornamental surface direction, taking care of the sunny surface, planting soil balls which are 100 mm higher than the ground and 150mm higher than the sunny surface, planting and righting the trees during planting, enabling the main tip and the root of the crown to be on a vertical line, returning soil in layers, and gradually tamping; after the pits are filled up, water containing rooting powder is immediately poured, and the tree trunk is supported by a vertical frame to help the growth of new roots.
The transplanting pits are pretreated as follows:
firstly, digging a pit, wherein the area of the pit is 1.5-1.6 times of the size of the wrapped soil ball. Then, irrigating the pit with big water 7-8 days before transplanting the nursery stock, and spraying a disinfectant for disinfection; the disinfectant adopts 30% of 200-fold liquid of 30% of wettable powder of rhizofurazoline or 500-fold liquid of 50% of wettable powder of carbendazim; and finally, applying 6-8 kg of high-temperature decomposed or fermented organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer in the transplanting pit.
S7, sprouting and young shoot length is about 250px, long shoot topdressing is carried out once in autumn, nitrogen fertilizer is taken as the main material, each plant is treated with 100 grams of fertilizer and 150 grams of fertilizer each time, and the fertilizer is prepared into aqueous solution for irrigation or 5-10% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate for extra-root topdressing, so that the growth of the cardiac shoot is promoted. After the growth of the autumn shoots is stopped, top application is carried out once, and phosphorus and potassium are taken as main materials.
Furthermore, the nursery stock needs to be killed regularly after survival, and the main insect pest of the Quercus rubra Quercus salicina is chestnut weevil. Spraying 2500 times of 25 g/rising cyhalothrin missible oil solution, or 6000 times of 3% abamectin missible oil solution, or 1000 times of 90% cartap wettable powder solution or 800 times of 50% phoxim missible oil solution on the tree crown, and spraying the ground under the tree crown with water to kill the pseudodead weevils falling into the ground; and artificial trapping and killing are adopted in the peak period of adult emergence. Vibrating the trunk in the adult full-growth period, and carrying the lower part of the trunk by using a thin film and then burning the trunk in a concentrated manner; the gluing method comprises decocting tung oil with fire to obtain paste, spreading on the base of trunk with width of about 10cm, and gluing the weevil when it is applied on the trunk, wherein the effective period of the application is 2 months.
The influence of the compound microbial preparation on the transplanting survival rate of the Quercus rubra in North America is as follows: two groups of 50 plants are set, the test group is transplanted by adopting the method, compared with the test group, the control group is not sprayed with microbial agents, the rest steps are the same as the test group, the survival rate of the Quercus rubra is counted, and the statistical result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Name of breed | Number of dead plants in test group | Survival rate of experiment | Number of dead plants in control group | Contrast survival rate |
| Quercus rubra (Quercus robur) Kuntze | 1 | 98％ | 11 | 78％ |
According to test results, the survival rate of a control group which does not use the microbial preparation is generally not high as that of a test plot, and the seedling is slowly slowed down; the compound microbial preparation used in the invention is simple to prepare, and can obviously improve the survival rate of arbors, shorten the seedling revival period and keep the vigor of strong seedlings.
Any range recited herein is intended to include the endpoints and any number between the endpoints and any subrange subsumed therein or defined therein.
Although the present description is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should be able to integrate the description as a whole, and the embodiments can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Therefore, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application; all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (9)
1. A big-seedling transplanting method for Quercus rubra in North America is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, watering 1-2 days before transplanting, and keeping tree roots moist;
s2, excavating soil balls by taking the trunk as a circle center;
s3, pruning the soil balls, and spraying a microbial preparation;
s4, wrapping soil balls;
s5, spraying a transpiration inhibitor to the trunk and the crown;
s6, lifting the tree, placing the wrapped soil balls into pre-dug pits, burying the crushed soil, and supporting the trunk with a vertical frame after irrigation.
2. The method for transplanting big seedlings of quercus rubra in north america according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the soil ball diameter is 7-9 times the breast diameter of the nursery stock.
3. The method for transplanting big seedlings of quercus rubra in north america according to claim 1, wherein step S4 specifically comprises: wrapping the soil ball with hemp sheets, and fixing the soil ball with a metal net.
4. The method for transplanting big seedlings of quercus rubra as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the microbial preparation is prepared from paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation broth, streptomycete fermentation broth, candida fermentation broth, sodium naphthalene acetate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate according to a ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1: 1, and configuring the composition.
5. The method for transplanting big seedlings of quercus rubra in north america according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the transplanting pits are pretreated 7-8d before transplanting:
irrigating the pit with big water, and spraying disinfectant for disinfection; the disinfectant adopts 30% of 200-fold liquid of 30% of wettable powder of rhizofurazoline or 500-fold liquid of 50% of wettable powder of carbendazim;
and then 6-8 kg of base fertilizer is applied in the transplanting pit.
6. The method for transplanting big seedlings of quercus rubra in north america according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the excavation area of the pit is 1.5 to 1.6 times that of the earth ball; the irrigation liquid contains rooting powder.
7. The method for transplanting big seedlings of Quercus salicina in claim 3, wherein the diameter of the hole of the metal net is 5-7 cm.
8. The method for transplanting big seedlings of quercus rubra in north america according to claim 1, further comprising S7: applying nitrogen fertilizer every autumn after the seedlings sprout and sprout with the young shoot length of 250 px; and after the growth of the autumn tips stops, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.
9. The method for transplanting large seedlings of quercus rubra as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is 5-10% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water.
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