CN103907470B - The quick cultivating method of santal - Google Patents
The quick cultivating method of santal Download PDFInfo
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- CN103907470B CN103907470B CN201410165098.6A CN201410165098A CN103907470B CN 103907470 B CN103907470 B CN 103907470B CN 201410165098 A CN201410165098 A CN 201410165098A CN 103907470 B CN103907470 B CN 103907470B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fertilizer by applying formulated on the blade face of santal, the quick cultivating method of the santal of 5 meters high can be grown into after making santal field planting after full 5-5.5, comprise seed treatment, sowing, seedling management, plantation measures, planting site arrange, plant, host plant is selected, fertilising, weeding are loosened the soil, soil application, pruning and damage by disease and insect treat, after seed broadcasting, wherein cover the wet sand that 0.5-1cm is thick, water 1 hours is executed in spraying again, need to water sufficient normal root water after transplant planting, water sufficient normal root water morning next day again, there is when applying fertilizer root fertilising and foliar application, each root fertilising foliar application again after about a week, root fertilising adopts known conventional method, foliar application is the main fertilizer of 30000:40:1 by weight ratio, brown sugar and ripener mixing, main fertilizer is the sheep excrement of 2:1:0.2:2.5 by weight ratio, sika deer ight soil, yeast and distiller's yeast mix and within about 21 days, are prepared from 22-28 DEG C of temperature bottom fermentation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant cultivation method, be specifically related to a kind of quick cultivating method of santal.
Background technology
Almug, have another name called santal, it is a kind of ancient, mysterious rare tree species, semiparasite aiphyllium, it is distinguished is fibrous root is had thousands upon thousands " suckers ", these " suckers " are adsorbed on host plant tightly, rob moisture, mineral salt and other nutriments from their theres.Although the root system of almug also draws a small amount of nutrition from soil, mainly still practise usury the nutrition of host plant by predation and survive.Almug originates in India, Indonesia and Malaysia, there are very high medical value and economic worth, its trunk heartwood contains abundant volatile oil, it is famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine, mainly contain effect of warming middle-JIAO for easing the stomach, analgesic hemostatic, on medical industry, purposes widely, and meanwhile, santal is also the valuable raw material during daily chemicals is produced; Therefore, widely popularize santal plantation to have great significance.
Existing santal mainly adopts seminal propagation, cultivating seedlings and transplanting method, in 9 ~ November, plucks grain large, full, mauve mellow fruit implementation kind, washes away pericarp immediately after adopting back with clear water, with (50 ~ 100) × 10 after seed dries in the shade
-6gibberellin seed soaking 24h then sand hides vernalization, and treat spring next year, when temperature gos up, sowing, can promote seed sprouting; When true leaf appears in seedling, seedling must being transplanted respectively in planting field planting in 3 ~ April in the basin having parasitic plant in advance, opening cave by distance between rows and hills 4mX4m or 5m × 5m, footpath, cave 60cm, the dark 50cm in cave, decomposed manure of often spreading manuer in holes, mass of soil is with to plant in cave together with host seedling during field planting, earthing compacting; Finally carry out tending management, damage by disease and insect treats.But, the almug of existing cultivation, its growth rate is extremely slow, and taking 7-8 just can grow into 5 meters high usually; Therefore, a kind of Sandalwood cultivation method accelerating santal growth rate is studied significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide one and can accelerate santal growth rate, make santal grow the quick cultivating method of the santal become a useful person fast.
To achieve these goals, solution of the present invention is such:
The quick cultivating method of santal, comprise nursery step, transplant step and field management step, this nursery step comprises seed treatment, sowing and seedling management, this transplant step comprises plantation measures, planting site arranges, plant and host plant is selected, and this field management step comprises fertilising, weeding is loosened the soil, soil application, pruning and damage by disease and insect are treated;
The concrete grammar of described sowing step is: by the seed drilling after seed treatment step or broadcast sowing thereon sowing have on the husky bed of host plant, thickness of sowing be 80-100 grain/square metre, after planting cover the thick wet sand of 0.5-1cm, after covering, water 1 hours is executed in spraying;
The concrete grammar of described step of planting is: be 40-60% in humidity, temperature is field planting under the environment of 20-30 DEG C, is planted in the planting location of santal by sandalwood seedling during field planting together with the host plant band mass of soil on husky bed, more real by soil pressure, water sufficient normal root water after compacting, water sufficient normal root water morning next day again; Meanwhile, should the surrounding plantation shrub of each santal planting location or renascent herb class host plant before and after field planting, field planting arbor class host plant between two santal planting locations;
Described fertilising step comprises root fertilising and foliar application, foliar application again in about one week after each root fertilising, the fertilising of this root adopts known conventional method, the foliar fertilizer that this foliar application adopts by weight ratio be the main fertilizer of 30000:40:1, brown sugar and ripener mix, this main fertilizer by weight ratio be the sheep excrement of 2:1:0.2:2.5, sika deer ight soil, yeast and distiller's yeast mix and within about 21 days, be prepared from 22-28 DEG C of temperature bottom fermentation;
The concrete fertilizing method of described foliar application is: diluted in the ratio that the weight ratio of foliar fertilizer and water is 1:20 by above-mentioned foliar fertilizer, spray with the consumption of the fertilizer spray 30-40 young plant after this dilution of 15kg.
Described method for treating seeds is: extract santal seed, dry, be dipped in the gibberellin aqueous solution of 50-100 mg/litre after drying, soaking temperature is 40-50 DEG C, and soak time is 4-5 hour, or soaking temperature is 20-28 DEG C, soak time is 20-24 hour, dries for subsequent use after immersion.
Described method for treating seeds is: extract santal seed, dry, refrigerating chamber refrigeration is put into 2-3 month after drying, refrigerated storage temperature is-5 ± 2 DEG C, is dipped in the gibberellin aqueous solution of 50-100 mg/litre after refrigeration, and soaking temperature is 40-50 DEG C, soak time is 4-5 hour, or soaking temperature is 20-28 DEG C, and soak time is 20-24 hour, dries for subsequent use after immersion.
After adopting such scheme, the quick cultivating method of santal of the present invention, by applying the fertilizer of formulated on the blade face of santal, accelerate santal to grow up, can grow into 5 meters high after full 5-5.5 after making santal field planting, meanwhile, the fertilizer that santal blade face sprays all adopts the Nonpoisonous, non-environmental-pollution raw materials such as sheep excrement, sika deer ight soil, yeast, distiller's yeast, brown sugar, ripener to make, make the residue of pesticide of santal leaf lower, thus make utilizing of santal leaf safer.
Embodiment
The quick cultivating method of santal of the present invention, comprise nursery step, transplant step and field management step, this nursery step comprises seed treatment, sowing and seedling management, this transplant step comprises plantation measures, planting site arranges, host plant is selected and plants, this field management step comprises fertilising, weeding is loosened the soil, soil application, pruning and damage by disease and insect treatment, wherein seedling management, plantation measures, planting site arrange, host plant plantation, weeding loosens the soil, pruning, damage by disease and insect are treated these steps and adopted known conventional method; Specific as follows:
Seed treatment: in the southern 10-11 month, pluck large, full, the mauve santal fruit of grain and extract santal seed, dry, be dipped in the gibberellin aqueous solution of 50-100 mg/litre after drying, soaking temperature is 40-50 DEG C, soak time is 4-5 hour, or soaking temperature is 20-28 DEG C, and soak time is 20-24 hour, breaks seed dormancy, promote seed sprouting, dry for subsequent use after immersion.The seed processed in this way, its bud ratio can reach about 70%.
Sowing: at humidity 40-60%, under the environment of temperature 20-28 DEG C (in the southern area 10-11 month) by the seed drilling after seed treatment step or broadcast sowing thereon sowing have on the husky bed of host plant, thickness of sowing be 80-100 grain/square metre, cover the wet sand that 0.5-1cm is thick after sowing, after covering, on wet husky surface, execute water 1 hours by the spraying of conventional sprayer unit.
Seedling management: management work such as regularly carrying out weeding to husky bed, loosen the soil, topdress, if timely after-culture is wanted in the host plant death simultaneously between nursery stage on husky bed, host plant crosses prosperous also will pruning, in order to avoid affect santal growth.
Plantation measures: select average temperature of the whole year > 21 DEG C, the coldest monthly mean temperature > 13 DEG C, extreme low temperature >-4 DEG C, without the heavy frost phase, soil layer is deep, draining is good, and it is ventilative that the soil is porous, is rich in the nutritive elements such as iron, phosphorus, potassium, the red loam of pH value between 5-6, and physical features on the sunny side, open fluctuating, has the mountain region of certain slope to be good; Simultaneously yellow earth, sandy also should to plant, but the marshland of soil property overfertilization, impeded drainage, and waterlogged rough sand soil, subterranean water level within 1M or rainy season ponding place all should not plant.
Planting site arranges: winter of the previous year of planting to dig arrangement to planting site, make the abundant weathering of soil, eliminate part insect, and open up wasteland kind of a plant hole in period in the Spring Equinox then of planting, cave is opened by the specification of seeding row spacing 4mX4m, 4m × 3m or 3mX3m, the specification in each cave is 60cm × 60cm × 50cm, and cave to be executed 50-100kg and burnt soil or organic miscellaneous fertilizers (this organic miscellaneous fertilizers returned by 3kg farmyard manure, 0.5kg superphosphate, composite fertilizer of 150g Norway and 4kg cave is native to be mixed) of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed as base manure in every cave after opening up wasteland.
Plant: be 40-60% in humidity, temperature is field planting under the environment of 20-30 DEG C, during field planting, sandalwood seedling is planted in the kind plant hole of santal together with the host plant band mass of soil on husky bed, and in kind of plant hole, execute the Furadan of 50-100g, for preventing and treating soil insect, more real by soil pressure, water sufficient normal root water after compacting, make water be seeped at the bottom of cave, water sufficient normal root water morning next day again; Simultaneously, should the surrounding plantation shrub of each plant hole or renascent herb class host plant before and after planting, field planting arbor class host plant between two kinds of plant holes, sandalwood seedling is except low temperature, except dry season, other season all can field planting, with rainy season (southern weather 3, April) for good, be no more than the June of southern weather at the latest, preferably select overcast and rainy plantation, its transplanting survival rate is higher; If timely after-culture is wanted in host plant death during cultivating, host plant crosses prosperous also will pruning, in order to avoid affect santal growth.
Host plant is selected: selection adaptation is strong, has fixed nitrogen function, shallow root, well developed root system, germination is strong, the vegetation of resistance to pruning, shrub and arbor etc., the configuration of host plant should be considered from the growth of aboveground space and underground root system comprehensively, builds the ecotope of an applicable santal growth.Host plant can be divided into long-term and short-term two kinds, long-term host plant is based on arbor, as the bush, the fruit of glossy privet, bigleafbeautyberry root or leaf etc. of medicinal material plant, the longan, Calusena lansium, fig etc. of fruit plant, the acacia confusa, Acacia mangiumwilld, horsetail beefwood etc. of economic class seeds; Short-term host plant is shrub and vegetation mainly, as bluet, false wormwood artemisia, mountain green soy bean, seedling moss etc.For making full use of land resources, select host plant should take into full account economic well-being of workers and staff, i.e. fruit tree (as longan), high-quality timber (as rosewood), traditional Chinese medicine (as devilpepper, vomiting nut) etc.
Fertilising: annual fertilising 2-3 time, best fertilization time is lunar calendar March, May and August, fertilising comprises root fertilising and foliar application, within about one week, a foliar application is carried out again after each root fertilising, the fertilising of this root adopts known conventional method, as spring and summer uses quick-acting fertilizer as ammonium sulfate, urea or Norway's compound, autumn and winter organic fertilizer is fertile with the mix of superphosphate phase mix, the foliar fertilizer that this foliar application adopts is the main fertilizer of 30000:40:1 by weight ratio, brown sugar and ripener mix, for the main fertilizer of 15kg, the main fertilizer of 15kg, 20g brown sugar mixes mutually can prepare foliar fertilizer with the ripener of 0.5g, and this main fertilizer is the sheep excrement of 2:1:0.2:2.5 by weight ratio, sika deer ight soil, yeast and distiller's yeast mix and within about 21 days, are prepared from 22-28 DEG C of temperature bottom fermentation, composition containing vinegar in main fertilizer after fermentation, the object of kill pests can be played during fertilising simultaneously,
The concrete fertilizing method of described foliage fertilizer is: diluted in the ratio that the weight ratio of foliar fertilizer and water is 1:20 by foliar fertilizer, sprays with the consumption of the fertilizer spray 30-40 young plant after this dilution of 15kg.
Weeding is loosened the soil, soil application: annual weeding, loosen the soil 2-3 time; Meanwhile, fertile soil, host plant growth is luxuriant can Shaoshi or do not apply fertilizer; Soil is thinner, and host plant undergrowth can suitably apply fertilizer, and executes liquid manure during dry season, opens shallow ridges after the rain and spread fertilizer over the fields chemical fertilizer during rainy season.
Pruning: during treating that santal is in seedling, and host post the concealment area of thing to santal seedling excessive time need prune in time host plant, make ventilation and penetrating light in woods, if the concealment of santal seedling too conference affect the growth of santal seedling, and easily there is damage by disease and insect; At santal growing period, should suitably prune santal side shoot, can make trunk straight and upright, increase thick, improve heartwood output, also can resist windburn.
Damage by disease and insect is treated: in summer, when soil drainage is bad, if should spray at the bordeaux mixture of premorbid 0.25-0.5% when seedling is obtained damping off by Infection By Rhizoctonia Solani, or water with the lime aqueous solution of 1-2% and execute, spray with topsin wetting powder between period of disease;
If seedling, earsh and large tree time there is root rot time, their early stage can with Tuzet wetting powder 500-800 times of liquid of 5%, or 50% topsin 800-1000 times liquid, or 70% Dexon powder 500 times sprays and prevents and treats;
When during cultivating, if santal leaf is gnawed by class horse worm can manual catching and killing larva, ovum, pupa, and use 90% trichlorfon technical, 800 times of liquid or 80% enemy enemy missible oil 1000-1500 times of liquid to spray;
If santal blade spray is eaten by trunk insect bite during cultivating, can manual catching and killing or spray with 50% acephatemet, 800 times of liquid when causing branch withered dead.
In addition, also have two spotted spider mite, looper, digramma brauni porthesia similis (fues.), leaf roller, assist the insects such as psychid, locust, Babylonia, mole cricket, chafer, black cutworm to cause harm in vain, grower can select corresponding liquid to murder according to concrete insect.
The quick cultivating method of santal of the present invention, by applying the fertilizer of formulated on the blade face of santal, 5 meters high can be grown into after full 5-5.5 after making santal field planting, simultaneously, the fertilizer that santal blade face sprays all adopts the Nonpoisonous, non-environmental-pollution raw materials such as sheep excrement, sika deer ight soil, yeast, distiller's yeast, brown sugar, ripener to make, make the residue of pesticide of santal leaf lower, thus make utilizing of santal leaf safer.
In the present invention, described method for treating seeds also can be: extract santal seed, dry, refrigerating chamber refrigeration is put into 2-3 month after drying, refrigerated storage temperature is-5 ± 2 DEG C, allows seed dormancy, is dipped in the gibberellin aqueous solution of 50-100 mg/litre after refrigeration, soaking temperature is 40-50 DEG C, soak time is 4-5 hour, or soaking temperature is 20-28 DEG C, and soak time is 20-24 hour, breaking dormancy, dries for subsequent use after immersion; This method for treating seeds, by improving seed germination rate to the refrigeration of seed, makes bud ratio reach 97-98%.
Claims (3)
1. the quick cultivating method of santal, comprise nursery step, transplant step and field management step, this nursery step comprises seed treatment, sowing and seedling management, this transplant step comprises plantation measures, planting site arranges, plant and host plant is selected, and this field management step comprises fertilising, weeding is loosened the soil, pruning and damage by disease and insect are treated; It is characterized in that:
The concrete grammar of described sowing step is: by the seed drilling after seed treatment step or broadcast sowing thereon sowing have on the husky bed of host plant, thickness of sowing be 80-100 grain/square metre, after planting cover the thick wet sand of 0.5-1cm, after covering, water 1 hours is executed in spraying;
The concrete grammar of described step of planting is: be 40-60% in humidity, temperature is field planting under the environment of 20-30 DEG C, is planted in the planting location of santal by sandalwood seedling during field planting together with the host plant band mass of soil on husky bed, more real by soil pressure, water sufficient normal root water after compacting, water sufficient normal root water morning next day again; Meanwhile, should the surrounding plantation shrub of each santal planting location or renascent herb class host plant before and after field planting, field planting arbor class host plant between two santal planting locations;
Described fertilising step comprises root fertilising and foliar application, foliar application again in about one week after each root fertilising, the fertilising of this root adopts known conventional method, the foliar fertilizer that this foliar application adopts by weight ratio be the main fertilizer of 30000:40:1, brown sugar and ripener mix, this main fertilizer by weight ratio be the sheep excrement of 2:1:0.2:2.5, sika deer ight soil, yeast and distiller's yeast mix and within about 21 days, be prepared from 22-28 DEG C of temperature bottom fermentation;
The concrete fertilizing method of described foliar application is: diluted in the ratio that the weight ratio of foliar fertilizer and water is 1:20 by above-mentioned foliar fertilizer, the consumption spraying 30-40 young plant with the foliar fertilizer after this dilution of 15kg sprays.
2. the quick cultivating method of santal according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described method for treating seeds is: extract santal seed, dry, be dipped in the gibberellin aqueous solution of 50-100 mg/litre after drying, soaking temperature is 40-50 DEG C, and soak time is 4-5 hour, or soaking temperature is 20-28 DEG C, soak time is 20-24 hour, dries for subsequent use after immersion.
3. the quick cultivating method of santal according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described method for treating seeds is: extract santal seed, dry, put into refrigerating chamber refrigeration after drying 2-3 month, refrigerated storage temperature is-5 ± 2 DEG C, be dipped in the gibberellin aqueous solution of 50-100 mg/litre after refrigeration, soaking temperature is 40-50 DEG C, and soak time is 4-5 hour, or soaking temperature is 20-28 DEG C, soak time is 20-24 hour, dries for subsequent use after immersion.
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| CN107006325A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-08-04 | 朱锦生 | A kind of cultural method of promotion santal fast breeding |
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| CN110558127A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-12-13 | 广西大学 | Method for repairing stony desertification vegetation by mixed hybridization of dalbergia odorifera and sappan wood |
| CN111602553B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-08-06 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所试验站 | Planting method for promoting rapid growth of sandalwood by mixed cross of different ages |
| CN113229046B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-03-31 | 哈尔滨市康隆药业有限责任公司 | Method for promoting cultivation survival of cornua cervi pantotrichum in field |
| CN113575257A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-02 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Cultivation method for keeping sandalwood vigorous growth and promoting trunk thickening |
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