CN110226481B

CN110226481B - Simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternata capable of preventing diseases and pests and facilitating harvesting

Info

Publication number: CN110226481B
Application number: CN201910650181.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 游景茂; 唐涛; 郭杰; 郭晓亮; 段媛媛
Original assignee: INSTITUTE OF CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES HUBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: INSTITUTE OF CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES HUBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2019-07-18
Filing date: 2019-07-18
Publication date: 2022-02-22
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-18
Also published as: CN110226481A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and discloses a simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternate which is disease-resistant, insect-resistant and easy to harvest, wherein a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is uniformly sprayed on mugwort straws or corn straws, the mugwort straws or corn straws are covered with the mixture after the mixture is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure and sandy soil, and then the mixture is watered and thoroughly drenched; in the process of harvesting pinellia, the mugwort straws or the corn straws are lifted, and pinellia tubers are harvested. The invention realizes that the moxa stalks are returned to the field, is beneficial to protecting the environment, increases the nutrients in the soil by paving the corn stalks under the pinellia tuber field block, increases the number of soil microorganisms, improves the physical properties of the soil, improves the biological activity of the soil, has certain toughness, fluffy interior, good water permeability and air permeability, is beneficial to reducing the ground humidity, is convenient for the growth of the fibrous roots of the pinellia tuber, reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, can realize the harvesting of the pinellia tuber by only slightly lifting after the moxa stalks or the corn stalks are paved at the bottom, has simple harvesting process and saves working hours.

Description

Simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternata capable of preventing diseases and pests and facilitating harvesting

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a simple cultivation method for pinellia ternate, which is disease-resistant, insect-resistant and easy to harvest.

Background

Currently, the closest prior art:

pinellia ternate (Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.) is a perennial herb of Pinellia genus of Araceae family, and is an important medicinal plant. Has strong adaptability and wide distribution in China. It is warm in nature and pungent in taste, and has effects of relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, lowering adverse qi, relieving vomit, relieving oppression and masses, resolving hard mass, resisting arrhythmia, reducing blood lipid, removing toxic substance, relieving inflammation, and lowering blood pressure. Is a raw material medicine of various Chinese patent medicines and has a long history of medication. The pinellia ternate has a wide application range and good market benefit, the income per mu is close to 3 ten thousand yuan, and the pinellia ternate has important significance for poverty relief and hardness removal work in poverty-stricken areas and construction of beautiful villages.

Mugwort (wormwood) is a common weed in the field and widely distributed in Asia and European regions. The mugwort is also a traditional Chinese medicine which is mainly developed in parts of areas in China, the prevention of pestilence of the mugwort has been in the history of thousands of years, and pharmacological research of modern medicine shows that the mugwort is a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral medicine, has the effects of inhibiting and killing various viruses and bacteria, and has a certain prevention and treatment effect on respiratory diseases. In agriculture, the mugwort extracted raw materials can be used for developing biological pesticides, and researches show that extracting solutions extracted from mugwort with different solvent amounts can kill harmful crop insects such as aphids, lepidoptera larvae, cinnabar leaf dragonflowers and the like, and meanwhile, the extracting solutions have the effect of inhibiting the growth of different fungi and bacteria. The application of the mugwort resource in developing the botanical pesticide has the advantages of low toxicity, high efficiency, high selectivity and less residual safety, is a green pesticide and has very wide development prospect. The main medicinal part of the mugwort is the leaf part, and the mugwort is dried and smashed to obtain mugwort floss which is used for moxibustion and can be used as a raw material of inkpad. But the stems of the plants cannot be reasonably utilized for a long time, and most of the plants are idle and rotten or are burnt as straws, so that the plants are very unfavorable for environmental protection.

With the enlargement of the planting scale of pinellia ternata, the problems of harvesting and diseases of pinellia ternata become stubborn stones for the development of the pinellia ternata industry at present. The main medicinal part of pinellia is tuber, but because its tuber is relatively small and its size is not uniform, most of them are concentrated in 0.5-3cm, and its harvesting is troublesome, and the traditional method mainly uses small digging hoe or small rake to make digging and sorting, and its harvesting speed is very slow, and one person can harvest about 60 square meters in one day, and the harvesting cost of one mu of land is nearly thousand yuan, so that it can reduce the income of growers. In addition, the diseases such as bacterial soft rot (leaf scald), root rot and the like of the pinellia ternata are developed in a large area, the plants can die, the commercial value is completely lost, the prevention and the treatment are difficult at present, due to the lack of reasonable cultivation measures, planters abundantly apply various chemical agents, on one hand, the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is increased, in addition, the environment is polluted, the risk of pesticide residues of the pinellia ternata medicinal material is increased, and the requirements of industrial development and ecological protection on top-down are not met.

Corn is one of the main grain crops in China, the planting area is large, most of corn straws are idle at present, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of burning the corn straws exists in part of corn planting areas, so that the environment is greatly influenced, and the air quality is seriously influenced.

In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:

(1) in the prior art, the residual straw left after the folium artemisiae argyi leaves are harvested is not applied to the pinellia ternate planting process, the value of the folium artemisiae argyi straw is not fully utilized, the bacterial soft rot and the root rot of pinellia ternate cannot be prevented, and the harvesting efficiency of the pinellia ternate cannot be increased.

(2) In the prior art, the tuber of pinellia is easy to damage and break when being dug, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is accelerated, and the quality and the selling phase of the tuber of pinellia are influenced.

(3) In the prior art, a pinellia ternate ecological cultivation method CN107771630A needs to additionally purchase a nylon net as a bulb net, so that environmental pollution is easily caused after abandonment, the antibacterial effect is avoided, meanwhile, the investment of the nylon net in one mu of land is large, the profit of growers is reduced to a certain extent, and the large-area popularization is not facilitated.

(4) In the prior art, a pinellia ternate straw mulching cultivation method CN201510935938.7 emphasizes that field straws are paved on pinellia ternate field blocks, and no research and technical invention is provided for paving straws, particularly Chinese medicinal material moxa straws under pinellia ternate soil in documents and related patents until now. Meanwhile, the straws of both the rice straws and the wheat straws have no sterilizing and insect controlling effect and are easy to rot in the field, but the mugwort straws are relatively thick, have more fiber tissues and are not easy to rot, and the growth cycle of the pinellia ternata in about 7 months is met.

(5) In the prior art, the characteristics of the corn stalks returned to the field are not utilized, the soil cannot form a large amount of water-stable granular structures, the total porosity cannot be increased, the activity of various microorganisms cannot be enhanced, and the pinellia ternate is not beneficial to accelerating the photosynthesis of leaves close to the ground.

(6) In the prior art, CN201510305981.5 is a three-dimensional cultivation method for intercropping pinellia ternate with corn, only emphasizes intercropping with corn and pinellia ternate, provides a hidden environment for pinellia ternate by utilizing the height of corn, does not mention effective utilization of corn straw, and realizes the purpose of simplifying cultivation.

(7) In the prior art, a safe method for comprehensively preventing and treating bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and insect pests of pinellia ternata is lacked. In the method for preventing and treating the diseases and the pests in the CN201210532860.0 pinellia ternate high-efficiency cultivation, the fruit trees and the pinellia ternate are predominantly interplanted to prevent and treat the diseases and the pests, but the technique applies for refuting for various reasons.

The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows:

at present, the serious damage of the diseases and the insect pests of the pinellia ternate and the high difficulty in harvesting are the biggest obstacle problems in the related industrial process of the pinellia ternate, various medicaments are abused and applied for a long time, the environment is polluted, the quality of medicinal materials is reduced, the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and pests is increased, and a proper, effective and green ecological cultivation method cannot be found at present. In addition, a large amount of labor is needed for harvesting pinellia ternate, more than 60 old people in rural areas cannot provide effective labor guarantee, the problems are not favorable for long-term sustainable development of pinellia ternate industry, in addition, the folium artemisiae argyi becomes a traditional Chinese medicine industry which is vigorously developed in many areas of China, but after the leaves are collected, the folium artemisiae argyi stalks are basically abandoned, the commercial value is not achieved, how to reasonably and effectively utilize the folium artemisiae argyi stalks is achieved, and environmental pollution is reduced, and the problem of development of the folium artemisiae argyi industry is also solved.

The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows:

the application of the invention can effectively solve the comprehensive utilization of the mugwort stalks, reduce the environmental pollution caused by the burning of the stalks, and can effectively inhibit various pathogenic fungi and bacteria in the soil and relieve the high problem of pinellia ternate plant diseases and insect pests by utilizing the antibacterial property of the mugwort stalks, and the technology is favorable for reducing the application amount of chemical pesticides and fertilizers and ensuring the yield and quality of the pinellia ternate.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternate, which is disease-resistant, insect-resistant and easy to harvest.

The invention is realized in such a way that a simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternate which is disease-resistant, insect-resistant and easy to harvest comprises the following steps:

before pinellia ternata is planted, sun-dried mugwort straws or corn straws are tightly paved on a compartment surface, the length of the mugwort straws or the corn straws is 150cm, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is uniformly sprayed on the mugwort straws or the corn straws, after the mugwort straws or the corn straws are aired for one day, the mugwort straws or the corn straws are covered on the mugwort straws or the corn straws after being mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure and sandy soil, the thickness of the mugwort straws or the corn straws is 6-15cm, and then the mugwort straws or the corn straws are watered and thoroughly drenched.

When the pinellia is harvested, the mugwort straws or the corn straws are lifted, and the pinellia tubers are harvested.

Further, the simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternata for preventing diseases and pests and easy harvesting comprises the following steps:

before pinellia ternate is planted, sun-dried mugwort straws are flatly laid on a compartment surface, the length of the mugwort straws is 120-150cm, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is uniformly sprayed on the mugwort straws, after the mugwort straws are aired for one day, the mugwort straws are covered with the mugwort straws after being mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure to sandy soil, the thickness of the mugwort straws is 6-15cm, and then the mugwort straws are watered and thoroughly drenched;

in the harvesting of pinellia ternata, the mugwort straw is lifted, and the tuber of pinellia ternata is harvested.

Wherein the length of the mugwort straw is preferably 120cm, and the mugwort straw is preferably 10cm in thickness after being covered on the mugwort straw after being mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of the decomposed farmyard manure to the sandy soil.

Further, the dried mugwort straws are tightly paved on the compartment surface to be prepared: selecting sandy soil which is deep in soil layer, rich in organic matters, strong in water permeability and not planted in the summer before; before sowing, plowing a compartment, wherein the compartment surface is 120cm, the compartment groove width is 40cm, and the groove depth is 30 cm; after the soil is well finished, a ditch is opened every 30m, so that the ditches are communicated, and the drainage and irrigation are smooth.

Further, after the mugwort straw laid at the bottom is watered and thoroughly soaked, bulb selection is also needed: selecting corms with the surface free of diseases and insect pests, free of any trauma and 1-1.5cm in diameter as seed sources.

Further, after bulb selection, bulb treatment is performed: and (3) soaking the corm in 1000 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid solution and 25% pyraclostrobin solution for 20 minutes, and airing for later use.

Further, after the bulb treatment, bulb planting is carried out:

ditching and planting are carried out according to the plant spacing of 2cm and the row spacing of 20cm, and the depth of the corm is 4 cm.

Further, after the corms are planted, field water and fertilizer management and protection are carried out.

Further, the method for harvesting pinellia ternata specifically comprises the following steps: harvesting in late 9 th ten days; when in collection, 8-10 mugwort stalks are lifted at one time, the upper soil is shaken off from the mugwort stalks, and then pinellia tuber bulbs are selected and collected respectively.

Furthermore, after the pinellia ternate is harvested, the pinellia ternate meets the processing requirements, is washed and dried, and is used for medicinal materials; small seed source is placed in a breathable canvas bag and stored in the shade.

Furthermore, the mugwort straw is replaced by corn straw, so that the simplified cultivation of pinellia ternate for preventing diseases and pests and easy harvesting is carried out.

Further, the simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternata for preventing diseases and pests and easy harvesting further comprises the following steps:

before pinellia ternata is planted, sun-dried corn straws are tightly paved on a compartment surface, the length of the corn straws is 120-150cm, a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is uniformly sprayed on the corn straws, after the pinellia ternata is aired for one day, the corn straws are covered on the corn straws after being mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure and sandy soil, the thickness of the mixture is 6-15cm, and then the mixture is watered and thoroughly drenched.

When the pinellia is harvested, the corn stalks are lifted, and the pinellia tubers are harvested.

Further, the dried corn straws are tightly paved on the compartment surface to be prepared: selecting sandy soil which is deep in soil layer, rich in organic matters, strong in water permeability and not planted in the summer before. Before sowing, plowing a compartment, wherein the compartment surface is 120cm, the compartment groove width is 40cm, and the groove depth is 30 cm. After the soil is well finished, a ditch is opened every 30m, so that the ditches are communicated, and the drainage and irrigation are smooth.

The length of the corn straw is 120 cm.

The medium thickness of the mixture is 10cm after the mixture is covered on the corn straws according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of the decomposed farmyard manure to the sandy soil.

After the bottom-paved corn straws are watered and thoroughly drenched, bulb selection is also needed: selecting corms with the surface free of diseases and insect pests, free of any trauma and 1-1.5cm in diameter as seed sources.

After bulb selection, bulb treatment is carried out: and (3) soaking the corm in 1000 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid solution and 25% pyraclostrobin solution for 20 minutes, and airing for later use.

And (3) after the bulb treatment, bulb planting:

And performing field water and fertilizer management and protection after the corms are planted.

The method for harvesting pinellia ternata specifically comprises the following steps: harvesting is started in the last ten months. When in harvesting, 8-10 corn stalks are lifted at one time, the upper soil is shaken off from the moxa stalks, then pinellia tuber corms are selected and harvested respectively.

The collected pinellia ternata meets the processing requirements, is cleaned and dried, and is used for medicinal materials. Small seed source is placed in a breathable canvas bag and stored in the shade.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a simplified cultivation framework for pinellia ternata which is disease-resistant, insect-resistant and easy to harvest, implementing the simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternata which is disease-resistant, insect-resistant and easy to harvest.

In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:

the invention applies the residual straw after the harvesting of the mugwort to the planting process of the pinellia ternata, and fully utilizes the value of the mugwort straw to realize the prevention and treatment of bacterial soft rot and root rot of the pinellia ternata and increase the harvesting efficiency of the pinellia ternata.

The advantages of the invention are also embodied in the following points:

the invention realizes the return of the moxa stalks to the field, increases the using way of the moxa stalks, prevents the moxa stalks from being burnt and is beneficial to protecting the environment.

The mugwort stalks utilized by the invention contain volatile oil containing ethyl acetate, 1, 8-cineole, hydrated camphene, thujone and other components, have an inhibition effect on various fungi and bacteria, and can inhibit the growth and pathogenic degree of pathogenic bacteria of pinellia ternata and fungal diseases to a certain extent after the mugwort stalks are laid on the bottom.

The invention does not need too many external tools for harvesting, does not cause damage to the bulb of the pinellia ternate, and ensures the quality of the pinellia ternate.

The invention forms an isolation layer after the moxa stalks are paved on the bottom, enhances the water permeability and the air permeability, can well reduce the ground humidity, and reduces the spread of pathogenic bacteria, particularly soft rot, which is taken as a propagation path through a water source

The method is beneficial to harvesting, the pinellia ternate is labor-consuming and time-consuming at present and is the most critical part of the whole production link, the traditional method is to use a rake or a small hoe to dig, the harvesting efficiency is extremely low, after the moxa stalks are laid at the bottom, pinellia ternate tubers grow on the moxa stalks, and the harvesting can be completed only by lifting the moxa stalks.

The invention increases the carbon content in soil, and the degraded moxa straw can be used as an effective carbon fertilizer to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages that:

the corn straw provided by the invention is paved on the pinellia ternata field, and has the following advantages:

1) the nutrient in the soil is increased, and the corn stalks contain certain nutrients (the corn stalks contain various nutrient elements such as rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like and organic matters, the nitrogen content is 0.6 l%, the phosphorus content is 0.27%, the potassium content is 2.28%, and the organic matter content can reach about 15%. ) After the bottom is paved, the effect of the base fertilizer is achieved.

2) The number of microorganisms in the soil is increased, and the corn straws are paved below the pinellia ternata, so that the number of the microorganisms in the soil can be increased, the activities of the microorganisms and the pinellia ternata can be promoted, the activity of the soil is improved, the coordination capacity of water and fertilizer in the soil is improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved, and the pinellia ternata growth benefit is brought.

3) The ecological environment is improved, the corn is used as one of main grain crops in China, the planting area is large, and the burning of the corn straws exists in part of corn planting areas, so that the environment is greatly influenced, and the air quality is seriously influenced.

4) And improving the physical properties of the soil: humic acid formed by the action of microorganisms after the corn straws are returned to the field is bonded with calcium and magnesium in the soil to form calcium humate and magnesium humate, so that the soil forms a large amount of water-stable granular structures, the volume-weight ratio of the soil is reduced after the corn straws are returned to the field, and the total porosity is increased.

5) Improving the biological activity of the soil: the corn stalks contain a large amount of chemical energy and are energy sources for the life activities of soil microorganisms. The corn straw can enhance the activity of various microorganisms by laying the bottom, namely enhancing the respiration, fiber decomposition, ammoniation and nitrification. In addition, CO can be released in the decomposition process of the corn straws₂To make the surface layer of the soil CO₂The concentration is improved, which is beneficial to accelerating the photosynthesis of the leaves close to the ground.

6) Corn stalk has certain toughness, and inside is fluffy, and water permeability and gas permeability are fine, are favorable to reducing ground humidity, and the tuber of pinellia fibrous root of being convenient for grows, reduces the plant diseases and insect pests and takes place, paves the end back simultaneously, only need lift gently just can realize the tuber of pinellia and gather, realizes that the tuber of pinellia is gathered lightly and simplifies.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternata, which is disease-resistant, insect-resistant and easy to harvest, provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a simplified cultivation method (using mugwort straw) for pinellia ternate disease prevention, insect prevention and easy harvesting provided by the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a comparison between example 1 and example 4 of a conventional method used in a field experiment provided by an example of the present invention. In the figure, (a) the method of the invention; (b) and (4) carrying out a conventional method.

Fig. 4 is a layout plan view of a simplified cultivation framework (laying of mugwort straw) for pinellia ternate disease and pest prevention and easy harvesting, which is used for implementing the simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternate disease and pest prevention and easy harvesting in a field experiment provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a layout plan view of a simplified cultivation framework (laying corn stalks) for preventing diseases and insects and easily harvesting pinellia ternate, which is used for implementing the simplified cultivation method for preventing diseases and insects and easily harvesting pinellia ternate in a field experiment provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

In the prior art, the residual straw after the mugwort is harvested is not applied to the pinellia ternate planting process, the value of the mugwort straw is not fully utilized, the bacterial soft rot and the fungal corm rot of the pinellia ternate cannot be prevented, and meanwhile, the harvesting efficiency of the pinellia ternate cannot be increased.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternate which is disease-resistant, insect-resistant and easy to harvest, and the invention is described in detail by combining a specific scheme.

As shown in fig. 1. The simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternata for preventing diseases and pests and easy harvesting, provided by the embodiment of the invention, comprises the following steps:

s101, before pinellia ternate planting, tightly paving sun-dried folium artemisiae argyi straws or corn straws on a compartment surface, wherein the length of the folium artemisiae argyi straws or the corn straws is 120-150cm, uniformly spraying a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution on the folium artemisiae argyi straws or the corn straws, after airing for one day, mixing the decayed farmyard manure and sandy soil according to the weight ratio of 1:2, covering the folium artemisiae argyi straws or the corn straws with the thickness of 6-15cm, and then watering and thoroughly spraying.

S102, when the pinellia is harvested, the mugwort straws or the corn straws are lifted, and the pinellia tubers are harvested.

The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.

The test is carried out in the pinellia ternate experimental base of the institute of Chinese medicinal materials of agricultural science of Hubei province, and relevant data are correspondingly researched.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 2, the simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternata for preventing diseases and insects and easy harvesting provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s201, soil preparation. Selecting sandy soil which is deep in soil layer, rich in organic matters, strong in water permeability and not planted in the summer before. Before sowing, plowing a compartment, wherein the compartment surface is about 120cm, the compartment ditch width is about 40cm, and the ditch depth is about 30 cm. After the soil is well finished, a ditch is opened every 30m, the communication of the ditches is ensured, and the drainage and irrigation are smooth.

S202, laying the mugwort straws at the bottom. In the compartment opening process, the dried mugwort straws are tightly paved on the compartment surface, the length of the straws is about 120cm, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is uniformly sprayed on the straws, the straws are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure and sandy soil after being dried for one day and then are covered on the mugwort straws, the thickness of the straws is about 6cm, and then the straws are watered and thoroughly drenched.

And S203, selecting bulbs. Selecting corms with the surface free of diseases and insect pests, free of any trauma and 1-1.5cm in diameter as seed sources.

And S204, bulb treatment. And (3) soaking the corm in 1000 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid solution and 25% pyraclostrobin solution for 20 minutes, and airing for later use.

And S205, planting the corms. Ditching and planting are carried out according to the plant spacing of 2cm and the row spacing of 20cm, and the depth of the corm is ensured to be about 4 cm.

And S206, performing field water and fertilizer management and protection.

S207, harvesting: harvesting is started in the last ten months. When in harvesting, 8-10 mugwort stalks are slightly lifted at a time, the mixture is slightly shaken to shake the upper soil layer from the mugwort stalks, and then pinellia tuber corms are sorted and respectively harvested.

After harvesting, the medicinal materials which meet the processing requirements are cleaned and dried, and the medicinal materials which are used for medicinal materials and other smaller medicinal materials can be used as seed sources, placed in a breathable canvas bag, dried and stored in the shade.

Example 2

The simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternata for preventing diseases and pests and easy harvesting, provided by the embodiment of the invention, comprises the following steps:

1. and (7) land preparation.

Selecting sandy soil which is deep in soil layer, rich in organic matters, strong in water permeability and not planted in the summer before. Before sowing, plowing a compartment, wherein the compartment surface is about 120cm, the compartment ditch width is about 40cm, and the ditch depth is about 30 cm. After the soil is well finished, a ditch is opened every 30m, the communication of the ditches is ensured, and the drainage and irrigation are smooth.

2. Laying the mugwort straw at the bottom.

In the compartment opening process, the dried mugwort straws are tightly paved on the compartment surface, the length of the straws is about 120cm, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is uniformly sprayed on the straws, the straws are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure and sandy soil after being dried for one day and then are covered on the mugwort straws, the thickness of the straws is about 10cm, and then the straws are watered and thoroughly drenched.

3. And (4) selecting a bulb.

Selecting corms with the surface free of diseases and insect pests, free of any trauma and 1-1.5cm in diameter as seed sources.

4. And (5) bulb treatment.

And (3) soaking the corm in 1000 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid solution and 25% pyraclostrobin solution for 20 minutes, and airing for later use.

5. And (5) planting the corms.

Ditching and planting are carried out according to the plant spacing of 2cm and the row spacing of 20cm, and the depth of the corm is ensured to be about 4 cm.

6. And (5) managing and protecting the field.

And performing water and fertilizer management and protection according to a conventional method.

7. Harvesting: harvesting is started in the last ten months. When in harvesting, 8-10 mugwort stalks are slightly lifted at a time, the mixture is slightly shaken to shake the upper soil layer from the mugwort stalks, and then pinellia tuber corms are sorted and respectively harvested.

After receiving the goods, the product meets the processing requirements, is cleaned and dried, is used for medicinal materials, can be used as seed sources for other smaller medicinal materials, is placed in a breathable canvas bag, and is dried and stored in the shade.

Example 3

1. and (7) land preparation.

2. Laying the mugwort straw at the bottom.

In the compartment opening process, the dried mugwort straws are tightly paved on the compartment surface, the length of the straws is about 120cm, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is uniformly sprayed on the straws, the straws are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure and sandy soil after being dried for one day and then are covered on the mugwort straws, the thickness of the straws is about 15cm, and then the straws are watered and thoroughly drenched.

3. And (4) selecting a bulb.

4. And (5) bulb treatment.

5. And (5) planting the corms.

6. And (5) managing and protecting the field.

Example 4

1, soil preparation. Selecting sandy soil which is deep in soil layer, rich in organic matters, strong in water permeability and not planted in the summer before. Before sowing, plowing a compartment, wherein the compartment surface is about 120cm, the compartment ditch width is about 40cm, and the ditch depth is about 30 cm. After the soil is well finished, a ditch is opened every 30m, the communication of the ditches is ensured, and the drainage and irrigation are smooth.

2, paving the bottom with corn straws. In the compartment opening process, the dried corn straws are tightly paved on the compartment surface, the length of the straws is about 120cm, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is uniformly sprayed on the straws, the straws are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure and sandy soil after being dried for one day and then are covered on the corn straws, the thickness of the straws is about 6cm, and then the straws are watered and thoroughly drenched.

And 3, bulb selection. Selecting corms with the surface free of diseases and insect pests, free of any trauma and 1-1.5cm in diameter as seed sources.

And 4, bulb treatment. And (3) soaking the corm in 1000 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid solution and 25% pyraclostrobin solution for 20 minutes, and airing for later use.

And 5, planting the corms. Ditching and planting are carried out according to the plant spacing of 2cm and the row spacing of 20cm, and the depth of the corm is ensured to be about 4 cm.

And 6, performing field water and fertilizer management and protection.

7, harvesting: harvesting is started in the last ten months. When in harvesting, slightly lifting 8-10 corn stalks at a time, slightly shaking to shake the upper soil away from the corn stalks, then selecting pinellia tuber corms, and harvesting respectively.

Example 5

1. and (7) land preparation.

2. Laying the corn straw on the bottom.

In the compartment opening process, the dried corn straws are tightly paved on the compartment surface, the length of the straws is about 120cm, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is uniformly sprayed on the straws, the straws are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure and sandy soil after being dried for one day and then are covered on the corn straws, the thickness of the straws is about 10cm, and then the straws are watered and thoroughly drenched.

3. And (4) selecting a bulb.

4. And (5) bulb treatment.

5. And (5) planting the corms.

6. And (5) managing and protecting the field.

7. Harvesting: harvesting is started in the last ten months. When in harvesting, slightly lifting 8-10 corn stalks at a time, slightly shaking to shake the upper soil away from the corn stalks, then selecting pinellia tuber corms, and harvesting respectively.

Example 6

1. and (7) land preparation.

2. Laying the corn stalks at the bottom.

In the compartment opening process, the dried corn straws are tightly paved on the compartment surface, the length of the straws is about 120cm, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is uniformly sprayed on the straws, the straws are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure and sandy soil after being dried for one day and then are covered on the corn straws, the thickness of the straws is about 15cm, and then the straws are watered and thoroughly drenched.

3. And (4) selecting a bulb.

4. And (5) bulb treatment.

5. And (5) planting the corms.

6. And (5) managing and protecting the field.

Example 7 (conventional planting control example)

In the prior art, a pinellia ternate cultivation method comprises the following steps:

1. and (7) land preparation.

2. And (4) applying a base fertilizer.

2000 jin of decomposed farmyard manure is uniformly spread in the whole field.

3. And (4) selecting a bulb.

4. And (5) bulb treatment.

5. And (5) planting the corms.

6. And (5) managing and protecting the field. And performing water and fertilizer management and protection according to a conventional method.

7. And (6) harvesting. In the last 9 th month, harvesting in sunny days, wherein if the soil humidity is too high, tubers and soil can be planed and loosened together to evaporate water in the soil quickly, so that the soil is dried and crushed as soon as possible, and is convenient to harvest and plane. When digging, the tuber is carefully picked out by turning the whole tuber of pinellia tuber with leaves to one side by claw fishing or iron pick from one end of the ridge. The bulbils of the plants falling on the ground after seedling pouring are picked out before being planed. The residual dry leaves and residual branches in the ground after digging and harvesting should be detected and burnt to reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.

The invention is further described below in connection with the above examples 1-4 and data statistics.

TABLE 1 Effect of the four examples on semi-summer biological traits

Example numbering	Average single plant rhizome weight (g)	Average single plant rootstock height (cm)	Total alkaloid content (%)
				1	5.73	25.50	0.0985
2	5.74	25.21	0.0992
				3	5.35	25.17	0.0935
4	5.71	25.41	0.0991
				5	5.70	25.11	0.0990
6	5.72	25.03	0.947
				7	5.17	25.22	0.0907

Table 2 effect of four examples on major semi-summer pests

TABLE 3 Effect of the four examples on semi-summer harvest time

The invention is further described below in connection with specific experiments.

As shown in fig. 3, a comparative graph between example 1 of the method of the present invention and example 4 of the conventional method was used in the field experiment provided by the example of the present invention.

In the figure, (a) the method of the invention; (b) and (4) carrying out a conventional method.

As shown in fig. 4, in the field experiment provided by the embodiment of the invention, a layout plan view of a simplified cultivation framework (laying of mugwort straw) for preventing diseases and insects and easily harvesting pinellia ternate is implemented by the simplified cultivation method for preventing diseases and insects and easily harvesting pinellia ternate.

As shown in fig. 5, in the field experiment provided by the embodiment of the invention, a layout plan view of a simplified cultivation framework (laying corn stalks) for preventing diseases and insects and easily harvesting pinellia ternate is provided.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The simplified cultivation method for preventing diseases and insects and facilitating harvesting of pinellia ternata is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

preparing soil, namely selecting sandy soil which is deep in soil layer, rich in organic matters, strong in water permeability and not planted in the summer before;

before sowing, plowing a compartment, wherein the compartment surface is 120cm, the compartment groove width is 40cm, and the groove depth is 30 cm; after the soil is well finished, a ditch is opened every 30m, the communication of the ditches is ensured, and the drainage and irrigation are smooth;

laying the moxa straws at the bottom, spreading the dried moxa straws on the surface of a compartment tightly in the compartment opening process, wherein the length of the straws is 120cm, spraying 0.1% potassium permanganate solution on the straws, airing for one day, mixing the straws according to the weight ratio of 1:2 of decomposed farmyard manure and sandy soil, covering the straws on the moxa straws with the thickness of 6cm, and watering and thoroughly spraying;

selecting corms, selecting corms with the surface free from diseases and insect pests and any trauma and the diameter of 1-1.5cm as seed sources;

treating the bulb, namely soaking the bulb in 1000 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid solution and 25% pyraclostrobin solution for 20 minutes, and airing for later use;

planting the corms, and performing ditching planting according to the plant spacing of 2cm and the row spacing of 20cm to ensure that the depth of the corms is 4 cm;

performing field water and fertilizer management and protection;

harvesting: harvesting in the last ten days of 9 months, lifting 8-10 folium Artemisiae Argyi stalks once, shaking to shake the upper soil layer off from the folium Artemisiae Argyi stalks, selecting pinellia ternate corms, and harvesting respectively.

2. The simplified pinellia ternate cultivation method for preventing diseases and pests and facilitating harvesting as claimed in claim 1, wherein pinellia ternate is harvested, washed, dried, used as a medicinal material or a seed source, placed in a breathable canvas bag, dried and stored in the shade.

3. A simplified cultivation framework for pinellia ternata with disease and pest prevention and easy harvesting, which is used for implementing the simplified cultivation method for pinellia ternata with disease and pest prevention and easy harvesting of claim 1.