CN111955255B - Green insect-prevention cultivation method for jasmine - Google Patents

Green insect-prevention cultivation method for jasmine Download PDF

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CN111955255B
CN111955255B CN202010748068.3A CN202010748068A CN111955255B CN 111955255 B CN111955255 B CN 111955255B CN 202010748068 A CN202010748068 A CN 202010748068A CN 111955255 B CN111955255 B CN 111955255B
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soil
jasmine
planting
seedbed
selecting
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CN111955255A (en
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杨庆新
黄建安
刘仲华
李适
王坤波
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Xftea Group Co ltd
Hunan Agricultural University
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Xftea Group Co ltd
Hunan Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/22—Bacillus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/22—Bacillus
    • A01N63/23—B. thuringiensis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/32—Yeast
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/38—Trichoderma
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/30—Polygonaceae [Buckwheat family], e.g. red-knees or rhubarb
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of jasmine planting and cultivation, and particularly discloses a green insect-prevention cultivation method for jasmine, which comprises the steps of seedbed seedling raising, planting land selection, soil preparation, base fertilizer application, planting, topdressing, weeding, disease control and the like.

Description

Green insect-prevention cultivation method for jasmine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of jasmine flower cultivation and planting, and particularly discloses a green insect-prevention cultivation method for jasmine flowers.
Background
Jasmine, namely the alias: jasmine, Latin name: jasminum sambac (L.) Ait, Oleaceae, genus Jasminum, erects or climbs shrubs up to 3 meters. The flowering period is 5-8 months, and the fruit period is 7-9 months. Jasmine favors warmth and wetness and grows best in a well ventilated and semi-cloudy environment. The soil is preferably slightly acidic sandy soil containing a large amount of humus. The jasmine is extremely fragrant, and is a famous scented tea raw material and an important essence raw material; the herbs of flowers and leaves are indicated for blood-shot eyes with swelling and pain, and also have the actions of relieving cough and resolving phlegm. As an important economic crop, jasmine is widely planted in Fujian province, Fuding, Zhejiang Jinhua, Jiangsu Suzhou, Anhui she county, Huangshan, Guangxi horizontal county, Chongqing and the like, and is a high-income variety of local agriculture. In the whole growth process of the jasmine, dozens of pests are harmful, and various pests have own ecological niches, such as termites harmful to roots, scale insects harmful to stems, noctuids harmful to flowers and the like. In order to solve the problem, at present, when the jasmine stem rot occurs, a sulfur compound is mainly sprayed for preventing and treating, and for southern blight, diseased leaves are mainly cut off and Bordeaux mixture is mainly sprayed; aiming at jasmine flower leaf borers, dipterex wettable powder is mainly used for liquefaction and spraying to kill; aiming at tetranychus cinnabarinus, the dilute solution of dimethoate missible oil is mainly sprayed on the leaf surfaces for prevention and control, all the prevention and control agents have certain toxicity, a protection measure is required to be taken during spraying, and the diseases are easy to generate resistance after the chemical agents are used for a long time. Therefore, an environment-friendly and green jasmine flower pest control cultivation method is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, the green organic jasmine product is obtained by applying the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent and spraying the biological agent to respectively prevent and control pests in the jasmine soil and on the surface of a plant. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a green insect-proof cultivation method of jasmine comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling in a seedbed: selecting bivalve or multi-valve jasmine flowers as the cutting scions, and adopting cutting propagation seedbed seedling raising;
(2) selecting a planting land: selecting a raw soil with soil quality of loam or sandy loam, long illumination time, annual average temperature of more than 20 ℃, organic matter content of more than or equal to 2 percent, elevation of more than or equal to 200 meters and soil pH value of 4.0-5.9 as a planting field;
(3) land preparation: ploughing the raw soil for 1-3 times, wherein the depth of the ploughed soil layer is 60-80cm, and adding a raw soil curing agent in the ploughing process, wherein the addition amount of the raw soil curing agent is 500 plus 1000kg of raw soil curing agent per mu;
(4) applying a base fertilizer: after applying 1500-2000kg of base fertilizer per mu, applying the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent above the base fertilizer, and covering a soil layer of 8-15 cm;
(5) planting: when the height of the jasmine seedlings in the step (1) is 25-35cm, transplanting the jasmine seedlings to a planting field, and performing soil moisture planting;
(6) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 1 time every month, the used fertilizer is an ecological fertilizer, and the cultivation depth is 20-25cm during topdressing;
(7) weeding: when weeds grow, the overground part of the weeds is cut off manually without damaging grass roots, and the pink bud chrysanthemum is applied;
(8) disease control: spraying biological agent to prevent and control insect pests.
Wherein, the seedbed seedling raising in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting cutting shoots: selecting a strong branch without diseases and insect pests, and cutting the middle lower part of the strong branch;
b. preparing a seedbed: selecting sandy soil or sandy loam as a seedbed, ploughing by 40-60cm, digging irrigation and drainage ditches around, ditching for managing the soil moisture by the width of 100cm, the width of 20cm and the depth of 15cm, leveling the soil moisture surface, finely crushing soil particles, and fully watering the seedbed;
c. cutting the rice shoot: before cuttage, the cuttings are subjected to chemical treatment, Baoke is applied to prepare 700 times of solution to be soaked for 5-8 minutes, the cuttings are taken out and dried, the cuttings are planted on a seedbed according to the plant-row spacing of 9cm multiplied by 3cm, and the top ends of the cuttings are 5cm away from the soil surface during cuttage.
Wherein, the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent in the step (4) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of wormwood, 15% of mint, 15% of flaccid knotweed herb, 10% of ginkgo, 10% of pyrethrum, 8% of castor bean wax, 5% of citronella, 5% of perilla seed, 5% of asarum and 2% of cinnamon. The Chinese herbal medicine with the unique formula in the scheme can effectively expel termites at the root of the jasmine and scale insects at the stem of the jasmine in the root and the intense pungent taste of the jasmine.
Wherein the standard of the soil moisture raising planting in the step (5) is as follows: the width of the furrow is 110 cm, the height of the furrow is 18 cm, the width of the furrow is 20cm, planting furrows with the width of 25cm and the depth of 15cm are respectively dug at two sides of the furrow surface, the planting distance is 20cm, and the row spacing is 70 cm.
Wherein the ecological fertilizer in the step (6) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of human and animal manure, 15% of straw, 20% of bean dregs, 20% of humic acid and 25% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The fertilizer has the advantages of utilizing human and animal excrements, kitchen wastes and straws, utilizing wastes, greatly reducing the using amount of chemical fertilizers, having strong fertility, greatly reducing the damage to the land, preventing the land from being salinized and being beneficial to long-term cultivation.
Wherein, the biological agent in the disease control in the step (8) comprises the following components in percentage by mass of dry bacteria: 25% of bacillus subtilis, 20% of microzyme, 15% of photosynthetic bacteria, 15% of bacillus thuringiensis, 15% of trichoderma harzianum and 10% of chaetomium. In the special prepared microbial inoculum for biological control of jasmine in the scheme, bacillus subtilis is harmless to human bodies, can coexist harmoniously with jasmine, has strong antibacterial activity on fungi, can control leaf spot, southern blight and the like of the jasmine, and saccharomycetes can perform competitive antagonism on the surface of the jasmine and harmful bacteria and occupy the survival positions of the harmful bacteria; the bacillus thuringiensis has a good control effect on lepidoptera pest larvae, and particularly has strong killing power on jasmine stem borer larvae; furthermore, after the jasmine is treated by trichoderma, particularly trichoderma harzianum, the jasmine can induce to generate substances such as special enzymes and the like, so that resistance is generated to leaf diseases or virus diseases, and the resistance of the jasmine is enhanced; the chaetomium has nutrition competition effect, heavy parasitic effect, extracellular enzyme bacteriolysis effect and bacteriostatic effect of secondary metabolites on pathogenic bacteria, and can induce the guard reaction of jasmine; the photosynthetic bacteria can decompose and utilize metabolites of the fungi and generate nutrient substances; the combination of the chaetomium, trichoderma harzianum and photosynthetic bacteria can generate a synergistic interaction effect, and the bacillus subtilis, the saccharomycetes and the bacillus thuringiensis are matched to form a self-sustaining microecological environment with resistance to harmful bacteria and diseases and insect pests, so that a lasting and powerful bio-control effect is generated.
Wherein the jasmine flower is selected from one of tiger head jasmine, pearl jasmine, chrysanthemum jasmine king and lion head jasmine.
The jasmine flower harvested by the green insect-prevention cultivation method for the jasmine flower is applied to jasmine tea production.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, when the jasmine seedlings are cultivated on a seedbed, strong branches are selected for breeding, and before cuttage, Baeck treatment is carried out, so that plant diseases and insect pests are eliminated from roots, then a jasmine planting field is selected, and a soil-growing curing agent is added into the planting field, so that jasmine peanuts grow in a well-nourished environment, and the disease resistance of the jasmine peanuts can be promoted; furthermore, after the base fertilizer is applied, the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent is added into the soil, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent comprises various volatile herbal medicines which can drive and kill the diseases and the insects in the soil, is purely natural, has no toxicity or harm to human bodies, and does not damage the environment; furthermore, ecological fertilizer is applied in the top dressing process, human and animal excrements, kitchen residues and straws are utilized, waste is utilized, the using amount of the fertilizer is greatly reduced, the fertility is strong, and the damage to the land is greatly reduced, so that the long-term cultivation is facilitated; furthermore, in the plant growth process, the biological agent is applied to the surface of the plant, so that the plant is green and natural, the synergistic sterilization and insect prevention effects are good, the control effects on jasmine southern blight, jasmine leaf borer and tetranychus cinnabarinus are good, no pesticide residue is generated, and the drug resistance is not easy to occur.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a green insect-proof cultivation method of jasmine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling in a seedbed: selecting bivalve or multi-valve jasmine flowers as the cutting scions, and adopting cutting propagation seedbed seedling raising, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting cutting shoots: selecting a strong branch without diseases and insect pests, and cutting the middle lower part of the strong branch;
b. preparing a seedbed: selecting sandy soil or sandy loam as a seedbed, ploughing by 40-60cm, digging irrigation and drainage ditches around, ditching for managing the soil moisture by the width of 100cm, the width of 20cm and the depth of 15cm, leveling the soil moisture surface, finely crushing soil particles, and fully watering the seedbed;
c. cutting the rice shoot: treating the cuttings with a medicament before cuttage, applying Baokang to prepare 700 times of solution, soaking for 5-8 minutes, taking out, drying, and cuttage on a seedbed according to a plant-row spacing of 9cm multiplied by 3cm, wherein the top end of each cutting is 5cm away from the soil surface during cuttage;
the jasmine flower is selected from one of tiger head jasmine, pearl jasmine, chrysanthemum jasmine king and lion head jasmine;
(2) selecting a planting land: selecting a raw soil with soil quality of loam or sandy loam, long illumination time, annual average temperature of more than 20 ℃, organic matter content of more than or equal to 2 percent, elevation of more than or equal to 200 meters and soil pH value of 4.0-5.9 as a planting field;
(3) land preparation: ploughing the raw soil for 1-3 times, wherein the depth of the ploughed soil layer is 60-80cm, and adding a raw soil curing agent in the ploughing process, wherein the addition amount of the raw soil curing agent is 500 plus 1000kg of raw soil curing agent per mu; the raw soil curing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 43% of silt filling soil, 20% of cellulose, 15% of soybean residue, 12% of edible fungus residue, 5% of yeast powder and 5% of wormcast;
(4) applying a base fertilizer: after applying 1500-2000kg of base fertilizer per mu, applying the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent above the base fertilizer, and covering a soil layer of 8-15 cm; the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of wormwood, 15% of mint, 15% of flaccid knotweed herb, 10% of ginkgo, 10% of pyrethrum, 8% of castor bean wax, 5% of citronella, 5% of perilla seed, 5% of asarum and 2% of cinnamon;
(5) planting: when the height of the jasmine seedlings in the step (1) is 25-35cm, transplanting the jasmine seedlings to a planting field, and performing soil moisture planting; the standard of the soil moisture raising planting is as follows: the width of the furrow is 110 cm, the height of the furrow is 18 cm, the width of the furrow is 20cm, planting furrows with the width of 25cm and the depth of 15cm are respectively dug at two sides of the furrow surface, the planting distance is 20cm, and the row spacing is 70 cm;
(6) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 1 time every month, the used fertilizer is an ecological fertilizer, and the cultivation depth is 20-25cm during topdressing; the ecological fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of human and animal manure, 15% of straw, 20% of bean dregs, 20% of humic acid and 25% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(7) Weeding: when weeds grow, the overground part of the weeds is cut off manually without damaging grass roots, and the pink bud chrysanthemum is applied;
(8) disease control: spraying biological agents to prevent and control insect pests; the biological agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass of dry bacteria: 25% of bacillus subtilis, 20% of microzyme, 15% of photosynthetic bacteria, 15% of bacillus thuringiensis, 15% of trichoderma harzianum and 10% of chaetomium cupreum.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.
Example 1
The invention provides a green insect-proof cultivation method of jasmine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling in a seedbed: selecting jasmine as a cutting ear, and adopting a cutting propagation seedbed to grow seedlings, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting cutting shoots: selecting a strong branch without diseases and insect pests, and cutting the middle lower part of the strong branch;
b. preparing a seedbed: selecting sandy soil as a seedbed, ploughing by 40cm, digging irrigation and drainage ditches around, ditching according to the width of a furrow surface of 100cm, the width of a ditch of 20cm and the depth of 15cm for clearing the furrow, leveling the furrow surface, finely crushing soil particles, and fully watering the seedbed;
c. cutting the rice shoot: treating the cuttings with a medicament before cuttage, applying Baoke to prepare 700 times of solution for soaking for 5 minutes, fishing out, drying, and cuttage on a seedbed according to the plant-row spacing of 9cm multiplied by 3cm, wherein the top ends of the cuttings are 5cm away from the soil surface during cuttage;
(2) selecting a planting land: selecting a raw soil with loam as a planting field, long illumination time, the annual average temperature of more than 20 ℃, 2.3 percent of organic matter content, 250 meters of altitude and 5.2 of soil pH value;
(3) land preparation: ploughing the raw soil for 1 time, wherein the depth of a ploughed soil layer is 60cm, and adding a raw soil curing agent in the ploughing process, wherein the addition amount of the raw soil curing agent is 500kg per mu; the raw soil curing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 43% of silt filling soil, 20% of cellulose, 15% of soybean residue, 12% of edible fungus residue, 5% of yeast powder and 5% of wormcast;
(4) applying a base fertilizer: applying 1500kg of base fertilizer per mu, applying the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent above the base fertilizer, and covering with a 8cm soil layer; the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of wormwood, 15% of mint, 15% of flaccid knotweed herb, 10% of ginkgo, 10% of pyrethrum, 8% of castor bean wax, 5% of citronella, 5% of perilla seed, 5% of asarum and 2% of cinnamon;
(5) planting: when the height of the jasmine seedlings in the step (1) is 25cm, transplanting the jasmine seedlings to a planting field, and performing soil moisture planting; the standard of the soil moisture raising planting is as follows: the width of the furrow is 110 cm, the height of the furrow is 18 cm, the width of the furrow is 20cm, planting furrows with the width of 25cm and the depth of 15cm are respectively dug at two sides of the furrow surface, the planting distance is 20cm, and the row spacing is 70 cm;
(6) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 1 time every month, the used fertilizer is an ecological fertilizer, and the cultivation depth is 20cm during topdressing; the ecological fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of human and animal manure, 15% of straw, 20% of bean dregs, 20% of humic acid and 25% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;
(7) weeding: when weeds grow, the overground part of the weeds is cut off manually without damaging grass roots, and the pink bud chrysanthemum is applied;
(8) disease control: spraying biological agents to prevent and control insect pests; the biological agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass of dry bacteria: 25% of bacillus subtilis, 20% of microzyme, 15% of photosynthetic bacteria, 15% of bacillus thuringiensis, 15% of trichoderma harzianum and 10% of chaetomium.
Example 2
The invention provides a green insect-proof cultivation method of jasmine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling in a seedbed: selecting Baozhu jasmine as a cutting ear, and adopting a cutting propagation seedbed to grow seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting cutting shoots: selecting a strong branch without diseases and insect pests, and cutting the middle lower part of the strong branch;
b. preparing a seedbed: selecting sandy loam as a seedbed, ploughing by 50cm, digging irrigation and drainage ditches around, ditching for clearing the moisture of the soil by 100cm wide, 20cm wide and 15cm deep, leveling the moisture of the soil, finely crushing soil particles, and fully watering the seedbed;
c. cutting the rice shoot: treating the cuttings with a medicament before cuttage, applying Baoke to prepare 700 times of solution for soaking for 7 minutes, fishing out, drying, and cuttage on a seedbed according to the plant-row spacing of 9cm multiplied by 3cm, wherein the top ends of the cuttings are 5cm away from the soil surface during cuttage;
(2) selecting a planting land: selecting a raw soil with loam as a planting field, long illumination time, the annual average temperature of more than 20 ℃, 2.3 percent of organic matter content, 250 meters of altitude and 5.2 of soil pH value;
(3) land preparation: ploughing the raw soil for 2 times, wherein the depth of the ploughed soil layer is 70cm, and adding a raw soil curing agent in the ploughing process, wherein the addition amount of the raw soil curing agent is 750kg per mu; the raw soil curing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 43% of silt filling soil, 20% of cellulose, 15% of soybean residue, 12% of edible fungus residue, 5% of yeast powder and 5% of wormcast;
(4) applying a base fertilizer: after 1750kg of base fertilizer is applied to each mu, Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent is applied above the base fertilizer, and then a 10cm soil layer is covered; the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of wormwood, 15% of mint, 15% of flaccid knotweed herb, 10% of ginkgo, 10% of pyrethrum, 8% of castor bean wax, 5% of citronella, 5% of perilla seed, 5% of asarum and 2% of cinnamon;
(5) planting: when the height of the jasmine seedlings in the step (1) is 30cm, transplanting the jasmine seedlings to a planting field, and performing soil moisture planting; the standard of the soil moisture raising planting is as follows: the width of the furrow is 110 cm, the height of the furrow is 18 cm, the width of the furrow is 20cm, planting furrows with the width of 25cm and the depth of 15cm are respectively dug at two sides of the furrow surface, the planting distance is 20cm, and the row spacing is 70 cm;
(6) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 1 time every month, the used fertilizer is an ecological fertilizer, and the cultivation depth is 22cm during topdressing; the ecological fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of human and animal manure, 15% of straw, 20% of bean dregs, 20% of humic acid and 25% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(7) Weeding: when weeds grow, the overground part of the weeds is cut off manually without damaging grass roots, and the pink bud chrysanthemum is applied;
(8) disease control: spraying biological agents to prevent and control insect pests; the biological agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass of dry bacteria: 25% of bacillus subtilis, 20% of microzyme, 15% of photosynthetic bacteria, 15% of bacillus thuringiensis, 15% of trichoderma harzianum and 10% of chaetomium cupreum.
Example 3
The invention provides a green insect-proof cultivation method of jasmine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling in a seedbed: selecting the lion head jasmine as the cutting scions, and adopting a cutting propagation seedbed to carry out seedling raising, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting cutting shoots: selecting a strong branch without diseases and insect pests, and cutting the middle lower part of the strong branch;
b. preparing a seedbed: selecting sandy loam as a seedbed, ploughing by 60cm, digging irrigation and drainage ditches around, ditching for clearing the moisture of the soil by 100cm wide, 20cm wide and 15cm deep, leveling the moisture of the soil, finely crushing soil particles, and fully watering the seedbed;
c. cutting the rice shoot: treating the cuttings with a medicament before cuttage, applying Baoke to prepare 700 times of solution for soaking for 8 minutes, fishing out, drying, and cuttage on a seedbed according to the plant-row spacing of 9cm multiplied by 3cm, wherein the top ends of the cuttings are 5cm away from the soil surface during cuttage;
(2) selecting a planting land: selecting a raw soil with loam as a planting field, long illumination time, the annual average temperature of more than 20 ℃, 2.3 percent of organic matter content, 250 meters of altitude and 5.2 of soil pH value;
(3) land preparation: ploughing the raw soil for 3 times, wherein the depth of a ploughed soil layer is 80cm, and adding a raw soil curing agent in the ploughing process, wherein the addition amount of the raw soil curing agent is 1000kg per mu; the raw soil curing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 43% of silt filling soil, 20% of cellulose, 15% of soybean residue, 12% of edible fungus residue, 5% of yeast powder and 5% of wormcast;
(4) applying a base fertilizer: after applying 1500-2000kg of base fertilizer per mu, applying the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent above the base fertilizer, and covering a 15cm soil layer; the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of wormwood, 15% of mint, 15% of flaccid knotweed herb, 10% of ginkgo, 10% of pyrethrum, 8% of castor bean wax, 5% of citronella, 5% of perilla seed, 5% of asarum and 2% of cinnamon;
(5) planting: when the height of the jasmine seedlings in the step (1) is 35cm, transplanting the jasmine seedlings to a planting field, and performing soil moisture planting; the standard of the soil moisture raising planting is as follows: the width of the furrow is 110 cm, the height of the furrow is 18 cm, the width of the furrow is 20cm, planting furrows with the width of 25cm and the depth of 15cm are respectively dug at two sides of the furrow surface, the planting distance is 20cm, and the row spacing is 70 cm;
(6) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 1 time every month, the used fertilizer is an ecological fertilizer, and the cultivation depth is 25cm during topdressing; the ecological fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of human and animal manure, 15% of straw, 20% of bean dregs, 20% of humic acid and 25% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(7) Weeding: when weeds grow, the overground part of the weeds is cut off manually without damaging grass roots, and the pink bud chrysanthemum is applied;
(8) disease control: spraying biological agents to prevent and control insect pests; the biological agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass of dry bacteria: 25% of bacillus subtilis, 20% of microzyme, 15% of photosynthetic bacteria, 15% of bacillus thuringiensis, 15% of trichoderma harzianum and 10% of chaetomium cupreum.
Test example
The harvested jasmine flowers planted by the methods of examples 1, 2, 3 and the like are respectively compared with a comparative example 1 with the same planting conditions as example 2 but without adding the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent and a comparative example 2 with the same planting conditions as example 2 but without adding the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent and the biological agent, wherein the comparison items are the attack conditions of jasmine stem rot and southern blight, the number of jasmine leafworms and tetranychus cinnabarinus and the yield per mu. Wherein the disease conditions of the jasmine stem rot and the southern blight adopt a subjective evaluation method and are classified into none, slight, moderate and severe; collecting 100 flowers by jasmine stem borers, and counting the total number of the insects; 100 leaves were collected from Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and the number of infected leaves was counted, and the data are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 comparative test data
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
According to the data in the table 1, the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent and the biological agent are added in the planting process of the green insect-resist cultivation method for the jasmine, so that the green insect-resist cultivation method has a good effect of preventing and treating common diseases and insect pests in the growth process of the jasmine.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A green insect-prevention cultivation method for jasmine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seedling in a seedbed: selecting Baozhu jasmine as a cutting ear, and adopting a cutting propagation seedbed to grow seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting cutting shoots: selecting a strong branch without diseases and insect pests, and cutting the middle lower part of the strong branch;
b. preparing a seedbed: selecting sandy loam as a seedbed, ploughing by 50cm, digging irrigation and drainage ditches around, ditching for clearing the moisture of the soil by 100cm wide, 20cm wide and 15cm deep, leveling the moisture of the soil, finely crushing soil particles, and fully watering the seedbed;
c. cutting the rice shoot: treating the cuttings with a medicament before cuttage, applying Baoke to prepare 700 times of solution for soaking for 7 minutes, fishing out, drying, and cuttage on a seedbed according to the plant-row spacing of 9cm multiplied by 3cm, wherein the top ends of the cuttings are 5cm away from the soil surface during cuttage;
(2) selecting a planting land: selecting a raw soil with loam as a planting field, long illumination time, the annual average temperature of more than 20 ℃, 2.3 percent of organic matter content, 250 meters of altitude and 5.2 of soil pH value;
(3) land preparation: ploughing the raw soil for 2 times, wherein the depth of the ploughed soil layer is 70cm, and adding a raw soil curing agent in the ploughing process, wherein the addition amount of the raw soil curing agent is 750kg per mu; the raw soil curing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 43% of silt filling soil, 20% of cellulose, 15% of soybean residue, 12% of edible fungus residue, 5% of yeast powder and 5% of wormcast;
(4) applying a base fertilizer: after 1750kg of base fertilizer is applied to each mu, Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent is applied above the base fertilizer, and then a 10cm soil layer is covered; the Chinese herbal medicine insect-resist agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of wormwood, 15% of mint, 15% of flaccid knotweed herb, 10% of ginkgo, 10% of pyrethrum, 8% of castor bean wax, 5% of citronella, 5% of perilla seed, 5% of asarum and 2% of cinnamon;
(5) planting: when the height of the jasmine seedlings in the step (1) is 30cm, transplanting the jasmine seedlings to a planting field, and performing soil moisture planting; the standard of the soil moisture raising planting is as follows: the width of the furrow is 110 cm, the height of the furrow is 18 cm, the width of the furrow is 20cm, planting furrows with the width of 25cm and the depth of 15cm are respectively dug at two sides of the furrow surface, the planting distance is 20cm, and the row spacing is 70 cm;
(6) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 1 time every month, the used fertilizer is an ecological fertilizer, and the cultivation depth is 22cm during topdressing; the ecological fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of human and animal manure, 15% of straw, 20% of bean dregs, 20% of humic acid and 25% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;
(7) weeding: when weeds grow, the overground part of the weeds is cut off manually without damaging grass roots, and the pink bud chrysanthemum is applied;
(8) disease control: spraying biological agents to prevent and control insect pests; the biological agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass of dry bacteria: 25% of bacillus subtilis, 20% of microzyme, 15% of photosynthetic bacteria, 15% of bacillus thuringiensis, 15% of trichoderma harzianum and 10% of chaetomium cupreum.
2. The application of the jasmine harvested by the green insect-prevention cultivation method of the jasmine as claimed in claim 1 in jasmine tea production.
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