CN108848991B - Passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method - Google Patents
Passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method, and belongs to the field of passion fruit grafting and planting. The invention discloses a method for high-position grafting, breeding and planting passion fruit, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting rootstock seeds; (2) seedling culture of the rootstock; (3) treating the rootstock; (4) selecting and grafting scions; (5) sterilization treatment after grafting; (6) planting management after grafting; (7) and (5) pest control management. The method adopts high-position grafting which is different from the traditional low-position grafting and is combined with the fruit hanging bunch, so that stem rot can be effectively prevented, the morbidity of the stem rot is reduced, and the yield of the grafted passion fruit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of passion fruit grafting and planting, and particularly relates to a passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method.
Background
At present, an important factor restricting the production of the passion fruit is the wide spread of the stem rot of the passion fruit.
The parts damaged by the passion fruit stem basal rot are mainly plant stem basal parts 5-10 cm away from the ground, and both seedlings and adult plants can get ill. The seedlings are infected with diseases, the plants wither, leaves fall off and fade, and then the whole seedlings die; the adult plant is infected, in the early stage of disease attack, dark brown disease spots appear at the base of a plant stem, then the cortex of the diseased part becomes soft, cracks and rot appear, the epidermis is easy to separate, and under the condition of higher humidity, pink mildew appears on the surface of the diseased bark. Basal lesions gradually spread laterally around the stem, while some healthy epidermis remains if the basal lesions do not encircle the stem for up to one week, overground parts show withering and chlorosis of the leaves, and when adverse disease development under environmental and climatic conditions, the plants continue to survive for the next growing season, but with severe impact on yield and quality. If the disease spots at the base of the stem extend around the stem for one week, the leaves and the branches at the upper part will wither and yellow, then the whole plant will wither and die, the climatic conditions are more suitable for the diseased season, and the time from the withering to the death of the vines of the plant is shorter.
The traditional passion fruit stock grafting technology is characterized in that stock is grown to 15-20 cm and is subjected to low-position grafting, and the low-position grafting has the following problems: grafted seedlings are susceptible to stem rot, and the growth and yield are influenced by the occurrence of stem rot. The low-position grafting is easy to infect the underground germs, and the pollination process is also easy to infect the low-position easily underground germs to cause the stem base rot.
The method has the advantages that the incidence peak of the passion fruit stem basal rot is in a high-temperature and high-humidity season of 5-7 months, the incidence rate is generally 20-30%, the serious land is more than 50%, the infectivity is strong, the spread is rapid in an orchard, the orchard is seriously short of plants, and the yield per unit area is reduced. The passion fruit plantation is serious in diseases such as high humidity, poor soil permeability, poor drainage, acidification and poor light transmittance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method, which adopts high-position grafting different from the traditional low-position grafting and is combined with a fruit hanging string, so that stem rot can be effectively prevented, the incidence of the stem rot is reduced, and the yield of the grafted passion fruit is increased.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for high-position grafting, breeding and planting passion fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock seeds: soaking seeds of golden fruit seedlings without mildew, diseases and insect pests in water for 20-30 hours, removing the seeds floating on the water, fishing out the rest seeds, flatly paving the seeds in a germination accelerating box with constant temperature and humidity, spraying 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid, and then accelerating germination to obtain naturally cracked seeds;
(2) seedling culture of the rootstock: the seedling bed adopts perlite matrix, and the perlite matrix is sprayed with aerial fog in advance to keep the humidity in the matrix at 50-80%; digging a pit with the depth of 1-3cm in the substrate, sowing the naturally cracked stock seeds with the opening facing downwards, and cultivating the seeds by adopting an aerosol spraying method after sowing;
(3) and (3) treating the rootstock: selecting golden fruit seedling stock seedlings which are free of plant diseases and insect pests and have healthy growth conditions, culturing to 90-100cm, cutting off the stock when the golden fruit seedling stock seedlings grow to a height of 70-80cm, and removing all other lateral branches; sterilizing and disinfecting the rootstock by using 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid;
(4) selecting and grafting scions: selecting passion fruit plants which are free of diseases and insect pests, healthy in growth condition, high in yield and excellent in quality, selecting healthy seed buds which are full in bud points, dark green in leaf color and free of diseases and insect pests or passion fruit seedlings with the height of more than 5cm as scion seedlings, and grafting by adopting a cutting and grafting method; after the grafting survives, performing normal water and fertilizer management, and planting by using a conventional shed building frame; in the step, the passion fruit seedlings can adopt the passion fruit plants of other excellent varieties as scions;
(5) and (3) sterilization treatment after grafting: performing primary preservative treatment on the roots of the passion fruits 30 days after grafting and 60 days after grafting respectively, and spraying preservative agents on the roots of the passion fruits, wherein the stems are wet;
(6) and (3) management after grafting: adopting a conventional grafting planting management mode, when the branches bear fruits on the shed frame, hanging the branches bearing the fruits on the shed downwards, and cutting off the tops when 4-6 fruits bear on the branches; the fruit shed is ventilated, and sunlight shines downwards, so that fruits are prevented from being clamped in fruit leaves on the shed, the comprehensive utilization space is improved, and the utilization rate of a fruit shed frame is improved;
(7) pest control management: when aphids appear on grafted fruit seedlings, 1500-2500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 1200-1800 times of liquid of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed for prevention and control; when the grafted fruit seedlings have brown spot and stem rot, spraying 1000-1500 times of 75% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 600-1200 times of 30% hymexazol water solution or 800-1700 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder; and adopting 1000 times of solution of the phosphorus 3 missible oil and 1000 times of solution of the sterilization solution to be mixed and sprayed.
As a further preferred technical scheme, the formula of the spraying agent for the aerosol spraying in the step (2) is as follows: 40% of urea, 35% of potassium nitrate, 8% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 14% of magnesium sulfate, 2% of boric acid and 1% of zinc sulfate; 500kg of water is added to each 1kg of spraying agent. The spray agent is adopted during aerosol spraying, so that the growth of the scion seedlings can be promoted, and nutrients required by the growth of the scion seedlings are provided. The zinc can participate in the synthesis of the auxin indoleacetic acid, and the zinc can promote the synthesis of tryptophan of indole and serine, and the tryptophan is a precursor for synthesizing the auxin, so the zinc indirectly influences the formation of the auxin, and the supplement of the zinc can promote the growth of seeds. Magnesium sulfate is an essential element for synthesizing chlorophyll, and the magnesium sulfate is added into the spraying agent, so that the leaves of the rootstock seedling are more dark green, and the growth of the rootstock is promoted. Other spray formulations are more essential elements for plant growth. In a further preferred embodiment, the substrate is pre-sprayed with a spraying agent before sowing, so that the substrate is kept wet. The pre-spraying of the substrate can create a better environment and promote the growth of the scion seedlings.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the humidity of the substrate after sowing is maintained at 80% or more. Higher humidity is required after germination to promote growth.
As a further preferred mode of the technical means, the temperature in the step (2) is kept at 25 to 32 ℃. Moderate temperature promotes medium growth.
According to the further optimization of the technical scheme, the golden fruit seedlings in the step (3) adopt fruit seedlings with stem rot resistance as rootstocks. The golden fruit seedlings are wooden seedlings, while other fruit seedlings are fleshy branches, and the wooden golden fruit seedlings have high hardness and are not easy to invade to cause diseases, particularly the head is not easy to cause root rot.
As a further preferable technical scheme, after grafting in the step (4), the grafting opening is sprayed with a sterilizing agent (adopting a conventional plant sterilizing agent in the market, such as glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid, ethanol, and the like), and then the grafting opening is sprayed with 1L of each 1g of naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid mixed with 1L of water. After grafting, the interface is disinfected and sterilized, and then naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid which can promote growth are sprayed to promote the growth of the scion and improve the survival rate.
As a further preferable technical scheme, after the grafting survives in the step (4), the whole tree is sprayed by using 250 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. After the grafting survives, the monopotassium phosphate is sprayed again to promote the growth of the scions.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, one or more of carbendazim, carbendazim and phloretin is used as the preservative agent for the preservative treatment in the step (5). The root-protecting agent, carbendazim and rhizofuninine can be directly purchased from the market. The invention adopts secondary antiseptic treatment to better prevent and treat the stem base rot.
As a further preferable technical scheme, the preservative agent for preservative treatment in the step (5) adopts the root-protecting agent, the carbendazim and the rhizoctonia root-rot agent which are used in a matching way in a ratio of 1:1: 2-3.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the golden fruit seedlings are used as the stocks for grafting, so that the disease resistance is strong; the golden fruit seedlings are wooden seedlings, while other fruit seedlings are fleshy branches, and the wooden golden fruit seedlings have high hardness and are not easy to invade to cause diseases, particularly the head is not easy to cause root rot. The golden fruit seedlings have long survival period, are strong and luxuriant generally for more than 3 years and are not easy to die;
2. the fertilizer absorption capacity is strong; the golden fruit seedling as the stock grafted seedling has main root and branch root, large and hard root, strong soil penetrating force, developed root system, fast and much fertilizer absorption, sufficient fertilizer water for supplying leaf fruits on vines, large fruit, good quality, high yield and good benefit. .
3. The grafted seedling of the planting stock has high yield. The yield per mu of the common planting method is about 4000 jin generally, and the yield per mu can reach 6 to 1 ten thousand jin by adopting the high grafting planting method of the invention
4. The invention adopts a high-position grafting method, the height of the stock reaches 70-80cm, the method is different from the traditional low-position grafting method, the height is only below 20cm, the method can avoid and reduce the germ from spreading and infecting the cuttage branches from the ground, and the occurrence of stem base rot is reduced.
5. The root is subjected to secondary antiseptic treatment after grafting, so that the occurrence of stem base rot can be effectively prevented, the incidence rate of the stem base rot is reduced, and the infection of the stem base rot to other fruit seedlings can be effectively limited when the stem base rot is caused.
6. According to the invention, insect pest management is carried out on the fruit seedlings after grafting, so that the fruit seedlings can be managed in a more scientific and reasonable manner, insect pests encountered in the growth process of the fruit seedlings are prevented and treated, the growth efficiency of the fruit seedlings is improved, and the yield of the fruit seedlings is further improved.
7. The invention adopts the aerosol spraying method to cultivate the scion seedlings, the aerosol spraying method can create an environment with relatively high humidity so as to promote the growth of the scion seedlings, the spraying agent is matched to provide nutrients required by the growth of the scion seedlings, the growth speed of the scion seedlings is improved, and meanwhile, the temperature in the environment is basically kept constant by adopting the aerosol spraying method so as to promote the growth of the scion seedlings.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples in order that the advantages and features of the present invention may be more readily understood, but the scope of the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A method for high-position grafting, breeding and planting passion fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock seeds: soaking seeds of golden fruit seedlings without mildew, diseases and insect pests in water for 20-25 hours, removing the seeds floating on the water, fishing out the rest seeds, flatly paving the seeds in a germination accelerating box with constant temperature and humidity, spraying 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid, and then accelerating germination to obtain naturally cracked seeds;
(2) seedling culture of the rootstock: the seedling bed adopts perlite matrix, the matrix is sprayed with aerial fog in advance, and the matrix needs to be sprayed with a spraying agent before being sowed, so that the matrix is kept moist, the temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃, and the humidity in the matrix is kept at 70-80%; digging a pit with the depth of 1-3cm in the substrate, sowing the naturally cracked stock seeds with the opening facing downwards, and cultivating the seeds by adopting an aerosol spraying method after sowing; the formula of the spraying agent for aerosol spraying comprises: 40% of urea, 35% of potassium nitrate, 8% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 14% of magnesium sulfate, 2% of boric acid and 1% of zinc sulfate; 500kg of water is added into every 1kg of spraying agent;
(3) and (3) treating the rootstock: selecting golden passion fruit stock seedlings which are free of plant diseases and insect pests, have healthy growth conditions and are resistant to stem base rot, culturing to 90-100cm, cutting off the stock when the golden passion fruit stock seedlings grow to a height of 70-73cm, and removing all other lateral branches; sterilizing and disinfecting the rootstock by using 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid;
(4) selecting and grafting scions: selecting golden passion fruit plants which are free of diseases and insect pests, healthy in growth condition, high in yield and excellent in quality, selecting healthy seed buds which are full in bud points, dark green in leaf color and free of diseases and insect pests or passion fruit seedlings with the height of more than 5cm as scion seedlings, and grafting by adopting a cutting and grafting method; after the grafting survives, performing normal water and fertilizer management, and planting by using a conventional shed building frame; after grafting, a sterilizing agent (30% ethanol) is used for spraying the grafting opening, and then naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid which are respectively 1g and 1L are added with water, so that the grafting opening is sprayed; after grafting survival, spraying 250 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the whole tree;
(5) and (3) sterilization treatment after grafting: performing primary preservative treatment on the roots of the passion fruits 30 days after grafting and 60 days after grafting respectively, and spraying preservative agents on the roots of the passion fruits, wherein the stems are wet; the antiseptic agents such as the root-protecting agent, the carbendazim and the root rot agent are used in a ratio of 1:1: 3;
(6) and (3) management after grafting: adopting a conventional grafting planting management mode, when the branches bear fruits on the shed frame, hanging the branches bearing the fruits on the shed downwards, and cutting off the tops when 4-6 fruits bear on the branches; the fruit shed is ventilated, and sunlight shines downwards, so that fruits are prevented from being clamped in fruit leaves on the shed, the comprehensive utilization space is improved, and the utilization rate of a fruit shed frame is improved;
(7) pest control management: when the grafted fruit seedlings have aphids, 1500-2500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed for prevention and treatment; when the grafted fruit seedlings have brown spot and stem rot, the 30% hymexazol aqua is 600-1200 times of the grafted fruit seedlings; and adopting 1000 times of solution of the phosphorus 3 missible oil and 1000 times of solution of the sterilization solution to be mixed and sprayed.
When the high-position grafting planting method is adopted in a certain passion fruit garden on the left, the incidence rate of root rot is below 0.2%, the survival rate of grafted seedlings reaches above 99.8%, and the yield of passion fruit reaches 9 kilo to 1 kilo per mu. The rootstock has long survival period, is still strong and luxuriant after being planted for more than 3 years, and is not easy to die.
Example 2
A method for high-position grafting, breeding and planting passion fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock seeds: soaking seeds of golden fruit seedlings without mildew, diseases and insect pests in water for 28-30 hours, removing the seeds floating on the water, fishing out the rest seeds, flatly paving the seeds in a germination accelerating box with constant temperature and humidity, spraying 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid, and then accelerating germination to obtain naturally cracked seeds;
(2) seedling culture of the rootstock: the seedling bed adopts perlite matrix, the matrix is sprayed with aerial fog in advance, and the matrix needs to be sprayed with a spraying agent before being sowed, so that the matrix is kept moist, the temperature is kept at 30-32 ℃, and the humidity in the matrix is kept at 50-60%; digging a pit with the depth of 1-3cm in the substrate, sowing the naturally cracked stock seeds with the opening facing downwards, and cultivating the seeds by adopting an aerosol spraying method after sowing; the formula of the spraying agent for aerosol spraying comprises: 40% of urea, 35% of potassium nitrate, 8% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 14% of magnesium sulfate, 2% of boric acid and 1% of zinc sulfate; 500kg of water is added into every 1kg of spraying agent;
(3) and (3) treating the rootstock: selecting golden passion fruit stock seedlings which are free of plant diseases and insect pests, have healthy growth conditions and are resistant to stem base rot, culturing to 90-100cm, cutting off the stock when the golden passion fruit stock seedlings grow to 78-80cm high, and removing all other lateral branches; sterilizing and disinfecting the rootstock by using 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid;
(4) selecting and grafting scions: selecting a plectranthus andraeanum plant which is free of plant diseases and insect pests, healthy in growth condition, high in yield and excellent in quality, selecting a seed bud with plump bud points, dark green leaf color and healthy free of plant diseases and insect pests or a plectranthus andraeanum seedling with the height of more than 5cm as a scion seedling, and grafting by adopting a cutting and grafting method; after the grafting survives, performing normal water and fertilizer management, and planting by using a conventional shed building frame; after grafting, a sterilizing agent (0.1% peracetic acid) is used for spraying the grafting opening, and then 1L of naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid are respectively added with 1g of water to spray the grafting opening; after grafting survival, spraying 250 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the whole tree;
(5) and (3) sterilization treatment after grafting: performing primary preservative treatment on the roots of the passion fruits 30 days after grafting and 60 days after grafting respectively, and spraying preservative agents on the roots of the passion fruits, wherein the stems are wet; the antiseptic agents such as carbendazim, carbendazim and phloxine are used in a ratio of 1:1: 2;
(6) and (3) management after grafting: adopting a conventional grafting planting management mode, when the branches bear fruits on the shed frame, hanging the branches bearing the fruits on the shed downwards, and cutting off the tops when 4-6 fruits bear on the branches; the fruit shed is ventilated, and sunlight shines downwards, so that fruits are prevented from being clamped in fruit leaves on the shed, the comprehensive utilization space is improved, and the utilization rate of a fruit shed frame is improved;
(7) pest control management: when the grafted fruit seedlings have aphids, 1800 times of 1200-fold liquid of 4.5 percent of beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed for prevention and treatment; when the grafted fruit seedlings are found to have brown spot and stem rot, spraying 800-1700 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder; and adopting 1000 times of solution of the phosphorus 3 missible oil and 1000 times of solution of the sterilization solution to be mixed and sprayed.
When the high-position grafting planting method is adopted in a certain passion fruit garden of Nanning, the incidence rate of root rot is below 0.5%, the survival rate of grafted seedlings reaches above 99%, and the yield of passion fruit reaches 8-1 million. The rootstock has long survival period, is still strong and luxuriant after being planted for more than 3 years, and is not easy to die.
Example 3
A method for high-position grafting, breeding and planting passion fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock seeds: soaking seeds of golden fruit seedlings without mildew, diseases and insect pests in water for 25-28 hours, removing the seeds floating on the water, fishing out the rest seeds, flatly paving the seeds in a germination accelerating box with constant temperature and humidity, spraying 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid, and then accelerating germination to obtain naturally cracked seeds;
(2) seedling culture of the rootstock: the seedling bed adopts perlite matrix, the matrix is sprayed with aerial fog in advance, and the matrix needs to be sprayed with a spraying agent before being sowed, so that the matrix is kept moist, the temperature is kept at 28-30 ℃, and the humidity in the matrix is kept at 60-70%; digging a pit with the depth of 1-3cm in the substrate, sowing the naturally cracked stock seeds with the opening facing downwards, and cultivating the seeds by adopting an aerosol spraying method after sowing; the formula of the spraying agent for aerosol spraying comprises: 40% of urea, 35% of potassium nitrate, 8% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 14% of magnesium sulfate, 2% of boric acid and 1% of zinc sulfate; 500kg of water is added into every 1kg of spraying agent;
(3) and (3) treating the rootstock: selecting golden passion fruit stock seedlings which are free of plant diseases and insect pests, have healthy growth conditions and are resistant to stem base rot, culturing to 90-100cm, cutting off the stock when the golden passion fruit stock seedlings grow to 70-80cm high, and removing all other lateral branches; sterilizing and disinfecting the rootstock by using 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid;
(4) selecting and grafting scions: selecting a passion fruit plant with no plant diseases and insect pests, healthy growth condition, high yield and excellent quality, selecting a healthy seed bud with plump bud points, dark green leaf color and no plant diseases and insect pests or a passion fruit seedling with the height of more than 5cm as a scion seedling, and grafting by adopting a cutting and grafting method; after the grafting survives, performing normal water and fertilizer management, and planting by using a conventional shed building frame; after grafting, a sterilizing agent (20g/L glutaraldehyde) is used for spraying the grafting opening, and then 1L of naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid which are respectively added with 1g of water are used for spraying the grafting opening; after grafting survival, spraying 250 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the whole tree;
(5) and (3) sterilization treatment after grafting: performing primary preservative treatment on the roots of the passion fruits 30 days after grafting and 60 days after grafting respectively, and spraying preservative agents on the roots of the passion fruits, wherein the stems are wet; the antiseptic agent adopts carbendazim and rhizoctonia solani to be matched with each other at a ratio of 1:1: 2.5;
(6) and (3) management after grafting: adopting a conventional grafting planting management mode, when the branches bear fruits on the shed frame, hanging the branches bearing the fruits on the shed downwards, and cutting off the tops when 4-6 fruits bear on the branches; the fruit shed is ventilated, and sunlight shines downwards, so that fruits are prevented from being clamped in fruit leaves on the shed, the comprehensive utilization space is improved, and the utilization rate of a fruit shed frame is improved;
(7) pest control management: when the grafted fruit seedlings have aphids, 1500-2500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed for prevention and treatment; when the grafted fruit seedlings are found to have brown spot and stem rot, 1000-1500 times of solution of 75% thiophanate methyl wettable powder is sprayed; and adopting 1000 times of solution of the phosphorus 3 missible oil and 1000 times of solution of the sterilization solution to be mixed and sprayed.
By adopting the high-position grafting planting method of the invention in a certain passion fruit garden in Liuzhou, the incidence rate of root rot is below 0.5%, the survival rate of grafted seedlings reaches above 97%, and the yield of passion fruit reaches 8-9 jack per mu. The rootstock has long survival period, is still strong and luxuriant after being planted for more than 3 years, and is not easy to die.
Example 4
A method for high-position grafting, breeding and planting passion fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock seeds: soaking seeds of golden fruit seedlings without mildew, diseases and insect pests in water for 20-30 hours, removing the seeds floating on the water, fishing out the rest seeds, flatly paving the seeds in a germination accelerating box with constant temperature and humidity, spraying 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid, and then accelerating germination to obtain naturally cracked seeds;
(2) seedling culture of the rootstock: the seedling bed adopts perlite matrix, the matrix is sprayed with aerial fog in advance, and the matrix needs to be sprayed with a spraying agent before being sowed, so that the matrix is kept moist, the temperature is kept at 28-32 ℃, and the humidity in the matrix is kept at 65-80%; digging a pit with the depth of 1-3cm in the substrate, sowing the naturally cracked stock seeds with the opening facing downwards, and cultivating the seeds by adopting an aerosol spraying method after sowing; the formula of the spraying agent for aerosol spraying comprises: 40% of urea, 35% of potassium nitrate, 8% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 14% of magnesium sulfate, 2% of boric acid and 1% of zinc sulfate; 500kg of water is added into every 1kg of spraying agent;
(3) and (3) treating the rootstock: selecting golden passion fruit stock seedlings which are free of plant diseases and insect pests, have healthy growth conditions and are resistant to stem base rot, culturing to 90-100cm, cutting off the stock when the golden passion fruit stock seedlings grow to 73-76cm high, and removing all other lateral branches; sterilizing and disinfecting the rootstock by using 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid;
(4) selecting and grafting scions: selecting a Tainong passion fruit plant with no plant diseases and insect pests, healthy growth condition, high yield and excellent quality, selecting a healthy seed bud with plump bud points, dark green leaf color and no plant diseases and insect pests or a passion fruit seedling with the height of more than 5cm as a scion seedling, and grafting by adopting a cutting and grafting method; after the grafting survives, performing normal water and fertilizer management, and planting by using a conventional shed building frame; after grafting, a sterilizing agent (30% ethanol) is used for spraying the grafting opening, and then naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid which are respectively 1g and 1L are added with water, so that the grafting opening is sprayed; after grafting survival, spraying 250 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the whole tree;
(5) and (3) sterilization treatment after grafting: performing primary preservative treatment on the roots of the passion fruits 30 days after grafting and 60 days after grafting respectively, and spraying preservative agents on the roots of the passion fruits, wherein the stems are wet; the antiseptic agent adopts the root-protecting agent and the carbendazim in a ratio of 1:1 for matching use;
(6) and (3) management after grafting: adopting a conventional grafting planting management mode, when the branches bear fruits on the shed frame, hanging the branches bearing the fruits on the shed downwards, and cutting off the tops when 4-6 fruits bear on the branches; the fruit shed is ventilated, and sunlight shines downwards, so that fruits are prevented from being clamped in fruit leaves on the shed, the comprehensive utilization space is improved, and the utilization rate of a fruit shed frame is improved;
(7) pest control management: when the grafted fruit seedlings have aphids, 1800 times of 1200-fold liquid of 4.5 percent of beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed for prevention and treatment; when the grafted fruit seedlings are found to have brown spot and stem rot, spraying 800-1700 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder; and adopting 1000 times of solution of the phosphorus 3 missible oil and 1000 times of solution of the sterilization solution to be mixed and sprayed.
When the high-position grafting planting method is adopted in a certain passion fruit garden on the left, the incidence rate of root rot is below 0.8%, the survival rate of grafted seedlings reaches above 98%, and the yield of passion fruit reaches 7-8 jack per mu. The rootstock has long survival period, is still strong and luxuriant after being planted for more than 3 years, and is not easy to die.
Example 5
A method for high-position grafting, breeding and planting passion fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock seeds: soaking seeds of golden fruit seedlings without mildew, diseases and insect pests in water for 20-25 hours, removing the seeds floating on the water, fishing out the rest seeds, flatly paving the seeds in a germination accelerating box with constant temperature and humidity, spraying 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid, and then accelerating germination to obtain naturally cracked seeds;
(2) seedling culture of the rootstock: the seedling bed adopts perlite matrix, the matrix is sprayed with aerial fog in advance, and the matrix needs to be sprayed with a spraying agent before being sowed, so that the matrix is kept moist, the temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃, and the humidity in the matrix is kept at 70-80%; digging a pit with the depth of 1-3cm in the substrate, sowing the naturally cracked stock seeds with the opening facing downwards, and cultivating the seeds by adopting an aerosol spraying method after sowing; the formula of the spraying agent for aerosol spraying comprises: 40% of urea, 35% of potassium nitrate, 8% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 14% of magnesium sulfate, 2% of boric acid and 1% of zinc sulfate; 500kg of water is added into every 1kg of spraying agent;
(3) and (3) treating the rootstock: selecting golden passion fruit stock seedlings which are free of plant diseases and insect pests, have healthy growth conditions and are resistant to stem base rot, culturing to 90-100cm, cutting off the stock when the golden passion fruit stock seedlings grow to a height of 70-73cm, and removing all other lateral branches; sterilizing and disinfecting the rootstock by using 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid;
(4) selecting and grafting scions: selecting golden passion fruit plants which are free of diseases and insect pests, healthy in growth condition, high in yield and excellent in quality, selecting healthy seed buds which are full in bud points, dark green in leaf color and free of diseases and insect pests or passion fruit seedlings with the height of more than 5cm as scion seedlings, and grafting by adopting a cutting and grafting method; after the grafting survives, performing normal water and fertilizer management, and planting by using a conventional shed building frame; after grafting, a sterilizing agent (30% ethanol) is used for spraying the grafting opening, and then naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid which are respectively 1g and 1L are added with water, so that the grafting opening is sprayed; after grafting survival, spraying 250 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the whole tree;
(5) and (3) sterilization treatment after grafting: performing primary preservative treatment on the roots of the passion fruits 30 days after grafting and 60 days after grafting respectively, and spraying preservative agents on the roots of the passion fruits, wherein the stems are wet; the antiseptic is rhizophanine;
(6) and (3) management after grafting: adopting a conventional grafting planting management mode, when the branches bear fruits on the shed frame, hanging the branches bearing the fruits on the shed downwards, and cutting off the tops when 4-6 fruits bear on the branches; the fruit shed is ventilated, and sunlight shines downwards, so that fruits are prevented from being clamped in fruit leaves on the shed, the comprehensive utilization space is improved, and the utilization rate of a fruit shed frame is improved;
(7) pest control management: when aphids appear on grafted fruit seedlings, 1500-2500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 1200-1800 times of liquid of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed for prevention and control; when the grafted fruit seedlings are found to have brown spot and stem rot, 1000-1500 times of solution of 75% thiophanate methyl wettable powder is sprayed; and adopting 1000 times of solution of the phosphorus 3 missible oil and 1000 times of solution of the sterilization solution to be mixed and sprayed.
When the high-position grafting planting method is adopted in a certain passion fruit garden on the left, the incidence rate of root rot is below 2%, the survival rate of grafted seedlings reaches above 95%, and the yield of passion fruit per mu reaches 6-8 jack. The rootstock has long survival period, is still strong and luxuriant after being planted for more than 3 years, and is not easy to die.
The invention can replace antiseptic medicament with the root-protecting medicament or the carbendazim.
Claims (9)
1. A method for high-position grafting, breeding and planting passion fruit is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock seeds: soaking seeds of golden fruit seedlings without mildew, diseases and insect pests in water for 20-30 hours, removing the seeds floating on the water, fishing out the rest seeds, flatly paving the seeds in a germination accelerating box with constant temperature and humidity, spraying 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid, and then accelerating germination to obtain naturally cracked seeds;
(2) seedling culture of the rootstock: the seedling bed adopts perlite matrix, and the perlite matrix is sprayed with aerial fog in advance to keep the humidity in the matrix at 50-80%; digging a pit with the depth of 1-3cm in the substrate, sowing the naturally cracked stock seeds with the opening facing downwards, and cultivating the seeds by adopting an aerosol spraying method after sowing; the formula of the spraying agent for aerosol spraying in the step (2) is as follows: 40% of urea, 35% of potassium nitrate, 8% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 14% of magnesium sulfate, 2% of boric acid and 1% of zinc sulfate; 500kg of water is added into every 1kg of spraying agent;
(3) and (3) treating the rootstock: selecting golden passion fruit stock seedlings which are free of plant diseases and insect pests and healthy in growth condition, culturing to 90-100cm, cutting off the stock at the height of 70-80cm, and removing all other lateral branches; sterilizing and disinfecting the rootstock by using 800-1000 times of methyl mop body fluid;
(4) selecting and grafting scions: selecting passion fruit plants which are free of diseases and insect pests, healthy in growth condition, high in yield and excellent in quality, selecting passion fruit branches which are full in bud points, dark green in leaf color, healthy and free of diseases and insect pests and have two bud points and the length of which is more than 5cm, taking the passion fruit branches as scions, and grafting by adopting a cutting and grafting method; after the grafting survives, performing normal water and fertilizer management, and planting by using a conventional shed building frame;
(5) and (3) sterilization treatment after grafting: performing primary preservative treatment on the roots of the passion fruits 30 days after grafting and 60 days after grafting respectively, and spraying preservative agents on the roots of the passion fruits, wherein the stems are wet;
(6) planting management after grafting: adopting a conventional grafting planting management mode, when the branches bear fruits on the shed frame, dragging the branches bearing the fruits on the shed to enable the branches to be hung downwards, and cutting off the tops when 4-6 fruits bear on the branches; the fruit shed is ventilated, and sunlight shines downwards, so that fruits are prevented from being clamped in fruit leaves on the shed, the comprehensive utilization space is improved, and the utilization rate of a fruit shed frame is improved;
(7) pest control management: when aphids appear on grafted fruit seedlings, 1500-2500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 1200-1800 times of liquid of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed for prevention and control; when the grafted fruit seedlings have brown spot and stem rot, spraying 1000-1500 times of 75% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 600-1200 times of 30% hymexazol water solution or 800-1700 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder; and adopting 1000 times of solution of the phosphorus 3 missible oil and 1000 times of solution of the sterilization solution to be mixed and sprayed.
2. The passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the matrix needs to be subjected to pre-spraying treatment by using a spraying agent before sowing, so that the matrix is kept moist.
3. The passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the humidity of the matrix needs to be kept above 80% after sowing.
4. The passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the temperature in the step (2) is kept at 25-32 ℃.
5. The passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (4) selecting the golden fruit seedlings with stem rot resistance as the rootstocks in the step (3).
6. The passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (4) after grafting, spraying a grafting opening with a sterilizing agent, and then spraying the grafting opening with 1L of each 1g of naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid mixed with 1L of water.
7. The passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (4) after the grafting survives, spraying 250 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the whole tree.
8. The passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the antiseptic agent for antiseptic treatment in the step (5) is one or more of carbendazim, carbendazim and phloroglucinol.
9. The passion fruit high-position grafting breeding and planting method according to claim 8, characterized by comprising the following steps: the preservative agent for preservative treatment in the step (5) is prepared by using the root-protecting agent, the carbendazim and the rhizoctonia root-rot agent in a ratio of 1:1: 2-3.
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| CN110024632A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of passion fruit growth promotion increases yield and promotes the cultural method of quality |
| CN110754235A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-position grafting and cultivating method for passion flower in field |
| CN111527900A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-14 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Double-root-cutting grafting seedling method for passion fruits |
| CN112514743A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving breeding efficiency of passion fruit |
| CN114616992B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-03-15 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | High-grafting head-changing method for passion fruits and application of high-grafting head-changing method in character screening |
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| CN101953274B (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-03-14 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for performing high position grafting on grapes by using multiresistant rootstocks |
| CN104542152A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-29 | 贵州台金农业技术开发有限责任公司 | Passion fruit planting method |
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