CN101507412A - Seed selection method of fruit tree of new species - Google Patents
Seed selection method of fruit tree of new species Download PDFInfo
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- CN101507412A CN101507412A CNA2009100364083A CN200910036408A CN101507412A CN 101507412 A CN101507412 A CN 101507412A CN A2009100364083 A CNA2009100364083 A CN A2009100364083A CN 200910036408 A CN200910036408 A CN 200910036408A CN 101507412 A CN101507412 A CN 101507412A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding a new variety of a fruit tree, which at least comprises the following steps: a, taking an old fruit tree as a stock tree, and preparing branches of the fruit tree to be bred as scions; b, grafting the branches in high density at high positions to branches of the stock tree; c, performing forcing culture management on the stock tree grafted with the scions; d, after appearance of fruits, analyzing the quality of the fruits and performing comparison of growing development and economical characters of the branches; and e, according to results of the analysis and comparison, breeding the good scion branches growing high-quality fruits and screening good plant and branch lines to breed the new variety according to the breeding target. The method can effectively shorten the period for breeding the variety of the fruit tree, and reduce orchard area required by breeding the variety of the fruit tree, manpower and physical resources consumed by breeding the variety of the fruit tree, and cost and risk for breeding the variety of the fruit tree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seed selection method of fruit tree of new species.
Background technology
The kind of fruit tree has conclusive effect to the sustainable development of fruit industry, in the fruit variety seed selection, though can adopt methods such as gene analysis that the Part Traits of fruit tree is analyzed before the fruit tree result, the value of fruit variety depends on the aspects such as quality and yield, resistance and diseases and insect pests resistance of its fruit after all; If the mode of the conventional seed selection of employing, fruit tree grows up until the result from seedling, needs the long virgin phase, causes fruit tree product tree seed selection cycle length and expends lot of manpower and material resources; After fruit tree grew up, its tree crown area was big, and each strain fruit tree need take a very big zone, so adopt existing fruit tree seed selection mode, needed the bigger orchard of a slice; This shows, adopt traditional fruit variety seed selection mode, have following deficiency:
1, the breed breeding cycle is long;
2, because the cycle is long, when breed breeding, can expend great amount of manpower and material resources;
3, required orchard area is big;
4, required investment is big during the fruit tree seed selection, the risk height.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of seed selection method of fruit tree of new species, the present invention can effectively shorten the fruit variety seed selection cycle, reduce the required orchard area of fruit variety seed selection, reduce fruit variety manpower that seed selection consumes and material resources, reduced the cost and the risk of fruit variety seed selection.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of seed selection method of fruit tree of new species, this method comprises the steps: at least
A, set as stock, prepare to treat the fruit tree branch row culture scion of seed selection with above the average age for marriage fruit tree;
B, with the big density of scion, high position grafting on the branch of stock tree;
C, to grafting the stock tree of scion carry out the forcing culture management;
D, treat after the scion result, the quality of fruit is analyzed and carried out that shoot growth is grown and the comparison of economical character;
E, according to analyzing result relatively, the good scion branch of bearing high-quality fruits is advanced to expand row expands numerously, and cultivate according to breeding objective screening elite plant branch system and to become new varieties.
Fruit-tree grafting has been general technology, but existing fruit-tree grafting generally is that scion is grafted on the trunk or limb of stock tree, and the grafting number of every strain stock tree is less.The present invention is big density high position grafting, and the fruit tree branch that is about to treat seed selection grafts on the higher position of branch of stock tree; Grafting density height can a lot of scion of a grafting on strain stock tree, can significantly improve availability to the orchard by the method for the invention, and it is few to take orchard area.On the other hand, owing to select above the average age for marriage stock tree for use, the time from the grafting to result also significantly shortens; In brief, the present invention can shorten the fruit tree seed selection and take time, and can significantly reduce the investment risk of breeding of new variety.
Further improvement of the present invention is:
The source of described scion can be one of following four kinds of modes: screen from the wild fruit tree kind, screen from the variation of the kind that cultivates apple trees, screen from the filial generation of fruit variety, screen from the induced mutations branch.
In aforementioned a step, prepare to treat the fruit tree branch row culture scion of seed selection, before grafting, described scion can be stored in the refrigerator of-5 ℃ to 10 ℃ (preferred storage temperature is 0 ℃ to 4 ℃) standby.
In described c step, need heavy dressing fertilizer, in time remove the sprout tillers on the stock tree, and in time remove un-inoculated newborn branch; Remove the newborn branch of sprout tillers and non-grafting, can avoid the nutrient on the stock tree to be absorbed, so that the nutrient of abundance is provided for scion by sprout tillers and the newborn branch of non-grafting.
The grafting method of existing fruit tree is directly scion to be grafted on the trunk or Zhi Gan of stock tree, the individual grafting number is less, and the present invention's employing is big density high position grafting mode, be about on the higher position of branch that scion grafts in the stock tree, the fruit tree of described stock tree for yielding positive results continuously for many years, the anvil branch of described stock tree is 1 to 2 year living branch, in aforementioned b step, the described scion that the described stock tree of every strain goes up grafting is more than 20, even can reach more than 100, the scion number that can transfer on certain strain stock tree is many more, helps reducing land resources and manpower and material resources consumption more.
Embodiment
To select kiwi fruit in the present embodiment for use be example describes the selection of fruit variety:
A kind of kiwi fruit fruit tree breeding of new variety method, this method comprises the steps: at least
A, be that above the average age for marriage kiwi fruit fruit tree more than 10 years is set as stock, prepare to treat the kiwi fruit branch row culture scion of seed selection, and scion is stored in 0 ℃ to 4 ℃ the refrigerator standby with the age of tree;
B, with the big density of scion, high position grafting on 1 to 2 year livings anvil branch of above the average age for marriage stock tree, the scion of grafting is no less than 50 to 100 on every strain stock tree;
C, to grafting the stock tree of scion carry out the forcing culture management, heavy dressing muck (base manure) and composite fertilizer's (topdressing) in time remove the sprout tillers on the stock tree, and in time remove un-inoculated newborn branch, in the high temperature time in time to the blade face watering in case young leaves burn;
D, treat after the scion result, the quality of fruit (as the vitamin content of fruit, soluble solid content, sugar content, water content etc.) is analyzed, and the shoot growth development condition is compared;
E, according to analyzing result relatively, the good scion branch of bearing high-quality fruits is advanced to expand row expands numerously, and cultivate according to breeding objective screening elite plant branch system and to become new varieties.
The source of described scion can be one of following four kinds of modes: screen from the wild fruit tree kind, screen from the variation of the kind that cultivates apple trees, screen from the filial generation of fruit variety, screen from the induced mutations branch.
Grafting time generally is selected in the January of annual November to next year, adopts simple bud sheet pith-cambium grafting method during grafting.Need scion is grafted on 1 to 2 year living branch of stock tree.
The advantage of present embodiment is:
1, kiwi fruit fruit tree breed breeding is taken time few, the real seedling branch of non-hibernating eggs was behind big density, high position grafting in 1 year, can after 1 year, yield positive results, the branch of yielding positive results accounts for 30% to 40% of total grafting twig, shortened the fruit variety seed selection cycle greatly, can also early inappropriate fruit variety rejected out;
2, because the cycle significantly shortens, manpower and material resources input in the breed breeding process have been reduced;
3, on strain stock tree, can a grafting reach 40 scion, even can reach 100 scion, treat can analyze it respectively after the result, the availability height, the area that takies the orchard is little.
Present embodiment only describes as the example fruit variety with kiwi fruit, certainly this method also is applicable to the seed selection of other fruit variety, in the seed selection process of other fruit variety, be the survival rate of assurance scion and the effect of breed breeding, answer emphasis giving more attentions in the following areas:
1, should select the bigger fruit tree of the age of tree to set, select the fruit tree that yields positive results more than 5 years as far as possible for use as stock, better more than 10 years;
2, at different fruit varieties, select its suitable grafting weather, as, avoid the fruit tree bleeding phase to carry out grafting, avoid high temperature and rainy grafting in season;
3, after fruit-tree grafting branch healing, sever the grafting film so that the branch continued growth, after the grafting in three months as meet high temperature and strong sunshine weather need handle to the scion spray cooling;
4, carry out the forcing culture management after the grafting.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of seed selection method of fruit tree of new species is characterized in that, this method comprises the steps: at least
A, set as stock, prepare to treat the fruit tree branch row culture scion of seed selection with above the average age for marriage fruit tree;
B, with the big density of scion, high position grafting on the branch of stock tree;
C, to grafting the stock tree of scion carry out the forcing culture management;
D, treat after the scion result, the quality of fruit is analyzed and carried out that shoot growth is grown and the comparison of economical character;
E, according to analyzing result relatively, the good scion branch of bearing high-quality fruits is expanded numerous, and cultivate according to breeding objective screening elite plant branch system and to become new varieties.
2, seed selection method of fruit tree of new species according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in aforementioned a step, the source of described scion can be one of following four kinds of modes: screen from the wild fruit tree kind, screen from the variation of the kind that cultivates apple trees, screen from the filial generation of fruit variety, screen from the induced mutations branch.
3, seed selection method of fruit tree of new species according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in aforementioned a step, prepares to treat the fruit tree branch row culture scion of seed selection, before grafting, described scion can be stored in-5 ℃ standby to 10 ℃ the refrigerator.
4, seed selection method of fruit tree of new species according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in described c step, needs heavy dressing fertilizer, in time removes the sprout tillers on the stock tree, and in time removes un-inoculated newborn branch.
5, as seed selection method of fruit tree of new species as described in each in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, the fruit tree of described stock tree for yielding positive results continuously for many years, the anvil branch of described stock tree is 1 to 2 year living branch, in aforementioned b step, the described scion that the described stock tree of every strain goes up grafting is more than 20.
6, as seed selection method of fruit tree of new species as described in each in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described scion is a kiwi fruit branch bar, described stock tree is the above the average age for marriage fruit tree of kiwi fruit.
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| CNA2009100364083A CN101507412A (en) | 2009-01-04 | 2009-01-04 | Seed selection method of fruit tree of new species |
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| CNA2009100364083A CN101507412A (en) | 2009-01-04 | 2009-01-04 | Seed selection method of fruit tree of new species |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102994545A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-03-27 | 吉首大学 | Breeding method of storage-resistant kiwi fruit new variety |
| CN103202187A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-17 | 吴世盘 | Method for propagating citrus and pomelo seedlings resistant to citrus greening disease by chemical mutagenesis |
| CN103704088A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 章诗成 | Method for improving quality of kiwifruits |
| CN104285745A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-01-21 | 铁岭市林业科学研究院 | Method for selectively breeding corylus heterophylla fisch |
| CN105875336A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-24 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | Method for increasing fruit nursery stock grafting survival rate and uniformity degree |
| CN105993615A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-10-12 | 奉节县开八生态农业发展有限公司 | Peach grafting method |
| CN107535205A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 陆川县英平畜牧业有限责任公司 | Muskmelon grafting bottle gourd method |
| CN108848991A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of breeding of passion fruit high position grafting and implantation methods |
| CN110558135A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-13 | 东莞植物园 | method for constructing improved litchi variety cutting orchard by using aged litchi orchard |
| CN113079841A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-09 | 菏泽市十样锦绿化工程有限公司 | Cultivation method of nine-color peony |
| CN113557903A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-29 | 杨凤考 | Method for cultivating late-maturing kiwi fruit variety with stripes and with cold resistance and low sugar and fruit fragrance |
| CN114616992A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-14 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Passion fruit top grafting and head changing method and application thereof in character screening |
| CN116114520A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-05-16 | 承德医学院 | Fruit mulberry variety comparison method |
-
2009
- 2009-01-04 CN CNA2009100364083A patent/CN101507412A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103704088A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 章诗成 | Method for improving quality of kiwifruits |
| CN102994545A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-03-27 | 吉首大学 | Breeding method of storage-resistant kiwi fruit new variety |
| CN103202187A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-17 | 吴世盘 | Method for propagating citrus and pomelo seedlings resistant to citrus greening disease by chemical mutagenesis |
| CN104285745A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-01-21 | 铁岭市林业科学研究院 | Method for selectively breeding corylus heterophylla fisch |
| CN105993615A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-10-12 | 奉节县开八生态农业发展有限公司 | Peach grafting method |
| CN105875336A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-24 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | Method for increasing fruit nursery stock grafting survival rate and uniformity degree |
| CN107535205A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 陆川县英平畜牧业有限责任公司 | Muskmelon grafting bottle gourd method |
| CN108848991A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of breeding of passion fruit high position grafting and implantation methods |
| CN110558135A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-13 | 东莞植物园 | method for constructing improved litchi variety cutting orchard by using aged litchi orchard |
| CN113079841A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-09 | 菏泽市十样锦绿化工程有限公司 | Cultivation method of nine-color peony |
| CN113557903A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-29 | 杨凤考 | Method for cultivating late-maturing kiwi fruit variety with stripes and with cold resistance and low sugar and fruit fragrance |
| CN113557903B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-01-10 | 杨凤考 | Method for cultivating late-maturing kiwi fruit variety with stripes and with cold resistance and low sugar and fruit fragrance |
| CN114616992A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-14 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Passion fruit top grafting and head changing method and application thereof in character screening |
| CN114616992B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-03-15 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | High-grafting head-changing method for passion fruits and application of high-grafting head-changing method in character screening |
| CN116114520A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-05-16 | 承德医学院 | Fruit mulberry variety comparison method |
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Application publication date: 20090819 |