CN110352767B - Method for increasing yield of sugar oranges - Google Patents
Method for increasing yield of sugar oranges Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/58—1,2-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the yield of sugar oranges, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method for improving the yield of the sugar oranges comprises the following steps: step 1: fertilizing; step 1.2: stabilizing the fruit fertilizer; step 1.3: summer fertilizer; step 1.4: fruit picking fertilizer; step 2: spraying a pesticide to protect flowers; and step 3: performing cerclage; and 4, step 4: the tip is controlled to prevent falling; and 5: and (5) nutrient swelling fruits. The invention improves the aspects of fertilizing, spraying and protecting flowers, cerclage and protecting fruits, controlling tips and preventing falling and nourishing and expanding fruits, greatly improves the fruit quality and quality of the sugar oranges and greatly improves the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the yield of sugar oranges, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting.
Background
Sugar orange, also known as October orange. Originally produced in Zhaoqing, Huangtian Zhensha village, Sihui, thus obtaining the name sugar orange. It contains rich vitamin C, calcium, cellulose, a small amount of protein and fat, rich glucose, fructose, sucrose, malic acid, citric acid, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and other elements necessary for human body, and has the effects of regulating qi-flowing, resolving phlegm, moistening lung, clearing intestine, replenishing blood and invigorating spleen.
The key period of fruit preservation of the sugar oranges is 4-5 months per year, and the period is that young fruit growth, root growth and summer shoot germination are carried out simultaneously. At this time, a large nutrient supply is required, and fruit drop can occur if the young fruits do not receive sufficient nutrients. The massive germination and growth of the summer shoots cause the competition of fertilizer between new shoots and young fruits, which leads to the aggravation of fruit drop, sharp reduction of yield and even no yield all the year round. In production, in order to control the germination and growth of summer shoots and ensure the fruit setting rate and yield of the sugar oranges, a technique of girdling or girdling a trunk (branch) of the oranges is generally adopted.
Girdling or girdling, which aims to trap nutrient substances of tree photosynthetic products in the overground part of the tree body and cut off the supply of the nutrient substances to roots, so that the roots are temporarily lack of nutrient. The girdling is generally to use a No. 0 knife or a No. 2 knife to girdling the trunk or the branch (called girdling by the No. 2 knife), the use of the No. 0 knife is troublesome, the girdling needs to be carried out for 2-4 times, and the No. 2 knife is convenient and only needs to be carried out once. The girdling or girdling needs higher operation level, and the tree body is easy to be yellowed and reduced, so a series of oxidation resistance reactions in the citrus leaves are initiated, and the oxidation degree of membrane lipid is aggravated.
In view of the above, there is a need to develop a new method for increasing the yield of sugar oranges to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for improving the yield of sugar oranges. The invention improves the aspects of fertilizing, spraying and protecting flowers, cerclage and protecting fruits, controlling tips and preventing falling and nourishing and expanding fruits, greatly improves the fruit quality and quality of the sugar oranges and greatly improves the yield.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for improving the yield of sugar oranges comprises the following steps:
step 1: fertilizing
Step 1.1: sprouting fertilizer
Applying germination fertilizer 10d-15d before spring shoots of granulated sugar orange trees germinate, namely applying 0.15kg-0.5kg of urea and 0.15kg-0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant; when more than 20% of flower buds are exposed, 0.15kg-0.5kg of calcium ammonium nitrate is applied to each plant;
step 1.2: fruit stabilizing fertilizer
In the middle and late days of 5 months, applying stable fruit fertilizer, namely the ratio of leaves to fruits is (20-30): 1, applying 0.25kg-0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant of the granulated sugar orange trees; for the orange trees with the ratio of leaves to fruits (40-60) to 1 or the first bearing trees, 500ml-1000ml of monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer 500 times liquid is sprayed on each tree;
step 1.3: summer fertilizer
Applying summer fertilizer from the middle 7 th to the upper 8 th of the month, namely applying 3kg to 5kg of thoroughly decomposed bran fertilizer, 0.2kg to 0.3kg of urea and 0.25kg to 0.5kg of potassium sulfate to each plant;
step 1.4: fruit picking fertilizer
Spraying clear water 7d-10d after harvesting, and then applying 3kg-5kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5kg-1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each plant;
step 2: spraying flower protection
When the amount of the withered flowers reaches 80-90 percent and spring shoots are self-sheared and aged, 500ml-1500ml of gibberellin 1500-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 3 percent, 500ml-1500ml of brassinolide 2000-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 0.01 percent, 500ml-1500ml of monopotassium phosphate 500-fold liquid and 500ml-1500ml of boron fertilizer 1000-fold liquid are sprayed on each plant, and the plants are sprayed again after 15d-20 d;
and step 3: cerclage binding
From the spring tip period to the bud period, performing ring binding on 1-3 rings at a position 10-300 mm above a trunk grafting opening of a granulated sugar orange tree and/or a position 10-300 mm above a secondary branch opening by using a ring binding tool; removing cerclage in 8 months-3 months in the next year;
and 4, step 4: tip control anti-falling device
The tip is controlled to prevent falling in one of the following three ways: in the last ten days of 5 months, when the early summer shoots begin to sprout, 500ml of 400-fold liquid of the maleic hydrazide with the mass percent of 30.2% and 500ml of 500-fold liquid of the paclobutrazol with the mass percent of 25% are sprayed, and the spraying is carried out for the second time after 20 days to 25 days; or when the young shoots grow to 0.8-1.2 cm, spraying 1500 times of oxyfluorfen 1250-containing liquid with the mass percent of 6% on the leaf surfaces for one time; or performing artificial tip wiping from late 5 months to early 7 months;
and 5: nutritious puffed fruit
After the second fruit preservation, adding a fruit stabilizing fertilizer once, and the method is the same as the step 1.2;
spraying 5000 times of solution of sodium nitrophenolate and 500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the mass percent of 1.8% on leaf surfaces from the middle ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 7 months for 2-3 times.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
gibberellin in plants mainly comes from young leaves at the top of the young shoots of fruit trees and seeds developing in fruits, and the concentration of gibberellin determines whether fruit stalk abscission layers are generated or not, so that the quantity of first and second physiological fruit drops is determined. However, sugar oranges have low hormone levels in vivo due to few or no kernels, and are very easy to flower and drop compared with varieties with kernels (such as Or citrus), so that the sugar oranges have specificity in field management.
Through a large number of long-term experiments, the inventor of the application improves the aspects of fertilizing, spraying and protecting flowers, performing ring binding and protecting fruits, controlling tips and preventing falling and performing nutritional fruit swelling, and can effectively improve the yield of sugar oranges. The method comprises the following specific steps:
first, the fertilization management is started. The fertilization principle of the sugar oranges is less spring, heavy summer and tonifying winter, and the fertilization times of adult trees in the whole year are 2-4. After the fruit bearing period, reasonable fertilization is carried out according to the growth rule of the citrus so as to ensure the requirements of each period on fertilizers. In the step 1.1, the germination fertilizer aims to promote the spring shoots to grow healthily and tidily, ensure the normal development of floral organs and reduce flower and fruit drops. In the step 1.2, the citrus is subjected to spring shoot extraction, and after flowering, flower falling and first physiological fruit dropping, a large amount of nutrients are consumed, and at the moment, a fruit stabilizing fertilizer needs to be applied. In the step 1.3, summer fertilizer is the key point of annual fertilization, the summer fertilizer accounts for 40-50% of the annual fertilization amount, at the moment, fruits rapidly expand, the fertilizer absorption capacity of root systems is strong, the fertilizer utilization rate is high, and the effects of remarkably strengthening fruits and promoting growth of autumn tips are achieved by combining drought resisting and irrigation, and the quality can be effectively improved. At the moment, if the fertilizer is applied in high-temperature and drought seasons, the fertilizer can be mixed with humic acid for water application. The fertilizer is applied before and after raining without irrigation conditions so as to avoid fertilizer damage. In the step 1.4, the fruit picking fertilizer is applied properly after fruit picking, which can promote the tree vigor recovery and flower bud differentiation, increase the storage nutrition of the tree body and improve the overwintering capability. At this time, strip-shaped furrow fertilization can be adopted.
Secondly, the key time of preserving flowers and fruits of the sugar oranges is 4-6 months, and the most important management time is also the most important management time for harvesting in one year, and the time is the key time for two physiological fruit dropping, which can cause more than 90% of fruit dropping. At the moment, four measures of spraying flowers and protecting flowers, environment-friendly cutting and protecting fruits, controlling tips and preventing falling and nutrition and fruit swelling are carried out, otherwise, the annual yield is not guaranteed. The sugar orange has low hormone level in vivo due to few or no kernels, is easy to flower and drop fruit compared with a nucleated variety (such as Or citrus), when exogenous hormone is supplemented, the young fruit needs sufficient nutrition for growth, but the growth process of the fruit, the young fruit and the root is full of contradictions, the capability of the young fruit for absorbing the nutrition is the weakest among the three, the nutrition supply of the new tip and the root is required to be reduced or temporarily stopped for ensuring the growth of the young fruit, a tip control combined girdling or girdling method is generally adopted in production, but the main girdling easily causes tree yellowing and foot rot. The inventor of the application performs the cerclage by a cerclage tool at the position 10mm-300mm above the grafting opening of the main stem of the sugar orange and/or 10mm-300mm above the branch opening of the secondary branch stem, so that the nutrient manufactured by the leaves is temporarily limited at the position above the cerclage opening and can not be conveyed downwards, namely, the nutrient supply of young fruits is increased, the nutrient supply of roots is reduced, and the growth of summer tips is correspondingly controlled. Firstly, compared with girdling and girdling, the cerclage is more labor-saving and labor-saving, and the working efficiency is greatly improved. And secondly, the cerclage is safer, and the problem of infection of pathogenic bacteria can be avoided without a wound, so that the foot rot is avoided. Thirdly, because the nutrient transportation channel of the fruit tree is not physically cut off, the limitation of the cerclage on the nutrients is a gradual process, the nutrients are not completely cut off and are not conveyed to the root, the root can always obtain the nutrients supplied by the tree body, and the tree body is not weakened and yellowed due to lack of the nutrients, so that the cerclage and the cerclage are safer than the cerclage and the cerclage.
In conclusion, through the steps, the method greatly improves the fruit quality and quality of the sugar oranges, the sugar oranges are uniform in fruit bearing, the fruit shapes, the sizes and the maturity are consistent, the big pulp is sweet, and the selling taste is good; and secondly, the yield is greatly improved, the average plant yield is improved by 93.48 percent compared with a blank control, and the average plant yield is improved by 4.56 percent compared with one girdling step.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in step 1.1 and step 1.2, in the balanced compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15%, the total nutrient content is not less than 45%, or the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 16%, and the total nutrient content is not less than 48%.
The balanced compound fertilizer can be purchased from cigarette market, such as agricultural production data science and technology limited company with the product name of Shima compound fertilizer; or from Schofeng chemical company Limited under the name of Schofeng compound fertilizer nitrothio.
Further, in the step 1.3, the decomposed bran fertilizer is obtained by taking rapeseed bran or peanut bran and fermenting and decomposing the rapeseed bran or the peanut bran.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the adoption of the thoroughly decomposed bran fertilizer can promote the fruit expansion period to be ended as early as possible, and is beneficial to the accumulation of sugar, thereby improving the fruit quality.
Further, in the step 1.3, 3kg-5kg of the decomposed bran fertilizer is replaced by 30kg-50kg of human and animal manure or 5kg-10kg of organic fertilizer; 0.25kg-0.5kg of potassium sulfate is replaced by 0.5kg-1kg of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer.
Furthermore, in the organic fertilizer, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, and the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5%.
The further beneficial effects of the adoption are as follows: by adopting the organic fertilizer, the fertility of cultivated land can be effectively improved, the soil fertilizer supply environment can be improved, and the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved. The main raw materials of the organic fertilizer are cow dung and compound microorganism bacteria, the appearance of a sample is brown or dark brown, and the organic fertilizer is massive, powdery or granular, uniform, free of malodor and free of mechanical impurities.
The organic fertilizer can be purchased from the market, such as Shijiazhuang green rhyme fertilizer industry Co., Ltd, and the product name is pure fermentation cow dung organic fertilizer; or purchased from Wangyang biotechnology limited company with the product name of cow dung organic fertilizer; or purchased from cangzhou wang dynasty institute of plant and technology, and the product name is biological liquid fertilizer.
Furthermore, in the high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen is 28 percent, and P is2O5Is 10% by mass, K2The mass percentage content of O is 12 percent, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 50 percent.
The further beneficial effects of the adoption are as follows: the high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer is adopted, so that the yield and income can be obviously increased, the quality can be improved, diseases and insect pests can be prevented, premature senility and the like can be prevented, and the defect of insufficient nutrition caused by the reduction of the aging and absorption capacity of the root system in the later growth stage of crops can be overcome.
The high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer can be purchased in the market, for example, from Shenzhen nong's ecological engineering Limited under Rich days, and the product name is potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer; or purchased from Yuntanhua chemical company Limited, and the product name is high-efficiency organic compound fertilizer; or from medium salt Anhui red four-side fertilizer industry Co., Ltd, and the product name is high-tower pure sulfuric acid compound fertilizer.
Further, in step 1.4, the mass percentage of organic matters in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45%, and the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5%.
The further beneficial effects of the adoption are as follows: by adopting the organic fertilizer, the fertility of cultivated land can be effectively improved, the soil fertilizer supply environment can be improved, and the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved. The main raw materials of the organic fertilizer are cow dung and compound microorganism bacteria, the appearance of a sample is brown or dark brown, and the organic fertilizer is massive, powdery or granular, uniform, free of malodor and free of mechanical impurities.
The organic fertilizer can be purchased from the market, such as Shijiazhuang green rhyme fertilizer industry Co., Ltd, and the product name is pure fermentation cow dung organic fertilizer; or purchased from Wangyang biotechnology limited company with the product name of cow dung organic fertilizer; or purchased from cangzhou wang dynasty institute of plant and technology, and the product name is biological liquid fertilizer.
Further, in step 1.4, P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the compound is more than or equal to 18 percent.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer adopting the parameters can restore the tree vigor in time, improve the overwintering cold resistance of the tree body, accumulate nutrient substances, promote physiological differentiation of flower buds and lay a nutritional foundation for growth of flowers and fruits in the next year. The deep application of fruit picking fertilizer is beneficial to improving soil environment and updating root systems to sprout new roots.
The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be purchased in the market, such as from Yunnan Kunyang phosphate farm Limited company, and the product name is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; or purchased from Jinmingzhu chemical company Limited in Hubei, with the product name "Jingzhu calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer"; or purchased from Datong phosphorus chemical Co Ltd of old city, Yunnan province, and the product name is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Further, in the step 3, the cerclage tool is one or more of a self-locking nylon cable tie, an easy-to-buckle belt and a self-locking plastic nylon buckle.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the tool, the sugar oranges can be banded, and the tool is simple in structure, easy to carry and obvious in banding effect.
The self-locking nylon cable tie can be purchased commercially, such as from Zhejiang Niuli electric Co., Ltd, and the product name is the self-locking nylon cable tie; or purchased from multi-nation plastic factories in le Qing city, and the product name is the self-locking nylon cable tie; or from Wien plastics, Anhui, under the product name of self-locking nylon cable tie.
The easy-fastening tape can be purchased from Zhejiang niuli electric company with the product name of easy-fastening tape; or from Doubang plastics works, Leqing, the product name is easy-to-buckle; or from Anhui Wien plastics, Inc., under the product name easy-to-buckle.
The self-locking plastic nylon buckle can be purchased in the market, such as from Zhejiang niuli electric company Limited, and the product name is the self-locking plastic nylon buckle; or purchased from Wien plastics, Inc. of Anhui, under the name of self-locking plastic nylon fastener.
Furthermore, the specification of the self-locking nylon cable tie is as follows: width x length (2-10) mm x (100-.
Further, in step 4, 500ml of 30.2% by mass of the yozadan 400-fold liquid is replaced by 500ml of 20% by mass of the flumetralin 500-fold liquid.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: maleic hydrazide, also known as maleic hydrazide, whose chemical name is 1, 2-dihydro-3, 6-pyridazinedione. The invented prohexadione belongs to a selective herbicide and a temporary plant growth inhibitor, the effective components of said prohexadione can enter the plant through the cuticle of leaf surface to reduce photosynthesis, osmotic pressure and transpiration, and can strongly inhibit the growth of bud.
The maleic hydrazide can be purchased from Chongqing Shuangfeng chemical Co., Ltd, and is named as maleic hydrazide; or purchased from Zhongyuan chemical Co., Ltd in Hubei, and the product name is Zygudan; or purchased from Hebei Pont chemical Co., Ltd, and the product is named as maleic hydrazide.
Flumetralin is a contact and local systemic type efficient and low-toxicity plant growth regulator. In the invention, flumetralin can replace the maleic hydrazide and is used as a plant growth regulator.
The above flumetralin is commercially available, for example, from Foshan aircraft Biotechnology Ltd under the product name flumetralin; or from Sanchen bright Biotechnology GmbH, Foshan, under the product name flumetralin; or from Jiaye Biotech, Inc. of Taian city under the name of Flumetralin.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention starts from fertilization management, and applies the germination fertilizer, the fruit stabilizing fertilizer, the summer fertilizer and the fruit picking fertilizer respectively according to different growth stages of the granulated sugar oranges, so that the requirements of the granulated sugar oranges on the fertilizers in each period are met, the granulated sugar oranges are uniform in fruit bearing, consistent in fruit shape, size and maturity, big in flesh and sweet, good in selling taste, and the quality and the yield of the granulated sugar oranges are greatly improved.
(2) The invention starts from spraying flower protection, controlling tip and preventing falling, and nourishing and expanding fruits, effectively prevents diseases such as etiolation, foot rot, fruit cracking, malformed fruits, small fruits and the like, and obviously enhances the capabilities of disease resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance and insect pest resistance.
(3) The invention adopts the cerclage to protect the fruit, thereby being more labor-saving, more labor-saving and safer, and having no harm of foot rot.
(4) The method is simple, easy to operate, wide in market prospect and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fruit ring-rolling protection in step 3 of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is the stem of a sugar orange tree; 2, second-level branch of sugar orange; 3 is a self-locking nylon cable tie.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method for improving the yield of the sugar oranges comprises the following steps:
step 1: fertilizing
Step 1.1: sprouting fertilizer
Applying germination fertilizers 10 days before spring shoots of the granulated sugar orange trees germinate, namely applying 0.15kg of urea and 0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant; when more than 20% of flower buds are exposed, 0.15kg of calcium ammonium nitrate is applied to each plant. Wherein, in the balanced compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15 percent, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 45 percent. The balanced compound fertilizer can be purchased from Shikefeng chemical company limited, and the product name is Shikefeng compound fertilizer nitro-sulfenyl.
Step 1.2: fruit stabilizing fertilizer
In the middle and late days of 5 months, applying stable fruit fertilizer, namely the ratio of leaves to fruits is (20-30): 1, applying 0.25kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant of the granulated sugar orange trees; for the orange trees with the ratio of leaves to fruits being (40-60):1 or the first bearing trees, 500ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer 500 times of liquid is sprayed on each plant. Wherein, in the balanced compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15 percent, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 45 percent. The balanced compound fertilizer can be purchased from cigarette market, such as agricultural production data science and technology limited company with the product name of Shima brand compound fertilizer.
Step 1.3: summer fertilizer
From the middle 7 th to the upper 8 th of the month, applying summer fertilizer, namely applying 3kg of decomposed bran fertilizer, 0.2kg of urea and 0.25kg of potassium sulfate to each plant. Wherein the decomposed bran fertilizer is obtained by taking rapeseed bran or peanut bran and fermenting and decomposing the rapeseed bran or the peanut bran.
Step 1.4: fruit picking fertilizer
And (4) spraying clear water 7 days after fruit harvesting, and then applying 3kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer to each plant. Wherein, in the organic fertilizer, the mass percentage of the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent. The organic fertilizer can be purchased from Shijiazhuang green rhyme fertilizer industry Co., Ltd, and the product name is pure fermentation cow dung organic fertilizer. P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the compound is more than or equal to 18 percent. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be purchased in the market, such as from Yunnan Kunyang phosphate farm Limited, and the product name is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Step 2: spraying flower protection
When the amount of the withered flowers reaches 80-90 percent and spring shoots are self-sheared and aged, 500ml of 1500-fold liquid of gibberellin with the mass percent of 3 percent, 500ml of 2000-fold liquid of brassinolide with the mass percent of 0.01 percent, 500ml of 500-fold liquid of monopotassium phosphate and 500ml of 1000-fold liquid of boron fertilizer are sprayed on each plant, and after 15 days, the plants are sprayed again;
and step 3: cerclage binding
From the spring tip period to the bud period, performing ring binding on 1-3 rings by using a self-locking nylon binding belt at a position 10-300 mm above a trunk grafting port of a granulated sugar orange tree and/or a position 10-300 mm above a secondary branch stem from a branch port; and in 8 months-3 months in the next year, cerclage is removed. The specification of the self-locking nylon cable tie is as follows: the width x length is 4mm x 200 mm. The self-locking nylon cable tie can be purchased commercially, such as from Nile electric company Limited in Zhejiang, and the product name is the self-locking nylon cable tie.
And 4, step 4: tip control anti-falling device
In the last ten days of 5 months, when the early summer shoots begin to sprout, 500ml of 400-fold liquid of the maleic hydrazide with the mass percent of 30.2% and 500ml of 500-fold liquid of the paclobutrazol with the mass percent of 25% are sprayed, and after 20 days, the second spraying is carried out. The maleic anhydride is commercially available, such as from Chongqing Shuangfeng chemical Co., Ltd, and is named as maleic anhydride.
And 5: nutritious puffed fruit
And after the second fruit preservation, adding a fruit stabilizing fertilizer once, wherein the method is the same as the step 1.2.
Spraying 5000 times of solution of sodium nitrophenolate and 500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the mass percent of 1.8% on leaf surfaces from the middle ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 7 months for 3 times.
Example 2
The method for improving the yield of the sugar oranges comprises the following steps:
step 1: fertilizing
Step 1.1: sprouting fertilizer
Applying germination fertilizers 12 days before spring shoots of the granulated sugar orange trees germinate, namely applying 0.3kg of urea and 0.3kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant; when more than 20% of flower buds are exposed, 0.3kg of calcium ammonium nitrate is applied to each plant. Wherein, in the balanced compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all 16 percent, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 48 percent. The balanced compound fertilizer can be purchased from Shikefeng chemical company limited, and the product name is Shikefeng compound fertilizer nitro-sulfenyl.
Step 1.2: fruit stabilizing fertilizer
In the middle and late days of 5 months, applying stable fruit fertilizer, namely the ratio of leaves to fruits is (20-30): 1, applying 0.3kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant of the granulated sugar orange trees; for orange trees with the ratio of leaves to fruits being (40-60):1 or primary fruiting trees, 750ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer 500 times of liquid is sprayed on each plant. Wherein, in the balanced compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all 16 percent, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 48 percent. The balanced compound fertilizer can be purchased from Shikefeng chemical company limited, and the product name is Shikefeng compound fertilizer nitro-sulfenyl.
Step 1.3: summer fertilizer
From the middle of 7 months to the last of 8 months, applying summer fertilizer, namely applying 40kg of human and animal manure, 0.25kg of urea and 0.75kg of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer to each plant. Wherein the decomposed bran fertilizer is obtained by taking rapeseed bran or peanut bran and fermenting and decomposing the rapeseed bran or the peanut bran. In the high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen is 28 percent, and P is2O5Is 10% by mass, K2The mass percentage content of O is 12 percent, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 50 percent. The high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer can be purchased in the market, such as from Shenzhen nongThe product name of the ecological engineering company Limited under Futianxia is full water-soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate type compound fertilizer (28-10-12).
Step 1.4: fruit picking fertilizer
Spraying clear water 7d-10d after fruit harvesting, and then applying 3kg-5kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5kg-1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each plant. Wherein, in the organic fertilizer, the mass percentage of the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent. The organic fertilizer can be purchased commercially, such as P in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer from Wangyang Biotech limited under the name of cow dung organic fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the compound is more than or equal to 18 percent. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be purchased commercially, such as from Jinzhu chemical Limited, Hubei, under the product name "Jingzhu calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer".
Step 2: spraying flower protection
When the amount of the withered flowers reaches 80-90 percent and spring shoots are self-sheared and aged, spraying 1000ml of 1500-fold liquid of gibberellin with the mass percent of 3 percent, 1000ml of 2000-fold liquid of brassinolide with the mass percent of 0.01 percent, 1000ml of 500-fold liquid of monopotassium phosphate and 1000ml of 1000-fold liquid of boron fertilizer on each plant, and spraying once again after 18 days;
and step 3: cerclage binding
From the spring tip stage to the bud stage, looping 1-3 rings by using an easy-to-buckle belt at a position 10mm-300mm above a main stem grafting opening of a granulated sugar orange tree and/or a position 10mm-300mm above a secondary branch opening; and in 8 months-3 months in the next year, cerclage is removed. The easy-fastening tape can be purchased commercially, such as from Niuli Elegantis, Zhejiang, and is named as easy-fastening tape.
And 4, step 4: tip control anti-falling device
When the young shoots grow to 1.0cm, 1500 times of oxyfluorfen solution with the mass percentage of 6 percent is sprayed on the leaf surfaces once.
And 5: nutritious puffed fruit
And after the second fruit preservation, adding a fruit stabilizing fertilizer once, wherein the method is the same as the step 1.2.
Spraying 5000 times of solution of sodium nitrophenolate and 500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the mass percent of 1.8% on leaf surfaces from the middle ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 7 months for 2 times.
Example 3
The method for improving the yield of the sugar oranges comprises the following steps:
step 1: fertilizing
Step 1.1: sprouting fertilizer
Applying germination fertilizers 15 days before spring shoots of the granulated sugar orange trees germinate, namely applying 0.5kg of urea and 0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant; when more than 20% of flower buds are exposed, 0.5kg of calcium ammonium nitrate is applied to each plant. Wherein, in the balanced compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15 percent, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 45 percent. The balanced compound fertilizer can be purchased from cigarette market, such as agricultural production data science and technology limited company with the product name of Shima brand compound fertilizer.
Step 1.2: fruit stabilizing fertilizer
In the middle and late days of 5 months, applying stable fruit fertilizer, namely the ratio of leaves to fruits is (20-30): 1, applying 0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant of the granulated sugar orange trees; for the orange trees with the ratio of leaves to fruits being (40-60):1 or the first bearing trees, 1000ml of monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer 500 times liquid is sprayed on each plant. Wherein, in the balanced compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15 percent, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 45 percent. The balanced compound fertilizer can be purchased from cigarette market, such as agricultural production data science and technology limited company with the product name of Shima brand compound fertilizer.
Step 1.3: summer fertilizer
From the middle of 7 months to the last of 8 months, applying summer fertilizer, namely applying 10kg of organic fertilizer, 0.3kg of urea and 0.5kg of potassium sulfate to each plant. Wherein, in the organic fertilizer, the mass percentage of the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent. The organic fertilizer can be purchased from Shijiazhuang green rhyme fertilizer industry Co., Ltd, and the product name is pure fermentation cow dung organic fertilizer.
Step 1.4: fruit picking fertilizer
And (4) spraying clear water 7 days after fruit harvesting, and then applying 3kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer to each plant. Wherein, in the organic fertilizer, the mass percentage of the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent. The organic fertilizer can be purchased on the marketThe product name is biological liquid fertilizer, as purchased from cangzhou wang dynasty institute of plant and technology. P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the compound is more than or equal to 18 percent. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be purchased in the market, such as from Datong phosphorus chemical Co., Ltd, old city, Yunnan province, and the product name is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Step 2: spraying flower protection
When the amount of the withered flowers reaches 80 percent and the spring shoots are self-sheared and aged, 1500ml of 1500-fold liquid of gibberellin with the mass percent of 3 percent, 1500ml of 2000-fold liquid of brassinolide with the mass percent of 0.01 percent, 1500ml of 500-fold liquid of monopotassium phosphate and 1500ml of 1000-fold liquid of boron fertilizer are sprayed on each plant, and the plants are sprayed once again after 20 days.
And step 3: cerclage binding
From the spring tip stage to the bud stage, looping 1-3 rings by using self-locking plastic nylon buckles at the position 10-300 mm above the grafting port of the main stem of the granulated sugar orange tree and/or 10-300 mm above the branch port of the secondary branch stem; and in 8 months-3 months in the next year, cerclage is removed. The self-locking plastic nylon buckle can be purchased in the market, for example, from Zhejiang niuli electric limited company, and the product name is the self-locking plastic nylon buckle.
And 4, step 4: tip control anti-falling device
And performing artificial tip wiping from late 5 months to early 7 months.
And 5: nutritious puffed fruit
And after the second fruit preservation, adding a fruit stabilizing fertilizer once, wherein the method is the same as the step 1.2.
Spraying 5000 times of solution of sodium nitrophenolate and 500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the mass percent of 1.8% on leaf surfaces from the middle ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 7 months for 3 times.
Examples of the experiments
1. Materials and methods
1.1 test materials
1.1.1 test tool: self-locking nylon cable tie with width multiplied by length multiplied by 4mm multiplied by 200mm
1.1.2 control means: no. 2 girdling knife
1.1.3 citrus varieties tested: sugar orange
1.1.4 Experimental field overview: the test is carried out in a Mayun orchard in Ganliang city, Pingyu county, Guangxi, the variety is sugar orange, the tree age is three years, the topography of the orchard is relatively flat, the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 2m, the plant height is about 1.5m, the management of fertilizer and water is good, the tree vigor is vigorous, and the fruit bearing amount is large.
1.2 test methods
1.2.1 test design: the experiment was performed with a total of three treatments, each treatment having three replicates of cells with 20 trees per cell and a total of 60 trees per treatment. The cells were arranged in sequence and the blank was repeated three times with 3 trees each time for a total of 9 trees. The other planting steps for all three treatments were the same as in example 2.
A. Performing self-locking nylon tie ring binding;
B. girdling is carried out once by a No. 2 girdling cutter;
C. blank control.
1.2.2 test times and methods
1.2.2.1 test time: 4 months in 2018-4 months in 2019
1.2.2.2 Ring cleavage: and (3) performing closed girdling on the position 8cm above the grafting opening by using a No. 2 knife at 20 days after the sugar oranges wither flowers, namely 5 months and 2 days in 2018, wherein the depth reaches a cambium below the phloem. Only one girdling is carried out in the whole growth period.
1.2.2.3 cerclage: in the bud period of granulated sugar orange flower in 4 and 7 days in 2018, 8cm above the grafting opening of the main stem and three first branches are respectively tied by self-locking nylon ties. The time for releasing the cerclage is 12 months and 27 days after the fruit is harvested.
1.2.3 survey content and methods
1.2.3.1 fruit drop: and randomly selecting five branches with fruits on each plot tree and marking the five branches simultaneously during the second medicine fruit retention, and recording the number of the small fruits on the branches. The number of small fruits on the marked branches was recorded again by 7 months.
1.2.3.2 yellowing: the tree vigor and the leaf color of spring shoots and late summer shoots are checked plant by plant in 8 months and 10 days, yellowing is judged when the leaf color of the whole plant is yellow, and the number of yellow trees is recorded.
1.2.3.3 foot rot: the condition of the trunk base of each treated tree is checked plant by plant in 8 months and 10 days, the base of the trunk is judged to be foot rot when the trunk base has longitudinal cracks and peeling, and the number of the foot rot trees is recorded.
1.2.3.4 yield: at 12 months and 25 days fruit ripening, the plants were weighed plant by plant and the yield recorded.
1.2.3.5 flower promoting action: at the early flowering stage (13 months 4 in 2019) when about 20% of the trees bloom in the next year, five flowering branches are randomly selected from each plot tree, and the number of buds on the branches is recorded.
1.3 Experimental calculation methods and results
1.3.1 fruit drop Rate
(n-a)/nx100, wherein: n is the average small fruit number of the branch during the second fruit retention, a is the average small fruit number of the branch in 7-month middle ten days, 15 plants are investigated by AB treatment, all blank controls are investigated, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of fruit drop rates
As can be seen from table 1, the fruit drop rate was reduced by 85.1% compared to the blank control by cerclage treatment.
1.3.2 yellowing ratio
Yellowing rate is the number of yellowing plants/total number of plants × 100. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparative table of yellowing ratios
| Treatment of | Number of etiolated plants | Total number of plants | Yellowing ratio (%) |
| A cerclage | 0 | 60 | 0 |
| B one-time girdling | 4 | 60 | 6.7 |
| CK blank control | 0 | 9 | 0 |
As can be seen from table 2, the yellowing rate was not increased by cerclage treatment compared to the blank control. Compared with the method of girdling once, the daylily rate is reduced by 6.7 percent.
1.3.3 incidence of foot rot
The incidence of foot rot is the number of diseased plants/total number of plants × 100. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison of foot rot disease incidence
| Treatment of | Number of diseased plants | Total number of plants | Incidence of foot rot (%) |
| A cerclage | 0 | 60 | 0 |
| B one- |
1 | 60 | 1.7 |
| CK blank control | 0 | 9 | 0 |
As can be seen from table 3, with cerclage treatment, the incidence of foot rot was not increased compared to the blank control. Compared with one-time girdling, the incidence rate of foot rot is reduced by 1.7%.
1.3.4 average yield
A. B, 15 plants are investigated by two treatments, all blank controls are investigated, and the yield of each plant is recorded. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 comparison of yields
As can be seen from table 4, the average plant yield was increased by 93.48% compared to the blank control by cerclage treatment. Compared with the method of girdling once, the average plant yield is improved by 4.56 percent.
1.3.5 flower promoting action
A. Two treatments B were investigated for 15 plants, all blank controls were investigated, and the respective flower volumes were recorded.
The average number of buds is the total number of buds/number of investigated plants. The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 comparison of average bud number
As can be seen from table 5, the average number of buds was increased by 16.06% compared to the blank control with cerclage treatment. Compared with one-time girdling, the average number of buds is improved by 13.67 percent.
2. Results and analysis
(1) The fruit retention aspect of the ring rolling and the ring cutting is not obviously different, the fruit dropping rate is obviously lower than that of a control group, and the better fruit retention effect is shown.
(2) Cerclage was not significantly different from girdling in the current year under otherwise identical management measures, but was significantly different from the non-girdling control.
(3) The cerclage has no yellowing phenomenon in the whole test process, and no foot rot condition is found, so that the cerclage is safer when the ring cutting has yellowing and the foot rot condition is compared.
(4) The flower promoting effect of the cerclage is better, so that more nutrition is remained in the overground part after the cerclage, flower bud differentiation in autumn and winter is facilitated, and the cerclage is not different from a control group.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The method for improving the yield of the sugar oranges is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: fertilizing
Step 1.1: sprouting fertilizer
Applying germination fertilizer 10d-15d before spring shoots of granulated sugar orange trees germinate, namely applying 0.15kg-0.5kg of urea and 0.15kg-0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant; when more than 20% of flower buds are exposed, 0.15kg-0.5kg of calcium ammonium nitrate is applied to each plant;
step 1.2: fruit stabilizing fertilizer
In the middle and late days of 5 months, applying stable fruit fertilizer, namely the ratio of leaves to fruits is (20-30): 1, applying 0.25kg-0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant of the granulated sugar orange trees; for the orange trees with the ratio of leaves to fruits (40-60) to 1 or the first bearing trees, 500ml-1000ml of monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer 500 times liquid is sprayed on each tree;
step 1.3: summer fertilizer
Applying summer fertilizer from the middle 7 th to the upper 8 th of the month, namely applying 3kg to 5kg of thoroughly decomposed bran fertilizer, 0.2kg to 0.3kg of urea and 0.25kg to 0.5kg of potassium sulfate to each plant;
step 1.4: fruit picking fertilizer
Spraying clear water 7d-10d after harvesting, and then applying 3kg-5kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5kg-1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each plant;
step 2: spraying flower protection
When the amount of the withered flowers reaches 80-90 percent and spring shoots are self-sheared and aged, 500ml-1500ml of gibberellin 1500-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 3 percent, 500ml-1500ml of brassinolide 2000-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 0.01 percent, 500ml-1500ml of monopotassium phosphate 500-fold liquid and 500ml-1500ml of boron fertilizer 1000-fold liquid are sprayed on each plant, and the plants are sprayed again after 15 days;
and step 3: cerclage binding
From the spring tip period to the bud period, performing ring binding on 1-3 rings at a position 10-300 mm above a trunk grafting opening of a granulated sugar orange tree and/or a position 10-300 mm above a secondary branch opening by using a ring binding tool; removing cerclage in 8 months-3 months in the next year;
and 4, step 4: tip control anti-falling device
The tip is controlled to prevent falling in one of the following three ways: in the last ten days of 5 months, when the early summer shoots begin to sprout, 500ml of 400-time solution of the maleic hydrazide with the mass percent of 30.2% and 500ml of 500-time solution of the paclobutrazol with the mass percent of 25% are sprayed, and after 20 days, the second spraying is carried out; or when the young shoots grow to 0.8-1.2 cm, spraying 1500 times of oxyfluorfen 1250-containing liquid with the mass percent of 6% on the leaf surfaces for one time; or performing manual tip wiping from late 5 months to early 7 months;
and 5: nutritious puffed fruit
After the second fruit preservation, adding a fruit stabilizing fertilizer once, and the method is the same as the step 1.2;
spraying 5000 times of solution of sodium nitrophenolate and 500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the mass percent of 1.8% on leaf surfaces from the middle ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 7 months for 2-3 times.
2. The method for improving the yield of sugar oranges according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1.1 and the step 1.2, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the balanced compound fertilizer are all 15%, the mass percentage of total nutrients is more than or equal to 45%, or the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the balanced compound fertilizer are all 16%, and the mass percentage of total nutrients is more than or equal to 48%.
3. The method for increasing the yield of sugar oranges according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1.3, the decomposed bran fertilizer is obtained by taking rapeseed bran or peanut bran and fermenting and decomposing the rapeseed bran or the peanut bran.
4. The method for improving the yield of sugar oranges according to claim 1, wherein in step 1.3, 3kg to 5kg of the decomposed bran manure is replaced by 30kg to 50kg of human and animal manure or 5kg to 10kg of organic fertilizer; 0.25kg-0.5kg of potassium sulfate is replaced by 0.5kg-1kg of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer.
5. The method for improving the yield of sugar oranges according to claim 4, wherein when 5kg-10kg of organic fertilizer is substituted, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, and the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5%.
6. The method for increasing the yield of sugar oranges according to claim 4, wherein the high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer contains 28% by mass of nitrogen and P2O5Is 10% by mass, K2The mass percentage content of O is 12 percent, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 50 percent.
7. The method for improving the yield of sugar oranges according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1.4, the mass percentage of organic matters in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45%, and the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5%.
8. The method for increasing the yield of tangerines with granulated sugar according to claim 1, wherein in step 1.4, P is in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the compound is more than or equal to 18 percent.
9. The method for increasing the yield of tangerines with granulated sugar according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the cerclage tool is one or more of a self-locking nylon cable tie, an easy-to-buckle strap, and a self-locking plastic nylon buckle.
10. The method for improving the yield of sugar oranges according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the 500ml of 30.2% by mass of the yodan 400-fold liquid is replaced by 500ml of 20% by mass of the flumetralin 500-fold liquid.
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