CN115226510B - High-grafting 'Ming day' seed changing method for citrus aurantium - Google Patents
High-grafting 'Ming day' seed changing method for citrus aurantium Download PDFInfo
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- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for changing the seeds of a yellow citrus fruit by high grafting 'Ming day' and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, which comprises the following steps: sowing green manure in the yellow citrus orchard in middle and late 3 months, and turning over and pressing the green manure in the full-bloom stage; collecting scions of 'Ming day' and performing abdominal bud grafting in the late 8 months; applying a base fertilizer in autumn; and in the beginning of 3 months in the next year, bud carving is carried out on the high-grafting stem of the fruit tree, and the core is picked when the new grafting length is slightly 25-35cm, so that the high-grafting seed changing is completed. According to the invention, green manure is applied to an orchard before grafting, so that the orchard environment is improved, sufficient nutrients are provided, the accumulation of substances in fruits is effectively increased, and the yield and quality of the fruits are improved; bud grafting is carried out on the abdomen in the late 8 th month and bud carving is carried out in the early 3 th month, so that high grafting and seed changing survival are facilitated; base fertilizer is applied in winter, bud carving and core picking are carried out in 3 months next year, so that nutrient substances in the tree body can be guided to supply new shoots, the growth and maturity of the new shoots of branches which are subjected to high grafting and seed changing survival are promoted, the nitrogen content of the branches and leaves is increased, the growth of side branches is accelerated, the formation of tree crowns is fast, and the method is beneficial to early high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and particularly relates to a high grafting 'Ming day' seed changing method for citrus aurantium.
Background
The Han source yellow fruit oranges are an important economic source and supporting industry for the minority nationality and the reservoir region of Han source county. In recent years, the yield and the area of late-maturing miscellaneous citrus such as Sichuan high sugar type citrus, fire-unknown, wo citrus and the like are greatly increased, and the maturing period coincides with that of the yellow citrus. In addition, consumers in China prefer sweet fruits, and the Han source yellow citrus fruits are sour in taste and are not matched with market demands, so that the problem of diapause is serious. 'Ming day' is used as late-maturing hybrid citrus introduced in Japan, and has the characteristics of thin skin, extremely high sugar content, tender meat quality, storage and transportation resistance and the like. The maturation time of 2 months to 3 months fills the high-end citrus market in the spring festival, and has high economic value.
Therefore, the method for changing the high grafting of the yellow citrus fruits into the 'Ming day' seeds reduces the 'Ming day' fruit cracking rate by increasing the survival rate of the high grafting seeds, improves the fruit yield and the quality, and achieves the aim of rapidly and effectively solving the bottleneck problems of market sales and the like in the development of the Han-source yellow citrus fruits industry, and the related record of changing the high grafting of the yellow citrus fruits into the 'Ming day' seeds does not exist in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a high grafting 'Ming day' seed changing method for citrus aurantium, which improves the survival rate of high grafting seed changing and improves the yield and quality of fruits through a whole set of compound grafting technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for changing seeds of citrus grandis by 'Ming day', the method comprises the following steps: sowing green manure in the yellow citrus orchard in middle and late 3 months, and turning over and pressing the green manure in the full-bloom stage; collecting scions of 'Ming day' and performing abdominal bud grafting in the late 8 months; applying a base fertilizer in autumn; and in the beginning of 3 months in the next year, bud carving is carried out on the high-grafting stem of the fruit tree, and the core is picked when the new grafting length is slightly 25-35cm, so that the high-grafting seed changing is completed.
Preferably, the yellow citrus fruit is a fruit tree with poor fruit quality, serious variety degradation and poor market benefit, or a fruit tree with strong plant requirement, scientific and reasonable tree layering and no plant diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, the green manure is one or more of astragalus sinicus and alfalfa, and the sowing amount is 1.0-1.2 kg/mu.
Preferably, the 'Ming day' scion is an annual mature spring tip, the length is 20-60cm, and the diameter is 0.3-0.8cm.
More preferably, the scion is collected 5-10 days before grafting, all leaves are removed, and the scion is preserved in an environment with the temperature of 10-16 ℃ and the humidity of 80-90%.
Preferably, 3-7 main branches or side branches and auxiliary branches with moderate growth vigor of 1-2 branches are reserved in the yellow citrus fruit tree, and 9-14 buds are grafted on each tree.
Preferably, the first grafting bud grafting position of the abdominal bud grafting is selected to be 20-40cm above the bifurcation of the main branch or the side branch, and the grafting bud spacing of each branch is 20-30cm.
Preferably, the applying the base fertilizer includes: 3-5kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 1.0-1.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree in the period of late 8 months to 9 months, and the application depth is 0.25-0.5m.
Preferably, the bud carving part is 0.5cm to 1cm above the high grafting dry grafting bud of the fruit tree, and the phloem is cut off by a bud carving tool until reaching the xylem; the core picking is carried out when the length of the young shoots is 25-35 cm.
More preferably, the upper growth Jiang Wangzhi is cut off during bud carving, 1 branch of weaker growth branch is reserved as an auxiliary branch of the grafted bud, and the upper branch is cut off after the 'Ming day' bud germinates and shoots.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a high grafting 'tomorrow' seed changing method for citrus aurantium, which belongs to a whole set of composite grafting technology, and improves the yield and quality of fruits by taking 'tomorrow' as scion for high grafting seed changing, can ensure the survival rate of high grafting seed changing of citrus aurantium, and solves the bottleneck problems of market sales and the like in the development of citrus aurantium industry.
According to the invention, green manure is applied to the orchard before grafting, so that the ecological environment of the orchard is improved, sufficient nutrients are provided, the accumulation of substances in fruits is effectively increased, and the yield and quality of the fruits are improved.
The invention carries out abdominal bud grafting in the late 8 months and bud etching in the early 3 months, which is the best time suitable for the high grafting and seed changing management of the yellow citrus and is beneficial to the survival of the high grafting and seed changing.
According to the invention, by applying the base fertilizer in winter and carrying out bud carving, stem cutting and core picking in the beginning of 3 months of the next year, the nutrition substances of the tree body can be guided to supply the young shoots, the growth and maturation of the young shoots of the branches which survive high grafting and seed changing are promoted, the growth of the side shoots is accelerated, the crown formation is rapid, and the method is beneficial to early high yield; the whole tree of the high-grafting plant leaves 1-2 branches of the middle yellow citrus fruit in growth vigor, and the fruit cracking rate of 'Ming day' is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high grafting 'Ming day' seed changing method for citrus aurantium, which improves the yield and quality of grafted fruits and ensures the seed changing survival rate of the high grafting 'Ming day' citrus aurantium. The invention comprises the following steps: sowing green manure in the yellow citrus orchard in middle and late 3 months, and turning over and pressing when the green manure is in the full bloom stage; collecting scions of 'Ming day' and performing abdominal bud grafting after cutting to dryness in the late 8 months; applying a base fertilizer in winter; and in the last 3 months of the next year, cutting buds, cutting stems and picking cores on the high-grafting stems of the fruit trees to finish high grafting seed changing.
The invention preferably adopts the fruit trees with low yield, poor fruit quality, serious variety degradation and poor market benefit as the high-grafting and seed-changing target fruit trees, or the fruit trees with stronger plant requirements, scientific and reasonable tree layering and no plant diseases and insect pests on branches. In regard to the former, the high-yield 'open-sun' seed changing method can solve the problems of low yield and poor fruit quality; aiming at the latter, the high-yield and high-quality production target can be achieved by the high-yield and high-quality seed changing method disclosed by the invention, and the market demand is met.
The green manure is preferably one or more of astragalus sinicus and alfalfa, and is preferably 1.0-1.2 kg/mu of the green manure, and more preferably 1.1 kg/mu of the green manure is broadcast. The invention preferably carries out the garden cleaning treatment on the orchard in the late 2 months, eliminates weeds and residual branches, and then sows green manure. And (3) turning over and pressing the green manure in the full bloom stage, preferably turning over and pressing the green manure to a soil layer of 10-15cm, burying the green manure tightly, compacting the green manure tightly without gaps, fully fermenting and decomposing the green manure, and ensuring the fertilizer efficiency to play a role. According to the invention, green manure is planted in the yellow citrus orchard and is turned over and pressed, so that the problems of soil hardening, trace element deficiency, more plant diseases and insect pests, water and soil loss and the like caused by applying chemical fertilizers all the year round can be solved, the soil structure and physicochemical properties of the yellow citrus orchard are improved, the water retention and soil moisture retention capacity of the soil is improved, the microenvironment of the orchard is changed, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, sufficient nutrient guarantee and favorable high grafting conditions are provided for the fruit trees, and grafting failure caused by lack of nutrient substances of grafted buds is prevented. Meanwhile, the green manure can also effectively increase the accumulation of substances in fruits and improve the yield and quality of the fruits.
The preferred 'Ming day' scion is an annual mature spring tip, the length is 20-60cm, and the diameter is 0.3-0.8cm; further preferably 40cm in length and 0.4-0.6cm in diameter; more preferably, the scion is a branch with good growth condition of full buds and good growth condition, and the tree body is free of plant diseases and insect pests.
The scion is preferably collected 5-10 days before grafting, more preferably collected one week before grafting, and all leaves are removed after the scion is collected so as to prevent water loss, and the scion is stored in an environment with the temperature of 10-16 ℃ and the humidity of 80-90%, and further preferably stored in an environment with the temperature of 13 ℃ and the humidity of 85%. As an implementation mode, 50-80 branches are made into a bundle after collecting scions, and the bundle is wrapped by wet towels or wet cloths and then stored.
The invention uses abdominal bud grafting to carry out high grafting and seed changing, preferably 3-7 main branches or side branches are reserved for each citrus fruit tree, and 9-14 buds are grafted for each fruit tree; further preferably, the yellow citrus fruit with high grafting and seed changing is reserved branches according to natural open-core tree type.
The invention preferably has a cut height of 60-80cm, more preferably has a cut height of 70cm, and even more preferably has a cut wound that is smooth, and the wound is coated with wound healing agent and wrapped with a film to prevent water loss and promote wound healing. The invention preferably leaves 1-2 moderate branches of the whole tree as auxiliary branches when the high grafting and the replacement of the yellow citrus fruit are cut. 1-2 auxiliary branches are reserved for high grafting and seed changing, photosynthesis and nutrient transportation of the yellow citrus can be guaranteed, and grafting survival is facilitated.
When the abdominal bud grafting is preferred, the first grafting bud grafting position is selected to be 20-40cm above the bifurcation of the main branch or the side branch, and the grafting bud interval of each branch is 20-30cm; it is further preferred that the first grafting bud grafting site is selected to be 30cm above the bifurcation of the main branch or the side main branch, and the grafting bud spacing of each branch is 25cm. The invention has no special limitation on the bud cutting operation during the bud grafting of the abdomen, and adopts the bud cutting mode commonly used in the field. As an implementation mode, full buds on scions are selected, a cutter is obliquely cut at 45 degrees at the position 2/3 below the buds, the buds reach the xylem, a cutter is further flattened at 15-20 degrees at the position 1/3 above the buds, the cutter is intersected with the first cutter, and bud pieces are removed for ventral bud grafting.
When the abdomen bud grafting is preferred, the incision is smooth, the incision depth reaches the xylem without damaging the xylem, the scion skin layer is aligned with the main stem skin layer, the scion xylem is aligned with the main stem xylem, and the grafting is tightly wrapped by a film. The invention preferably observes the survival rate 10-20 days after grafting, and if the grafting port is healed, the leaf buds are green, which indicates survival; if the leaf buds are withered and yellow and discolored, the leaf buds are not survived, and the leaf buds need to be re-grafted once.
The invention preferably observes that the leaf buds start to expand, the thin film at the bud tip is picked up by a knife, the thin film is released when the young shoots are lignified, the release time is selected in the evening or in the cloudy day, and excessive water loss of the young buds caused by sun exposure is prevented.
The preferred base fertilizer application of the invention comprises: applying 3-5kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 1.0-1.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each fruit tree in the late 8 months to 9 months, and further preferably applying 4kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 1.25kg of balanced compound fertilizer; the application depth is 0.25 to 0.5m, and further preferably 0.35m. The invention is preferably biological organicThe organic matter content of the fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the effective viable count cfu is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g; preferably balanced compound fertilizer with nutrient proportion of N to P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝17:17:17。
When the base fertilizer is preferably applied, in order to avoid root injury, the strip-shaped grooves are dug out on the drip line of the crown and the periphery of the crown, the organic fertilizer and the dug soil are uniformly mixed and then buried in the grooves, and sufficient nutrient substances are reserved for high grafting and seed changing of the fruit trees. And irrigation is carried out on the orchard, so that the water content of the citrus reticulata is ensured to be sufficient, the physiological state of the citrus reticulata is in a very active state, and the survival rate of the grafted fruit tree is ensured.
The invention preferably uses a bud carving part which is 0.5-1cm above the high grafting dry grafting bud of the fruit tree, cuts off phloem deep to the xylem by using a bud carving tool, and further preferably uses a bud carving part which is 0.6cm above the high grafting dry grafting bud of the fruit tree. The purpose of bud carving is to improve the bud ratio of the branches of the fruit trees and promote the growth of hidden buds and new shoots. According to the invention, jiang Wangzhi is cut off at the upper part of a bud cutting part during bud cutting, 1 branch of weaker branch is reserved as an auxiliary branch of a grafting bud for nutrient transportation during tip drawing and new tip growth, after 'Ming day' buds germinate and draw tips, the upper branch is cut off, the new tip growth is promoted, and further, the cutting part is preferably 0.5-1.0cm above the bud cutting part.
The invention is preferably performed when the length of the young shoots is 25-35cm, more preferably when the length of the young shoots is 30cm. The core picking can promote the mature of the grafted young shoots, grow out the auxiliary shoots to form a tree canopy in advance, and is also beneficial to the germination and growth of the fruiting branches, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the yield.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for changing seeds of citrus grandis by 'Ming day', the method comprises the following steps:
carrying out garden cleaning treatment on weeds and residual branches in the orchard in a period of 25-28 days;
sowing alfalfa and astragalus sinicus green manure in an orchard in a period of 3 months and 10 days to 12 days, wherein the planting mode is broadcasting, and the sowing density in the planting field is 1.1 kg/mu;
turning and pressing after the flowering amount of the green manure reaches the maximum after 6 months and 5 days-10 days, deeply turning the green manure into a soil layer for 10-15cm, tightly burying and compacting the green manure without gaps, so that the green manure is fully fermented and decomposed, and the fertilizer efficiency is ensured to play a role;
collecting scions after 8 months and 15-18 days, selecting annual scions with the length of 20-60cm and the diameter of 0.3-0.8cm; removing all leaves, taking 70 leaves as a bundle, wrapping with wet towel, keeping humidity at 85%, and storing in a refrigerator at 13 ℃;
8 months 27-28 days, high grafting seed changing is carried out through abdominal bud grafting: 3-7 robust main branches or side branches and 1-2 auxiliary branches are reserved for the high-grafting and seed-changing yellow citrus according to a natural open-core tree, the trunk cutting height is 70cm, and the branches are grown moderately. The grafting part of the first grafting bud is selected 25cm above the bifurcation of the main branch or the side main branch and the like, and the abdomen bud grafting mode is adopted at the flat parts of the left side surface and the right side surface of the branch, and the incision is smooth and the wood is visible when abdomen grafting is carried out; 9-14 buds are grafted on each fruit tree, and the spacing between the high grafting buds on each branch is 20cm;
8 months 28-29 days, performing autumn fertilizer water management on the orchard, and applying 4kg of bio-organic fertilizer (plant source organic matters are more than or equal to 45%, effective viable count cfu is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g) and balanced compound fertilizer (N: P) to each plant of fruit tree in a mixed manner 2 O 5 :K 2 O=17:17:17) 1.25kg, digging strip-shaped grooves with depth of 0.35m on the drip line of the crown and the periphery of the crown to avoid root injury, uniformly mixing organic fertilizer and dug soil, filling the organic fertilizer and the dug soil into the grooves, and preventing water logging when the soil pile is 10-15cm higher than the ground to supplement sufficient nutrient substance storage for high grafting and seed changing of the fruit trees. Irrigation is carried out on the orchard, so that sufficient moisture of the citrus reticulata is ensured, and the physiological state of the citrus reticulata is in a very active state;
cutting off phloem deep to xylem with a knife at 0.5cm above the high grafting stem grafting bud of the fruit tree on 3 months 1-3 days next, shearing off the upper growth Jiang Wangzhi, and leaving 1 branch with weaker growth as auxiliary branch of grafting bud; after the 'tomorrow' buds germinate and shoot, cutting off upper branches at a position 0.5-1cm above the scion buds; meanwhile, 1-2 branches of the yellow citrus fruit with moderate growth vigor are left in the whole tree of the high-grafting plant; picking the core when the length of the young shoots is 25-35 cm.
Example 2
A method for changing seeds of citrus grandis by 'Ming day', the method comprises the following steps:
carrying out garden cleaning treatment on weeds and residual branches in the orchard in the late 2 months;
in the middle ten days of 3 months, alfalfa is sowed in an orchard in a sowing mode, and the sowing density in the planting field is 1.0 kg/mu; turning and pressing after the flowering quantity of the green manure reaches the maximum, deeply turning the green manure into a soil layer for 10-15cm, tightly burying and compacting the green manure without gaps, so that the green manure is fully fermented and decomposed, and the fertilizer efficiency is ensured to play a role;
one week before grafting, collecting scions, and selecting annual scions with the length of 30-60cm and the diameter of 0.3-0.6cm; removing all leaves, taking 60 leaves as a bundle, wrapping with wet towel, keeping humidity at 80%, and storing in a refrigerator at 16deg.C;
and (3) in the late 8 th month, high grafting seed changing is carried out through abdominal bud grafting: 3-7 robust main branches or side branches and 1-2 auxiliary branches are reserved for the high-grafting and seed-changing yellow citrus according to a natural open-core tree, the trunk cutting height is 60 cm; the grafting part of the first grafting bud is selected to be 30cm above the bifurcation of the main branch or the side main branch and the like, and the abdomen bud grafting mode is adopted at the flat parts of the left side surface and the right side surface of the branch, and the incision is smooth and the wood is visible when abdomen grafting; 9-14 buds are grafted on each fruit tree, and the spacing between the high grafting buds on each branch is 25cm;
in the last ten days of 9 months, the orchard is subjected to autumn fertilizer-water management, and 3kg of biological organic fertilizer (plant source organic matters are more than or equal to 45%, effective viable count cfu is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g) and balanced compound fertilizer (N: P) are applied to each plant of fruit tree in a mixed manner 2 O 5 :K 2 O=17:17:17) 1.5kg, digging a strip-shaped ditch on the drip line of the crown and the periphery of the crown to have the depth of 0.25m, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and the dug soil, filling the organic fertilizer into the ditch, and irrigating the orchard;
in the beginning of 3 months in the next year, cutting off the phloem of the fruit tree to reach the xylem by a small knife at the position 0.8cm above the high grafting dry grafting bud, shearing off the upper growth Jiang Wangzhi, and leaving 1 branch to grow weaker as an auxiliary branch of the grafting bud; after the 'tomorrow' buds germinate and shoot, cutting off upper branches at a position 0.5-1cm above the scion buds; meanwhile, 1-2 branches of the yellow citrus fruit with moderate growth vigor are left in the whole tree of the high-grafting plant; picking the core when the length of the young shoots is 25-35 cm.
Example 3
A method for changing seeds of citrus grandis by 'Ming day', the method comprises the following steps:
carrying out garden cleaning treatment on weeds and residual branches in the orchard in the late 2 months;
in the middle ten days of 3 months, planting the milk vetch in an orchard in a broadcasting mode, wherein the planting density in the planting field is 1.2 kg/mu; turning and pressing after the flowering quantity of the green manure reaches the maximum, deeply turning the green manure into a soil layer for 10-15cm, tightly burying and compacting the green manure without gaps, so that the green manure is fully fermented and decomposed, and the fertilizer efficiency is ensured to play a role;
one week before grafting, collecting scions, and selecting annual scions with the length of 20-60cm and the diameter of 0.3-0.8cm; removing all leaves, taking 80 leaves as a bundle, wrapping with wet cloth, keeping the humidity at 90%, and storing in a refrigerator at 10 ℃;
and (3) in the late 8 th month, high grafting seed changing is carried out through abdominal bud grafting: 3-7 robust main branches or side branches and 1-2 auxiliary branches are reserved for the high-grafting and seed-changing yellow citrus according to a natural open-core tree, the trunk cutting height is 80 cm; the grafting part of the first grafting bud is selected to be 35cm above the bifurcation of the main branch or the side main branch and the like, and the abdomen bud grafting mode is adopted at the flat parts of the left side surface and the right side surface of the branch, and the incision is smooth and the wood is visible when abdomen grafting; 9-14 buds are grafted on each fruit tree, and the spacing between the high grafting buds on each branch is 25cm;
in middle 9 ten days, the orchard is subjected to autumn fertilizer-water management, and 5kg of biological organic fertilizer (plant source organic matters are more than or equal to 45%, effective viable count cfu is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g) and balanced compound fertilizer (N: P) are applied to each fruit tree in a mixed manner 2 O 5 :K 2 O=17:17:17), digging a strip-shaped ditch with depth of 0.5m on the drip line of the crown and the periphery of the crown to avoid root injury, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and the dug soil, filling the organic fertilizer into the ditch, and irrigating the orchard;
in the beginning of 3 months in the next year, cutting off the phloem by a small knife to reach the xylem at the position 0.6cm above the high grafting dry grafting bud of the fruit tree, shearing off the upper growth Jiang Wangzhi, and leaving 1 branch with weaker growth as an auxiliary branch of the grafting bud; after the 'tomorrow' buds germinate and shoot, cutting off upper branches at a position 0.8cm above the scion buds; meanwhile, 1-2 branches of the yellow citrus fruit with moderate growth vigor are left in the whole tree of the high-grafting plant; picking the core when the length of the young shoots is 25-35 cm.
Example 4
Selecting a field:
an orchard Le Cunda Feng garden in Han Yuan county in Atlantic, sichuan province belongs to a subtropical humid climate, is warm in winter and cool in summer, and is clear in four seasons. Average annual temperature is 17.9 ℃, frost free period is 300 days, sunshine hours are 1475.8 hours, annual activity accumulated temperature is 5844.7 ℃, and annual average rainfall is 741.8mm.
The high grafting 'Ming day' seed changing method for the yellow citrus fruit tree comprises the following steps:
group 1: adopting a local conventional grafting mode, after the fruit picking in the next year is completed, applying a base fertilizer (urea 0.5 kg/plant plus farmyard manure 15 kg/plant) in the next 8 months, carrying out high grafting and seed changing in the next 4 months, adopting an abdominal bud mode, and completely cutting off the trunk without leaving 1-2 branches of yellow citrus branches which grow well;
group 2: the same as in example 1, except that no green manure was planted;
group 3: high grafting seed changing was performed as in example 1;
the first year, group 2 and group 3 begin high grafting seed changing; the next year, the high grafting and the seed changing are carried out on the group 1, and the high grafting and the seed changing are finished on the contemporaneous group 2-3; in the third year, fruit quality test is carried out by picking fruits.
TABLE 1 influence of different top-grafting 'Ming day' seed-changing methods on fruit traits of yellow citrus
As can be seen from Table 1, the different top-grafting 'Ming day' seed changing methods also have different effects on the fruit traits of the yellow citrus fruit. Firstly, after the high-grafting 'Ming day' seed changing, the quality of the yellow citrus fruits is obviously superior to that of the traditional yellow citrus fruits, and secondly, by broadcasting a green manure, applying a base fertilizer, carving buds, picking cores and retaining the auxiliary branch of the yellow citrus fruits, the survival rate of the seed changing can be obviously improved, the single weight of the yellow citrus fruits is improved, the content of soluble sugar and soluble solid matters is further improved, the fruit cracking rate is reduced, and the fruit quality is improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The high-grafting 'Ming day' seed changing method for the citrus aurantium is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
sowing green manure in the yellow citrus orchard in middle and late 3 months, and turning over and pressing the green manure in the full-bloom stage; collecting scions of 'Ming day' and performing abdominal bud grafting in the late 8 months; applying a base fertilizer in autumn; in the beginning of 3 months in the next year, bud carving is carried out on the high-grafting trunk of the fruit tree, and the core is picked when the new grafting length is slightly 25-35cm, so that the high-grafting seed changing is completed;
3-7 main branches or side branches and auxiliary branches which grow moderately in 1-2 branches are reserved in the yellow citrus fruit tree, and 9-14 buds are grafted on each tree; the first grafting bud grafting position of the abdominal bud grafting is selected to be 20-40cm above the bifurcation of the main branch or the side branch, and the grafting bud spacing of each branch is 20-30cm;
the bud carving part is 0.5cm to 1cm above the high grafting dry grafting bud of the fruit tree, and the phloem is cut off by a bud carving tool until reaching the xylem; and shearing off Jiang Wangzhi on the upper part during bud carving, and leaving 1 branch with weaker growth as an auxiliary branch of the grafting bud, and shearing off the upper branch after the bud of the 'Ming day' germinates and shoots.
2. The method for replacing the high-grafting 'Ming day' of the yellow citrus fruit according to claim 1, wherein the yellow citrus fruit is a fruit tree with poor fruit quality, serious variety degradation and poor market benefit or a fruit tree with strong plant requirement tree vigor, scientific and reasonable tree layering and no plant diseases and insect pests.
3. The method for replacing the high-grafting 'Ming day' of the yellow citrus fruit according to claim 1, wherein the green manure is one or more of milk vetch and alfalfa, and the sowing is 1.0-1.2 kg/mu.
4. The method for replacing the seed of the yellow citrus hightree 'Ming day' according to claim 1, wherein the scion is an annual mature spring tip, the length of the scion is 20-60cm, and the diameter of the scion is 0.3-0.8cm.
5. The method for replacing the seed of the yellow citrus high-grafting 'Ming day' according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the scion is collected 5-10 days before grafting, all leaves are removed, and the scion is preserved in an environment with the temperature of 10-16 ℃ and the humidity of 80-90%.
6. The method for replacing the high-quality "Ming day" of yellow citrus fruit according to claim 1, wherein said applying the base fertilizer comprises: 3-5kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 1.0-1.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree in the period of late 8 months to 9 months, and the application depth is 0.25-0.5m.
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