CN104025912A - Method for improving capacity of descendants of Solanum nigrum to remedy cadmium-contaminated orchid soil by grafting - Google Patents
Method for improving capacity of descendants of Solanum nigrum to remedy cadmium-contaminated orchid soil by grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104025912A CN104025912A CN201410271248.1A CN201410271248A CN104025912A CN 104025912 A CN104025912 A CN 104025912A CN 201410271248 A CN201410271248 A CN 201410271248A CN 104025912 A CN104025912 A CN 104025912A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving capacity of descendants of Solanum nigrum to remedy cadmium-contaminated orchid soil by grafting and belongs to the field of remediation of environmental heavy metal contamination. The method includes the steps of when five true leaves of a tomato plant expand, cutting off 2+/-0.2cm long stem tips as rootstocks, selecting stem tips of a cadmium-hyper-accumulated Solanum nigrum seedling with 7 true leaves expanding, as scions 3+/-0.2cm long, grafting the stem tips of the Solanum nigrum seedling to the rootstocks of the tomato plant by cleft grafting, and collecting seeds after the seeds of the Solanum nigrum are ripe; raising seedlings in spring, directly transplanting grafted descendant seedlings of the Solanum nigrum with three tree leaves expanding into cadmium-contaminated orchid soil, irrigating to ensure 80% of moisture holding capacity of field soil, and performing daily management; after 60 days when the grafted descendants of the Solanum nigrum are in the full-blossom stage, harvesting overground parts of the grafted descendants. The grafted descendants of the Solanum nigrum employing the tomato rootstocks allow cadmium extraction pear unit area to be increased; the cadmium extraction is 9.30% higher than that achieved by the un-grafted Solanum nigrum. The method has the advantages that the cost is low, operability is high, the method is environment friendly, and the capacity of the Solanum nigrum to remedy the cadmium-contaminated orchid soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the reparation field of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Environments, relate in particular to the method for phytoremediation orchard cadmium pollution.
Background technology
Cadmium is one of heavy metal that toxicity is the strongest, and its animal migration is strong, and extremely low concentration will produce harm to organism.At present administering the more common method of cadmium pollution is to utilize Cd-hyperaccumulator to carry out phytoremediation, but Cd-hyperaccumulator from having screened exists the limitation such as plant is short and small, biomass is low, poor growth mostly, is difficult to meet production requirement.So it is necessary that current existing Cd-hyperaccumulator is improved.
Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) is a kind of Cd-hyperaccumulator of Solanaceae Solanum, is also a kind of common farmland weed, compares with crop, has stronger winning honour for, strive water and strive fertile ability, the feature nourish and grow rapidly, fertility being strong.How further to improve the cadmium accumulation of black nightshade, promoting its remediation efficiency and expanding its application space is the problem that we will solve at present.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a kind of grafting and improves the method that black nightshade offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, thereby improves the ability of black nightshade cadmium pollution soil repair.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of grafting improves the method that black nightshade offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, comprises the following steps:
Treat that 5 true leaves of tomato plant launch, grown the excision of 2 ± 0.2cm stem apex as stock, choose the Cd-hyperaccumulator black nightshade seedling stem apex of 7 true leaves expansion as scion, adopt cleft graft by black nightshade grafting on tomato stock, long 3 ± the 0.2cm of black nightshade scion, after black nightshade seed maturation to be grafted, collect seed; Grow seedlings spring, directly transplants the black nightshade grafting offspring seedling of three true leaves expansion in the orchard soil of cadmium pollution, waters and guarantee that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carries out daily management; After 60 days until black nightshade grafting offspring after full-bloom stage, its acrial part is gathered in.
As selection, described daily management comprises even seedling, weeds a garden.
For a long time, grafting is a kind of conventional means that horticulture man cultivated and improved the economic crops such as fruit tree, vegetables always.Grafting may cause the change of DNA methylation and and then cause the variation of gene expression and produce phenotypic variation.Grafting can cause the variation of the DNA methylation pattern of certain frequency, and the variation that scion occurs is more violent, but changes little for the DNA methylation level of genome range.The variation that methylates that grafting causes mainly passes to offspring by reduction division, the result of the variation of this DNA methylation is not expected, and the research of existing grafting also all concentrate on improve plant output, cultivate new varieties, improve resistance, change the aspects such as quality of yield positive results habit and the improvement fruit of plant, also from finding no research and the report that improves plant offspring heavy metal repair ability by grafting.
The invention provides a kind of grafting and improve the method that black nightshade offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability.Black nightshade in the method is a kind of Cd-hyperaccumulator.The inventor studies discovery, tomato can promote the characteristic of accumulation of Cd-hyperaccumulator black nightshade grafting offspring to heavy metal cadmium as stock, black nightshade grafting offspring seedling replanting using tomato as stock is extremely by the soil of heavy metal cadmium thus, cadmium in absorption and accumulation contaminated soil, after 60 days, until black nightshade grafting offspring, after full-bloom stage, gather in acrial part, thereby reach the object that improves black nightshade cadmium repair ability.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
For convenience of explanation, only show part related to the present invention.
The method that a kind of grafting raising black nightshade offspring that embodiments of the invention provide repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability comprises the following steps:
The black nightshade seed that field is collected is directly seeded in plastic basin, treats that the about 8cm of height of seedling (7 true leaves launch) starts grafting, and processing mode is as follows:
Treat that 5 true leaves of tomato plant launch, using its stem apex (about 2cm) excision as stock, black nightshade stem apex carries out grafting as scion (be about 3cm, take from the black nightshade seedling of the about 8cm of height of seedling).Grafting method is cleft graft, after black nightshade seed maturation, collects seed and preserves.
By the black nightshade seed seedling raising and transplanting of collecting, daily management will irregularly be watered and guarantee that soil moisture conservation is in 80% left and right of field capacity according to soil moisture actual conditions, after 60 days until black nightshade grafting offspring after full-bloom stage, gather in its acrial part.
Comparative experimental example 1: potted plant high concentration cadmium pollution test
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
1, black nightshade grafting offspring's seed collection
The black nightshade seed that collect on farm, school district, Jiang Cong Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district) is directly seeded in plastic basin, treats that the about 8cm of height of seedling (7 true leaves launch) starts grafting, and processing mode is as follows:
(1) not grafting (CK): directly by seedling replanting plantation, collect seed and preserve.
(2) grafting of different stocks: treat that eggplant, potato, 5 true leaves of tomato plant launch, using its stem apex (about 2cm) excision as stock, black nightshade stem apex carries out grafting as scion (be about 3cm, take from the black nightshade seedling of the about 8cm of height of seedling) respectively.Grafting method is cleft graft, with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, carries out bondage, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.After grafting, watering and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%, uses plastic mulching moisturizing, and hides with sunshade net.After 10 days, progressively remove mulch film and sunshade net, and take off the plastic film of bondage, extract all young shoots that stock is sprouted.After grafting survival, according to soil moisture actual conditions, irregularly water and guarantee that soil moisture conservation is in 80% left and right of field capacity, after black nightshade seed maturation, collect seed and preserve.
2, black nightshade grafting offspring seedling culture
In spring (at the beginning of 3 months), the black nightshade grafting progeny seed of different stocks is broadcasted sowing respectively in untainted potted plant soil (soil is taken from orchard), basin specification 15 * 18cm (height * diameter), every basin fills native 3kg, every basin scatters seeds 20, earthing 2mm, watering and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%.When having three true leaves to launch, black nightshade seedling transplants.
3, black nightshade grafting offspring's cadmium is processed
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for potted plant simulated soil heavy metal pollution, in spring (at the beginning of 4 months), transplants the grafting offspring seedling (three true leaves launch) of Solanaceae nightshade black nightshade (Latin is called Solanum nigrum L.).These plant seedlings are planted in the potted plant soil of the heavy metal cadmium that applies 50mg/kg (soil is taken from orchard), basin specification 15 * 18cm (height * diameter), every basin fills native 3kg.Test arranges 4 processing, is respectively: not grafting of black nightshade (CK), eggplant rootstock grafting offspring (first generation), potato stock grafting offspring (first generation), tomato stock grafting offspring (first generation).Every basin is planted 4 strains, and each is processed and repeats 3 times.In transparent rain shade, cultivate, according to soil moisture actual conditions, irregularly water and guarantee that soil moisture conservation is in 80% left and right of field capacity, after 60 days, plant to be planted is after full-bloom stage, and harvesting plant, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, with the form of solution, joins in soil, fully mixes planting plants seedling after balance surrounding.
Embodiment of the present invention result is as follows:
The different stock black nightshade grafting offspring cadmium content characteristic measurements that high concentration cadmium is processed the results are shown in following table 1:
The different stock black nightshade grafting offspring cadmium content characteristics that table 1 high concentration cadmium is processed
Note: TF is transfer ratio: acrial part cadmium content/root system cadmium content.
Show l result and show, different stock grafting offsprings' black nightshade root system cadmium content more not grafting decreases, significant difference.Potato stock offspring and tomato stock offspring's black nightshade cane, the cadmium content of blade be higher than not grafting, but eggplant rootstock offspring's black nightshade cane, the cadmium content of blade lower than not grafting.The size order of black nightshade acrial part cadmium content is: tomato stock offspring > is grafting > potato stock offspring > eggplant rootstock offspring not.Black nightshade transfer ratio after grafting is all higher than not grafting, say that grafting has promoted black nightshade offspring's cadmium to the transfer ability of acrial part, its size order is: not grafting of tomato stock offspring > potato stock offspring > eggplant rootstock offspring >.
The black nightshade grafting offspring's that high concentration cadmium is processed biomass and cadmium accumulation measurement result are shown in following table 2:
The black nightshade grafting offspring's that table 2 high concentration cadmium is processed biomass and cadmium accumulation
Table 2 result shows, the size order of black nightshade root biomass is: tomato stock offspring > is grafting > eggplant rootstock offspring > potato stock offspring not.Black nightshade Aboveground Biomass of Young is descending is respectively not grafting > potato stock offspring > eggplant rootstock offspring of tomato stock offspring >.From cadmium accumulation, black nightshade root system cadmium accumulation maximum be not grafting, secondly be tomato stock offspring and eggplant rootstock offspring, minimum be potato stock offspring.Black nightshade acrial part cadmium accumulation is descending is respectively not grafting > potato stock offspring > eggplant rootstock offspring of tomato stock offspring >.Therefore, the black nightshade grafting offspring of tomato stock is best for restoring cadmium polluted orchard soil.
Comparative experimental example 2: potted plant low concentration cadmium pollution test
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
1, black nightshade grafting offspring's seed collection
The black nightshade seed that collect on farm, school district, Jiang Cong Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district) is directly seeded in plastic basin, treats that the about 8cm of height of seedling (7 true leaves launch) starts grafting, and processing mode is as follows:
(1) not grafting (CK): directly by seedling replanting plantation, collect seed and preserve.
(2) grafting of different stocks: treat that eggplant, potato, 5 true leaves of tomato plant launch, using its stem apex (about 2cm) excision as stock, black nightshade stem apex carries out grafting as scion (be about 3cm, take from the black nightshade seedling of the about 8cm of height of seedling) respectively.Grafting method is cleft graft, with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, carries out bondage, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.After grafting, watering and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%, uses plastic mulching moisturizing, and hides with sunshade net.After 10 days, progressively remove mulch film and sunshade net, and take off the plastic film of bondage, extract all young shoots that stock is sprouted.After grafting survival, according to soil moisture actual conditions, irregularly water and guarantee that soil moisture conservation is in 80% left and right of field capacity, after black nightshade seed maturation, collect seed and preserve.
2, black nightshade grafting offspring seedling culture
In spring (at the beginning of 3 months), the black nightshade grafting progeny seed of different stocks is broadcasted sowing respectively in untainted potted plant soil (soil is taken from orchard), basin specification 15 * 18cm (height * diameter), every basin fills native 3kg, every basin scatters seeds 20, earthing 2mm, watering and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%.When having three true leaves to launch, black nightshade seedling transplants.
3, black nightshade grafting offspring's cadmium is processed
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for potted plant simulated soil heavy metal pollution, in spring (at the beginning of 4 months), transplants Solanaceae nightshade black nightshade (Latin is called Solanum nigrum L.) seedling (three true leaves launch).These plant seedlings are planted in the potted plant soil of the heavy metal cadmium that applies 3.5mg/kg (soil is taken from orchard), basin specification 15 * 18cm (height * diameter), every basin fills native 2kg.Test arranges 4 processing, is respectively: not grafting of black nightshade (CK), eggplant rootstock grafting offspring (first generation), potato stock grafting offspring (first generation), tomato stock grafting offspring (first generation).Every basin is planted 4 strains, and each is processed and repeats 3 times.In transparent rain shade, cultivate, according to soil moisture actual conditions, irregularly water and guarantee that soil moisture conservation is in 80% left and right of field capacity, after 60 days, plant to be planted is after full-bloom stage, and harvesting plant, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, with the form of solution, joins in soil, fully mixes planting plants seedling after balance surrounding.
The different stock black nightshade grafting offspring cadmium content characteristic measurements that low concentration cadmium is processed the results are shown in following table 3:
The different stock black nightshade grafting offspring cadmium content characteristics that table 3 low concentration cadmium is processed
Note: TF is transfer ratio: acrial part cadmium content/root system cadmium content.
Table 3 shows, under low concentration cadmium is processed, identical with test example one, the black nightshade root system cadmium content of grafting is maximum, be secondly eggplant rootstock offspring and potato stock offspring, tomato stock offspring minimum.Potato stock offspring and tomato stock offspring's black nightshade cane, the cadmium content of blade be higher than not grafting, but eggplant rootstock offspring's black nightshade cane, the cadmium content of blade lower than not grafting.Black nightshade acrial part cadmium content is descending is followed successively by not grafting > eggplant rootstock offspring of tomato stock offspring > potato stock offspring >.Black nightshade transfer ratio tomato stock offspring is 1.29 to the maximum, is secondly potato stock offspring and eggplant rootstock offspring, and the minimum of grafting is not only 0.69.
The different stock black nightshade grafting offsprings' that low concentration cadmium is processed biomass and cadmium accumulation measurement result are shown in following table 4:
The different stock black nightshade grafting offsprings' that table 4 low concentration cadmium is processed biomass and cadmium accumulation
Table 4 result shows, under low concentration cadmium is processed, tomato stock offspring's black nightshade root biomass is maximum, is secondly not grafting and eggplant rootstock offspring, potato stock minimum.Black nightshade Aboveground Biomass of Young is descending is respectively not grafting > potato stock offspring > eggplant rootstock offspring of tomato stock offspring >.Secondly identical with test example one, black nightshade root system cadmium content is the maximum of not grafting, be eggplant rootstock offspring and tomato stock offspring, potato stock offspring minimum, be only not grafting root system cadmium content 62.27%.Black nightshade acrial part cadmium content is descending is followed successively by not grafting > eggplant rootstock offspring of tomato stock offspring > potato stock offspring >.Therefore, the black nightshade grafting offspring of tomato stock can be used in restoring cadmium polluted orchard soil.
Comparative experimental example 3: small plot experiment
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
1, black nightshade grafting offspring's seed collection
The black nightshade seed that collect on farm, school district, Jiang Cong Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district) is directly seeded in plastic basin, treats that the about 8cm of height of seedling (7 true leaves launch) starts grafting, and processing mode is as follows:
(1) not grafting (CK): directly by seedling replanting plantation, collect seed and preserve.
(2) grafting of different stocks: treat that eggplant, potato, 5 true leaves of tomato plant launch, using its stem apex (about 2cm) excision as stock, black nightshade stem apex carries out grafting as scion (be about 3cm, take from the black nightshade seedling of the about 8cm of height of seedling) respectively.Grafting method is cleft graft, with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, carries out bondage, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.After grafting, watering and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%, uses plastic mulching moisturizing, and hides with sunshade net.After 10 days, progressively remove mulch film and sunshade net, and take off the plastic film of bondage, extract all young shoots that stock is sprouted.After grafting survival, according to soil moisture actual conditions, irregularly water and guarantee that soil moisture conservation is in 80% left and right of field capacity, after black nightshade seed maturation, collect seed and preserve.
2, black nightshade grafting offspring seedling culture
In spring (at the beginning of 3 months), the black nightshade grafting progeny seed of different stocks is broadcasted sowing respectively in untainted potted plant soil (soil is taken from orchard), basin specification 15 * 18cm (height * diameter), every basin fills native 3kg, every basin scatters seeds 20, earthing 2mm, watering and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%.When having three true leaves to launch, black nightshade seedling transplants.
3, black nightshade grafting offspring's cadmium is processed
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for small plot experiment heavy metal pollution of soil, in spring (at the beginning of 4 months), transplants Solanaceae nightshade black nightshade (Latin is called Solanum nigrum L.) seedling (three true leaves launch).These plant seedlings are planted in the community soil that applies 3.5mg/kg (soil is taken from orchard) to each community area 1.0m2 (1.0 * 1.0m).Test arranges 4 processing, be respectively: not grafting of black nightshade (CK), eggplant rootstock grafting offspring (first generation), potato stock grafting offspring (first generation), tomato stock grafting offspring (first generation), each is processed 3 times and repeats (San Ge community).The planting density of each community is 100 strains/m
2(distance between rows and hills is 10cm).According to soil moisture actual conditions, irregularly water and guarantee that soil moisture conservation is in 80% left and right of field capacity, after 60 days, plant to be planted is after full-bloom stage, and harvesting plant, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, with the form of solution, joins in soil, fully mixes planting plants seedling after balance surrounding.
The different stock black nightshade of small plot experiment grafting offspring's cadmium repairing effect measurement result is shown in following table 5:
The different stock black nightshade of table 5 small plot experiment grafting offspring's cadmium repairing effect
Small plot experiment result shows, black nightshade acrial part cadmium content tomato stock offspring maximum, and next is potato stock offspring and not grafting, eggplant rootstock offspring is minimum.Black nightshade Aboveground Biomass of Young is descending is followed successively by not grafting > potato stock offspring > eggplant rootstock offspring of tomato stock offspring >.The size order of black nightshade acrial part cadmium accumulation is: tomato stock offspring > is grafting > potato stock offspring > eggplant rootstock offspring not, wherein, the black nightshade offspring acrial part cadmium accumulation of tomato stock grafting more not grafting improved 9.30%.Therefore, the black nightshade grafting offspring of tomato stock can be used in restoring cadmium polluted orchard soil, and can obtain good effect.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. grafting improves the method that black nightshade offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Treat that 5 true leaves of tomato plant launch, grown the excision of 2 ± 0.2cm stem apex as stock, choose the Cd-hyperaccumulator black nightshade seedling stem apex of 7 true leaves expansion as scion, adopt cleft graft by black nightshade grafting on tomato stock, long 3 ± the 0.2cm of black nightshade scion, after black nightshade seed maturation to be grafted, collect seed; Grow seedlings spring, directly transplants the black nightshade grafting offspring seedling of three true leaves expansion in the orchard soil of cadmium pollution, waters and guarantee that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carries out daily management; After 60 days until black nightshade grafting offspring after full-bloom stage, its acrial part is gathered in.
2. grafting as claimed in claim 1 improves the method that black nightshade offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, it is characterized in that, described daily management comprises even seedling, weeds a garden.
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| CN108093911A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-01 | 四川农业大学 | It is a kind of to enhance method of the flowers of sulfur chrysanthemum to orchard cadmium pollution soil repair ability |
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| CN108271613A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-07-13 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of method that miscegenation root of bidentate achyranthes chrysanthemum grafting offspring reduces Cd accumulation in tree tomato |
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