CN111149603B - Prevention and treatment method for citrus sapling yellow shoot - Google Patents

Prevention and treatment method for citrus sapling yellow shoot Download PDF

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CN111149603B
CN111149603B CN202010078599.6A CN202010078599A CN111149603B CN 111149603 B CN111149603 B CN 111149603B CN 202010078599 A CN202010078599 A CN 202010078599A CN 111149603 B CN111149603 B CN 111149603B
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citrus
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张戈壁
武晓晓
牛英
唐明丽
阳廷密
张素英
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Guangxi Academy Of Specialty Crops
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating citrus greening disease of young citrus trees, and belongs to the technical field of prevention and treatment of citrus greening disease. The method for preventing and treating the citrus young tree yellow shoot disease comprises the following steps: step 1: carrying out insecticidal treatment; step 2: sterilizing; and step 3: fertilizing management; and 4, step 4: and (4) controlling other pests. According to the invention, 1-3-year-old citrus saplings are subjected to insecticidal treatment, so that the citrus psyllids can be effectively prevented and controlled; the sterilization treatment can interfere the growth of the pathogen of the huanglongbing disease; the fertilization management can enhance the tree vigor, promote the root growth and improve the disease resistance of the tree body. Through the four measures, the citrus sapling huanglongbing can be effectively prevented and treated, the healthy growth of trees is ensured, and the prevention and treatment effect is remarkable.

Description

Prevention and treatment method for citrus sapling yellow shoot
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating citrus greening disease of young citrus trees, and belongs to the technical field of prevention and treatment of citrus greening disease.
Background
The citrus yellow shoot mainly takes citrus psyllid as a transmission medium and can be transmitted by means of nursery stocks, scions and the like. After citrus young shoots are bitten by the psylla citri, the pathogen of the huanglongbing in the oral cavity and the digestive tract is injected into citrus trees and is conducted downwards to the roots through the phloem to cause the roots to be rotten, the absorption capacity is sharply reduced to seriously affect the growth of the trees, and the infected fruit trees can not produce normal fruits, thereby affecting the economic benefit. Citrus infection with huanglongbing manifests a range of physiological and pathological changes, such as: the osmotic concentration of the vein squeezing liquid is 1/3-1/2 higher than that of healthy plants. Observation of the cell sub-microstructure of diseased leaves shows that starch granules in chloroplasts are abnormally expanded, basal granule layers are damaged, and arrangement is disordered and loose; the cytoplasmic membrane is concaved to form a cytoplasmic membrane body which contains a plurality of vacuoles with different shapes; mitochondrial inner ridge rupture is incomplete or effaced. Pathogens can pass through the openings in the sieve plates and into the adjacent sieve cells. The thallus can also erode the cell wall of the sieve tube cell to form a plurality of erosion holes, and becomes another channel for the thallus to move to the adjacent sieve tube cell besides the sieve hole.
The outbreak of yellow dragon disease in the orchard can be controlled by effectively controlling the number of diaphorina citri in the orchard. The disease-carrying nursery stock or the disease-carrying scion is the main cause of long-distance disease transmission, and a new disease-free area is changed into a diseased area. At present, three measures of planting disease-free seedlings, preventing psyllids and cutting diseased trees are mainly used for preventing and treating citrus greening diseases, and due to the fact that a large number of citrus greening diseases exist in an epidemic area, the citrus greening diseases are caused by the fact that the citrus greening diseases cannot be resisted by the citrus greening diseases even though the citrus greening diseases are disease-free seedlings in planting, the disease resistance of the citrus greening diseases is gradually enhanced along with the growth of tree bodies, therefore, the citrus greening trees are the most dangerous time within 1-3 years, and how to prevent the greening diseases of the citrus greening trees is particularly important.
The 1-3 year old citrus saplings grow vigorously and the young tips of the citrus saplings are not regularly drawn, which brings inconvenience for the work of controlling the citrus psyllids, the downward conduction speed of the phloem of the saplings is high, and the distance from the new tips to the roots is short, so the citrus saplings are easily infected by the diseases in a new planting area, and the symptoms are quickly shown after the pathogen of the huanglongbing disease is infected.
In view of this, it is necessary to research a method for preventing and treating liberobacter asiaticum of citrus saplings to solve the defects of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for preventing and treating citrus sapling huanglongbing. According to the invention, 1-3-year-old citrus saplings are subjected to insecticidal treatment, so that the citrus psyllids can be effectively prevented and controlled; the sterilization treatment can interfere the growth of the pathogen of the huanglongbing disease; the fertilization management can enhance the tree vigor, promote the root growth and improve the disease resistance of the tree body. Through the four measures, the citrus sapling huanglongbing can be effectively prevented and treated, the healthy growth of trees is ensured, and the prevention and treatment effect is remarkable.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for preventing and treating citrus young tree yellow shoot comprises the following steps:
step 1: insecticidal treatment
For 1-3 year old citrus saplings, the annular ditch application method and the leaf surface spraying method are adopted to carry out insecticidal treatment in 3-12 months per year, wherein,
the annular ditch application method comprises the steps of digging an annular ditch below a tree crown drip line of a citrus sapling, uniformly mixing a mixture of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and chlorpyrifos granules with fine soil according to a mass ratio of 1 (0.8-1.2), then spreading the mixture in the annular ditch, and then covering soil once every 30d-45 d;
the foliar spray method is that when young shoots grow out every year, the mixture of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and pymetrozine water dispersible granules, the mixture of efficient cyhalothrin and spirotetramat or the mixture of sulfoxaflor and chlorpyrifos granules are sprayed on the foliar for three times;
step 2: sterilization treatment
Sterilizing 1-3-year-old citrus trees in 4-11 months per year by adopting a 'one-irrigation two-spraying' method, wherein the root irrigation treatment is carried out by adopting zinc thiazole in the first irrigation 10-15 days before young shoots sprout every year; the two-time spraying is to spray the leaf surfaces twice by adopting the mixture of the zinc thiazole and the pyraclostrobin when young shoots grow out every year;
and step 3: fertilizing management;
and 4, step 4: and (4) controlling other pests.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, in the step 1 of the invention, a ring-shaped ditch application method is adopted, and the insecticide consisting of the mixture of the imidacloprid water dispersible granules and the chlorpyrifos granules is applied, and can be directly absorbed by the root system of the citrus trees. The annular groove application method can increase the absorption area of the root system of the tree and can effectively play a role in killing insects. The imidacloprid is a nitromethylene systemic insecticide, is an action body of a nicotine acetylcholine receptor, can interfere a pest motor nervous system to cause the failure of chemical signal transmission, has no cross resistance problem, and is used for preventing and treating piercing-sucking mouthpart pests and resistant strains thereof. It is a new generation of chloronicotinyl insecticide, and has the advantages of broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, less resistance of pests, multiple drug effects of contact killing, stomach toxicity and systemic absorption, upward conduction of the inhaled drug, mainly conduction to young tips, less influence of temperature, no movement in soil and long duration.
The chlorpyrifos granule belongs to an organophosphorus pesticide, has the functions of stomach toxicity, contact poisoning and fumigation, is slowly decomposed in soil, has extremely strong effect on pests in the soil, is a main pesticide for preventing and controlling soil pests abroad, and can also prevent and control solenopsis invicta and termites.
In the step 1 of the invention, the mixture of thiamethoxam and pymetrozine, the mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin and spirotetramat or the mixture of flonicamid and chlorpyrifos are adopted to spray the leaf surfaces for three times, which mainly prevents the diaphorina citri from being the tender tips, because the time from growing to maturing of the tender tips of the citrus needs 45d to 50d, and the protection of the pesticide must be obtained in the period.
Wherein, the adopted thiamethoxam, pymetrozine, lambda-cyhalothrin, spirotetramat and flonicamid are all high-efficiency control agents of the diaphorina citri.
Secondly, in the step 2 of the invention, the sterilization treatment is carried out by adopting a one-irrigation two-spraying method, which can interfere the growth of the pathogen of the huanglongbing disease. Wherein, the adopted zinc thiazole is a bactericide consisting of two groups. One is thiazole group, which has no inhibition to bacteria in vitro but is a highly effective therapeutic agent in vivo, and the agent is in the perforated vessel of the plant, the bacteria are seriously damaged, the cell wall is thinned and then is disintegrated, and the bacteria die. And zinc ions have the functions of killing fungi and bacteria and can supplement zinc element necessary for the growth of the citrus. The zinc ion in the preparation and the cation (H) on the surface of the cell membrane of pathogenic bacteria+、K+Etc.) exchange, resulting in the coagulation of proteins on the germ cell membrane to kill the germ; part of zinc ions permeate into pathogenic bacteria cells, are combined with certain enzymes, influence the activity of the pathogenic bacteria, cause dysfunction, and cause the pathogenic bacteria to die. Under the combined action of the two groups, the bactericide can kill germs more thoroughly and has better prevention and treatment effects.
Pyraclostrobin is a systemic fungus drug, but in practice, the early use of pyraclostrobin is found to really reduce the incidence degree of bacterial diseases (the citrus huanglongbing belongs to gram-negative bacteria, belongs to the class of proteobacteria, and belongs to the genus of phloem with undetermined taxonomic status of subclasses), the current mechanism is unknown, the pyraclostrobin is effective on fungi, the compound systemic bactericide has obvious synergy, and the resistance is not easy to occur. The single application has poor or even no effect on bacterial diseases, and the pyraclostrobin can increase the nitrogen assimilation of plants (the process of converting inorganic nitrogen in the plants into organic nitrogen), remarkably improve the chlorophyll content of leaves, improve the fruit quality, accelerate the generation of antiviral protein and improve the stress resistance of crops.
Thirdly, in the step 3 of the invention, fertilization management is carried out, which can enhance tree vigor, promote root growth and improve the disease resistance of the tree body.
Fourthly, in the step 4 of the invention, other common plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and controlled, the influence of the plant diseases and insect pests on the tree body can be reduced, and the healthy growth of the tree body is promoted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, 1-3-year-old citrus saplings are subjected to insecticidal treatment, so that the citrus psyllids can be effectively prevented and controlled; the sterilization treatment can interfere the growth of the pathogen of the huanglongbing disease; the fertilization management can enhance the tree vigor, promote the root growth and improve the disease resistance of the tree body. Through the four measures, the citrus sapling huanglongbing can be effectively prevented and treated, the healthy growth of trees is ensured, and the prevention and treatment effect is remarkable.
2. The method for preventing and treating the citrus young tree yellow shoot disease is simple, easy to operate, low in cost, wide in market prospect and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in step 1, the annular trench application method specifically includes:
applying 25g-35g of an imidacloprid water dispersible granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 70% and 45g-55g of a chlorpyrifos granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 10% to each young citrus tree of 1 year;
applying 35g to 45g of an imidacloprid water dispersible granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 70% and 95g to 105g of a chlorpyrifos granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 15% to each 2-year-old citrus young tree;
for 3-year-old citrus saplings, 45g-55g of an imidacloprid water dispersible granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 70% and 145g-155g of a chlorpyrifos granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 15% are applied to each tree.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: aiming at the 1 year old citrus saplings, 2 year old citrus saplings and 3 year old citrus saplings, the dosage of the pesticide is gradually increased along with the growth of the saplings, so that the insecticidal effect is improved.
Further, in the step 1, the three-time spraying of the foliage specifically comprises:
when young shoots grow to be 0.5cm-1cm, a mixture of 25% by mass of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and 50% by mass of pymetrozine water dispersible granules is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for the first time until the leaf surfaces drip water;
5d-7d after the first spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the second time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of 10% of efficient cyhalothrin and 240g/L spirotetramat in percentage by mass;
and 7d-10d after the second spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the third time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of the flonicamid 22 percent and the chlorpyrifos granules 40 percent.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the method, the diaphorina citri can be prevented and treated as the tender tips. The thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, the pymetrozine water dispersible granules, the efficient cyhalothrin, the spirotetramat, the sulfoxaflor and the chlorpyrifos granules are all efficient control agents for the diaphorina citri.
Further, in the step 1, the diameter of the fine soil is 0.2cm-0.5 cm.
Further, in step 2, the root irrigation treatment specifically comprises:
for 1 year old citrus saplings, 10 days to 15 days before the sprouts sprout, adding 25ml to 35ml of 20 mass percent zinc thiazole into 10kg of water for each plant, and spraying under the crown of the tree;
for the 2-year-old citrus saplings, adding 35ml to 45ml of 20 mass percent zinc thiazole with 10kg of water into each tree 10d to 15d before the young shoots sprout, and spraying under the crowns;
for the 3-year-old citrus saplings, 45ml to 55ml of zinc thiazole with the mass percent of 20 percent is added with 10kg of water for each plant 10d to 15d before the sprouts of the new shoots, and the mixture is sprayed under the tree crowns.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the method, the root of the citrus tree can be effectively sterilized.
Further, in step 2, the two-time spraying specifically comprises:
when young shoots grow to be 1cm-3cm, the mixture of 20% of zinc thiazole and 20% of pyraclostrobin is adopted to spray the leaf surfaces for the first time;
and 5d-7d after the first spraying, performing second spraying according to the method of the first spraying.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the method, the leaf surface of the citrus tree can be effectively sterilized.
Further, in step 3, the specific method for fertilizer application management is as follows:
digging a strip-shaped ditch below a tree crown drip line in 6-7 months of each year, and applying a mixture of 1.5-3 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.3 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.2-0.3 kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each tree;
digging another two strip-shaped ditches below the water dripping line of the crown in 12 months to 1 month of the next year each year, and applying a mixture of 1kg-2kg of organic fertilizer and 0.2kg-0.3kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant;
0.1kg-0.25kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each plant for 1-2 times when young shoots are sprouted every year;
and (3) spraying 10% of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for 3-4 times per plant in 5-8 months of each year.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the method, the tree vigor can be enhanced, the root growth can be promoted, and the disease resistance of the tree body can be improved.
Furthermore, in the organic fertilizer, on a drying basis, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0%, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5.
Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of a plurality of peanut bran, rapeseed bran, tung bran, soybean meal, decomposed pig manure, decomposed cow manure, decomposed sheep manure, decomposed chicken manure and commercial organic fertilizer.
Further, in the balanced compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15% or 16%.
The balanced compound fertilizer can be purchased on the market, for example, the balanced compound fertilizer can be purchased from agricultural production data science and technology limited company in cigarette market, the product name is Shima compound fertilizer, the specification is that the mass percentage content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15%, the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 45%, or the mass percentage content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 16%, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 48%.
Further, in the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen is more than or equal to 28 percent.
The high-nitrogen compound fertilizer can be purchased in the market, for example, can be purchased from ecological engineering Limited under Shenzhen nong's Tian, and the product name is potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer, and the specifications are that the mass percent of nitrogen is 28%, the mass percent of phosphorus pentoxide is 10%, the mass percent of potassium oxide is 12%, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 50%.
Further, in step 4, the other pest control specifically comprises:
prevention and treatment of citrus red spiders: when the number of red spiders of a single plant of a 1-3-year-old citrus tree is more than or equal to 200, pesticide spraying control is carried out, and the pesticide is any one or a mixture of two of 24 mass percent of 3000-fold spirodiclofen solution, 20 mass percent of 2000-fold etoxazole solution and 20 mass percent of 3000-fold bifenazate solution;
and (3) preventing and controlling citrus leaf miner and citrus aphid: when the young shoots of 1-3 year old citrus trees grow 1-2 cm each time, spraying pesticide for prevention and control are continuously carried out for 2-3 times at intervals of 5d-7d each time, and the pesticide is any one or a mixture of two of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 1000-2000 times liquid with the mass percent of 10% and flubendiamide 2000-3000 times liquid with the mass percent of 20%;
and (3) prevention and control of citrus anthracnose: in spring, summer and autumn young shoot periods, the pesticide is sprayed once respectively, the pesticide is any one of 1500 times liquid of 25 percent by mass of prochloraz, 3000 times liquid of 25 percent by mass of pyraclostrobin 2000-containing and 1000 times liquid of 30 percent by mass of pyrazopropineb, and the pesticide is used alternately.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the main pests and diseases of the 1-3-year-old citrus saplings are as follows: citrus red mite, citrus leaf miner, citrus aphid, citrus anthracnose, and the like. By adopting the method, the adverse effect of the plant diseases and insect pests on the tree body can be effectively eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the state of digging a circular furrow for young citrus trees in test group B in Experimental example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the spraying of the foliage of the citrus saplings in test group C in Experimental example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the growth of citrus saplings after control in test group E in experimental example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the growth of citrus saplings after control in test group G in Experimental example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following detailed drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method for preventing and treating the citrus young tree yellow shoot disease comprises the following steps:
step 1: insecticidal treatment
For 1-3 year old citrus saplings, the annular ditch application method and the leaf surface spraying method are adopted to carry out insecticidal treatment in 3-12 months per year, wherein,
the annular ditch application method comprises the steps of digging an annular ditch below a tree crown dripping line of a citrus sapling, uniformly mixing a mixture of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and chlorpyrifos granules with fine soil with the diameter of 0.2cm-0.5cm according to the mass ratio of 1:0.8, then spreading the mixture in the annular ditch, and covering soil once every 30d-45 d.
The method comprises the following steps:
applying 25g of 70 mass percent aqueous solution of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and 45g of 10 mass percent aqueous solution of chlorpyrifos granules to 1-year-old citrus saplings;
applying 35g of 70 mass percent aqueous solution of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and 95g of 15 mass percent aqueous solution of chlorpyrifos granules to 2-year-old citrus saplings;
45g of 70 mass percent imidacloprid water dispersible granule aqueous solution and 145g of 15 mass percent chlorpyrifos granular aqueous solution are applied to each of the 3-year-old citrus young trees.
The foliar spraying method is to spray the foliar for three times by using a mixture of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and pymetrozine water dispersible granules, a mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin and spirotetramat, or a mixture of sulfoxaflor and chlorpyrifos granules when young shoots grow out every year. The method comprises the following steps:
when a young sprout grows to 0.5cm, a mixture of 25 mass percent of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and 50 mass percent of pymetrozine water dispersible granules is sprayed on the leaf surface for the first time until the leaf surface drips;
5d after the first spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the second time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of 10 percent by mass of efficient cyhalothrin and 240g/L spirotetramat;
and 7d after the second spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the third time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of 22 mass percent of flonicamid and 40 mass percent of chlorpyrifos granules.
Step 2: sterilization treatment
Sterilizing 1-3 year-old citrus trees in 4-11 months per year by adopting a 'one-irrigation two-spraying' method, wherein the root irrigation treatment is carried out by adopting zinc thiazole in the first irrigation 10-15 days before young shoots sprout every year. The method comprises the following steps:
for 1 year old citrus saplings, 10 days to 15 days before the sprouts sprout, adding 25ml of 20 percent zinc thiazole into 10kg of water by mass percent for each plant, and spraying under the crown;
for the 2-year-old citrus saplings, 10 days to 15 days before the sprouts sprout, 35ml of 20 percent zinc thiazole is added with 10kg of water for each plant by mass percent, and the mixture is sprayed under the tree crowns;
for the 3-year-old citrus saplings, 45ml of 20 mass percent zinc thiazole is added with 10kg of water for each plant 10d-15d before the sprouts sprout, and the mixture is sprayed under the crowns.
The two-time spraying is to spray the leaf surfaces twice by adopting the mixture of the zinc thiazole and the pyraclostrobin when young shoots grow out every year. The method comprises the following steps:
when young shoots grow to be 1cm, the mixture of 20% of zinc thiazole and 20% of pyraclostrobin is adopted to spray the leaf surfaces for the first time;
and 5d after the first spraying, performing second spraying according to the method of the first spraying.
And step 3: fertilization management, specifically:
digging a strip-shaped ditch below a tree crown drip line in 6-7 months of each year, and applying a mixture of 1.5kg of decomposed pig manure, 0.2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.2kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant;
digging another two strip-shaped ditches below a tree crown drip line in 12 months to 1 month in the next year every year, and applying a mixture of 1kg of decomposed pig manure and 0.2kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant;
0.1kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each plant for 1-2 times when young shoots are sprouted every year;
and (3) spraying 10% humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for each plant for 3 times in 5-8 months of each year.
And 4, step 4: and (3) controlling other pests:
prevention and treatment of citrus red spiders: when the number of red spiders of a single plant of a 1-3-year-old citrus tree is more than or equal to 200, pesticide spraying control is carried out, and the pesticide is 3000 times of spirodiclofen liquid with the mass percentage of 24%;
and (3) preventing and controlling citrus leaf miner and citrus aphid: when the young shoots of 1-3 years old citrus trees grow 1-2 cm each time, spraying pesticide for prevention and control are carried out for 2-3 times continuously, the interval is 5d-7d each time, and the pesticide is 2000 times of 1000-fold liquid of the efficient cyhalothrin with the mass percent of 10%;
and (3) prevention and control of citrus anthracnose: in spring, summer and autumn young shoot periods, the pesticide is sprayed once respectively, the pesticide is any one of 1500 times liquid of 25 percent by mass of prochloraz, 3000 times liquid of 25 percent by mass of pyraclostrobin 2000-containing and 1000 times liquid of 30 percent by mass of pyrazopropineb, and the pesticide is used alternately.
Example 2
The method for preventing and treating the citrus young tree yellow shoot disease comprises the following steps:
step 1: insecticidal treatment
For 1-3 year old citrus saplings, the annular ditch application method and the leaf surface spraying method are adopted to carry out insecticidal treatment in 3-12 months per year, wherein,
the annular ditch application method comprises the steps of digging an annular ditch below a tree crown dripping line of a citrus sapling, uniformly mixing a mixture of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and chlorpyrifos granules with fine soil with the diameter of 0.2cm-0.5cm according to the mass ratio of 1:1, then spreading the mixture in the annular ditch, and then covering soil once every 30d-45 d.
The method comprises the following steps:
applying 30g of 70 mass percent aqueous solution of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and 50g of 10 mass percent aqueous solution of chlorpyrifos granules to 1-year-old citrus saplings;
applying 40g of an imidacloprid water dispersible granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 70% and 100g of a chlorpyrifos granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 15% to 2-year-old citrus saplings;
50g of 70 mass percent imidacloprid water dispersible granule aqueous solution and 150g of 15 mass percent chlorpyrifos granular aqueous solution are applied to each of the 3-year-old citrus young trees.
The foliar spraying method is to spray the foliar for three times by using a mixture of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and pymetrozine water dispersible granules, a mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin and spirotetramat, or a mixture of sulfoxaflor and chlorpyrifos granules when young shoots grow out every year. The method comprises the following steps:
when a young sprout grows to 0.8cm, a mixture of 25 mass percent of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and 50 mass percent of pymetrozine water dispersible granules is sprayed on the leaf surface for the first time until the leaf surface drips;
6d after the first spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the second time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of 10 percent by mass of efficient cyhalothrin and 240g/L spirotetramat;
and 8d after the second spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the third time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of 22 mass percent flonicamid and 40 mass percent chlorpyrifos granules.
Step 2: sterilization treatment
Sterilizing 1-3 year-old citrus trees in 4-11 months per year by adopting a 'one-irrigation two-spraying' method, wherein the root irrigation treatment is carried out by adopting zinc thiazole in the first irrigation 10-15 days before young shoots sprout every year. The method comprises the following steps:
for 1 year old citrus saplings, 10 days to 15 days before the sprouts sprout, each plant is sprayed with 30ml of 20 percent zinc thiazole mixed with 10kg of water by mass percent under the crown;
for the 2-year-old citrus saplings, 40ml of 20 mass percent zinc thiazole is added with 10kg of water for each plant 10d-15d before the sprouts sprout, and the mixture is sprayed under the crowns;
for the 3-year-old citrus saplings, 50ml of 20% zinc thiazole with 10kg of water is added into each tree 10d-15d before the sprouts sprout, and the mixture is sprayed under the crowns.
The two-time spraying is to spray the leaf surfaces twice by adopting the mixture of the zinc thiazole and the pyraclostrobin when young shoots grow out every year. The method comprises the following steps:
when young shoots grow to be 2cm, the mixture of 20% of zinc thiazole and 20% of pyraclostrobin is adopted to spray the leaf surfaces for the first time;
and 6d after the first spraying, performing second spraying according to the method of the first spraying.
And step 3: fertilization management, specifically:
digging a strip-shaped ditch below a tree crown dripping line in 6-7 months of each year, and applying a mixture of 2kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 0.25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.25kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each tree;
digging another two strip-shaped ditches below the water dripping line of the crown in 12 months to 1 month of the next year each year, and applying a mixture of 1.5kg of commercial organic fertilizer and 0.25kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant;
0.2kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each plant for 1-2 times when young shoots are sprouted every year;
and (4) spraying 10% humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for each plant for 4 times in 5-8 months of each year.
And 4, step 4: and (3) controlling other pests:
prevention and treatment of citrus red spiders: when the number of red spiders of a single plant of a 1-3-year-old citrus tree is more than or equal to 200, pesticide spraying control is carried out, and the pesticide is a mixture of 20 mass percent etoxazole 2000-fold liquid and 20 mass percent bifenazate 3000-fold liquid;
and (3) preventing and controlling citrus leaf miner and citrus aphid: when the young shoots of 1-3 years old citrus trees grow 1-2 cm each time, spraying pesticide for prevention and control are continuously carried out for 2-3 times at intervals of 5d-7d each time, wherein the pesticide is a mixture of 10 mass percent of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 1000-fold liquid and 20 mass percent of flubendiamide 2000-fold liquid;
and (3) prevention and control of citrus anthracnose: in spring, summer and autumn young shoot periods, the pesticide is sprayed once respectively, the pesticide is any one of 1500 times liquid of 25 percent by mass of prochloraz, 3000 times liquid of 25 percent by mass of pyraclostrobin 2000-containing and 1000 times liquid of 30 percent by mass of pyrazopropineb, and the pesticide is used alternately.
Example 3
The method for preventing and treating the citrus young tree yellow shoot disease comprises the following steps:
step 1: insecticidal treatment
For 1-3 year old citrus saplings, the annular ditch application method and the leaf surface spraying method are adopted to carry out insecticidal treatment in 3-12 months per year, wherein,
the annular ditch application method comprises the steps of digging an annular ditch below a tree crown dripping line of a citrus sapling, uniformly mixing a mixture of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and chlorpyrifos granules with fine soil with the diameter of 0.2cm-0.5cm according to the mass ratio of 1:1.2, then spreading the mixture in the annular ditch, and covering soil once every 45 days. The method comprises the following steps:
applying 35g of 70 mass percent aqueous solution of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and 55g of 10 mass percent aqueous solution of chlorpyrifos granules to 1-year-old citrus saplings;
applying 45g of 70 mass percent aqueous solution of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and 105g of 15 mass percent aqueous solution of chlorpyrifos granules to 2-year-old citrus saplings;
55g of 70 mass percent aqueous solution of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and 155g of 15 mass percent aqueous solution of chlorpyrifos granules are applied to the 3-year-old citrus saplings.
The foliar spraying method is to spray the foliar for three times by using a mixture of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and pymetrozine water dispersible granules, a mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin and spirotetramat, or a mixture of sulfoxaflor and chlorpyrifos granules when young shoots grow out every year. The method comprises the following steps:
when young shoots grow to be 1cm, spraying the mixture of 25% by mass of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and 50% by mass of pymetrozine water dispersible granules on the leaf surfaces for the first time until the leaf surfaces drip water;
7d after the first spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the second time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of 10 percent by mass of efficient cyhalothrin and 240g/L spirotetramat;
and 10d after the second spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the third time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of 22 mass percent flonicamid and 40 mass percent chlorpyrifos granules.
Step 2: sterilization treatment
Sterilizing 1-3 year-old citrus trees in 4-11 months per year by adopting a 'one-irrigation two-spraying' method, wherein the root irrigation treatment is carried out by adopting zinc thiazole in the first irrigation 10-15 days before young shoots sprout every year. The method comprises the following steps:
for 1 year old citrus saplings, 10 days to 15 days before the sprouts sprout, 35ml of 20 percent zinc thiazole is added with 10kg of water by mass percent for each plant, and the mixture is sprayed under the crown;
for the 2-year-old citrus saplings, 10 days to 15 days before the sprouts sprout, adding 20 percent of zinc thiazole 45ml into 10kg of water by mass percent for each plant, and spraying under the crown of the tree;
for the 3-year-old citrus saplings, 55ml of 20 mass percent zinc thiazole added with 10kg of water is sprayed under the tree crowns 10d-15d before the sprouts sprout.
The two-time spraying is to spray the leaf surfaces twice by adopting the mixture of the zinc thiazole and the pyraclostrobin when young shoots grow out every year. The method comprises the following steps:
when young shoots grow to be 3cm, the mixture of 20% of zinc thiazole and 20% of pyraclostrobin is adopted to spray the leaf surfaces for the first time;
at 7d after the first spraying, the second spraying was carried out according to the method of the first spraying.
And step 3: fertilization management, specifically:
digging a strip-shaped ditch below a tree crown drip line in 6-7 months of each year, and applying a mixture of 3kg of decomposed chicken manure, 0.3kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.3kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant;
digging another two strip-shaped ditches below the water dripping line of the crown in 12 months to 1 month of the next year each year, and applying a mixture of 2kg of decomposed chicken manure and 0.3kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant;
0.25kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each plant for 1-2 times when young shoots are sprouted every year;
and (4) spraying 10% humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for each plant for 4 times in 5-8 months of each year.
And 4, step 4: and (3) controlling other pests:
prevention and treatment of citrus red spiders: when the number of red spiders of a single plant of a 1-3-year-old citrus tree is more than or equal to 200, pesticide spraying control is carried out, and the pesticide is 3000 times of bifenazate liquid with the mass percentage of 20%;
and (3) preventing and controlling citrus leaf miner and citrus aphid: when the young shoots of 1-3 year old citrus trees grow 1-2 cm each time, spraying pesticide for prevention and control are carried out for 2-3 times continuously, the interval is 5d-7d each time, and the pesticide is 3000 times of flubendiamide 2000-doped liquid with the mass percent of 20%;
and (3) prevention and control of citrus anthracnose: in spring, summer and autumn young shoot periods, the pesticide is sprayed once respectively, the pesticide is any one of 1500 times liquid of 25 percent by mass of prochloraz, 3000 times liquid of 25 percent by mass of pyraclostrobin 2000-containing and 1000 times liquid of 30 percent by mass of pyrazopropineb, and the pesticide is used alternately.
Experimental example 1
In order to verify the control effects of different treatments, the inventors of the present application performed this comparative test in a wutong town orchard in the adjacent cinnamon area of Guangxi Guilin city. The variety planted in the orchard is sugar oranges, field planting is carried out in 2018 in 4 months, the test starting time is 26 days in 2019 in 7 months, and the test finishing time is 17 days in 2019 in 10 months. The test area is 11 mu, the row spacing of the plants is 3m multiplied by 2m, about 110 plants are planted per mu, the height of the tree is about 1m, and the width of the crown of the tree is about 1.2 m. Citrus trees are planted within 500m around the orchard, and more citrus psyllids are generated. During the test period, the pesticide and the bactericide except for the test pesticide are not sprayed on the whole garden.
The test is provided with a test group A, a test group B, a test group C, a test group D, a test group E, a test group F, a test group G and a blank Control (CK), and specifically comprises the following steps:
test group A: and (3) excavating an annular ditch, and applying 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules (40 g/plant) in percentage by mass in the ditch.
Test group B: and (3) excavating an annular ditch, and applying 70 mass percent of imidacloprid water dispersible granules (40 g/plant) and 10 mass percent of chlorpyrifos granules (50 g/plant) to the ditch as shown in figure 1.
Test group C: spraying the foliage for three times, as shown in fig. 2, specifically: when young shoots grow to be 0.5cm-1cm, a mixture of 25% by mass of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and 50% by mass of pymetrozine water dispersible granules is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for the first time until the leaf surfaces drip water; 5d-7d after the first spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the second time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of 10% of efficient cyhalothrin and 240g/L spirotetramat in percentage by mass; and 7d-10d after the second spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the third time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of the flonicamid 22 percent and the chlorpyrifos granules 40 percent. .
Test group D: root irrigation is adopted, namely 40ml of 20 mass percent zinc thiazole is added with 10kg of water for each plant 10d-15d before sprout of young shoots, and the mixture is sprayed under the tree crown.
Test group E: spraying the leaf surfaces twice, specifically: when young shoots grow to be 1cm-3cm, the mixture of 20% of zinc thiazole and 20% of pyraclostrobin is adopted to spray the leaf surfaces for the first time; after 5d to 7d of the first spraying, the second spraying was carried out according to the method of the first spraying, as shown in FIG. 3.
Test group F: methods of test group D and test group E.
Test group G: the methods of test group B, test group C, test group D and test group E are shown in fig. 4.
Blank Control (CK): no insecticide or fungicide is applied.
After the test is finished, 10 leaves of each autumn shoot are collected for indoor Huanglongbing PCR detection (PCR means polymerase chain reaction, the specific principle is that whether the DNA sequence of pathogens in the citrus is the same as the DNA sequence of the citrus Huanglongbing is detected through instruments and equipment, if so, the trees can be determined to be infected with diseases, and if not, the trees are determined not to be infected[1]The method (2) counting the number of diseased plants, calculating the morbidity and calculating the control effect according to the following formula:
the incidence rate is the number of diseased plants/the total treated plants multiplied by 100%
Control effect is (placebo incidence-treatment area incidence)/placebo incidence x 100.
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 treatment results for each test group
Figure BDA0002379408470000171
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 4, the control effect of the test group G is the best, that is, the method of digging a circular trench, applying imidacloprid water dispersible granules and chlorpyrifos granules in the trench, spraying and irrigating the leaf surface for three times, and spraying and combining the leaf surface for two times is adopted, so that the control effect on the citrus yellow shoot is remarkable. Therefore, the invention can effectively prevent and control the citrus psylla by carrying out insecticidal treatment on the citrus saplings growing for 1 to 3 years; the sterilization treatment can interfere the growth of the pathogen of the huanglongbing disease; the fertilization management can enhance the tree vigor, promote the root growth and improve the disease resistance of the tree body. Through the four measures, the citrus sapling huanglongbing can be effectively prevented and treated, the healthy growth of trees is ensured, and the prevention and treatment effect is remarkable.
Experimental example 2
In 2019, experiments are carried out in 2-year-old Or-fruit orchard of Gaoyantan Lehui village, Yangshui city, Guangxi Guilin city, the area is 4.3 mu in total, 436 plants are totally counted, disease-free seedlings are adopted during planting, the planting density is 3m multiplied by 2m, and other Citrus orchards are arranged in 300m near the orchard. Taking 208 citrus seedlings out of 2.1 mu, and adopting the method of the embodiment 2 to prevent and treat the citrus young tree yellow shoot; 228 plants are counted in another 2.2 mu, and the management is carried out according to the conventional technical method. The method of the conventional technique is different from the embodiment 2: in the step 1, the insecticidal treatment does not adopt a ring-shaped ditch application method, but only adopts a leaf surface spraying method; step 2 is not present and step 3 and step 4 are the same.
The 436 Wo citrus young trees are collected to carry out yellow shoot PCR detection, and the results are shown in Table 2:
table 2 PCR test results for Huanglongbing disease in Citrus reiliana saplings using the method of example 2 and conventional technique, respectively
Figure BDA0002379408470000181
As can be seen from Table 2, the positive rate of Huanglongbing and the incidence of ulcer disease were both zero by the method of example 2 of the present invention. By adopting the conventional technical method, the positive rate of the Huanglongbing disease is 4.82 percent, and the incidence rate of the ulcer disease is 8.33 percent.
Therefore, by adopting the method of the embodiment 2, the effect of preventing and treating the yellow shoot of the citrus saplings is remarkable, the citrus saplings grow healthier and stronger, and the leaves grow strongly green.
Reference documents:
[1] dungxiaolining, Tangweiwen, a study of the detection of the causative agent of citrus yellow shoot disease by the PCR technique [ J ] proceedings of southern China university of agriculture, 1996(3): 119-120).
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preventing and treating citrus young tree yellow shoot is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: insecticidal treatment
For 1-3 year old citrus saplings, the annular ditch application method and the leaf surface spraying method are adopted to carry out insecticidal treatment in 3-12 months per year, wherein,
the annular ditch application method comprises the steps of digging an annular ditch below a tree crown drip line of a citrus sapling, uniformly mixing a mixture of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and chlorpyrifos granules with fine soil according to a mass ratio of 1 (0.8-1.2), then spreading the mixture in the annular ditch, and then covering soil once every 30d-45 d;
the foliar spray method is that when young shoots grow out every year, the mixture of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and pymetrozine water dispersible granules, the mixture of efficient cyhalothrin and spirotetramat or the mixture of sulfoxaflor and chlorpyrifos granules are sprayed on the foliar for three times;
the annular ditch application method specifically comprises the following steps:
applying 25g-35g of an imidacloprid water dispersible granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 70% and 45g-55g of a chlorpyrifos granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 10% to each young citrus tree of 1 year;
applying 35g to 45g of an imidacloprid water dispersible granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 70% and 95g to 105g of a chlorpyrifos granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 15% to each 2-year-old citrus young tree;
applying 45g-55g of an imidacloprid water dispersible granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 70% and 145g-155g of a chlorpyrifos granule aqueous solution with the mass percent of 15% to each of the 3-year-old citrus young trees;
step 2: sterilization treatment
Sterilizing 1-3-year-old citrus trees in 4-11 months per year by adopting a 'one-irrigation two-spraying' method, wherein the root irrigation treatment is carried out by adopting zinc thiazole in the first irrigation 10-15 days before young shoots sprout every year; the second spraying is to spray the leaf surfaces twice by adopting the mixture of zinc thiazole and pyraclostrobin when young shoots grow out every year;
the root irrigation treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
for 1 year old citrus saplings, 10 days to 15 days before the sprouts sprout, adding 25ml to 35ml of 20 mass percent zinc thiazole into 10kg of water for each plant, and spraying under the crown of the tree;
for the 2-year-old citrus saplings, adding 35ml to 45ml of 20 mass percent zinc thiazole with 10kg of water into each tree 10d to 15d before the young shoots sprout, and spraying under the crowns;
for the 3-year-old citrus saplings, adding 45ml to 55ml of 20 mass percent zinc thiazole into 10kg of water for each plant 10d to 15d before the young shoots sprout, and spraying under the crowns;
the two-time spraying specifically comprises the following steps:
when young shoots grow to be 1cm-3cm, the mixture of 20% of zinc thiazole and 20% of pyraclostrobin is adopted to spray the leaf surfaces for the first time;
spraying for the second time at 5d-7d after the first spraying according to the method of the first spraying;
and step 3: fertilizing management;
and 4, step 4: and (4) controlling other pests.
2. The method for preventing and treating citrus sapling huanglongbing according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the three-time spraying on the leaf surfaces is specifically:
when young shoots grow to be 0.5cm-1cm, a mixture of 25% by mass of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and 50% by mass of pymetrozine water dispersible granules is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for the first time until the leaf surfaces drip water;
5d-7d after the first spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the second time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of 10% of efficient cyhalothrin and 240g/L spirotetramat in percentage by mass;
and 7d-10d after the second spraying of the leaf surfaces, spraying the leaf surfaces for the third time until the leaf surfaces drip water by adopting a mixture of the flonicamid 22 percent and the chlorpyrifos granules 40 percent.
3. The method for controlling citrus young tree huanglongbing according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the specific method for managing fertilization comprises:
digging a strip-shaped ditch below a tree crown drip line in 6-7 months of each year, and applying a mixture of 1.5-3 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.3 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.2-0.3 kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each tree;
digging another two strip-shaped ditches below the water dripping line of the crown in 12 months to 1 month of the next year each year, and applying a mixture of 1kg-2kg of organic fertilizer and 0.2kg-0.3kg of balanced compound fertilizer to each plant;
0.1kg-0.25kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each plant for 1-2 times when young shoots are sprouted every year;
and (3) spraying 10% of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for 3-4 times per plant in 5-8 months of each year.
4. The method for preventing and treating yellow shoot of the citrus saplings as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the organic fertilizer, on a drying basis, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0%, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5.
5. The method for controlling citrus young tree huanglongbing according to claim 4, wherein the organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of more of peanut bran, rapeseed bran, tung bran, soybean meal, decomposed pig manure, decomposed cow manure, decomposed sheep manure, decomposed chicken manure, and commercial organic fertilizer.
6. The method for preventing and treating citrus young tree yellow shoot disease according to claim 3, wherein the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the balanced compound fertilizer are 15% or 16%; in the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, the mass percent of nitrogen is 28%, the mass percent of phosphorus pentoxide is 10%, the mass percent of potassium oxide is 12%, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 50%.
7. The method for controlling citrus young tree huanglongbing according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the other pest control is specifically:
prevention and treatment of citrus red spiders: when the number of red spiders of a single plant of a 1-3-year-old citrus tree is more than or equal to 200, pesticide spraying control is carried out, and the pesticide is any one or a mixture of two of 24 mass percent of 3000-fold spirodiclofen solution, 20 mass percent of 2000-fold etoxazole solution and 20 mass percent of 3000-fold bifenazate solution;
and (3) preventing and controlling citrus leaf miner and citrus aphid: when the young shoots of 1-3 year old citrus trees grow 1-2 cm each time, spraying pesticide for prevention and control are continuously carried out for 2-3 times at intervals of 5d-7d each time, and the pesticide is any one or a mixture of 10 mass percent of 1000-2000 times of efficient cyhalothrin and 20 mass percent of 3000 times of flubendiamide 2000-3000 times of liquid;
and (3) prevention and control of citrus anthracnose: in spring, summer and autumn young shoot periods, the pesticide is sprayed once respectively, the pesticide is any one of 1500 times liquid of 25 percent by mass of prochloraz, 3000 times liquid of 25 percent by mass of pyraclostrobin 2000-containing and 1000 times liquid of 30 percent by mass of pyrazopropineb, and the pesticide is used alternately.
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