CN102487621A - Method for efficiently reducing continuous cropping obstacles of facility soil - Google Patents
Method for efficiently reducing continuous cropping obstacles of facility soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487621A CN102487621A CN2011103562789A CN201110356278A CN102487621A CN 102487621 A CN102487621 A CN 102487621A CN 2011103562789 A CN2011103562789 A CN 2011103562789A CN 201110356278 A CN201110356278 A CN 201110356278A CN 102487621 A CN102487621 A CN 102487621A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently reducing the continuous cropping obstacles of greenhouse soil, relating to the technical field of high-efficiency facility agricultural cultivation and meaning a technology of applying calcium cyanamide, organic materials, water and the like in soil before crop sowing or transplanting, and performing a soil reaction in a waiting period in an airtight condition to rapidly and efficiently kill pests in the soil, decrease acidification degree, relieve secondary salinization and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, thereby being capable of efficiently reducing the continuous cropping obstacles of the soil. The method for efficiently reducing the continuous cropping obstacles of greenhouse soil comprises the following steps that: 1) a proper treatment time, wherein soil treatment is performed in the seasons having a daily minimum temperature of not less than 5 DEG C; 2) determination for the dosage of calcium cyanamide, wherein the dosage of calcium cyanamide is usually 20-80 kg in per 667 m<2> of soil; and 3) field operation: (1) broadcasting for organic materials; (2) broadcasting for calcium cyanamide; (3) rotary tillage; (4) furrowing; (5) film coating, water irrigation and sealing; (6) soil reaction; and (7) film opening and airing: after the soil treatment is finished, the film is opened, ventilated or aired, and then crop sowing or transplanting can be performed.
Description
Technical field
What a kind of method that effectively alleviates the facility soil continuous cropping obstacle of the present invention related to is a kind of efficient installment agriculture growth technical field; Refer to use nitrolim, organic materials, water etc. in seeding crops or the transplanting forward direction soil; Soil reaction through certain waiting period the in confined conditions; Rapidly and efficiently kill pest in the soil, reduce acidizing degree, alleviate secondary salinization, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, can effectively alleviate the technology of soil continuous cropping obstacle.
Background technology
At present, both at home and abroad the technical measures of prevention and control industrialized agriculture continuous cropping obstacle mainly contain efficent rotation, grafting, with washing salt, microbial control, soil disinfection, application resistant variety etc.Wherein, the efficent rotation mode obviously reduces economic benefit, does not meet the demand for development of high-efficiency agriculture; Grafting method subject matter is that cost is high, and has a strong impact on the power product quality; Be primarily aimed at the elimination of secondary salinization with washing salt technology, can not solve in the continuous cropping obstacle severe diseases problem, cost is also bigger; Thereby microbial control through mention the antagonism bacterium be used for regulate the soil micro-ecosystem environment, suppress the harmful microorganism growth and reach the target of preventing and treating soil-borne disease, this technology subject matter is in the actual production that environment is restive, the effect of antagonism bacterium is difficult to performance, effect slow, efficient lower, cost is more high; The soil disinfection method be developed countries such as Europe, U.S.A, day the continuous cropping obstacle of large-area applications overcome technology, this technology has many effects, efficient height, advantage such as pollution-free, has also carried out the popularization in experiment and demonstration and some areas in recent years in China.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to provides a kind of method that effectively alleviates facility soil continuous cropping soil obstacle to above-mentioned weak point:
The one, solving becomes the soil continuous cropping obstacle problem that high-efficiency agriculture develops important restriction bottleneck.Along with the continuous expansion of facility cultivation area and the plantation time limit increase, soil physical and chemical property deterioration, secondary salinization, soil-borne disease insect pest such as increase the weight of at the continuous cropping obstacle problem appears suddenly day by day, has influenced the sustainable and healthy development of high-efficiency agriculture.At present, become difficult point, the focus and emphasis problem that government's care, social concerns, peasant are badly in need of solving.Continuous cropping obstacle is the outward appearance performance of " crop-soil " internal system variant factors exercising result; Because the special environment of facility cultivation; Make the microflora of soil that great changes take place, beneficial microbes such as nitrifying bacteria, ammonification bacteria are suppressed, and harmful or pathogenic microorganism is then gradually occupied an leading position through ecological succession; Some soil can not be grown seedlings again, upright seedling ability, press for applying of this project invention technology.
The 2nd, part solves the unbalance problem of industrialized agriculture soil nutrient.According to preliminary investigation; The fertilizing amount of efficient facilities vegetable is generally 4～5 times of land for growing field crops, is higher than the crop demand far away, and macroelement and middle trace element fertilizer are used imbalance; Causing bringing out scarce K disease and middle trace element lacks relatively; Crop anti-adversity is poor, and damage by disease and insect happens occasionally, and causes fertilizer, agricultural chemicals use cost to remain high.Owing to execute certain nutritive element partially, cause the antagonism between the element, and have influence on the absorption of crop some element, cause Nutrient Absorption uneven, plant growth is endangered.Many facilities vegetables base boron deficiency phenomenon is serious, and blossom-end rot, top rot, fruit-shrink disease, stem split that disease, fruit are lopsided, colored and unreal etc. to catch someone on the wrong foot.The present invention helps the lead farmers rational application of fertilizer, reduces irrational fertilizing amount, promotes that abridged edition increases income, increasing both production and income and upgrading increase income.
The 3rd, improvement industrialized agriculture soil acidification and salinity gather present situation.The facilities vegetable cropping index is high, and fertilizing amount is big, and soil acidification trend is obvious, and the part soil pH value reaches 4-5, can not adapt to the growth of most of crops.Add that soil can not get the abundant drip washing of rainwater for a long time, cause salinity to be assembled at upper soll layer, secondary salinization phenomenon ubiquity, part soil salt concentration reaches 3-20 times of common nonirrigated farmland.The soil salt accumulation, the osmotic potential of soil strengthens, and the suction fertilizer sucting ability of crop root weakens, and growth and development of plants is bad.Simultaneously, the edaphon activity is suppressed, and ammonium nitrogen descends to the conversion rate of nitrate nitrogen, the compelled ammonium nitrogen that absorbs of crop, and the leaf look deepens, even leaf roll, gives birth to bad.Technology of the present invention can significantly reduce soil acidity, reduces salinity and gathers, and helps the crop healthy growth.
The 4th, improve soil physical property.The nonactive hole ratio of facility soil reduces relatively, and ventilating permeable is poor, and physical behavior is bad, presses for through applying organic manure, improves soil organic matter content, improves unit weight, increases transparent performance.
A kind of method that effectively alleviates facility soil continuous cropping soil obstacle of the present invention is to take following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of method that effectively alleviates facility soil continuous cropping soil obstacle:
1, suitable treatment period
Soil treatment should select carry out the season of a day minimum air temperature >=5 ℃, and the summer high temperature period is best.Should after first crop crop harvesting and cleaning, reserve enough reactions and ventilation airing time, carry out in the second stubble crop sowing or before transplanting.
2, the nitrolim consumption confirms
Every 667m
2The nitrolim usage amount of (every mu) soil is 20 ㎏～80 ㎏, and concrete consumption should be confirmed according to soil property, crop species, continuous cropping obstacle degree and required being effective.
3, field operation
(1) spreads fertilizer over the fields organic materials: organic materials is pressed 20 times to 60 times weight of nitrolim usage amount, evenly be spread on soil surface.
(2) spread fertilizer over the fields nitrolim: on organic materials, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields nitrolim.
(3) conpound salto is ploughed: with rotovator, Cultivator or manual work organic matter and nitrolim uniform particles are ploughed under in the soil, the degree of depth is 20 cm～30cm.
(4) bedding: the high 20cm～30cm of furrow, the wide 60cm～150cm of furrow.
(5) overlay film, pour water and seal: overlay on the furrow face with colorless and transparent film, pour water toward between furrow down from film, in furrow soil abundant moistening till, soil moisture remains 60%～70%.After irritating sufficient water,, the soil and the external world are isolated fully with the sealing of furrow body.
(6) soil reaction: soil need keep humidity and confined reaction state, during 5～15 ℃ of soil temperature, and nitrolim usage amount 20～30 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 15～20 days; Nitrolim usage amount 30～40 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 20～25 days; Nitrolim usage amount 50～80 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 25～30 days.During 15～25 ℃ of soil temperature, nitrolim usage amount 20～30 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 10～15 days; Nitrolim usage amount 30～40 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 15～20 days; Nitrolim usage amount 50～80 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 20～25 days.During 25～30 ℃ of soil temperature, nitrolim usage amount 20～30 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 10～12 days; Nitrolim usage amount 30～40 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 12～15 days; Nitrolim usage amount 50～80 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 15～20 days.
(7) take off the film airing: soil treatment is taken off film after accomplishing, and ventilation or airing can be carried out seeding crops or transplanting after 1～2 day.
When said nitrolim was used to prevent and treat the harm of nematoda soil insect, consumption was every 667m
2(every mu) soil 50 ㎏～70 ㎏; When being used to prevent and treat fungi or bacillary soil-borne disease, consumption is every 667m
2(every mu) soil 60 ㎏～80 ㎏; When being used to regulate soil acidity or alkalinity, consumption is every 667m
2(every mu) soil 20 ㎏～60 ㎏; During as slow nitrogenous fertilizer, consumption is every 667m
2(every mu) soil 40 ㎏～80 ㎏.
Said organic materials is selected feces of livestock and poultry, stalk, rice husk or Chinese medicine slag etc. for use.
4, safe handling requirement
(1) nitrolim can not topdress or the seed manure use.
(2) should wear safety goggles, mouth mask, rubber gloves during the soil treatment operation, wear trousers, long sleeves operation clothing and do not have damaged shoes, wash one's face and rinse one's mouth immediately after the operation.Should guarantee that nitrolim does not directly contact, is not strayed into intraocular, do not eat drink by mistake with skin,, should clean with flushing with clean water or soap immediately that severe patient is in time sent treatment to hospital like the above-mentioned situation of careless generation.
(3) 24 hours planted agents forbid to drink alcoholic drink behind the use nitrolim.
(4) nitrolim should avoid the use of in the aquaculture field, or avoids making the water that contains nitrolim to flow near aquaculture field.
(5) table of comparisons in nitrolim usage amount, soil temperature and reaction time
Invent a kind of method effect, advantage that effectively alleviates facility soil continuous cropping soil obstacle:
The one, effective facility for prevention and control soil continuous cropping soil obstacle, the control rate on Different Crop reaches 60-100%, average out to 77%.
The 2nd, can efficiently kill soil and pass pest, prevent and treat soil-borne disease insect pests such as fusarium wilt, damping off, bacterial wilt, verticillium wilt, root neck, stalk break, nematodosis.
The 3rd, be effectively to prevent and treat physiological disturbances such as root rot, heart rot, top rot, blossom-end rot, abnormal fruit disease.
The 4th, the quick composting organic materials, make it to change into good fertilizer, promote soil organic matter content, from improving agricultural product quality.
The 5th, regulate soil acidity or alkalinity, improve soil aggregate, reduce the generation of topsoil salt content, minimizing secondary salinization.
The 6th, can realize nitrogen, phosphorus fertilizer slow release, significantly improve utilization rate of fertilizer, save input, increasing both production and income.
The 7th, to achieve many things at one stroke, effect is remarkable, and saving of labor's abridged edition, the mu fertilising cost 120-150 unit that can descend does not produce any pollution, and the scope of application is extensive.
Embodiment
A kind of method that effectively alleviates facility soil continuous cropping soil obstacle:
1, suitable treatment period
Soil treatment should select carry out the season of a day minimum air temperature >=5 ℃, and the summer high temperature period is best.Should after first crop crop harvesting and cleaning, reserve enough reactions and ventilation airing time, carry out in the second stubble crop sowing or before transplanting.
2, the nitrolim consumption confirms
Common per 667 m
2The nitrolim usage amount of (every mu) soil is 20 ㎏～80 ㎏, and concrete consumption should be confirmed according to soil property, crop species, continuous cropping obstacle degree and required being effective.
3, field operation
(1) spreads fertilizer over the fields organic materials: organic materials is pressed 20 times to 60 times weight of nitrolim usage amount, evenly be spread on soil surface.
(2) spread fertilizer over the fields nitrolim: on organic materials, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields nitrolim.
(3) conpound salto is ploughed: with rotovator, Cultivator or manual work organic matter and nitrolim uniform particles are ploughed under in the soil, the degree of depth is 20cm～30cm.
(4) bedding: the high 20cm～30cm of furrow, the wide 60cm～150cm of furrow.
(5) overlay film, pour water and seal: overlay on the furrow face with colorless and transparent film, pour water toward between furrow down from film, in furrow soil abundant moistening till, soil moisture remains 60%～70%.After irritating sufficient water,, the soil and the external world are isolated fully with the sealing of furrow body.
(6) soil reaction: soil need keep humidity and confined reaction state, during 5～15 ℃ of soil temperature, and nitrolim usage amount 20～30 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 15～20 days; Nitrolim usage amount 30～40 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 20～25 days; Nitrolim usage amount 50～80 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 25～30 days.During 15～25 ℃ of soil temperature, nitrolim usage amount 20～30 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 10～15 days; Nitrolim usage amount 30～40 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 15～20 days; Nitrolim usage amount 50～80 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 20～25 days.During 25～30 ℃ of soil temperature, nitrolim usage amount 20～30 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 10～12 days; Nitrolim usage amount 30～40 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 12～15 days; Nitrolim usage amount 50～80 ㎏/667m
2(every mu) needs confined reaction 15～20 days.
(7) take off the film airing: soil treatment is taken off film after accomplishing, and ventilation or airing can be carried out seeding crops or transplanting after 1～2 day.
When said nitrolim was used to prevent and treat the harm of nematoda soil insect, consumption was every 667m
2(every mu) soil 50 ㎏～70 ㎏; When being used to prevent and treat fungi or bacillary soil-borne disease, consumption is every 667m
2(every mu) soil 60 ㎏～80 ㎏; When being used to regulate soil acidity or alkalinity, consumption is every 667m
2(every mu) soil 20 ㎏～60 ㎏; During as slow nitrogenous fertilizer, consumption is every 667m
2(every mu) soil 40 ㎏～80 ㎏.
Said organic materials is selected feces of livestock and poultry, stalk, rice husk or Chinese medicine slag etc. for use.
The experiment and demonstration of nitrolim on crops
Nitrolim once once had been difficult to promote owing to other fertilizer property differences intermediate product big, that in soil, transform certain reasons such as toxic action being arranged.But in recent years; Constantly find its multiple special efficacy; Like soil disinfection, promote organic matter decomposition, break continuous cropping obstacle etc.; Therefore risen day by day in its status in agricultural production especially installment agriculture growth, the scope of application and usage amount are all in rising trend, are called as not only ancient but also novel medicine fertilizer kind.
Nitrolim is a kind of slow-release fertilizer, and long-acting nitrogen can be provided, and improves nitrogen utilization efficiency 8-12%; Provide calcium plain, solve plant calcium nutritional deficiency disease, regulate P in soil H; Nitrolim is used more in Japan, New Zealand's agricultural production, and its effect is the raising utilization rate of fertilizer and improves the soil.
Fall in the malicious technical research in accurate fertilising of facilities vegetable and soil, we have carried out the demonstration that a series of nitrolims are used, and this fertilizer Main Ingredients and Appearance is cyanamide calcium (more than 50%), nitrogen content 20%.
1 nitrolim and characteristic thereof
1.1 nitrolim brief introduction: nitrolim formal name used at school cyanamide calcium is to be formed by the calcium carbide (calcium carbide) of fusion and nitrogen chemical combination, because of containing volume lime, claims nitrolim again.In soil, substituted by hydrogen ion adsorbed on the soil colloid, can form free cyanamide, hydrolysis becomes urea, and further hydrolysis can become ammonium carbonate; Become the absorbable nitrogen nutrition of plant, it is an only water-fast fertilizer in many nitrogen manures, and does not contain acid group, is a kind of slow effect basic nitrogen fertilizer; Fertilizer effectiveness can reach 3-4 month, can reduce the amount of application of other nitrogenous fertilizer, and it is plain to replenish the required calcium of crop; Remedy the plain deficiency of calcium in the soil, improve quality of agricultural product, prolong storage period.The intermediate product that decompose to produce of cyanamide calcium has stronger inhibitory action to the nitrifying bacteria in the soil and urea are mould etc. in addition, has promptly improved the availability of nitrogenous fertilizer, can reduce the content of nitrate nitrogen in vegetables, the fruit again.Nitrolim also can quicken the speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed of organic materials, also can be used as the organic material composting agent and uses.The agrochemical fertilizer that is a kind of nuisanceless, safety and sanitation, noresidue, environment is not polluted.
1.2 after the influence of soil pH used nitrolim, soil pH value temporarily had a uphill process, pH rises can reach 1.5-2, after 10 days, remains unchanged basically.
1.3 the nitrolim that influences to soil alkali concentration is an anacidity root manure material, nitration reaction is slower, and it is constant basically to use back soil alkali concentration, therefore, even amount of application is bigger, also is difficult for plant growth is produced the salt concentration obstacle.
1.4 the nitrogen transformation characteristic of nitrolim is because nitrolim all is converted into NH
4 +Need the long period; And product can suppress the breeding of nitrifying bacteria wherein; It is slower not only to make nitrolim itself be converted into nitrate nitrogen, and the amount that also makes other ammoniacal nitrogens in the soil transfer nitrate nitrogen to simultaneously reduces, so make nitrolim have late effect property and long-lasting.
The effect of 2 nitrolims on outdoor vegetable
2.1 materials and methods:
2.1.1 the test place is located at Sun Jia village, Yuhuatai District slab bridge town, the horse liver soil that supplies examination soil to grow for the Changjiang river alluvial deposits, and grain changes dish and has reached 5 years, and vegetable variety is autumn in summer king's asparagus lettuce.Asparagus lettuce sowing on August 5 was handled 1 and is executed nitrolim on August 10, transplanted asparagus lettuce, density behind two processing on September 1 sealing fertilizer, the phosphorus potash fertilizer: 5000 strain/mus.
2.1.2 two processing are established in test altogether, each processing area is 0.8 mu.Two processing except that base manure is used difference, topdress and other management all identical, applying pesticides not.
Handle 1: nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus are done the base manure fertilising, plough deeply after executing and bury, and build border irrigation water overlay film; Sowing or transplant crop (this test is because of the back continuous low temperature wet weather that applies fertilizer again after 15-20 days; Confined reaction was transplanted asparagus lettuce after 20 days), utilize the heat energy of the sun and nitrolim in soil, to react with water, soil temperature is risen very soon; And discharge the active ingredient cyanamide, utilize the action of contace poison of high temperature and cyanamide to play the effect of sterilization and disinsection.
Handle 2: peasant household's conventional fertilizer application contrast.
Table 1 is respectively handled the fertilising situation
Annotate: efficient compound fertilizer N:P
2O
5: K
2O=15:15:15, compoiste fertilizer are 3:2:3, potash fertilizer K
2O% is 60%.
2.1.3 observe and analyze: investigate weeds quantity, damage by disease and insect occurrence degree and vegetable growth situation, yield and quality between breeding time vegetables.
2.2 result and analysis:
2.2.1 the influence to output and factor thereof: each is handled and adopts 40 asparagus lettuces with the multidraw method respectively to harvest time, and the mensuration stem is thick, stem long, stem heavily waits, and calculating mean value.The result is following:
The quality and the output of table 2 different disposal asparagus lettuce
| Handle | Single stem thick (cm) | Single stem long (cm) | Ye Chong (g/) | Single stem heavy (g/) |
| Nitrolim | 16 | 40 | 550 | 550 |
| Conventional fertilizer application | 13 | 38 | 475 | 425 |
Under equal amount of nitrogen level, use nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus and can promote asparagus lettuce to increase thick growth, to compare with conventional fertilizer application, single stem stem is thick, stem is long increases by 23.08%, 5.26% than respectively, and single cauline leaf heavily increases by 15.8%, and single stem heavy (commodity output) increases by 29.4%.Ye Chong and the heavy ratio of stem are executed the 1:1 that is of nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, and conventional fertilizer application is 1:0.89, thereby use nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus and can increase output shared ratio in biomass.
2.2.2 the influence to root system: when gathering, the asparagus lettuce root system of using nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus is long and thick, evenly big or small, accidental root nodule; The asparagus lettuce root system size of conventional fertilizer application is uneven, and generally carefully lacks, and root nodule is more.
2.2.3 influence: observe asparagus lettuce disease and weeds in field in vegetative period to damage by disease and insect.The asparagus lettuce stem rot diseased plant rate of using nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus is 1.3%, reduces 75% than conventional fertilizer application; The downy mildew diseased plant rate is 6.1%, reduces 60.9% than conventional fertilizer application, and the root knot nematode disease diseased plant rate is 3.5%, reduces 80.6% than conventional fertilizer application.Unrooted tie lines worm in the soil, the plant growing way is more prosperous.
2.2.4 control efficiency: transplant and carried out weeds in field investigation, Richard 3m everywhere in back 30 days to crop smothering
3, mean value such as table 3.Can find out that the total weeds amount of processing of using nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus is 14/m
2, conventional fertilizer application is treated to 40/m
2, the weeds amount reduces 65%.
Table 3 different disposal disease pest and weed situation
Data shows: use nitrolim and handle the generating capacity that can reduce cutworm, chafer and soybean capsule nematode, soil-borne diseases such as control spinach damping off and strawberry fusarium wilt are also had effect preferably.Nitrolim is used for plastic shed soil disinfects, and diseases such as damping off, bacterial wilt, club root, gray mold, root nematode are had remarkable result.
These characteristics and the effect of nitrolim, can significantly reduce vegetables produce in the amount of application of agricultural chemicals, lay a good foundation for producing pollution-free vegetable.
The effect of 3 nitrolims on facilities vegetable
3.1 purpose and meaning
The cultivation of booth facilities protection property is the preferable planting type that improves land utilization rate and economic benefit, and area, Nanjing industrialized agriculture area is bigger, and the crop rotation of melon dish for many years; Soil acidification, harden, it is serious to cause crop disease and insects such as vegetables, fruit to take place, and plant strain growth receives to press down; Output reduces, and quality descends.For this reason, our Demonstration Application " nitrolim ", purpose is facilities protection land soil and sterilization, improves soil acidity or alkalinity, regulates soil physical and chemical property, the insect pest of control soil soil-borne disease.
3.2 materials and methods
3.2.1 experimental field be positioned at Nanjing Vegetable Technology Park, Heng Xi town, soil is sticking loess, soil physical and chemical property is general, and stubble is a greenhouse watermelon before the confession examination ground.
3.2.2 confession trial product: 20% nitrolim granule.
3.2.3 test area: 5 mu (16 of standard steelframe booths, the nitrolim treatment region: 4 mu, check plot: 1 mu).
3.2.4 test is handled: nitrolim is handled, and executes nitrolim 80 ㎏+duck excrement 1600 ㎏ for every mu; Control treatment mu is executed quicklime 75 ㎏+duck excrement 2000 ㎏.Each processing of its control measures of base is consistent.
3.2.5 supply to study thing: No. 7 capsicums of river vegetables (3 canopy), Soviet Union green pepper No. 5 (3 canopy), Feng Xiang strawberries (7 canopy).
3.2.6 cultivation management situation:
August 12 used to capsicum nitrolim 80 ㎏/mu+duck excrement 1600 ㎏; Confined reaction 25 days, every mu was spread fertilizer over the fields 45% NPK, 25 ㎏+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.75 ㎏ and made base manure wholely September 10; Field planting on September 12, density 40 ㎝ * 35 ㎝ (every mu 4500 strain).September 21, mu was executed urea 20 ㎏, every mu of October 12 imposed carbon ammonium 20 ㎏+phosphate fertilizer 30 ㎏.Because virus disease, eqpidemic disease take place serious, every at a distance from about 7 days with virus of A, other chemical controls of viral K+ once.
Whole ground on September 16, strawberry ground, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 45% NPK, 25 ㎏+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.75 ㎏ and makes base manure, field planting on September 18, density 20 ㎝ * 30 ㎝ (mu is planted 8500 strains).Every mu of October 12 impose carbon ammonium 20 ㎏+phosphate fertilizer 30 ㎏.
3.3 result and analysis
3.3.1 see that from soil acidity or alkalinity improvement soil pH value is measured, use nitrolim 80 ㎏/mus, 25 days treatment region of confined reaction is 6.2, the check plot is 5.6, treatment region is better than the check plot soda acid degree effect of improving the soil.
3.3.2 see that from the field growing situation treatment region capsicum growing way is omited, number of results is similar, root system is flourishing, and new root is more, and plant strain growth is neat; See that from output treatment region compared bigger raising the output advantage with the check plot, effect is obvious.
The output situation of table 4 different disposal and different cultivars capsicum
Reviving, green pepper No. five and river vegetables are used nitrolim 80 ㎏/mus for No. seven, 25 days treatment region of confined reaction increases production 13.5% and 10.1% respectively.Strawberry is longer harvest time, and output is still not qualitative, and just the growing way situation is seen at present; Use nitrolim 80 ㎏/mus, 25 days treatment region strawberry of confined reaction grows fine, the plant regularity is better, fruit integral body is well-balanced; Commodity, mouthfeel are all better, and disease resistance is stronger.
3.3.3 use nitrolim 80 ㎏/mus, 25 days treatment region plant growing way of confined reaction is more prosperous, the leaf look darker, root system is more.
Do not have and take place 3.3.4 use nitrolim 80 ㎏/mus, 25 days treatment region capsicum tip of a root nematodosis of confined reaction etc., damage by disease and insect a situation arises no significant difference.
4 conclusions
The experiment and demonstration of having carried out open country and booth vegetable in the area, Nanjing shows, uses nitrolim 80 ㎏/mus, confined reaction can improve soil pH value in 25 days, eliminated the soil acidification phenomenon, prevented and treated the various vegetables disease pest and weed, can obviously improve yield of vegetables after using.Therefore, nitrolim is worth large scale application in city's non-polluted farm product is produced.
The application example of nitrolim on crops
The application example of 1 nitrolim on watermelon
1.1 application site is in Tang Ji village, Pukou District stone bridge town, 5 mu of areas, and 4 mu of nitrolim treatment regions, 1 mu of check plot, soil species is yellowish-white soil, middle fertility is used variety of watermelon and is black close No. 8, adopts feeding block seedlings raising.Sowing on April 10, May 21 transplanted, wide 420 ㎝ of moisture in the soil, spacing in the rows 35 ㎝, every mu 450 strain, July 16 was gathered the end of gathering July 25 for the first time.
1.2 nitrolim consumption and field operation
The nitrolim treatment region: every mu with nitrolim 60 ㎏, cow dung 2000 ㎏, and superphosphate 50 ㎏, potassium chloride 20 ㎏ transplant and with rotovator organic matter and nitrolim uniform particles were ploughed under in the soil in preceding 30 days, and the degree of depth is 25 cm.Water permeable back also with plastic mulching 15 days.Soil treatment is taken off film after accomplishing, and ventilates or airing laggard row crop transplanting in 1 day.
The check plot: conventional fertilizer application is handled every mu with cow dung 2000 ㎏, urea 24.8 ㎏, and superphosphate 50 ㎏, potassium chloride 20 ㎏ transplant and with rotovator organic matter and nitrolim uniform particles were ploughed under in the soil in preceding 30 days, and the degree of depth is 25 cm.Water permeable back also with plastic mulching 15 days.Soil treatment is taken off film after accomplishing, and ventilates or the laggard row crop transplanting of airing 1d.
1.3 cultivation step
2 treatment regions are except that the base manure difference, and other cultivation step is identical, and preventing disease pest control, cultivation uproot etc. is all undertaken by routine.Transplanted May 21, go out every mu of urea of climing fertilizer 7.5 ㎏, fruit expands fertile every mu of urea 10 ㎏, contains and amounts to breeding time (containing fertilizer) every mu of purity nitrogen 25.8 ㎏, phosphorus pentoxide 7 ㎏, potassium oxide 12 ㎏.
1.4 result and analysis
1.4.1 see from the field growing situation; The growing way of using nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, 15 days treatment region watermelon of confined reaction is better than the check plot, and it is strong to show as growth potential, the neat leaf color depth of growing; Later stage of particularly growing shows evident difference; Check plot leaf look light, show early ageing, and the nitrolim treatment region still keeping growing way preferably.
1.4.2 a situation arises for disease, according to field investigation, administrations nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, 15 days treatment region fusarium wilt of confined reaction and anthracnose obviously are lighter than the check plot.Investigation on June 23 nitrolim treatment region, the blight diseased plant rate is 2.3%, the anthracnose diseased plant rate is 4.5%, reduces 74.2% and 72.9% than 8.9% and 16.6% of check plot respectively.
1.4.3 the influence to output: output is investigated the result and is used nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, 15 days treatment region average theory per mu yield 3072.7 ㎏ of confined reaction; Than check plot 2796 ㎏; Raising the output 9.9%, average every mu 2716 ㎏ of effective yield nitrolim treatment region is than check plot 2497 ㎏ raising the output 8.77%.(seeing table one)
(table one) output situation is investigated table
1.5 conclusion
This demonstration shows; Use nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, confined reaction was used on watermelon in 15 days, can effectively alleviate watermelon disease and continuous cropping obstacle, increased The yield of watermelon; Promote watermelon fruit shape neat and consistent; Improve commodity rate, improve the economic benefit of growth of watermelon, be expected to become the another new way of growth of watermelon increasing both production and income.
2 nitrolims application example on tomato
2.1 application site is in Da Lin village, Pukou District Jiangpu street, 10 mu of areas, and 8 mu of nitrolim treatment regions, 2 mu of check plots, soil fertility is medium.
2.2 nitrolim consumption and field operation
The nitrolim treatment region: every mu with nitrolim 60 ㎏, and fresh cow dung 3600 ㎏ execute straight fertilizer after the field planting, sow preceding 30 days and with rotovator organic matter and nitrolim uniform particles are ploughed under in the soil, and the degree of depth is 30 cm.Water permeable back also with plastic mulching 15 days.Soil treatment is taken off film after accomplishing, and ventilates or airing laggard row crop transplanting in 1 day.
The check plot: conventional fertilizer application is handled every mu with cow dung 4000 ㎏, executes straight fertilizer after the field planting, and preceding 30 days of field planting is ploughed under organic matter and nitrolim uniform particles in the soil with rotovator, and the degree of depth is 25 cm.Water permeable back also with plastic mulching 15 days.Soil treatment is taken off film after accomplishing, and ventilates or airing laggard row crop transplanting in 1 day.
2.3 cultivation step
2 treatment regions are except that the base manure difference, and other cultivation step is identical, and preventing disease pest control, cultivation uproot etc. is all undertaken by routine.
2.4 result and analysis
2.4.1 see from the field growing situation; The growing way of using nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, 15 days treatment region tomato of confined reaction is better than the check plot, and it is strong to show as growth potential, the neat leaf color depth of growing; Later stage of particularly growing shows evident difference; Check plot leaf look light, show early ageing, and the nitrolim treatment region still keeping growing way preferably.
2.4.2 a situation arises for disease, according to field investigation, uses nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, 15 days treatment region of confined reaction than check plot soil organic matter increase by 60%, the nematode number reduces 87%, and the plant incidence of disease reduces 70%, and plant height increases by 11%.
2.4.3 the influence to output: output is investigated the result; Use nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, 15 days treatment region average theory per mu yield 4232 ㎏ of confined reaction, than check plot 3723 ㎏, raising the output 13.7%; Average every mu 4066 ㎏ of effective yield nitrolim treatment region is than check plot 3507 ㎏ raising the output 15.9%.
2.5 conclusion
This demonstration shows; Use nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, confined reaction was used on tomato in 15 days, can effectively alleviate tomato disease and continuous cropping obstacle, increased tomato yield; Promote tomato fruit shape neat and consistent; Improve commodity rate, improve the economic benefit of tomato planting, be expected to become the another new way of tomato planting increasing both production and income.
3 nitrolims application example on green pepper
3.1 application site is in Da Lin village, Pukou District Jiangpu street, 6 mu of areas, and 5 mu of nitrolim treatment regions, 1 mu of check plot, soil fertility is medium.
3.2 nitrolim consumption and field operation
The nitrolim treatment region: every mu with nitrolim 60 ㎏, and fresh cow dung 2000 ㎏ execute straight fertilizer after the field planting, sow preceding 30 days and with rotovator organic matter and nitrolim uniform particles are ploughed under in the soil, and the degree of depth is 20cm.Water permeable back also with plastic mulching 16 days.Soil treatment is taken off film after accomplishing, and ventilates or airing laggard row crop transplanting in 1 day.
The check plot: conventional fertilizer application is handled every mu with cow dung 2000 ㎏, executes straight fertilizer after the field planting, sows preceding 30 days and with rotovator organic matter and nitrolim uniform particles is ploughed under in the soil, and the degree of depth is 20 cm.Water permeable back also with plastic mulching 16 days.Soil treatment is taken off film after accomplishing, and ventilates or airing laggard row crop transplanting in 1 day.
3.3 cultivation step
2 treatment regions are except that the base manure difference, and other cultivation step is identical, and preventing disease pest control, cultivation uproot etc. is all undertaken by routine.
3.4 result and analysis
3.4.1 see from the field growing situation; The growing way of using nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, 16 days treatment region green pepper of confined reaction is better than the check plot, and it is strong to show as growth potential, the neat leaf color depth of growing; Later stage of particularly growing shows evident difference; Check plot leaf look light, show early ageing, and the nitrolim treatment region still keeping growing way preferably.
3.4.2 a situation arises for disease, according to field investigation, uses nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, 16 days treatment region of confined reaction than check plot soil organic matter increase by 43%, the nematode number reduces 93%, and the plant incidence of disease reduces 62%, and plant height increases by 11%.
3.4.3 the influence to output: output is investigated the result; Use nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, 16 days treatment region average theory per mu yield 3075 ㎏ of confined reaction, than check plot 2812 ㎏, raising the output 9.4%; Average every mu 2908 ㎏ of effective yield nitrolim treatment region is than check plot 2684 ㎏ raising the output 8.4%.
3.5 conclusion
This demonstration shows; Use nitrolim 60 ㎏/mus, confined reaction was used on green pepper in 16 days, can effectively alleviate green pepper disease and continuous cropping obstacle, increased green pepper output; Promote green pepper fruit shape neat and consistent; Improve commodity rate, improve the economic benefit of green pepper plantation, be expected to become the another new way of green pepper plantation increasing both production and income.
Claims (3)
1. method that effectively alleviates facility soil continuous cropping soil obstacle is characterized in that:
1) suitable treatment period
Soil treatment should select carry out the season of a day minimum air temperature >=5 ℃, and the summer high temperature period is best, should after first crop crop harvesting and cleaning, reserve enough reactions and ventilation airing time, before second stubble crop sowing or transplanting, carries out;
2) the nitrolim consumption confirms
Every 667m
2The nitrolim usage amount of soil is 20 ㎏～80 ㎏, and concrete consumption should be confirmed according to soil property, crop species, continuous cropping obstacle degree and required being effective;
3) field operation
(1) spreads fertilizer over the fields organic materials: organic materials is pressed 20 times to 60 times weight of nitrolim usage amount, evenly be spread on soil surface;
(2) spread fertilizer over the fields nitrolim: on organic materials, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields nitrolim;
(3) conpound salto is ploughed: with rotovator, Cultivator or manual work organic matter and nitrolim uniform particles are ploughed under in the soil, the degree of depth is 20cm～30cm;
(4) bedding: the high 20cm～30cm of furrow, the wide 60cm～150cm of furrow;
(5) overlay film, pour water and seal: overlay on the furrow face with colorless and transparent film, pour water toward between furrow down from film, in furrow soil fully moistening till, soil moisture remains 60%～70%, irritate sufficient water after, the furrow body is sealed, the soil and the external world are isolated fully;
(6) soil reaction: soil need keep humidity and confined reaction state, during 5～15 ℃ of soil temperature, and nitrolim usage amount 20～30 ㎏/667m
2, need confined reaction 15～20 days, nitrolim usage amount 30～40 ㎏/667m
2, need confined reaction 20～25 days, nitrolim usage amount 50～80 ㎏/667m
2, need confined reaction 25～30 days; During 15～25 ℃ of soil temperature, nitrolim usage amount 20～30 ㎏/667m
2, need confined reaction 10～15 days, nitrolim usage amount 30～40 ㎏/667m
2, need confined reaction 15～20 days, nitrolim usage amount 50～80 ㎏/667m
2, need confined reaction 20～25 days; During 25～30 ℃ of soil temperature, nitrolim usage amount 20～30 ㎏/667m
2, need confined reaction 10～12 days, nitrolim usage amount 30～40 ㎏/667m
2, need confined reaction 12～15 days, nitrolim usage amount 50～80 ㎏/667m
2, need confined reaction 15～20 days;
(7) take off the film airing: soil treatment is taken off film after accomplishing, and ventilation or airing can be carried out seeding crops or transplanting after 1～2 day.
2. a kind of method that effectively alleviates facility soil continuous cropping soil obstacle according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
When said nitrolim was used to prevent and treat the harm of nematoda soil insect, consumption was every 667m
2Soil 50 ㎏～70 ㎏; When being used to prevent and treat fungi or bacillary soil-borne disease, consumption is every 667m
2Soil 60 ㎏～80 ㎏; When being used to regulate soil acidity or alkalinity, consumption is every 667m
2Soil 20 ㎏～60 ㎏; During as slow nitrogenous fertilizer, consumption is every 667m
2Soil 40 ㎏～80 ㎏.
3. a kind of method that effectively alleviates facility soil continuous cropping soil obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said organic materials is selected feces of livestock and poultry, stalk, rice husk or Chinese medicine slag for use.
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Owner name: NANJING PROTECTION STATION OF FARMLAND QUALITY Free format text: FORMER NAME: NANJING SOIL AND FERTILIZER STATION |
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Address after: 1210, room 169, agricultural science and technology building, 210036 Hanzhoung Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Patentee after: Nanjing cultivated land quality protection station Patentee after: Nanjing Jiangning District Agriculture Bureau Address before: 1210, room 169, agricultural science and technology building, 210036 Hanzhoung Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Patentee before: Nanjing Soil Fertilizer Station Patentee before: Nanjing Jiangning District Agriculture Bureau |
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Granted publication date: 20140115 Termination date: 20171111 |
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