CN101278611A - Method for treating greenhouse strawberry continuous cropping field soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the planting technology of crops and relates to a method for treating the soil of a continuous cropping field of greenhouse strawberry. The method includes the following steps: a. plants are pulled out as soon as the harvest of the greenhouse strawberry is finished during May to July every year and ground surface covering materials like black plastic film, etc. are removed; b. green bran, the glume of which is removed, is scattered, the amount is 500-750 kg per mu, and the rice bran is evenly mixed into the soil by adopting mechanical and manual method for intertillage weeding; c. surrounding ditches around the greenhouse and the interior of the greenhouse are fully irrigated with water, and the soil in the greenhouse becomes saturated by absorbing water; d. the field surface in the greenhouse is covered with undamaged plastic film, the soil around the plastic film is firmly pressed to prevent air from entering until August to September when strawberry is to be planted. The method can eliminate the obstacle of continuous cropping of strawberry, causes no pollution to the environment, and provides better organic fertilizer for the growth of strawberry, thus having good comprehensive economic benefit.

Description

Method for treating greenhouse strawberry continuous cropping field soil

Technical field

The invention belongs to the proportion of crop planting technology, relate to a kind of method for treating greenhouse strawberry continuous cropping field soil.

Background technology

Strawberry nutrition is worth high, goes on the market early, and with short production cycle, instant effect is regarded as Winter-Spring fruit treasure, is " green is passed the winter " high-efficiency and economic crop.But along with production-scale expansion, cultivated area increases, and second crop soil increases, and the harm of strawberry root disease increases the weight of year by year, causes enormous economic loss to the peasant, becomes one of major obstacle of strawberry industry development.The strawberry continuous cropping disease is the compound root disease that is caused jointly by soil-borne disease fungal pathogens, nematode and other environmental factors, it is green or yellow curling that cardinal symptom shows as the flavescence of seedling lobus cardiacus, the narrow and small ship shape that is, both sides leaflet on the compound leaf is asymmetric, is deformity, most hardening, the jaundice of leaf look, the rough surface tarnish, the yellowish-brown wilting of leaf margin, in addition withered.Plant strain growth is bad, lackluster, and the blackening of underground root vascular bundle, last complete stool is withered.Sometimes the side of plant morbidity, and opposite side health presents what is called " half body is wilting " symptom.Substantially result or fruit do not expand diseased plant.Can cause whole strawberry producing region to destroy when serious.

In the preventing and controlling of strawberry continuous cropping disease, the common method of preventing and treating mainly contains: chemical control, physical control, cultural control, biological control etc.Chemical control is a method commonly used both at home and abroad, but it relatively wastes time and energy to soil-borne disease, and to the control efficiency of pathogenic soil thing not as remarkable to blade face pathogen control efficiency.Though utilize Celfume, chloropicrin fumigating soil better to the preventive effect of strawberry continuous cropping disease, the plot preventive effect that has can reach 100%.But Celfume is serious to depletion of the ozone layer, will completely forbid to produce and use, and chloropicrin then is a kind of highly toxic fumigant, the residue of pesticide problem of bringing and the destruction of ball ecological environment be can not be ignored.Physical control comprises and utilizes daylight to disinfecting soil etc., but effect is subjected to such environmental effects bigger.Cultural control mainly is to utilize crop rotation, but under the limited field condition of peasant, annual change of crops difficulty is bigger, simultaneously owing to be subjected to that the restriction of field piece water conservation condition and water condition is annual to be carried out crop rotation certain difficulty is also arranged.

In addition, the continuous vegetative form crop of Fragaria, in fruit development, also budding, bloom, solid, plant is inner to carry out the next group flower bud differentiation again simultaneously.This just requires the strawberry ridge soil necessary nutriment that can continuously the stable market supply strawberry grows.Adopt traditional chemical fertilizer fertilising, be difficult to accomplish the stable market supply nutrient, nitrogen is excessive often, though can promote fruit development for the moment, directly has influence on the next group flower bud differentiation.And if will directly apply in the strawberry ridge without the fertilizer of the fermentation of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, it is serious then to burn the root phenomenon, seedling-slowing stage is long after the field planting, often causes the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides and a kind ofly can overcome the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle, environmentally safe simultaneously, and can provide organic manure, the method for treating greenhouse strawberry continuous cropping field soil that overall economic efficiency is good for the strawberry growth preferably.

Method of the present invention is:

A. after the 5-7 in every year month greenhouse strawberry is gathered end, pull out plant immediately, remove increased surface covering such as unregistered land film etc.;

B. every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields the blue or green chaff 500-750 kilogram that divests behind the clever shell, adopts machinery or artificial method to intertill, and evenly admixes rice bran in the soil;

C. enclosing around canopy irritated sufficient water in ditch and the canopy, makes the interior soil suction of canopy saturated;

D. the surface, field is not with there being damaged plastic film to cover in canopy, and hilling compacting around the film prevents that air from entering, and begins to plant strawberry until 8-9 month.

The beneficial effect of the inventive method is embodied in:

1, after rice bran is manured into soil, also is the process that consumes soil air in the time of fermentation, makes soil cause the state of an anoxic, adapt to the pathogen under the non-irrigated carded sliver spare for a long time, can not survive owing to there is air.In addition, can produce heat in the time of fermentation, add that ground surface is coated with film, the heat radiation in summer of high temperature is few, causes under the film soil temperature up to more than 60 ℃, has broken through the critical of 55 ℃ of pathogen existence limit high temperature, thereby reaches the purpose of killing pathogenic bacteria.

2, rice bran through the hot fermentation in a summer, is waited until and is fully become thoroughly decomposed into high-efficiency organic fertilizer when plant strawberry September in soil.Contain purity nitrogen 13.9kg, pure phosphorus 26.8kg, pure potassium 9.1kg in the 500kg rice bran, can satisfy the strawberry nutritional need in all one's life substantially.

3, film covering, soil high temperature treatment can also be killed the weeds in the soil, have stoped importing into of Alien Weeds seed, have saved the weeding recruitment after strawberry is planted.

4, through reality plantation checking, method of the present invention is remarkable to strawberry verticillium wilt preventive effect; Strawberry output is doubled; Compare with traditional continuous cropping field, though increased the input of rice bran, saved the expense of filling the gaps with seedlings and the recruitment of filling the gaps with seedlings, actual every mu of few input is greatly reduced, and adds that the increase of output makes it increase substantially than traditional continuous cropping field economic benefit.

Embodiment

Adopt the inventive method since two thousand six in white rabbit town, Jurong City, Jiangsu Province, carried out the greenhouse strawberry continuous cropping field soil treatment in continuous 2 years, concrete grammar is as follows: pull out plant immediately after the June in every year, greenhouse strawberry was gathered end, remove increased surface covering such as unregistered land film etc.; Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 600 kilograms of the blue or green chaffs that divest behind the clever shell, adopts machinery or artificial method to intertill, and evenly admixes rice bran in the soil; Sufficient water is irritated in enclosing around canopy in ditch and the canopy, make the interior soil suction of canopy saturated; The surface, field is not with there being damaged plastic film to cover in canopy, and hilling compacting around the film prevents that air from entering, and begins to plant strawberry until September.

The comparative trial and the analytical effect of the embodiment of the invention are as follows:

Table 1: the inventive method soil treatment is to overcoming the effect of bright precious strawberry verticillium wilt

Handle	The incidence of disease (%)	Plant height (cm)	Stem thick (cm)	Peduncle long (cm)	Peduncle thick (cm)	The Xiao Hua number
							Common continuous cropping field	17	13	1.1	15.3	0.4	6.7
The inventive method is handled continuous cropping field	0.25	20.3	1.9	20.7	0.6	8.7

Table 2: every mu of input cost of the inventive method soil treatment is adjusted

Unit: unit/mu

Handle	Fertilizer cost	The expense of filling the gaps with seedlings	The wage of filling the gaps with seedlings	The total input
					Common continuous cropping field	315	1150	600	2065
The inventive method is handled continuous cropping field	780	0	0	780

Table 3: the inventive method soil treatment is to the influence of output, benefit

Unit: unit/mu

Handle	Per mu yield (kg)	Average unit price (unit/kg)	Per mu yield value (unit)	Net benefits (unit)
					Common continuous cropping field	1000	8	8000	5935
The inventive method is handled continuous cropping field	2000	9	18000	17220

Claims (1)

1, a kind of method for treating greenhouse strawberry continuous cropping field soil is characterized in that:

A. after the 5-7 in every year month greenhouse strawberry is gathered end, pull out plant immediately, remove increased surface covering;

B. every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields the blue or green chaff 500-750 kilogram that divests behind the clever shell, adopts machinery or artificial method to intertill, and evenly admixes rice bran in the soil;

C. enclosing around canopy irritated sufficient water in ditch and the canopy, makes the interior soil suction of canopy saturated;

D. the surface, field is not with there being damaged plastic film to cover in canopy, and hilling compacting around the film prevents that air from entering, and begins to plant strawberry until 8-9 month.