CN113080042B - Annual efficient production method and annual efficient production device for strawberries in cold areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a method and a device for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold areas, wherein the method comprises a three-dimensional-house-interplanting-annual combined planting mode; the method comprises the following steps: the soilless culture technology is applied, and a strawberry and mint interplanting mode is adopted, namely a strawberry chamber and a mint chamber are arranged, wherein the strawberry chamber is arranged at the upper part of the mint chamber; when the strawberry plants age, arranging the two planting grooves in parallel, removing mint plants, and introducing the creeping stems into empty grooves by utilizing the characteristic that the strawberry plants grow rapidly in 4-8 months, so as to cultivate new strawberry individuals; after the new strawberry plants grow into seedlings, the aged strawberry plants are removed, mint seedlings are planted on the lower layer according to the same method, and the process is repeated all the year round. The applicant adopts a new planting method of strawberry-mint interplanting to establish a new planting mode of three-dimensional type, house type, interplanting type and annual type; the technical method and the special equipment of the application have great value in the production of strawberries in cold areas.

Description

Annual efficient production method and annual efficient production device for strawberries in cold areas

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of plant production, and particularly relates to a method for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold areas and the technical field of device structures thereof.

Background

Strawberry belongs to perennial and shallow dormant herbaceous plants; preference for warm and cool climate, wherein the root growth temperature is 15-22 ℃, the stem and leaf growth temperature is 20-30 ℃, the flower bud differentiation period is 5-15 ℃, and the flowering and fruiting period is 4-40 ℃. If the method is assisted by certain production facility equipment, the method utilizes the climatic advantages of strong illumination, high temperature and cool throughout the year (the summer air temperature is 20-22 ℃, the winter air temperature is 8.0-13 ℃ and the annual average air temperature is 15.0 ℃) of low latitude and high altitude (2000-2600 m), plants the variety with small low temperature required by dormancy, selects a high-efficiency planting mode, and can realize the purposes of annual planting and annual high-efficiency production. Thus, the seedling dosage can be reduced, the land can be saved, the production cost can be reduced, and the economic benefit can be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to solve the defects, and provides a method and a device for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold areas. The method and the device can reduce the production cost, improve the yield of strawberries and increase the economic income.

The application is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

The application discloses a method for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold areas, which comprises a three-dimensional-house-interplanting-annual combined planting mode; the method comprises the following steps: the soilless culture technology is applied, and a strawberry and mint interplanting mode is adopted, namely a strawberry chamber and a mint chamber are arranged, wherein the strawberry chamber is arranged at the upper part of the mint chamber; when the strawberry plants age, arranging the two planting grooves in parallel, removing mint plants, and introducing the creeping stems into empty grooves by utilizing the characteristic that the strawberry plants grow rapidly in 4-8 months, so as to cultivate new strawberry individuals; after the new strawberry plants grow into seedlings, the aged strawberry plants are removed, mint seedlings are planted on the lower layer according to the same method, and the process is repeated all the year round.

In order to achieve a better effect, the method also comprises a light-scattering greenhouse film facility cultivation method, which specifically comprises the following steps: and selecting a diffusion film from a greenhouse film of the strawberry greenhouse, wherein the diffusion film comprises a diffusion film arranged at the top of the greenhouse and a diffusion film arranged at the side part of the greenhouse.

For better effect, the method also comprises temperature and illumination management; the temperature and illumination management comprises different illumination time and temperature settings in three special growth periods of the strawberries, and specifically comprises the following steps:

in the growing period to the early flowering period of the strawberry stems and leaves, the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃ and long sunlight more than 16 hours;

in the flower bud differentiation period of the strawberries, if the greenhouse temperature is higher than 15 ℃, building a sunshade net and micro-spraying cooling, and controlling short sunshine for 10-12 hours;

in the flowering and fruiting period of strawberries, the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 4-40 ℃, greenhouse heating is adopted in the daytime, cooling measures are adopted at night, and illumination is ensured to reach 12-15 hours.

In order to achieve a better effect, the method also comprises root system cultivation measures, wherein the root system cultivation measures comprise root breaking of strawberries, particularly the root breaking is carried out by vertically inserting the root breaking at the depth of 50cm around a sharp tool at a position 1-1.5 cm away from the shortened stems, and the root breaking can be continuously carried out for 3-4 times at intervals of 20 days.

In order to achieve a better effect, the method also comprises root cultivation measures, including adding a matrix layer, specifically removing old leaves and mulch films, and then raising the matrix layer by 5-8 cm, preferably without covering growing points.

In order to achieve a better effect, the method also comprises root cultivation measures, including branch-coating and leaf-removing treatment, in particular to a method for retaining a growing main branch with stronger growth vigor, removing redundant branches and retaining effective leaves 8-12 on the main branch.

In order to achieve a better effect, the method also comprises seedling selection, namely selecting the medium-day strawberry variety Miaoxiang No. 7 or Monte or Bot Lara tissue culture 1-2 generation seedlings, and carrying out cold storage treatment for production; quality standard of strawberry seedlings: bare root seedlings or plug seedlings are adopted for cutting. The seedling has developed root system, strong white root, thick and short leaf stalk, stem thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm, 4-6 functional leaves and no plant diseases and insect pests.

For better effect, the method of the application comprises that sunshade net is not arranged when seedlings are transplanted.

The three-dimensional planting device arranged by the method comprises a first planting groove 1, a second planting groove 2, a supporting end 3, a long rotating shaft 4 and a rotating rod 5;

the side walls of the first planting groove 1 and the second planting groove 2 are provided with certain thickness;

circular concave parts 6 are respectively formed on the side walls of the upper parts of the first planting groove 1 and the second planting groove 2; a short rotating shaft 7 is fixedly arranged in the circular concave 6 respectively;

the number of the supporting ends 3 is more than 2, and the supporting ends 3 are arranged in an inverted U shape and are arranged in parallel; a through hole 8 is provided at the upper end of each support tip 3; the long rotating shafts 4 are respectively penetrated in all the through holes 8 and are connected in a rotating way;

the two ends of the rotating rod 5 are respectively provided with an end rotating hole 9 and a center rotating hole 10; the end rotating hole 9 is in rotating fit connection with the first planting groove 1 or the second planting groove 2 through the short rotating shaft 7; the central rotating hole 10 penetrates through the through hole 8 and is in rotating fit connection with the long rotating shaft 4;

the openings of the first planting groove 1 and the second planting groove 2 are upward.

For better effect, the device of the application is provided with drainage grooves 12 on two sides of the bottom of the first planting groove 1 or the second planting groove 2; an S hook 11 is arranged between the bottom of the first planting groove 1 or the second planting groove 2 and the supporting end 3.

The beneficial effects of the application are that 1, the applicant adopts a new planting method of strawberry-mint interplanting to establish a new planting mode of three-dimensional, house-wrapped, interplanting and annual type; the novel mode not only utilizes the beneficial effect of the mint on the strawberries in the growth process, but also avoids the defect of strawberry-mint intercropping, and plays an outstanding positive role in annual and efficient production of strawberries in cold areas; 2) The strawberry variety suitable for cold areas is bred, and the strawberry variety is refrigerated before production, so that the quality standard of strawberry seedlings is confirmed; 3) Breaking the conventional arrangement of sunshade net required by seedling transplanting, and applying the light-scattering film greenhouse to the whole process of cultivating the seedling, forming the seedling, strengthening the plant and fruiting of the strawberry; 4) Different illumination time and temperature settings during three specific growth phases of strawberries were studied; 5) Three important technical treatment contents of root interruption, matrix layer addition, branch pruning and leaf removal of strawberry root cultivation measures are researched; 6) Aiming at the new planting method, a set of stereoscopic device suitable for greenhouse production is specially developed, and special objects are specially used; 7) Setting field management of strawberries in autumn and winter to spring and summer in detail; 8) Limiting the technical content of the year-old cultivation of the strawberries; etc. The technical method and the special equipment of the application have great value in the production of strawberries in cold areas.

The application is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a side view of the device of the present application in a state of motion;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a side view of the device according to the present application.

The reference numerals are: the planting device comprises a first planting groove (1), a second planting groove (2), a supporting end (3), a long rotating shaft (4), a rotating rod (5), a round concave (6), a short rotating shaft (7), a through hole (8), an end rotating hole (9), a central rotating hole (10), an S hook (11) and a drainage groove (12).

Detailed Description

Example 1

In order to solve the technical problem of seedling production, the technical method of the embodiment is as follows:

selecting a daily neutral strawberry variety Miaoxiang No. 7, tissue culture 1-2 seedlings of Montrea, botella and the like, and carrying out cold storage treatment for production.

Quality standard of strawberry seedlings: bare root seedlings or plug seedlings are adopted for cutting. The seedling has developed root system, strong white root, thick and short leaf stalk, stem thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm, 4-6 functional leaves and no plant diseases and insect pests.

Example 2

In order to solve the technical problem of field production, the technical method of the embodiment is as follows:

and (5) adopting a light-scattering greenhouse film facility for cultivation. The light-scattering film has the functions of high film light transmittance, uniform light distribution, direct irradiation of ultraviolet rays to the surfaces of strawberry fruits and the like, so that the color of the fruits is kept bright red; light can be effectively utilized through astigmatism, and the back of the blade can also irradiate light, so that photosynthesis efficiency is improved, and yield is increased; the light scattering film has a good temperature control effect, can effectively regulate the temperature, quickly heat up in the morning, can reduce the greenhouse temperature by 2-8 ℃ when the illumination in noon is strong, can block infrared heat dissipation at night, can raise the temperature at night by 2-4 ℃, prevents strawberries from dormancy caused by low temperature, and improves the fruit quality; meanwhile, the film has a good temperature control effect, sunshade net is not needed when seedlings are transplanted, and the seedling transplanting survival rate is improved by 1.1 percent compared with that of the traditional mode, so that the film has the effects of improving quality, saving cost and improving efficiency.

The planting mode of three-dimensional, house-wrapped, interplanting and annual planting is utilized. See fig. 1 and 2.

The soilless culture technology is utilized, a pulley rolling upper layer and lower layer three-dimensional cultivation mode is adopted, each layer is spaced by 1.0m, a bag house is built in a planting groove according to specifications of length, width and height of 0.3m, 0.3m and 0.5m, and drain holes are formed under each bag house. Wherein, the upper layer planting groove is used for planting a strawberry seedling in the center of the flat surface of the chamber, so that the incidence rate of soil-borne diseases can be reduced by 2.1 percent; 4 peppermint seedlings are uniformly planted in each groove at the lower layer, and the insect prevention and sterilization effects are achieved, wherein the disease occurrence rate is reduced by 1.2 percent, and the insect pest occurrence rate is reduced by 2.2 percent. When the strawberry plants age, the two planting grooves are arranged in parallel, mint plants are removed, and the characteristic that the strawberry plants grow fast in the creeping stems of 4 months to 8 months is utilized, so that the creeping stems are introduced into empty grooves, and new strawberry individuals are cultivated. Removing aged strawberry plants after new strawberry plants grow into seedlings, and planting mint seedlings on the lower layer according to the same method; the technology can reduce the production cost by 36.3 percent and effectively prevent continuous cropping obstacle.

Temperature and light management. Different growth periods of strawberries require different durations of air temperature and illumination. In the growth period to the early flowering period of the stems and leaves, the greenhouse temperature is required to be 20-30 ℃ and long sunlight above 16 hours; in the flower bud differentiation period, if the greenhouse temperature is higher than 15 ℃, building a sunshade net and micro-spraying to cool, and requiring short sunshine of 10-12 hours; in the flowering and fruiting period, the greenhouse temperature is required to be 4-40 ℃, so that greenhouse temperature should be increased in the daytime, and cooling measures are adopted at night, and illumination is ensured to reach 12-15 hours. Under the condition of proper temperature, after the illumination time is increased by using the LED lamp, the fresh weight of the biomass of the single plant is increased by 4-9% in different periods, and the illumination demand is increased by 11% in the whole growth period according to different periods.

TABLE 1

Root cultivation measures. In the long-term (3-5 months, 8-11 months) of the strong strawberry root system, the technical measures of root breaking, matrix layer increasing, branch and leaf removing and the like are adopted, which is beneficial to cultivating the strawberry root system. Wherein, the root breaking technique is that the root breaking is carried out by vertically inserting the edge tool around a place 1-1.5 cm away from the short stalk by 50cm deep, and the root breaking can be carried out continuously for 3-4 times, and each time is separated by 20 days;

the substrate layer is added to remove old leaves and mulch films, and then the substrate layer is raised by 5-8 cm, so that growth points are not covered, and the generation of adventitious roots is promoted;

pruning and defoliating treatment: and (3) retaining a main growth branch with stronger growth potential, removing redundant branches, retaining effective leaves 8-12 on the main branch, and guiding the nutrient to be conveyed to the lower part by adjusting the overground part.

By adopting the technical measures of root breaking, ridging and pruning, the dry weight of the single plant root is increased by 33.4-219.4% and the crown ratio of the single plant root is increased by 231.7-714.1%.

Item group/group category	Increasing the illumination time (h) with LED lamp	Fresh weight of biomass of individual plant: control
			Growing period of stem and leaf	5～6	1.06
Flower bud differentiation stage	1～2	1.04
			Flowering and fruiting period	2～5	1.09
Full growth period	400～750	1.11

TABLE 2

Item group/group category	Root dry weight (g)	Root-to-crown ratio
			Not working	8.06	0.284
Root break	22.73	2.013
			Hilling	19.74	1.584
Removing old peopleLeaves of the plant	10.75	0.942
			Comprehensive measures	25.74	2.312

Example 3

Field management

Autumn and winter management

First, after installing drip irrigation system, the strawberry planting groove covers black plastic film.

Secondly, when planting, if the sun-shading net is set up and micro-spraying facilities are started in high-temperature weather, the effects of cooling and reducing transpiration are achieved, and the humidity is controlled to be about 80%.

Thirdly, pulling the sunshade net away in time after the strawberries survive to prevent overgrowth, dripping with compound fertilizer with concentration of 1% -3% every 20 days, and keeping the humidity of the matrix at 70%; measures such as old leaves, diseased leaves, weak buds, stolons and the like are cleaned in time in sunny days.

Fourthly, the gibberellin, the carbon fertilizer and the mother plant of the Yu plant are applied in trial, the dormancy breaking and the speed increasing are carried out, the nutrition is increased, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the effects of improving quality and increasing yield are achieved. Fifth, the temperature is raised and kept for the next 2 months in 11 months along with the temperature drop, so that the freeze injury is avoided.

Spring and summer management

3-7 months, and the temperature and humidity in the shed should be strictly controlled in the period of high temperature and rainy season.

Temperature requirement: the daytime temperature is about 26 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is about 8 ℃, so that the production of high-quality fruits is facilitated.

If the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 28 ℃, the greenhouse edge film is lifted to be ventilated and cooled at about 10 am, or the greenhouse film is sprayed with 'cool benefiting' or water spraying to be cooled.

In rainy season, the greenhouse is utilized to keep out rain, the air humidity is controlled to be 80%, and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests caused by overlarge humidity due to water accumulation in the greenhouse is avoided.

Pest control

In the annual production process of strawberries, the pest control is carried out according to the principle that physical method and biological technology control are mainly and chemical control is auxiliary.

Physical methods and biotechnology:

firstly, properly controlling the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adding medium trace element fertilizer, avoiding excessive humidity, cleaning disease plants, disease leaves and disease fruits in time, and enhancing ventilation;

secondly, according to the tendencies of pests to colors, lights, sex hormones and the like, yellow boards, blue boards, insecticidal lamps, sex attractants and other facilities are hung to trap the pests;

thirdly, releasing natural enemies of the pests to control development and spread of the pests;

fourth, fumigating with sulfur to kill parasites and prevent diseases. The main principle of chemical agent prevention and control is as follows: according to the characteristics of occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in different growth stages of strawberries, main control objects are defined, overall arrangement and mixed medication are realized, and the purpose of one spraying with multiple effects is achieved; the medicament is preferably a slightly toxic or biological agent, so that the strawberry product meets the safety requirement.

Years of year determination for one plant

Because the first-crop strawberries are planted, the biomass is difficult to reach the best under the influence of production conditions, and the yield advantage of the variety cannot be fully exerted; and in the second crop-2 years, the plant adaptability is enhanced, and the maximum yield and benefit can be achieved. Over 3 years, the plants are gradually aged, the growth is declined, the yield and the quality are reduced, the plant diseases and insect pests are increased, and the production cost is increased. Therefore, the new seedling cultivation period should be determined according to the cultivation level and the plant performance, and the tissue culture seedling is recommended to cultivate the third generation seedlings.

Other management is consistent with conventional techniques.

Comparison test:

the test is divided into a group 1, a group 2 and a control group, the planting varieties of each test group are Miaoxiang No. 7, and the planting modes of greenhouse winter and spring planting and greenhouse 2 annual planting and traditional open field semi-forcing planting are adopted respectively. The yield and the yield value were counted and the results are shown in Table 3:

TABLE 3 Table 3

From the above table, it can be seen that: the planting method has high yield and remarkable benefit, and is superior to the traditional planting method.

The foregoing is only a few specific embodiments of the present application (since the embodiments of the present application are not intended to be exhaustive, the scope of the application is defined by the description of the application and other technical gist of the application), and the details or common sense of the prior art are not described in any detail herein. It should be noted that the above embodiments do not limit the present application in any way, and it is within the scope of the present application for those skilled in the art to obtain the technical solution by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold areas is characterized by comprising a three-dimensional-house-interplanting-annual combined planting mode; the method comprises the following steps: the soilless culture technology is applied, and a strawberry and mint interplanting mode is adopted, namely a strawberry chamber and a mint chamber are arranged, wherein the strawberry chamber is arranged at the upper part of the mint chamber; when the strawberry plants age, arranging the two planting grooves in parallel, removing mint plants, and introducing the creeping stems into empty grooves by utilizing the characteristic that the strawberry plants grow rapidly in 4-8 months, so as to cultivate new strawberry individuals; removing aged strawberry plants after new strawberry plants grow into seedlings, and planting mint seedlings on the lower layer according to the same method, and repeating all the year round;

a three-dimensional planting device is arranged, and the device comprises a first planting groove (1), a second planting groove (2), a supporting end (3), a long rotating shaft (4) and a rotating rod (5);

the side walls of the first planting groove (1) and the second planting groove (2) are provided with a certain thickness;

circular concave parts (6) are respectively formed on the side walls of the upper parts of the first planting groove (1) and the second planting groove (2); a short rotating shaft (7) is fixedly arranged in the circular concave (6) respectively;

the number of the supporting ends (3) is more than 2, and the supporting ends (3) are arranged in an inverted U shape and are arranged in parallel; a through hole (8) is arranged at the upper end of each supporting end head (3); the long rotating shafts (4) are respectively penetrated in all the through holes (8) and are connected in a rotating way;

the two ends of the rotating rod (5) are respectively provided with an end rotating hole (9) and a center rotating hole (10); the end rotating hole (9) is in rotating fit connection with the first planting groove (1) or the second planting groove (2) through a short rotating shaft (7); the central rotating hole (10) penetrates through the through hole (8) and is in rotating fit connection with the long rotating shaft (4);

the openings of the first planting groove (1) and the second planting groove (2) are upward.

2. The method for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold areas according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising a light-scattering greenhouse film facility cultivation method, specifically comprising the following steps: and selecting a diffusion film from a greenhouse film of the strawberry greenhouse, wherein the diffusion film comprises a diffusion film arranged at the top of the greenhouse and a diffusion film arranged at the side part of the greenhouse.

3. The method for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold regions of claim 1, further comprising temperature and light management; the temperature and illumination management comprises different illumination time and temperature settings in three special growth periods of the strawberries, and specifically comprises the following steps:

in the growing period to the early flowering period of the strawberry stems and leaves, the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃ and long sunlight more than 16 hours;

in the flower bud differentiation period of the strawberries, if the greenhouse temperature is higher than 15 ℃, building a sunshade net and micro-spraying cooling, and controlling short sunshine for 10-12 hours;

in the flowering and fruiting period of strawberries, the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 4-40 ℃, greenhouse heating is adopted in the daytime, cooling measures are adopted at night, and illumination is ensured to reach 12-15 hours.

4. The method for annual high-efficiency production of strawberries in cold areas according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising root system cultivation measures, wherein the root system cultivation measures comprise root breaking of strawberries, particularly root breaking of strawberries in a position 1-1.5 cm away from a shortened stalk, wherein the root breaking is carried out by vertically inserting the root breaking device into the position 50cm deep around the edge, and the root breaking can be carried out continuously for 3-4 times at intervals of 20 days.

5. The method for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold areas according to claim 1, further comprising root cultivation measures, including adding a matrix layer, in particular after removing old leaves and mulch film, and raising the matrix layer by 5-8 cm, preferably without covering growing points.

6. The method for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold areas according to claim 1, further comprising root cultivation measures including pruning and defoliation treatment, specifically retaining a growing main branch with stronger growth vigor, removing redundant branches, and retaining effective leaves 8-12 on the main branch.

7. The method for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold regions according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising seedling selection, namely selecting a medium-day strawberry variety Miaoxiang No. 7 or Montrea or Botela tissue culture 1-2 seedlings, and performing cold storage treatment for production; quality standard of strawberry seedlings: adopting bare root seedlings or plug seedlings for cutting; the seedling has developed root system, strong white root, thick and short leaf stalk, stem thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm, 4-6 functional leaves and no plant diseases and insect pests.

8. A method for annual efficient production of strawberries in cold areas according to claim 2, which comprises no sunshade net being arranged when the seedlings are transplanted.

9. The annual high-efficiency production method of strawberries in cold areas according to claim 1, wherein drainage grooves (12) are formed in two sides of the bottom of the first planting groove (1) or the second planting groove (2); an S-shaped hook (11) is arranged between the bottom of the first planting groove (1) or the second planting groove (2) and the supporting end head (3).