CN112021123A - Method for rapidly reducing clubroot damage in farmland - Google Patents
Method for rapidly reducing clubroot damage in farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN112021123A CN112021123A CN202010790318.XA CN202010790318A CN112021123A CN 112021123 A CN112021123 A CN 112021123A CN 202010790318 A CN202010790318 A CN 202010790318A CN 112021123 A CN112021123 A CN 112021123A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of clubroot prevention and treatment, and discloses a method for quickly reducing clubroot hazards in farmlands, which comprises the following steps: s1, seedling field arrangement: selecting a field with serious clubroot, removing weeds, turning the field, and applying a fertilizer required by soybeans before sowing; s2, planting soybeans: selecting soybean seeds, and uniformly sowing soybeans between 5 months and 10 days and 5 months and 15 days; s3, ploughing and re-planting: 35-55, smashing the grown soybean plants, turning over, and uniformly sowing soybeans again; s4, timely harvesting: harvesting soybeans between 10 days of 9 months and 15 days of 9 months; according to the invention, through continuously planting the soybeans for two times and limiting the respective planting time, growth time and treatment mode of the soybeans for two seasons, the fungus source quantity of the soil is reduced, so that the available soil quantity is rapidly increased, the transmission of clubroot dormant spores is prevented, the yield of cruciferous crops such as rapes is not influenced, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of clubroot prevention and treatment, in particular to a method for quickly reducing clubroot damage in a farmland.
Background
Rape, together with soybean, peanut and sesame, is listed as four major oil crops in China, and is not only a main raw material of edible oil, but also an important industrial raw material and an important biological resource of future renewable energy. The rapeseed oil content is more than 33 percent, which provides high-quality edible oil necessary for people's life, and the rapeseed oil with high erucic acid content can also be used as lubricating oil in the mechanical processing and textile industries. The cake residue after rapeseed oil extraction contains 36% of crude protein, has high nutritive value, and is excellent feed for livestock and poultry. In addition, rape can be planted in newly reclaimed land, fallow land and saline-alkali land as pioneer crop and green manure crop. It has strong adaptability, wide application, high economic value and great development potential, and plays an important role in national economy.
The rape clubroot is a rape root disease caused by the infection of Plasmodiophora brassica wordline, and has great harm to rape production. In recent years, with the increase of rape planting area, long-term continuous cropping, organic matter deficiency and soil acidification, diseases are aggravated year by year, the yield and the quality of rape are both sharply reduced, and the production of rape is seriously threatened. According to investigation since 2000, the clubroot disease incidence field of the rape producing area in Sichuan reaches more than 70 percent, the yield is reduced by more than 50 percent, and once the clubroot disease occurs, the soil carries bacteria for a long time, and is not suitable for planting cruciferous plants such as rape and the like.
Currently, the main control measures for clubroot are: agricultural measures, chemical prevention and cure, disease-resistant variety breeding and biological prevention and cure.
1. Agricultural measures are as follows: improving the pH value of soil; secondly, the traditional paddy-upland rotation is changed into 4-5 years rice-wheat rotation; thirdly, removing and destroying the diseased plant in time; seedling and transplanting in disease-free soil, seedling in disease-free fields, and transplanting with soil in 6-8 leaf periods; fifthly, strengthening cultivation management, reasonably close planting, selecting field planting in sunny days, insisting on deep ditches and high compartments, and timely draining accumulated water in fields.
2. Chemical control: seed treatment and seedbed and farm tool disinfection; ② the prevention and treatment are carried out by chemical agents such as fluazinam (Fridade), cyazofamid (Kejia), chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl and the like.
3. Breeding disease-resistant varieties: through the breeding research of the disease-resistant gene, the disease-resistant variety is cultivated:
4. biological control: plasmodiophora bacteria in soil are inhibited or killed by isolating antagonistic microorganisms from nature or developing effective biological agents.
However, although the above measures can prevent clubroot to some extent, they have the following disadvantages:
1. the amount of the bacteria source of the soil cannot be reduced fundamentally, the diseased field is still not suitable for planting cruciferous plants, the amount of the available soil cannot be increased, and meanwhile, the dormant spores of plasmodiophora brassicae in the soil can still be spread along with the soil and irrigation water;
2. the time period is long, and the influence on the yield of cruciferous crops is large;
3. the use of chemical agents, microorganisms or the planting of highly disease resistant varieties is costly.
Therefore, there is a need for a method for rapidly reducing clubroot in agricultural fields without affecting yield of cruciferous crops and without increasing costs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for quickly reducing clubroot hazards in farmlands so as to achieve the effects of reducing the bacterial source quantity of soil, quickly improving the quantity of available soil and preventing clubroot dormant spores from spreading, simultaneously not influencing the yield of cruciferous crops such as rapes and the like and having low cost.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for rapidly reducing clubroot hazards in farmlands comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling field arrangement: selecting a field with serious clubroot, removing weeds, turning the field, and applying a fertilizer required by soybeans before sowing; wherein the field with serious clubroot disease refers to the field with the clubroot disease incidence rate of more than 80%;
s2, planting soybeans: selecting soybean seeds, and uniformly sowing soybeans between 5 months and 10 days and 5 months and 15 days;
s3, ploughing and re-planting: after 35-55 days, smashing the grown soybean plants, turning over, and uniformly sowing soybeans again;
s4, timely harvesting: soybeans were harvested between 9 months 10 days to 9 months 15 days.
The method has the advantages that the field selected by the method contains a large amount of plasmodiophora brassicae pathogenic bacteria, soybeans are planted in the field for two times continuously, germination of dormant spores of the plasmodiophora brassicae in soil can be promoted continuously by means of special secretion of the root systems of the soybeans, the plasmodiophora brassicae only infects cruciferous crops and does not infect leguminous plants, the dormant spores germinating in the soil can die quickly due to the fact that the dormant spores cannot obtain cruciferous hosts, plasmodiophora brassicae source quantity of the soil is reduced quickly, the available soil quantity is increased and recovered quickly, the probability of infection of the root systems of the subsequent cruciferous crops by the plasmodiophora brassicae is reduced, and the effect of long-distance transmission of the dormant spores is prevented.
Under the normal condition, the rice oil tanker working area is used for planting rice in 5-9 months, and the subsequent time is used for planting cruciferous crops such as rape and the like, the planting time and the growth time of the two-season soybeans are limited, and the two-season soybeans are continuously planted in the planting time of the rice, so that the clubroot disease incidence rate is increased compared with the traditional rice oil tanker working mode, the clubroot disease harm can be reduced in the rice and wheat crop rotation mode, but the defect of long effect time (usually 4-5 years) is overcome, and the effects of quickly reducing the clubroot disease harm and obviously shortening the required time are achieved; meanwhile, the growth time of the soybeans in the first season is 35-55 days, the soybeans are not completely mature at this time, soil organic matters can be increased by smashing and then ploughing the soybeans, nutrients are provided for the soybeans in the second season, the growth and the maturity of the soybeans in the second season are promoted, and finally the soybeans are harvested and continuously planted in the subsequent cruciferous crops, so that the effects of reducing fertilization times, increasing soil organic matters and not affecting the yield of the cruciferous crops are achieved.
Further, in S2, the soybean is sown at a rate of 15-20 kg/mu.
Further, in S3, the soybean is sown at a rate of 15-20 kg/mu.
In the present embodiment, the broadcast amount of the soybean is controlled so that the soybean root system can be sufficiently brought into contact with the soil.
Further, in S3, the time for plowing and replanting can be selected according to specific needs. Specifically, if the mature soybeans need to be harvested between 9 months and 10 days and 9 months and 15 days, ploughing and replanting are carried out 35-50 days later; and if the green beans are required to be harvested between 9 months and 10 days and 9 months and 15 days, ploughing and replanting are carried out 51-55 days later.
Further, in S1, the fertilizer required by the soybeans includes a nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer; wherein, the weight of the nitrogen fertilizer is less than one third of the total weight, and the weight of the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is more than one third of the total weight.
Further, the application amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 25-30 kg/mu.
Further, in S1, the fertilizer for soybeans further includes an organic fertilizer.
Further, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 500-2000 kg/mu.
Further, in S1, the depth of the ground turned over is 15-20 cm
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method for rapidly reducing the damage of the clubroot in the farmland, the germination of the dormant spores of the clubroot in the soil is continuously promoted by continuously planting the soybeans for two seasons, the dormant spores of the germinated clubroot are rapidly killed, and the purpose of rapidly reducing the bacterial source amount of the soil is achieved, so that the number of available soil is rapidly increased, the probability of infection of the root system of the subsequent cruciferous crops by the clubroot is reduced, and the effect of preventing the long-distance spread of the dormant spores of the clubroot is achieved.
2. Compared with the prior art, the method for rapidly reducing the clubroot harm in the farmland does not affect the yield of cruciferous crops, and can reduce the fertilizing times and shorten the time for preventing and treating the clubroot by crop rotation of the cruciferous crops and other crops.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in further detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
Example 1
A method for rapidly reducing clubroot hazards in farmlands comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling field arrangement: selecting a field block with serious clubroot, turning over the field after removing weeds, wherein the turning depth is 15cm, and applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer before sowing at an application amount of 25 kg/mu; in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight of the nitrogen fertilizer is less than one third of the total weight, and the weight of the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is more than one third of the total weight;
s2, planting soybeans: selecting soybean seeds, and uniformly sowing soybeans in 5 months and 10 days, wherein the sowing amount is 20 kg/mu;
s3, ploughing and re-planting: after 35 days, smashing the grown soybean plants, turning over, and uniformly sowing soybeans again, wherein the sowing amount is 20 kg/mu;
s4, timely harvesting: mature soybeans were harvested at 9 months and 10 days.
Example 2
A method for rapidly reducing clubroot hazards in farmlands comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling field arrangement: selecting a field block with serious clubroot, turning over the field after removing weeds, wherein the turning depth is 20cm, and applying an organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer before sowing;
wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2000 kg/mu; the application amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, the weight of the nitrogen fertilizer is less than one third of the total weight, and the weight of the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is more than one third of the total weight;
s2, planting soybeans: selecting soybean seeds, and uniformly sowing the soybeans in 5 months and 10 days, wherein the sowing amount is 15 kg/mu;
s3, ploughing and re-planting: after 50 days, smashing the grown soybean plants, turning over, and uniformly sowing soybeans again, wherein the sowing amount is 15 kg/mu;
s4, timely harvesting: mature soybeans were harvested at 9 months and 15 days.
Example 3
A method for rapidly reducing clubroot hazards in farmlands comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling field arrangement: selecting a field block with serious clubroot, turning over the field after removing weeds, wherein the turning depth is 18cm, and applying an organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer before sowing;
wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 500 kg/mu; the application amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 28 kg/mu, the weight of the nitrogen fertilizer is less than one third of the total weight, and the weight of the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is more than one third of the total weight;
s2, planting soybeans: selecting soybean seeds, and uniformly sowing soybeans in 5 months and 12 days, wherein the sowing amount is 18 kg/mu;
s3, ploughing and re-planting: after 55 days, smashing the grown soybean plants, turning over, and uniformly sowing soybeans again, wherein the sowing amount is 18 kg/mu;
s4, timely harvesting: green beans were harvested at 12 days 9 months.
Example 4
A method for rapidly reducing clubroot hazards in farmlands comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling field arrangement: selecting a field block with serious clubroot, turning over the field after removing weeds, wherein the turning depth is 18cm, and applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer before sowing at an application amount of 25 kg/mu; in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight of the nitrogen fertilizer is less than one third of the total weight, and the weight of the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is more than one third of the total weight;
s2, planting soybeans: selecting soybean seeds, and uniformly sowing soybeans in 5 months and 15 days, wherein the sowing amount is 20 kg/mu;
s3, ploughing and re-planting: after 51 days, smashing the grown soybean plants, turning over, and uniformly sowing soybeans again, wherein the sowing amount is 18 kg/mu;
s4, timely harvesting: green beans were harvested at 9 months and 10 days.
Comparative example 1
The method of the invention in example 1 is compared with the method of the comparative example 1, and the method of the comparative example 1 is as follows: no treatment was performed (this comparative example did not perform any treatment on the field to demonstrate that the method of the invention works better compared to example 1).
Comparative example 2
The method of the invention in example 1 was compared with the method of comparative example 2, and the method of comparative example 2 was: only one season of soybeans were broadcast sown and harvested between 5 months and 9 months, and other conditions such as field dressing, sowing amount, fertilizer application amount, and the like were the same as those of example 1 of the present invention (this comparative example, only one season of soybeans were planted and harvested as compared to example 1, for proving that the method of the present invention is more effective).
Comparative example 3
By comparing the method of the present invention in example 1 with the method of comparative example 3, step S3 in the method of comparative example 3 is: after 60 days, harvesting the grown soybean plants, and uniformly sowing soybeans again, wherein the sowing amount is 15 kg/mu; other conditions such as composition, amount and procedure were the same as in example 1 of the present invention (soybean plants in the first season were harvested as compared to example 1 in this comparative example to demonstrate that the method of the present invention works better).
Test effects
To verify the effect of the present invention, a comparative test was performed. The test method comprises the following steps: after the same diseased field is treated by the methods of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the rape is continuously planted, and the seedling rate, the disease rate and the yield of the harvested rape are counted. The statistical results are shown in the following table:
| index (I) | The seedling rate% | The incidence of disease% | Yield kg/mu |
| Example 1 | 96.5 | 7.1 | 291 |
| Comparative example 1 | 39.9 | 80.4 | 93 |
| Comparative example 2 | 73.2 | 29.1 | 151 |
| Comparative example 3 | 90.1 | 14.5 | 254 |
| Example 2 | 95.8 | 7.2 | 289 |
| Example 3 | 96.3 | 7.0 | 286 |
| Example 4 | 95.9 | 7.3 | 283 |
As can be seen from the above table, the seedling rate and yield were significantly reduced and the incidence was significantly improved in comparative example 1, compared to example 1, because the field was not treated and the amount of the clubroot source in the field was not reduced; the seedling rate and the yield of the control examples 2-3 are increased in sequence, and the morbidity is reduced in sequence, because the effect of reducing the source quantity of clubroot fungi can be achieved by planting soybeans in one season, and the effect of better reducing the source quantity of clubroot fungi, reducing the damage of clubroot and improving the yield can be achieved by continuously planting soybeans in two seasons.
In conclusion, the method for rapidly reducing the clubroot hazard in the farmland achieves the effects of reducing the bacterial source quantity of the soil, thereby rapidly improving the quantity of the available soil and preventing the transmission of clubroot dormant spores, simultaneously not influencing the yield of cruciferous crops such as rape and the like and having low cost.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rapidly reducing clubroot hazards in farmlands is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seedling field arrangement: selecting a field with serious clubroot, removing weeds, turning the field, and applying a fertilizer required by soybeans before sowing;
s2, planting soybeans: selecting soybean seeds, and uniformly sowing soybeans between 5 months and 10 days and 5 months and 15 days;
s3, ploughing and re-planting: after 35-55 days, smashing the grown soybean plants, turning over, and uniformly sowing soybeans again;
s4, timely harvesting: soybeans were harvested between 9 months 10 days to 9 months 15 days.
2. The method for rapidly reducing the clubroot hazard in farmland according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the sowing amount of the soybeans is 15-20 kg/mu.
3. The method for rapidly reducing the clubroot hazard in farmland according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the sowing amount of the soybeans is 15-20 kg/mu.
4. The method for rapidly reducing clubroot in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that in S1, the fertilizer required by soybeans comprises NPK compound fertilizer.
5. The method for rapidly reducing the clubroot disease hazard in the farmland as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the application amount of the NPK compound fertilizer is 25-30 kg/mu.
6. The method for rapidly reducing the clubroot hazard in the farmland as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein in S1, the fertilizer required by the soybeans further comprises organic fertilizer.
7. The method for rapidly reducing the clubroot disease hazards in the farmland as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 500-2000 kg/mu.
8. The method for rapidly reducing the club root disease in the farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the depth of the ploughed land is 15-20 cm.
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| CN102487621A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-13 | 南京市土壤肥料站 | Method for efficiently reducing continuous cropping obstacles of facility soil |
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Application publication date: 20201204 |