CN107371438A - The horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean - Google Patents
The horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean Download PDFInfo
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- CN107371438A CN107371438A CN201710646755.2A CN201710646755A CN107371438A CN 107371438 A CN107371438 A CN 107371438A CN 201710646755 A CN201710646755 A CN 201710646755A CN 107371438 A CN107371438 A CN 107371438A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean, including ploughing the steps such as stubble-cleaning, horizontal bedding, sowing soybean, improving straw mulching, field management, harvesting, wherein field management also includes the steps such as tillage and weeding, cleaning furrow ditch, rich water quality management, pest management.Among the present invention conserves water and soil the horizontal farming in hillside fields and is included in the program of soybean farming with straw-returning, complement each other, prevent Topographic factor, prevent to abandon and crop straw burning, realization is conserved water and soil, getting fat is improved the soil, the ecological circulation of increasing both production and income agricultural；And fertilising uses nuisanceless fertilizer, apply plant ash and make fertilizer, growth needed nutrient matter can not only be supplemented to soybean, sterilizing can also be carried out to soybean plant strain and soil, avoid damaging ecological environment using chemical fertilizer, thus it is possible to vary soil texture, increase soil fertility.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical field, and in particular to the horizontal bedding straw-returning farming side of hillside fields soybean
Method.
Background technology
The stalks such as wheat, rape are reproducible living resources, are always the life fuels of China peasant.With natural gas
The popularization used, rural area is set to have largely stalk more than needed.Sloping upland summer crops stubble plants summer soybean, is China's drought-resistant agriculture
One of crop allocation.Soybean stalk not returning to the field is planted at present, it is believed that straw-returning influences farming and field management, and stalk is cleared up
Go out field or on-site incineration.The summer crops improving straw mulching soybean furrow ditch such as hillside fields wheat, rape, solve soil erosion and straw-returning
Problem, prevent to abandon and pollute environment with crop straw burning, walk sustainable development and conserve water and soil the ecological circulation agricultural that getting fat is improved the soil.
At present, the hillside fields soybean methods of cultivation, after the stalk of summer crops is cleaned out field or on-site incineration, site preparation is ploughed not
Consider horizontal farming, or even make soybean furrow along slope, the specific methods of cultivation comprise the following steps：
1st, stalk is cleared up：After the summer crops such as wheat, rape harvest, stalk is cleaned out field or on-site incineration；
2nd, stubble-cleaning is ploughed：Stubble-cleaning is manually ploughed in rotary tillage；
3rd, using base manure：Broadcast application is in furrow face；
4th, soybean furrow are made：Whole soil crushing, the wide 160cm of furrow, the wide 40cm of furrow ditch, deep 30cm；
5th, soybean is sowed：Bunch planting kind, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 16cm, cave depth 4cm or so, every mu of 10416 caves, per cave are dug with spade
2 are broadcast, envelope of after planting bulldozing pocket, every mu is sowed 20,000 or so；
6th, field management：Watering, fertilizing, tillage and weeding, ditch cleaning ridging, preventing and treating pest and disease damage etc..
The farming defect of above-mentioned summer harvest stubble plantation soybean：
1st, severe water and soil erosion：There is no horizontal farming, even along slope bedding, severe water and soil erosion；
2nd, stalk does not have returning to the field：Stalk abandons field or on-site incineration pollution environment, and returning to the field, the soil organism do not decline stalk,
It is unfavorable for building high-yielding grain fields.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：For above-mentioned deficiency, the invention provides the horizontal bedding stalk of hillside fields soybean
The returning to the field methods of cultivation.Among the present invention conserves water and soil the horizontal farming in hillside fields and is included in the program of soybean farming with straw-returning, phase
It is auxiliary to coordinate, Topographic factor is prevented, prevents to abandon and crop straw burning, realization is conserved water and soil, getting fat is improved the soil, the life of increasing both production and income
State circular agriculture；And fertilising uses nuisanceless fertilizer, apply plant ash and make fertilizer, growth institute can not only be supplemented to soybean
Nutriment is needed, sterilizing can also be carried out to soybean plant strain and soil, avoid causing ecological environment using chemical fertilizer
Destroy, thus it is possible to vary soil texture, increase soil fertility.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean, comprise the following steps：
（1）Plough stubble-cleaning：During the crop harvesting of hillside fields, stalk is chopped to the segment of 3-5cm length in time after harvesting, applies base
Fertilizer, then rotary tillage or it is artificial plough stalk is earthed in, every mu applies after 40-60kg plant ash rotary tillage or people again after 7-12d
Work is ploughed once；
（2）Horizontal bedding：Whole broken planting site soil block, horizontal bedding, sowing cave, line-spacing 25-33.3cm, spacing in the rows are beaten with spade chisel
15-22cm, cave depth 3-5cm, every mu of 1-1.2 ten thousand sow cave；
（3）Sow soybean：By soybean planting in step（2）Sowing cave in, per bunch planting 2-3 grain soybean, envelope of after planting bulldozing cave
Mouthful, every mu of sowing 2-3 ten thousand；
（4）Improving straw mulching：By improving straw mulching in step（3）In the furrow face of the good soybean of kind, plantation hole improving straw mulching thickness is 0.2-
0.4cm, furrow face non-planting hole improving straw mulching thickness are 3-6cm, and every mu of full dose straw-returning, the covering remaining stalk of furrow face is along slope
Reality is jammed on after uniformly being laid in gutter；
（5）Field management：Including tillage and weeding, ditch cleaning ridging, rich water quality management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
1. tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out after the crop made before soybean planting, between an after seedling, growth animated period and harvest,
Tillage and weeding is annual 3-4 times, every time all shallow hoe of intertillage, removes planting site periphery weeds；
2. clear up furrow ditch：The weeds in ditch are removed, rainy season removes debris in ditch in time；
3. rich water quality management：Once, seedling stage spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash to soybean and root applies fowl and animal excrement for top dressing after each tillage and weeding
After earth up；The watering in time of weather arid is met, wherein during 7~September arid, pours within three days a water, rainy season dredges ditch and excludes plantation in time
Base ponding；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Diseased plant is extracted in time and removes planting base；
（6）Harvesting：Timely collecting, straw-returning.
Further, in step（1）, the base manure is dung polluted water water, and dosage is every mu and spreads fertilizer over the fields 60-90kg.
Further, in step（2）, the wide 120-160cm of furrow, the wide 30-40cm of furrow ditch, furrow depth 25-30cm.
Further, in step（3）, the soybean for kind of skin is smooth, full grains, without wound, without rot, free from extraneous odour.
Further, in step（5）, water drainage waterproof in time occurs in spring and summer rainy season in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Disease
Sick hole is carried out disinfection processing with limewash after strain excavation removes.
Further, each disease hole dosage of the limewash is 0.3-0.6kg.
In summary, the present invention has the positive effect that as a result of such scheme：
The present invention uses the horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of soybean, violent for Summer Heavy Rainfall, and hillside fields flowing water is anxious, horizontal farming
Supporting straw-returning, complements each other, and soybean furrow ditch stagnant can deposit rainwater, and the stalk in gutter slow draining and can be detained soil,
Solves the problem of soil erosion and straw-returning；Stalk in furrow ditch and gutter, soft plant residue is rotted into after the several months,
As the source of the soil organism, conserve water and soil, getting fat is improved the soil, and realizes the ecological circulation agricultural of increasing both production and income；And fertilising is equal
Using nuisanceless fertilizer, apply plant ash and make fertilizer, growth needed nutrient matter can not only be supplemented to soybean, can also be right
Soybean plant strain and soil carry out sterilizing, avoid damaging ecological environment using chemical fertilizer, thus it is possible to vary soil knot
Structure, increase soil fertility.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment to the horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean of the present invention, it is described further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean, comprise the following steps：
（1）Plough stubble-cleaning：During the crop harvesting of hillside fields, stalk is chopped to the segment of 3cm length in time after harvesting, applies base
Fertilizer, the base manure are dung polluted water water, and dosage is every mu and spreads fertilizer over the fields 60kg, then rotary tillage or it is artificial plough stalk is earthed in, 7d
Afterwards every mu apply 40kg plant ash after rotary tillage or manually plough once again；
（2）Horizontal bedding：Whole broken planting site soil block, horizontal bedding, the wide 120cm of furrow, the wide 30cm of furrow ditch, furrow depth 25cm, use
Spade chisel beats sowing cave, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, cave depth 3cm, every mu 10,000 sowing cave；
（3）Sow soybean：By soybean planting in step（2）Sowing cave in, per bunch planting 2 soybean, envelope of after planting bulldozing pocket,
Every mu is sowed 20,000；The soybean for kind of skin is smooth, full grains, without wound, without rot, free from extraneous odour；
（4）Improving straw mulching：By improving straw mulching in step（3）In the furrow face of the good soybean of kind, plantation hole improving straw mulching thickness is
0.2cm, furrow face non-planting hole improving straw mulching thickness are 3cm, and every mu of full dose straw-returning, the covering remaining stalk of furrow face is along slope row
Reality is jammed on after uniformly being laid in ditch；
（5）Field management：Including tillage and weeding, ditch cleaning ridging, rich water quality management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
1. tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out after the crop made before soybean planting, between an after seedling, growth animated period and harvest,
Annual 3 times of tillage and weeding, all shallow hoe of intertillage, removes planting site periphery weeds every time；
2. clear up furrow ditch：The weeds in ditch are removed, rainy season removes debris in ditch in time；
3. rich water quality management：Once, seedling stage spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash to soybean and root applies fowl and animal excrement for top dressing after each tillage and weeding
After earth up；The watering in time of weather arid is met, wherein during 7~September arid, pours within three days a water, rainy season dredges ditch and excludes plantation in time
Base ponding；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Diseased plant is extracted in time and removes planting base；In the rainy season hair of spring and summer in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Raw water drainage waterproof in time；Sick hole is carried out disinfection processing with limewash after diseased plant excavation removes, and each disease of limewash cheats dosage and is
0.3kg；
（6）Harvesting：Timely collecting, straw-returning.
Embodiment 2
A kind of horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean, comprise the following steps：
（1）Plough stubble-cleaning：During the crop harvesting of hillside fields, stalk is chopped to the segment of 5cm length in time after harvesting, applies base
Fertilizer, the base manure are dung polluted water water, and dosage is every mu and spreads fertilizer over the fields 90kg, then rotary tillage or it is artificial plough stalk is earthed in, 12d
Afterwards every mu apply 60kg plant ash after rotary tillage or manually plough once again；
（2）Horizontal bedding：Whole broken planting site soil block, horizontal bedding, the wide 160cm of furrow, the wide 40cm of furrow ditch, furrow depth 30cm, use
Spade chisel beats sowing cave, line-spacing 33.3cm, spacing in the rows 22cm, cave depth 5cm, every mu 1.2 ten thousand sowing cave；
（3）Sow soybean：By soybean planting in step（2）Sowing cave in, per bunch planting 3 soybean, envelope of after planting bulldozing pocket,
Every mu is sowed 30,000；The soybean for kind of skin is smooth, full grains, without wound, without rot, free from extraneous odour；
（4）Improving straw mulching：By improving straw mulching in step（3）In the furrow face of the good soybean of kind, plantation hole improving straw mulching thickness is
0.4cm, furrow face non-planting hole improving straw mulching thickness are 6cm, and every mu of full dose straw-returning, the covering remaining stalk of furrow face is along slope row
Reality is jammed on after uniformly being laid in ditch；
（5）Field management：Including tillage and weeding, ditch cleaning ridging, rich water quality management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
1. tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out after the crop made before soybean planting, between an after seedling, growth animated period and harvest,
Annual 4 times of tillage and weeding, all shallow hoe of intertillage, removes planting site periphery weeds every time；
2. clear up furrow ditch：The weeds in ditch are removed, rainy season removes debris in ditch in time；
3. rich water quality management：Once, seedling stage spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash to soybean and root applies fowl and animal excrement for top dressing after each tillage and weeding
After earth up；The watering in time of weather arid is met, wherein during 7~September arid, pours within three days a water, rainy season dredges ditch and excludes plantation in time
Base ponding；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Diseased plant is extracted in time and removes planting base；In the rainy season hair of spring and summer in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Raw water drainage waterproof in time；Sick hole is carried out disinfection processing with limewash after diseased plant excavation removes, and each disease of limewash cheats dosage and is
0.6kg；
（6）Harvesting：Timely collecting, straw-returning.
Embodiment 3
A kind of horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean, comprise the following steps：
（1）Plough stubble-cleaning：During the crop harvesting of hillside fields, stalk is chopped to the segment of 3-4cm length in time after harvesting, applies base
Fertilizer, the base manure are dung polluted water water, and dosage is every mu and spreads fertilizer over the fields 70-80kg, then rotary tillage or it is artificial plough stalk is earthed in,
After 10-12d every mu apply 50-55kg plant ash after rotary tillage or manually plough once again；
（2）Horizontal bedding：Whole broken planting site soil block, horizontal bedding, the wide 130-150cm of furrow, the wide 35-40cm of furrow ditch, furrow are deep
25-28cm, sowing cave is beaten with spade chisel, line-spacing 29-33.3cm, spacing in the rows 18-22cm, cave depth 3-4cm, every mu of 1-1.1 ten thousand are sowed
Cave；
（3）Sow soybean：By soybean planting in step（2）Sowing cave in, per bunch planting 2-3 grain soybean, envelope of after planting bulldozing cave
Mouthful, every mu of sowing 2-2.5 ten thousand；The soybean for kind of skin is smooth, full grains, without wound, without rot, free from extraneous odour；
（4）Improving straw mulching：By improving straw mulching in step（3）In the furrow face of the good soybean of kind, plantation hole improving straw mulching thickness is 0.2-
0.3cm, furrow face non-planting hole improving straw mulching thickness are 3-5cm, and every mu of full dose straw-returning, the covering remaining stalk of furrow face is along slope
Reality is jammed on after uniformly being laid in gutter；
（5）Field management：Including tillage and weeding, ditch cleaning ridging, rich water quality management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
1. tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out after the crop made before soybean planting, between an after seedling, growth animated period and harvest,
Tillage and weeding is annual 3-4 times, every time all shallow hoe of intertillage, removes planting site periphery weeds；
2. clear up furrow ditch：The weeds in ditch are removed, rainy season removes debris in ditch in time；
3. rich water quality management：Once, seedling stage spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash to soybean and root applies fowl and animal excrement for top dressing after each tillage and weeding
After earth up；The watering in time of weather arid is met, wherein during 7~September arid, pours within three days a water, rainy season dredges ditch and excludes plantation in time
Base ponding；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Diseased plant is extracted in time and removes planting base；In the rainy season hair of spring and summer in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Raw water drainage waterproof in time；Sick hole is carried out disinfection processing with limewash after diseased plant excavation removes, and each disease of limewash cheats dosage and is
0.5-0.6kg；
（6）Harvesting：Timely collecting, straw-returning.
In summary, the present invention uses the horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of soybean, violent for Summer Heavy Rainfall, hillside fields stream
Water is anxious, the horizontal supporting straw-returning of farming, complements each other, and soybean furrow ditch stagnant can deposit rainwater, and the stalk in gutter can slow row
Water and the problem for being detained soil, solution soil erosion and straw-returning；Stalk in furrow ditch and gutter, rots into pine after the several months
Soft plant residue, turn into the source of the soil organism, conserve water and soil, getting fat is improved the soil, and realizes the ecological circulation agriculture of increasing both production and income
Industry；And fertilising uses nuisanceless fertilizer, apply plant ash and make fertilizer, nutrition needed for growth can not only be supplemented to soybean
Material, sterilizing can also be carried out to soybean plant strain and soil, avoid damaging ecological environment using chemical fertilizer, can
To change soil texture, increase soil fertility.
The preferred embodiment of invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, all spirit in the present invention
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (6)
1. the horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Plough stubble-cleaning：During the crop harvesting of hillside fields, stalk is chopped to the segment of 3-5cm length in time after harvesting, applies base
Fertilizer, then rotary tillage or it is artificial plough stalk is earthed in, every mu applies after 40-60kg plant ash rotary tillage or people again after 7-12d
Work is ploughed once；
（2）Horizontal bedding：Whole broken planting site soil block, horizontal bedding, sowing cave, line-spacing 25-33.3cm, spacing in the rows are beaten with spade chisel
15-22cm, cave depth 3-5cm, every mu of 1-1.2 ten thousand sow cave；
（3）Sow soybean：By soybean planting in step（2）Sowing cave in, per bunch planting 2-3 grain soybean, envelope of after planting bulldozing cave
Mouthful, every mu of sowing 2-3 ten thousand；
（4）Improving straw mulching：By improving straw mulching in step（3）In the furrow face of the good soybean of kind, plantation hole improving straw mulching thickness is 0.2-
0.4cm, furrow face non-planting hole improving straw mulching thickness are 3-6cm, and every mu of full dose straw-returning, the covering remaining stalk of furrow face is along slope
Reality is jammed on after uniformly being laid in gutter；
（5）Field management：1. tillage and weeding：After the crop made before soybean planting, between an after seedling, growth animated period and harvest
Tillage and weeding is carried out, tillage and weeding is annual 3-4 times, every time all shallow hoe of intertillage, removes planting site periphery weeds；
2. clear up furrow ditch：The weeds in ditch are removed, rainy season removes debris in ditch in time；
3. rich water quality management：Once, seedling stage spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash to soybean and root applies fowl and animal excrement for top dressing after each tillage and weeding
After earth up；The watering in time of weather arid is met, wherein during 7~September arid, pours within three days a water, rainy season dredges ditch and excludes plantation in time
Base ponding；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Diseased plant is extracted in time and removes planting base；
（6）Harvesting：Timely collecting, straw-returning.
2. the horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step
（1）, the base manure is dung polluted water water, and dosage is every mu and spreads fertilizer over the fields 60-90kg.
3. the horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In step
（2）, the wide 120-160cm of furrow, the wide 30-40cm of furrow ditch, furrow depth 25-30cm.
4. the horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In step
（3）, the soybean for kind of skin is smooth, full grains, without wound, without rot, free from extraneous odour.
5. the horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：In step
（5）, water drainage waterproof in time occurs in spring and summer rainy season in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Sick hole limewash after diseased plant excavation removes
Carry out disinfection processing.
6. the horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The lime
The each disease hole dosage of water is 0.3-0.6kg.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710646755.2A CN107371438A (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2017-08-01 | The horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710646755.2A CN107371438A (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2017-08-01 | The horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean |
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ID=60343390
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| CN201710646755.2A Pending CN107371438A (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2017-08-01 | The horizontal bedding straw-returning methods of cultivation of hillside fields soybean |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112021123A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-04 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for rapidly reducing clubroot damage in farmland |
| CN112205110A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-12 | 朱倩心 | Method for planting crops by utilizing self-made ecological organic fertilizer |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105474967A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-13 | 狄正兴 | Cultivation method of mulching space between soybean rows with wheat straw |
| CN105493856A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-20 | 狄正兴 | Non-tillage soybean interplanting method by covering spring corn field with straw |
| CN105580624A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-18 | 狄正兴 | Farming method for covering space between lines of soybeans with rape straw |
| CN105594423A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-25 | 狄正兴 | Slope field horizontal bedding and straw application cultivation method for soybeans |
| CN106922360A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-07 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of sloping upland alternating method |
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2017
- 2017-08-01 CN CN201710646755.2A patent/CN107371438A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105474967A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-13 | 狄正兴 | Cultivation method of mulching space between soybean rows with wheat straw |
| CN105493856A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-20 | 狄正兴 | Non-tillage soybean interplanting method by covering spring corn field with straw |
| CN105580624A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-18 | 狄正兴 | Farming method for covering space between lines of soybeans with rape straw |
| CN105594423A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-25 | 狄正兴 | Slope field horizontal bedding and straw application cultivation method for soybeans |
| CN106922360A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-07 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of sloping upland alternating method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112205110A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-12 | 朱倩心 | Method for planting crops by utilizing self-made ecological organic fertilizer |
| CN112021123A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-04 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for rapidly reducing clubroot damage in farmland |
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