CN107047147A - A kind of prevention and controls of protecting field leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease - Google Patents
A kind of prevention and controls of protecting field leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN107047147A CN107047147A CN201710325419.8A CN201710325419A CN107047147A CN 107047147 A CN107047147 A CN 107047147A CN 201710325419 A CN201710325419 A CN 201710325419A CN 107047147 A CN107047147 A CN 107047147A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prevention and controls of protecting field leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease, comprise the following steps：According to the difference of the root knot nematode disease extent of injury, pending plot is divided into：The plot of root knot nematode disease, root knot nematode disease do not occur and does not arrive more serious plot and the serious plot of root knot nematode disease seriously；For the plot of root knot nematode disease does not occur, to put prevention first, by controlling the infection sources and cut-out route of transmission to prevent the generation of root knot nematode disease；More serious plot is not arrived seriously for root knot nematode disease, fire is simmered by using local soil removal and replacement, sawdust, and in conjunction with small small sections of a vegetable plot or Ridged plant, drip irrigation, crop rotation, interplanting technique reduce insect density to prevent and treat root knot nematode disease；For the serious plot of root knot nematode disease, close plastic shed processing is first carried out, root knot nematode disease is prevented and treated then in conjunction with bio-bacterial manure, small small sections of a vegetable plot or Ridged plant, drip irrigation, a work, different crops for rotation crop rotation technologies etc..The method of the present invention is simple and easy to apply, and cost is low, effectively realizes the non-environmental pollution control to leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to techniques of pest control field, and in particular to a kind of preventing and treating of protecting field leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease
Method.
Background technology
Root knot nematode disease is the important disease of China crop, and aggrieved crop kind up to more than 2000 especially endangers various leaves
Dish class vegetables, cause of disease is Meloidogyne root-knot nematode, mainly there is Meloidogyne incognita, northern nematode, javanese root knot nematode, flower
A variety of nematodes such as raw root-knot nematode.The history of life of root-knot nematode will undergo ovum, three periods of larva and adult, and second instar larvae is root
Unique effective age that nematode infection endangers plant is tied, second instar larvae is invaded by plant root tip, is developed into by casting off a skin twice
Adult, male imago is returned in soil, and female adult pest egg reproduction offspring, most root-knot nematodes only carry out single-female generation.Root knot line
Worm spends adverse circumstances with the ovum in egg capsule and root tissue or 2 instar larvaes.When temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C, ovum is with regard to that can hatch
Second instar larvae, the intrusion new root tip of a root causes primary infection, and root-knot nematode mainly passes by approach such as sick soil, sick seedling and irrigation waters
Broadcast.
The characteristics of continuous continuous cropping of vegetable at protected field is planted, it is suitable to add humiture throughout the year, so protecting field leaf vegetables
Vegetables (such as celery, romaine lettuce, spinach) especially easy infection root knot nematode disease, root is caught an illness, and morbidity is initially at lateral root or fibrous root production
The lopsided warty root knot enlargement thing that raw size, shape differ, i.e. insect gall.The initial aerial part symptom of strain of catching an illness morbidity is not obvious,
Performance plant is short and small when serious, and retarded growth, blade turns yellow, and later stage diseased plant aerial part occurs wilting or withered ahead of time.
Protecting field leaf vegetables Pathogen of Root-knot Disease is based on Meloidogyne incognita, and root-knot nematode history of life length and Relationship between temperature are close
Cut, Meloidogyne incognita completed the parasitic stages history of life when average temperature DEG C is 17.2 DEG C (14 DEG C -25.5 DEG C) by 44 days,
Total accumulated temperature 756.4
It DEG C, when temperature on average reaches 30 DEG C, completes the parasitic stages history of life in 25 days.Based on javanese root knot nematode
Root-knot nematode miscegenation completes the parasitic stages history of life, total 489.6 days DEG C of accumulated temperature in 16 days under the conditions of 30.6 DEG C.
At present, mainly have for the prevention and controls of leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease：(1) pesticide control, is much violated high poison
Agricultural chemicals, can only typically kill the adult of root-knot nematode, and the ovum effect to root-knot nematode is not high, and not only cost is high and heavy damage is given birth to
State environment, makes agricultural product quality there is severe compromise, and prevention effect is poor；And low toxicity, non-harmful biological pesticide price
High, effect is slow, and part peasant household thinks to make the agricultural chemicals that can not be taken effect at once after medicine not just to be agricultural chemicals, is to waste manpower and thing
Power.(2) soil removal and replacement is prevented and treated, and is to remove first crop plant residue and planting soil with worm, and fragmentary generation can be with if large area be sent out
Raw, so preventing and treating recruitment is more, costly.(3) soilless culture is prevented and treated, and one-time investment is big, and operating cost is high, and technical requirements are high,
Preparation, the adjustment of nutrient solution have required professional, and any obstacle, manager-related factors requirement can not occur in liquid manure supply
It is high.(4) simple close plastic shed preventing and treating, using hot and humid closed kill pest and disease damage, this method time is long, reduces by one batch of income, no
Plus easily there is seedling death phenomenon if bio-bacterial manure.(5) crop rotation plantation preventing and treating, is the plant restricted root for planting resistance to root-knot nematode in turn
Tie lines worm growth reproduction, this prevention and controls cycle length has a strong impact on income.(6) microbial control, slowly effect, to insect population
The big problem of density can not be solved.(7) electricity preventing and treating, operation is cumbersome, and cost is high and there is potential safety hazard, compared to other preventing and treatings
Method is worse.
To sum up, at present it is still the great difficult problem of global agricultural planting in terms of the preventing and treating of root-knot nematode, lacks system
Property, the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of comprehensive high-efficiency.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art and disease feature, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of protecting field leaf vegetables root knot line
The prevention and controls of parasitosis.There is provided a series of nuisanceless comprehensive according to the difference of the leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease extent of injury by the present invention
Prevention and control strategy are closed, method is simple and easy to apply, and cost is low, effectively realizes and protecting field leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease is prevented
Control.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of prevention and controls of protecting field leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease, comprise the following steps：
(1) according to the difference of the root knot nematode disease extent of injury, pending plot is divided into：The ground of root knot nematode disease does not occur
Block, root knot nematode disease do not arrive more serious plot and the serious plot of root knot nematode disease seriously；
(2) for the plot of root knot nematode disease does not occur, to put prevention first, by controlling the infection sources and cut-out route of transmission
To prevent the generation of root knot nematode disease；
(3) more serious plot is not arrived seriously for root knot nematode disease, simmer fire by using local soil removal and replacement, local sawdust and smoke
Steam, in conjunction with small small sections of a vegetable plot or Ridged plant, the technology reduction insect density such as drip irrigation, crop rotation, work to carry out root knot nematode disease
Preventing and treating；
(4) for the serious plot of root knot nematode disease, first carry out close plastic shed processing, then in conjunction with bio-bacterial manure, small small sections of a vegetable plot or
The technologies such as Ridged plant, drip irrigation, a work, different crops for rotation crop rotations are prevented and treated root knot nematode disease.
In step (1), the not serious plot of root knot nematode disease refers to that the fragmentary point-like of root knot nematode disease occurs, every mu of plant hair
Sick rate is below 20%, and the lateral root root knot number of every plant of leaf vegetables is below 3；Root knot nematode disease is more serious to refer to root-knot nematode
Disease is in wire, and every mu of plant incidence of disease 20-40%, the lateral root root knot number of every plant of leaf vegetables is individual in 3-8；Root-knot nematode
The serious plot of disease refers to that root knot nematode disease large area occurs in flakes, and every mu of plant incidence of disease is more than 40%, every plant of leaf vegetables
The root knot number of vegetables is more than 8 or the serious enlargement of master root, and overground part is wilted.
It is preferred that, in step (2), the method for controlling the infection sources is：For the seedling of purchase, it should be ensured that seedling does not have root knot
Nematode；For the seedling that oneself is cultivated, the seedbed of nursery should be by close plastic shed processing, and first plants experimentally susceptible plants, after 20 days if
There is no disease pest nursery again.
It is preferred that, in step (2), the cut-out method that uses of route of transmission for：Agricultural machinery and implement carry out disinfection before entering in canopy
Prepare special purpose shoes in processing, canopy, enter canopy and change footwear, and footwear are periodically sterilized.
It is preferred that, in step (3), the processing method of local soil removal and replacement is：Plant roots and sick soil are cuted out in addition to canopy, and burnt
Processing；Sick soil is cuted out in canopy remove after the hole that leaves carry out desinsection processing, be subsequently filled the new soil after sterilization.
It is preferred that, in step (3) and step (4), the method for small small sections of a vegetable plot plantation is：The wide 60cm in small sections of a vegetable plot, the wide 30cm in the furrow ridge, leaf
Cole crop planted on two sides root-knot nematode Trap plants and walk quickly and keep away plant；Because Different Crop is from field planting to the time needed for harvest
Difference, the furrow ridge carries out crop rotation, the interplanting of different vegetable.
It is described to trap root-knot nematode Plant choosing spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.).Spinach easy infection root knot line
Worm, sows discord work with celery low coverage, traps nematode, and a large amount of root knots are formed in spinach root, and female adult field planting is not laid eggs also in root
When, about 30 days or so away from field planting, connect root and dig out spinach, after root is cut off, overground part can be sold, and root is burned, reduction
Insect density.Lower stubble is tried one's best selection and the leaf vegetables of the not equal category of spinach, and crop rotation can reduce continuous cropping disease, such as romaine lettuce, crowndaisy chrysanthemum
Deng.
It is described to walk quickly and keep away Plant choosing shallot.Shallot is Liliaceae, allium, and bulb contains crotonaldehyde and a variety of sulfide
Deng volatile matter, there is avoidance effect to root-knot nematode, root-knot nematode is walked quickly and kept away away from celery root system.
It is preferred that, in step (3) and step (4), drip irrigation uses above-ground line weep irrigation technique, each small sections of a vegetable plot laying
One drip irrigation pipe.
It is preferred that, in step (4), the method for close plastic shed processing is：Plough ridging, it is 30-35cm to plough deep DEG C；Water；It is vexed
Canopy is continuously exposed to the sun 10-30 days, and wherein at least will have continuous fair weather 5 days；Apply by sterilization, fully become thoroughly decomposed after high temperature close plastic shed
Organic fertilizer, supplement and recover soil in organic matter and beneficial microbe colony.
It is preferred that, in above-mentioned prevention and controls, main cultivated plant (leaf vegetables crop), Trap plants and plant is walked quickly and kept away, one
Another vegetables are sowed after stubble harvest, or small sections of a vegetable plot and furrow ridge land used are exchanged, and prevent continuous cropping.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) prevention and controls of protecting field leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease of the invention are by innovating cultivation furrow ridge shape and covering
The pattern of kind, using natural plants as raw material, is walked quickly and kept away, biology is trapped and is combined with plant crop rotation, without agricultural chemicals, meets green with biology
Color vegetables production model.
(2) prevention and controls of protecting field leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease of the invention not only make the leaf vegetables crop of this batch not by
Root-knot nematode is endangered, and continuous many batches of leaf vegetables crops are not also endangered under the conditions of general planting by root-knot nematode later.
(3) suitable application region of the present invention is wide, and simple to operate, use cost is low, and comprehensive benefit significantly, can not only be prevented and treated effectively
Root-knot nematode, can also increase soil fertility, and improve soil texture, improve the yield and quality of the leaf vegetableses such as celery, tool
There are larger economic, society and ecological benefits.
Brief description of the drawings
The Figure of description for constituting the part of the application is used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its illustrate be used for explain the application, do not constitute the improper restriction to the application.
Fig. 1：Small sections of a vegetable plot structural representation；In figure, 1：Main cultivated plant, 2：Trap plants, 3：Walk quickly and keep away plant.
Fig. 2：Ground droping irrigating pipe figure.
Embodiment
It is noted that described further below is all exemplary, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
Indicate, all technologies used herein and scientific terminology are with usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.It is to be further understood that ought be in this manual using term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
Term explanation：
High temperature close plastic shed：High temperature close plastic shed referred in the summer fallow phase, seals greenhouse under strong illumination with plastic sheeting, makes canopy
Inside it is brought rapidly up to more than 65 DEG C Zuo You, and is kept for the regular hour.Due to the main arable layer in 5-30cm of root-knot nematode, institute
Must plough deeply soil 25-30cm, otherwise close plastic shed sterilizing deinsectization effect is poor.
It is still the weight of global agricultural planting in terms of the preventing and treating of root-knot nematode at present as background technology is introduced
Hang-up, lacks systematicness, the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of comprehensive high-efficiency.Based on this, the present invention proposes a kind of leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease
Prevention and controls.
The present invention according to the difference of the leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease extent of injury, give a series of nuisanceless comprehensive preventions and
Control strategy, specifically：
(1) for the plot of root knot nematode disease does not occur：Prevention is focused on, strictly control is passed just as prevention quarantine object
Dye source and route of transmission.The control infection sources strict first, concrete measure will ensure that the seedling of purchase does not have root-knot nematode, regular kind
Miao companies should have examining report；If oneself nursery, seedbed can will first plant experimentally susceptible plants, 15 by close plastic shed processing
If without disease pest nursery again after it；Line eggs are small, are visually difficult to recognize, if there is corresponding testing agency locality more preferably, vegetable grower
Soil sampling chemical examination just can be with.Next is turned off route of transmission, and general is mostly with the anthropochories such as Agricultural Machinery Bureau, invalid body, institute
Sterilize, also to be sterilized after leaving in the way of agricultural machinery and implement enter and scalded before a greenhouse with fiery roasting, boiling water；Spades, hoe etc. are small
Farm implements accomplish that this canopy is special, should not take and be used in other canopies, if it is necessary to if taking away, also will the boiling hot mode of the roasting boiling water of fire disappear
Poison can just enter other canopies, equally be sterilized when farm implements are returned.Vegetable grower also in canopy will prepare several footwear more, just as family is changed
Slippers are the same, enter canopy and just change footwear, shoes also want regular boiling water to scald sterilization, it is impossible to leave this canopy, prevent root-knot nematode from passing through sole
Soil is propagated.
(2) for the not serious or more serious plot of root knot nematode disease：Can not close plastic shed, using local soil removal and replacement, plant
Root and sick soil are cuted out in addition to canopy, are handled with baked wheaten cake, and the hole in canopy wants the measures such as boiling water is boiling hot, sawdust is stifling to kill nematode, then fills out
Fill the new soil of sterilization.Past common people custom invalid body throw away in the hole to after canopy just no matter, easily cause root knot nematode disease
Propagate again, so nematode must thoroughly be killed.In conjunction with small small sections of a vegetable plot or Ridged plant, drip irrigation, crop rotation, the technology such as make,
Integrated use items agricultural measures, such as remove invalid body, according to Habits of Root Knot Nematodes, science prevention.
(3) for the serious plot of root knot nematode disease：Close plastic shed processing is carried out first, then in conjunction with bio-bacterial manure, drip irrigation, small
Small sections of a vegetable plot or Ridged plant, make, the crop rotation of different crops for rotation with reference to, in conjunction with agricultural measures, such as remove invalid body, according to root knot line
Worm life habit, science prevention.
In a kind of embodiment of the application, following specific processing is employed for the serious plot of root-knot nematode：
(1) high-temperature sterilization：
Root-knot nematode and worm's ovum lose activity under the conditions of 60 DEG C of high temperature above.After after preceding crop harvest, tidy up and pull out
Burned outside the invalid body of first crop plant, canopy.Note complete root is dug out to come.Calm fair weather is selected, ground is scratched deep
15cm ditch, into latticed, every mu of canopy room is uniformly sprinkling upon in warmhouse booth in soil surface and ditch with 300kg or so sawdusts, about
3cm is thick, is simmered with fire, in the case where loseing naked light, near surface 30cm soil layer temperature DEG C is raised to more than 60 DEG C, killed so as to reach
Dead adult and the purpose of worm's ovum.
(2) high temperature close plastic shed：
The operating process of high temperature close plastic shed is as follows：
1) plough ridging：By sawdust high-temperature sterilization, ground 30cm soil nematodes is substantially dead.Spread fertilizer over the fields wheat bran or wheat in ground
Then straw, live pig excrement, chicken manure, quick lime etc. plough deeply 35cm or so, ridging, high 30cm of ridge platform or so, upper wide 40cm or so, under
Wide 60cm or so, the wide 30cm of furrow or so.
2) water：Pour once permeable, wet to below ground 25cm, ground area depth of water 4cm or so, soil moisture content reaches
Maxmun field capacity 60% when.
3) overlay film close plastic shed：According to weather condition, be using ten days fine day as the suitable close plastic shed time, close plastic shed should select fine day to enter
OK, greenhouse door is closed tight, plastics mould is tight, with windproof.The white mulch film of ground surface covering, can because the translucency of tunica albuginea is strong
To keep the moisture in soil, moisture heat absorption capacity is strong, make soil nocturnal temperature reduce it is slow.The close plastic shed time is sufficient, even
Continuous exposure 30 days, wherein at least will have continuous fair weather 5 days.Primarily to fully improving the temperature and canopy room soil in canopy
Temperature.So, canopy temperature reaches 70-80 DEG C, and soil reaches 60 DEG C.
4) close plastic shed post-processing：During high temperature close plastic shed processing, 60 DEG C of high temperature kill the same of the disease pests such as root-knot nematode
When, most beneficial microbes are also killed, so must be applied after high temperature close plastic shed by sterilization, the organic fertilizer fully become thoroughly decomposed, are mended
Fill and recover the organic matter and beneficial microbe colony in soil, otherwise rice shoot is easily dead, slow-growing.
(3) nurturing staff：
Selection physical features it is higher, it is non-irrigated can pour, flood can be arranged, seedbed is done in the fertile plot that the soil is porous.Furrow face long 5m, wide 1m is left
The right side, scoops up seedbed soil surface soil, pulverizes and sieves, by 3:1 ratio adds the high-quality barnyard manure fully become thoroughly decomposed, sieved, and mixes, and puts down
It is taped against on seedbed, stays 1/5 composite soil standby.Seedbed surrounding will enclose the high small ridge of 25cm, then hand over sufficient moisture, and water oozes lower rear use
The standby native levelling seedbed left, it is to avoid have the place of hollow on seedbed.Directly scatter seeds or seedlet and 3-5 times of vegetation
Ash is mixed and broadcasted sowing again.The application rate of every mu of cultivation field about 300g or so.Every square metre of seeding in nursery bed amount 4-5g.Sowing is finished,
Cover the thick sieving thin sand and soils of 0.6-1cm.About 10 days or so, two panels cotyledon was broken through the soil, and at this moment to strengthen watering, and kept seedling
Bed moistening.Fine day noon sunshade, can remove sunshade net sooner or later, seedling is had a suitable growth temperature DEG C as far as possible.Work as children
Combine and manually weed out the rank grass when seedling grows to two panels true leaf, remove tufted seedling, thinning again during spacing 1cm, 3-4 piece leaf makes spacing
Keep 2cm or so.Between after seedling want it is shallow pour, duty is poured, keep seedbed see it is dry see wet, prevent ground from having ponding that seedling anoxic can be caused dead
Die.
(4) site preparation, fertilising：
The leaf vegetables such as celery are suitable to rich in organic matter, retain water and nutrients ability viscous soil cultivation by force, it is necessary to which comparison is high supports
Slitting part, therefore 1 week every mu of facility enters to become thoroughly decomposed barnyard manure 6000kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, carbon ammonium 25kg, zinc sulfate before field planting
4kg, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, ploughs one time, tilling depth 20cm.Half meter of wide furrow is made with reference to site preparation, is poured deeply, the wide 30cm in the furrow ridge.
Small sections of a vegetable plot cropping pattern is shown in Fig. 1, the wide 60cm in small sections of a vegetable plot, the wide 30cm in the furrow ridge, and main cultivated plant both sides replace intercropping plant root
Tie lines worm Trap plants and walk quickly and keep away plant, romaine lettuce, spinach etc. is Trap plants, green onion, garlic etc. are to walk quickly and keep away plant.Produced with autumn and winter
Exemplified by celery, celery, shallot field planting are about needed 4 months to harvest, and spinach, romaine lettuce, caraway, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, rape etc. about 1 month are thin fragrant
Green onion about 2 months, so the furrow ridge needs different vegetable crop rotation, interplanting, celery both sides Trap plants are lifted with plant rotation system is walked quickly and kept away
Example is shown in Table 1：
Table 1：Celery both sides Trap plants are illustrated with plant rotation system is walked quickly and kept away
| Insect prevention measure | September | October | November | December | |
| The 1 furrow ridge | Trap plants | Spinach | Romaine lettuce | Caraway | Romaine lettuce |
| 2 small sections of a vegetable plot | Celery | Celery | Celery | Celery | |
| The 3 furrow ridge | Walk quickly and keep away plant | Shallot | Shallot | Shallot | Shallot |
| 4 small sections of a vegetable plot | Celery | Celery | Celery | Celery | |
| The 5 furrow ridge | Trap plants | Spinach | Rape | Crowndaisy chrysanthemum | Romaine lettuce |
| 6 small sections of a vegetable plot | Celery | Celery | Celery | Celery | |
| The 7 furrow ridge | Walk quickly and keep away plant | Chive | Chive | Garlic bolt | Garlic bolt |
As described above, after one batch of vegetables by taking celery as an example harvest, carrying out lower stubble plantation, being adjusted according to market conditions
Species.In order to prevent the harm of continuous cropping continuous cropping disease and root-knot nematode, crop rotation as far as possible.The small sections of a vegetable plot sowing of such as first crop sowing celery
Spinach, romaine lettuce etc., lower stubble sowing spinach, shallot of first crop sowing romaine lettuce etc..
(5) drip irrigation：
Root-knot nematode is propagated mainly by current and human factor, and broad irrigation is the main original for causing root-knot nematode to spread
Cause, so the canopy uses drip irrigation technique.Underground drip irrigation band laying cost is high, and the pipeline and water dropper of drip irrigation are easily blocked, to water quality
It is required that it is higher, so using above-ground line weep irrigation technique, more bigger than classical drip irrigation water-carrying capacity, scope of so watering will
Greatly, some pipelines can be laid less and reduce cost, be also not easy to block.Lay a drip irrigation pipe in each small sections of a vegetable plot.Drip irrigation is except subtracting
The diffusion of the soil-borne diseases such as few root-knot nematode, also has some advantages, and such as water-saving fertilizer-saving reduces cost, and water and fertilizer synchronization improves fertilizer
The utilization rate of material, liquid manure seepage is few, pollution abatement.Drip irrigation reduces field humidity, is unfavorable for the generation of plant disease, in canopy room
Middle performance is protruded the most.Drip irrigation can also be increased production, and improve quality.
(6) preparation before being colonized：
Before early September first frost is arrived, it can be colonized when seedling grows to 5-6 piece leaves.First 2 days of field planting, canopy film is fastened as
Ceiling shape, moisture is poured to seedbed.Root system is not destroyed during lifting as much as possible, lifting depth reaches 10cm.After seedling is played according to children
Seedling size is classified.Seedlings are first planted during field planting, seedling is planted afterwards, it is to avoid it is bad that big seedling companion planting formation seedlings take advantage of seedling, growing way
Phenomenon.
(7) it is colonized：
Main cultivated plant is different, and density is also different, and trench digging number is different with ditch spacing, bury native depth with seedling burying originally
Depth is identical, to expose lobus cardiacus, it is impossible to too deep or excessively shallow.Often plant 1 furrow to water immediately, it is to avoid seedling is because of the excessive slow seedling of dehydration
Slowly.
(8) field management：
Sowing traps root-knot nematode plant and walks quickly and keeps away plant：The Trap plants such as spinach, romaine lettuce can with behind whole good small sections of a vegetable plot in advance
Sow, green onion garlic etc., which walks quickly and keeps away plant, to be colonized simultaneously with the main cultivated plant such as celery.30 after the field planting of the Trap plants such as spinach or romaine lettuce
My god, now, female adult definite value will trap root-knot nematode plant and connect root and dig out, cut away root, root is burnt when root is not laid eggs also
Burn, reduce insect density, overground part cauline leaf can be sold.Then lower stubble Trap plants are sowed, the crop rotation of different Trap plants can
With reference table 1, plant is walked quickly and kept away with the whole growth course of main cultivated plant, until reaching harvest condition.Main cultivated plant harvest
When, loosen the soil, extract with root in advance, if finding there is root-knot nematode, disinfected by local soil removal and replacement.
(9) anti-continuous cropping processing：
In order to prevent continuous cropping, either main cultivated plant or Trap plants, plant is walked quickly and kept away, broadcast harvested at one batch as far as possible after
Another vegetables are planted, or small sections of a vegetable plot and dish stalk land used are exchanged, and prevent continuous cropping.
In order that the technical scheme of the application can clearly be understood by obtaining those skilled in the art, below with reference to tool
The embodiment of body describes the technical scheme of the application in detail.
Test material used is the conventional test material in this area in the embodiment of the present invention, can pass through commercial channel
It is commercially available.
Embodiment 1：
Tested in the simple plastic greenhouse greenhouse of Shouguang City Hanting District one, in 10 years greenhouse ages, vegetable grower is always routine
Method plants celery, and root-knot nematode is serious in canopy, and it is just very serious that we investigate discovery celery seedling stage root-knot nematode, in canopy dead it is existing
As very serious, also there is root-knot nematode on the weeds such as some purslanes, three-coloured amaranth, investigation is found, every plant of celery root-knot nematode about 10
Individual, about 5500 jin of per mu yield, vegetable grower never carried out close plastic shed processing, in consideration of it, we are entered using the method for the present invention first
Close plastic shed processing is gone.Then 6 parts of canopy inner area division, 0.5 mu every part, and experimental plot 1, experimental plot 2, experiment are denoted as successively
Field 3, experimental plot 4, experimental plot 5 and experimental plot 6, continuous 3 batches of plantation.
First, first batch：Mountain celery, for sense root-knot nematode type kind.
August is colonized first batch on 20th within 2014, carries out autumn and winter stubble production.Wherein, the north 6 is to early July seeding and seedling raising, 8
To early September field planting, 10 to November harvests.The processing method in each experimental plot is as follows：
Control：Experimental plot 1：General planting method (control) presses the habitual implantation methods plantation of local vegetable grower, does not do other
Deinsectization is handled.
Processing 1：Experimental plot 2：After close plastic shed+bio-bacterial manure.
Processing 2：Experimental plot 3：After close plastic shed+Trap plants, crop rotation.
Processing 3：Experimental plot 4：After close plastic shed+walk quickly and keep away plant, crop rotation.
Processing 4：Experimental plot 5：After close plastic shed+drip irrigation technique.
Processing 5：Experimental plot 6：After close plastic shed+bio-bacterial manure+Trap plants+walks quickly and keeps away plant+drip irrigation technique.
Each processing takes 30 plants of plant to connect root and digs out, root knot number is counted respectively after cleaning root with clear water at random before harvest,
Average, as a result as shown in table 2：
Table 2：First batch of celery root knot number of different disposal and per mu yield
| Control | Processing 1 | Processing 2 | Processing 3 | Processing 4 | Processing 5 | |
| Average every plant of root knot number | 8 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| Per mu yield (jin) | 5300 | 8300 | 7400 | 7300 | 7500 | 11000 |
Note, all vegetables will cut out complete root and remove, retain the integrality of root, the part for having root knot will burn.
2nd, second batch：
It is colonized second batch, spring production on January 1st, 2015.Wherein,
Cultivated according to a conventional method in experimental plot 1；
Cultivated by the method for processing 1 in experimental plot 2；
Cultivated by the method for processing 2 in experimental plot 3；
Cultivated by the method for processing 3 in experimental plot 4；
Cultivated by the method for processing 4 in experimental plot 5；
Cultivated by the method for processing 5 in experimental plot 6.
Note, in order to prevent the harm of continuous cropping continuous cropping disease and root-knot nematode, all vegetable crop rotations are changed crops.Can be according to city
Field market adjustment species.Small sections of a vegetable plot sowing spinach, romaine lettuce of i.e. upper crops for rotation sowing celery etc., the lower stubble sowing spinach of first crop sowing romaine lettuce
Dish, shallot etc..
Each processing takes 30 plants of plant to connect root and digs out, root knot number is counted respectively after cleaning root with clear water at random before harvest,
Average, as a result as shown in table 3.
Table 3：Second batch of celery root knot number of different disposal and per mu yield
| Control | Processing 1 | Processing 2 | Processing 3 | Processing 4 | Processing 5 | |
| Average every plant of root knot number | 10 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 |
| Per mu yield (jin) | 5000 | 8450 | 7540 | 7420 | 7710 | 11800 |
Note, all vegetables, which have root to cut out, to be removed, retain the integrality of root, the root for having root knot will burn.
3rd, the 3rd batch：
On May 1st, 2015 is colonized the 3rd batch, carries out getting over summer stubble celery production.
With second batch of cropping pattern
Test method and data：
Each processing takes 30 plants of plant to connect root and digs out, root knot number is counted respectively after cleaning root with clear water at random before harvest,
Average, as a result as shown in table 4.
Table 4：Different disposal the 3rd batch of celery root knot number and per mu yield
| Control | Processing 1 | Processing 2 | Processing 3 | Processing 4 | Processing 5 | |
| Average every plant of root knot number | 14 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Per mu yield (jin) | 4750 | 8600 | 7690 | 7580 | 7900 | 13500 |
Note, all vegetables, which have root to cut out, to be removed, retain the integrality of root, the root for having root knot will burn.
It can be seen from table 2- tables 4 compared with the prevention and controls (processing 2- processing 4) of other root knot nematode diseases, use
The prevention and controls (processing 5) of the leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease of the present invention not only make the leaf vegetables crop of this batch not endangered by root-knot nematode
Evil, and continuous many batches of leaf vegetables crops are not also being endangered by root-knot nematode later.
And the root knot nematode disease prevention and controls suitable application region of the present invention is wide, simple to operate, use cost is low, comprehensive benefit
Significantly, root-knot nematode can not only be effectively prevented and treated, can also be increase soil fertility, improves soil texture, the leaf vegetables such as celery are improved
The yield and quality of class vegetables.
The preferred embodiment of the application is the foregoing is only, the application is not limited to, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of prevention and controls of protecting field leaf vegetables root knot nematode disease, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) according to the difference of the root knot nematode disease extent of injury, pending plot is divided into：Do not occur root knot nematode disease plot,
Root knot nematode disease does not arrive more serious plot and the serious plot of root knot nematode disease seriously；
(2) for the plot of root knot nematode disease does not occur, to put prevention first, by controlling the infection sources and cut-out route of transmission come pre-
The generation of anti-root knot nematode disease；
(3) more serious plot is not arrived seriously for root knot nematode disease, simmer fire by using local soil removal and replacement, sawdust and fumigate, then tie
Close small small sections of a vegetable plot or Ridged plant, drip irrigation, crop rotation, the technology such as make and reduce the insect density of root-knot nematode to enter root knot nematode disease
Row preventing and treating；
(4) for the serious plot of root knot nematode disease, close plastic shed processing is first carried out, then in conjunction with bio-bacterial manure, small small sections of a vegetable plot or ridging
The technologies such as plantation, drip irrigation, a work, different crops for rotation crop rotations are prevented and treated root knot nematode disease.
2. prevention and controls as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), the method for controlling the infection sources is：For
The seedling of purchase, it should be ensured that seedling does not have root-knot nematode；For the seedling that oneself is cultivated, the seedbed of nursery should be by close plastic shed
Reason, and susceptible plants are first planted experimentally, if without disease pest nursery again after 20 days.
3. prevention and controls as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), the method that cut-out route of transmission is used
For：Agricultural machinery and implement, which enter, prepares special purpose shoes in the processing that carried out disinfection before in canopy, canopy, enter canopy and change footwear, and footwear are periodically sterilized.
4. prevention and controls as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), the processing method of local soil removal and replacement is：Will
Plant roots and sick soil are cuted out in addition to canopy, and burn processing；Sick soil is cuted out in canopy remove after the hole that leaves carry out desinsection processing, be subsequently filled
New soil after sterilization.
5. prevention and controls as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3) and step (4), the side of small small sections of a vegetable plot plantation
Method is：The wide 60cm in small sections of a vegetable plot, the wide 30cm in the furrow ridge, leaf vegetables crop planted on two sides root-knot nematode Trap plants and walk quickly and keep away plant；The furrow ridge
Carry out crop rotation, the interplanting of different vegetable.
6. prevention and controls as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described to trap root-knot nematode Plant choosing spinach etc..
7. prevention and controls as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described to walk quickly and keep away Plant choosing shallot etc..
8. prevention and controls as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3) and step (4), drip irrigation is using pipe on the ground
Lay a drip irrigation pipe in road weep irrigation technique, each small sections of a vegetable plot.
9. prevention and controls as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4), the method for close plastic shed processing is：Plough
Ridge, depth of ploughing is 30-35cm；Water；Close plastic shed is continuously exposed to the sun 10-30 days, and wherein at least will have continuous fair weather 5 days.
Applied 10. prevention and controls as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that in step (4), after high temperature close plastic shed by sterilization,
Organic matter and beneficial microbe colony in the organic fertilizer fully become thoroughly decomposed, supplement and recovery soil.
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| CN111512915A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 西南林业大学 | Seedling growing method for preventing and treating pseudo-ginseng root knot nematode disease |
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| CN113748938A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-12-07 | 海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Melon soil isolation cultivation method for preventing root-knot nematode |
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