CN107360823A

CN107360823A - A kind of cultivating watermelon method

Info

Publication number: CN107360823A
Application number: CN201710612080.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 金健
Original assignee: Hefei Feng Feng Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hefei Feng Feng Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-07-25
Filing date: 2017-07-25
Publication date: 2017-11-21

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of cultivating watermelon method, is related to proportion of crop planting field, cultivating watermelon method comprises the following steps：(1) selection of land；(2) variety selection；(3) nurturing staff；(4) site preparation；(5) it is colonized；(6) field management；(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；(8) harvest.The watermelon of cultivating watermelon method of the present invention cultivation has that disease resistance is strong, yield is high and the advantages of quality better.

Description

A kind of cultivating watermelon method

Technical field

The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting field, and in particular to a kind of cultivating watermelon method.

Background technology

There is the problems such as pest and disease damage is more, quality is bad in the watermelon of existing growth of watermelon method plantation, cause the yield of watermelon difficult In obtaining new breakthrough, further, since chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals input are larger, not only economic benefit is low, but also makes soil deterioration, makes Ecological environment is destroyed.

Therefore, the watermelon of existing cultivating watermelon method cultivation is there is the incidence of disease is high, poor quality and the problem of yield poorly, into The problem of in the urgent need to address in cultivation for current watermelon.

The content of the invention

In order to solve the watermelon of existing cultivating watermelon method cultivation, there is the incidence of disease is high, poor quality and what is yielded poorly ask Topic, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cultivating watermelon method, the watermelon cultivated by the cultivating watermelon method has disease resistance By force, quality better and the advantages of high yield.

The invention provides following technical scheme：

A kind of cultivating watermelon method, comprises the following steps：

(1) selection of land：Select high-land, the cultivation field that irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer is deep and organic matter is abundant；

(2) variety selection：Selection should select the kind that good quality and high output, disease resistance are strong and commodity is good；

(3) nurturing staff：A, the preparation of Nutrition Soil, 1-2 months before broadcasting, by the field of non-planting vegetable crop in nearly 3-5 Soil 60%, the organic fertilizer 30% through harmless treatment, cake fertilizer 10% are hybridly prepared into Nutrition Soil, are added in every lm3 Nutrition Soils 2-3kg calcium superphosphate, 6-8g Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 1-2g AVMs, 2-3g phoxims, 1-2g ammonium molybdates, 0.01-0.02g chlorinations Zinc, 1-2g RADIX STEMONAEs powder, 4-5g sulfuric acid zinc powder, 2-4g onions ground-slag, 4-5g garlic residue powders, 1-2g Canton love-pea vines powder are simultaneously fully mixed thoroughly Sieving；B, seedbed preparation is sowed, wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm high ridge, thin rake leveling, sowing are made with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil Before pour vola water；C, sow, sowing time every 667 ㎡ cultivation field sowing quantities 35-40g in late January-early Febuary, sowing；Broadcast Seed is first dried into 1-2d under dim light before kind, then kind is scalded with 55-60 DEG C of hot water and is stirred continuously 10-15min, then will kind The sub 5-6min that soaked seed in 29-30 DEG C of warm water, cleans the surface of the seed bur, temperature is put into binding up with gauze for good permeability The vernalization 24h in 29-31 DEG C of environment, sowed after 80% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；First place mat 1-2cm is thick below seedbed before sowing Fine earth, then fill out Nutrition Soil, first spray saturating Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, then the 1cm thickness medicine in seed upper cover with water Soil, its Chinese medicine soil preparation by every square meter seedbed 8g50% carbendazim, 3g3% worm kill star, 2g sulfuric acid manganese powder and 10kg fine earths Mix, then cover screening straw, daily to spraying water 1-2 times on straw；D, seedling management, during 80% seed sprouting, bed surface is thrown off Covering, pays attention to appropriate insulation, to pour water during nursery, suitably be watered with backsight nursery season and soil moisture content, in rice shoot to 2 leaves During 1 heart, day field planting is selected；

(4) site preparation：Every mu of application of organic fertilizers 2000-3000kg of cultivation field, calcium superphosphate 50kg, cake fertilizer 10kg, soil are adjusted Reason agent 8-10kg, implements rotary tillage after sprinkling evenly, then harrows thin leveling, bedding of ditching, and makes wide 1.8-2.0m, high 10-15cm cultivation Furrow, and reserve operation ditch and appropriate greenhouse side sky between wide 40-50cm furrow, 8-10d scaffoldings buckle film close plastic shed before field planting；

(5) it is colonized：As seedling age 30-35d, be colonized when having 5-7 piece true leaves, choosing cloudy day or fine day at dusk by seeding row spacing 43 × 80cm opens cave field planting, and irrigates root water in time, after 3-5d work, then the flat cave of harmony root of earthing up, it is soft in the ranks to lay slight irrigation in furrow face Pipe, covering film simultaneously put seedling；

(6) field management：According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, by the opening and closing of greenhouse, carry out thermophilic management and Illumination adjusting, and plant field planting live, first fruiting period, swollen fruit mid-term key point, implement top dressing with reference to micro drip-irrigation, implement three climing Training, the climing ㎝ of length 30 implement to hang climing, stay melon on the section of main stem 12, implement artificial supplementary pollination, and leave mark, when young melon egg is big Implement net to hang；Training reason it is climing, watermelon stretch it is climing after should be pruned in time, three climing pruning methods are taken, as the long 60cm of main stem, in 3- 2 healthy and strong lateral bines are selected and remain at 5 sections, extract remaining lateral bine；Melon removes disease leaf, old leaf, sick branch, weak branch after occupying stably；Will during draws climing It is climing to guide the relatively low one side of furrow into, it must not arbitrarily stir during draws climing, not turn round climing；Branch is converted into inverted U insertion soil when keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, selection Carried out in the afternoon of fine day；Rich water quality management, tillage and weeding, ridging are carried out in the climing long 45-50cm of watermelon, 7d applies slow seedling after transplanting Fertilizer, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, add water to pour with urea 6kg/ mus and apply；Bloom and potassium sulfate 20kg/ mus are chased after after bearing fruit, phosphoric acid is chased after into expanding stage Two ammonium 40-50kg/ mus, later stage foliage application, a 0.3-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed every 5d, even spray 2-3 times, every time Ammonium sulfate 15kg/ mus are applied after harvesting, the rapid hourly water demand of watermelon growing is relatively more, and expanding stage is the most urgent to the demand of moisture, But greenhouse watermelon is poured water should not be excessive, should rationally be poured according to the fresh and tender degree of leaf color, and 7-10d should stop watering before watermelon harvesting；

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Using high temperature close plastic shed, black film weeding, colour table and light trap physical measure；Using gyplure Trapping and biological pesticide biological control measure, with reference to necessary chemical prevention, carry out integrating innoxious insect pest preventing and controlling, the high poison of disabling is high Remains of pesticide；

(8) harvest：In early and middle ten dayses in May, 28-32d carries out the harvesting of first melon after female flower opening；Later every 30d Harvest a collection of, rural area, harmless treatment straw and discarded mulch film should be cleaned after harvesting in time.

Preferably, the organic fertilizer in step (4) site preparation is the mixture of poultry manure, decayed fruit reality and vinasse, for west The growth of melon provides sufficient nutrient.

Preferably, the decayed fruit actually rotten apple, rotten pear or rotten orange, collects simple, conveniently, and nutrient enriches.

Preferably, the poultry manure is chicken manure, duck excrement or pig manure, is collected simply, conveniently, the content of organic matter is enriched.

Preferably, the soil conditioner described in step (4) site preparation by following parts by weight component raw material prepare and Into：Vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, dregs of beans 20-24, vinasse 3-5, white lime 2-4, potassium humate 6-10, Boric acid 5-7, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.05, manganese sulfate 0.02-0.04, sulfuric acid Magnesium 0.4-0.6, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.03, bone meal 7-11, peppermint oil 1-3, attapulgite 1-3, turf 3-7, glycerine 1-3, sucrose Ester 0.1-0.3 and water 10-20, vermiculite power, clay, citric acid are added water and mixed, stirs into mud, is sent into 200-300 DEG C of stove 3-4 hours are calcined, then, cooling crush is into 2-4mm coarse grain, then mixes and stir with the rest materials in addition to peppermint oil in formula After mixing 40-50min, it is granulated, sprays peppermint oil, drying, help to adjust the physicochemical property of soil.

Preferably, 2-4mm coarse grain is ground into be ground into Portable high speed pulverizer in step (4) site preparation 2-4mm coarse grain, Portable high speed pulverizer have simple in construction, small volume, light weight, effect high, simple to operate and power saving Advantage.

Preferably, seed is soaked seed 6min in 30 DEG C of warm water again in step (3) nurturing staff, soaked at this temperature Kind effect is good, cleans the surface of the seed bur, vernalization 24h in 30 DEG C of isoperibols is put into binding up with gauze for good permeability, should At a temperature of Germination effect it is good.

Preferably, 30 DEG C of isoperibols are growth cabinet of the temperature setting at 30 DEG C, and growth cabinet has control The advantages of temperature is accurate.

Preferably, it is described to be granulated to be granulated using flat-die Squeezinggranulator, the granular substance of flat-die extruder grain machining Material is with any surface finish, hardness is moderate, balling ratio is high, without returning charge, the spy that granule strength is high, the uniform balling-up moisture of rounding is low Point.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：

1st, the watermelon of cultivating watermelon method of the present invention cultivation has that disease resistance is strong, yield is high and the advantages of quality better.

2nd, the organic fertilizer in heretofore described step (4) site preparation is the mixture of poultry manure, decayed fruit reality and vinasse, is The growth of watermelon provides sufficient nutrient.

3rd, heretofore described decayed fruit actually rotten apple, rotten pear or rotten orange, collects simple, conveniently, and nutrient is rich It is rich.

4th, heretofore described poultry manure is chicken manure, duck excrement or pig manure, is collected simply, conveniently, the content of organic matter is enriched.

5th, soil conditioner described in heretofore described (4) site preparation prepared by the component raw material of following parts by weight and Into：Vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, dregs of beans 20-24, vinasse 3-5, white lime 2-4, potassium humate 6-10, Boric acid 5-7, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.05, manganese sulfate 0.02-0.04, sulfuric acid Magnesium 0.4-0.6, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.03, bone meal 7-11, peppermint oil 1-3, attapulgite 1-3, turf 3-7, glycerine 1-3, sucrose Ester 0.1-0.3 and water 10-20, vermiculite power, clay, citric acid are added water and mixed, stirs into mud, is sent into 200-300 DEG C of stove 3-4 hours are calcined, then, cooling crush is into 2-4mm coarse grain, then mixes and stir with the rest materials in addition to peppermint oil in formula After mixing 40-50min, it is granulated, sprays peppermint oil, drying, help to adjust the physicochemical property of soil.

6th, the 2-4mm coarse grain that is ground into heretofore described step (4) site preparation is the powder in Portable high speed pulverizer It is broken into 2-4mm coarse grain, Portable high speed pulverizer has simple in construction, small volume, light weight, effect high, simple to operate and save The advantages of electric.

7th, seed is soaked seed 6min in 30 DEG C of warm water again in heretofore described step (3) nurturing staff, the temperature Lower effect of soaking seed is good, cleans the surface of the seed bur, vernalization in 30 DEG C of isoperibols is put into binding up with gauze for good permeability 24h, Germination effect is good at this temperature.

8th, heretofore described 30 DEG C of isoperibols are growth cabinet of the temperature setting at 30 DEG C, and growth cabinet has The advantages of temperature control is accurate.

9th, it is heretofore described to be granulated to be granulated using flat-die Squeezinggranulator, the graininess of flat-die extruder grain machining Material has that any surface finish, hardness are moderate, balling ratio is high, without returning charge, the spy that granule strength is high, the uniform balling-up moisture of rounding is low Point.

Embodiment

A kind of cultivating watermelon method, comprises the following steps：

Organic fertilizer in step (4) site preparation is the mixture of poultry manure, decayed fruit reality and vinasse, is provided for the growth of watermelon Sufficient nutrient.

Decayed fruit actually rotten apple, rotten pear or rotten orange, collect simple, conveniently, and nutrient enriches.

Poultry manure is chicken manure, duck excrement or pig manure, is collected simply, conveniently, the content of organic matter is enriched.

Soil conditioner described in step (4) site preparation is prepared by the component raw material of following parts by weight：Vermiculite power 20- 30th, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, dregs of beans 20-24, vinasse 3-5, white lime 2-4, potassium humate 6-10, boric acid 5-7, phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogen 2-3, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.05, manganese sulfate 0.02-0.04, magnesium sulfate 0.4-0.6, molybdenum Sour ammonium 0.01-0.03, bone meal 7-11, peppermint oil 1-3, attapulgite 1-3, turf 3-7, glycerine 1-3, sucrose ester 0.1-0.3 and Water 10-20, vermiculite power, clay, citric acid are added water and mixed, stirs into mud, is sent into 200-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, Then, cooling crush mixes 40-50min into 2-4mm coarse grain, then with the rest materials in addition to peppermint oil in formula Afterwards, it is granulated, sprays peppermint oil, drying, help to adjust the physicochemical property of soil.

2-4mm coarse grain is ground into be ground into 2-4mm coarse grain in Portable high speed pulverizer in step (4) site preparation, Portable high speed pulverizer has the advantages of high simple in construction, small volume, light weight, effect, simple to operate and power saving.

Seed is soaked seed 6min in 30 DEG C of warm water again in step (3) nurturing staff, effect of soaking seed is good at this temperature, washes Net the surface of the seed bur, vernalization 24h in 30 DEG C of isoperibols is put into binding up with gauze for good permeability, and vernalization at this temperature is imitated Fruit is good.

30 DEG C of isoperibols are growth cabinet of the temperature setting at 30 DEG C, and growth cabinet has temperature control accurately excellent Point.

It is granulated to be granulated using flat-die Squeezinggranulator, the granular material of flat-die extruder grain machining has surface light It is clean, hardness is moderate, balling ratio is high, without returning charge, granule strength is high, the uniform balling-up moisture of rounding is low the characteristics of.

The characteristics of uniform balling-up moisture of rounding is low.

By watermelon cultural method in embodiment compared with traditional cultivating watermelon method, there is advantages below：

As seen from the above table, compared with traditional cultivating watermelon method, the watermelon that the present invention cultivates has quality better, yield high The advantages of low with pest and disease damage incidence.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, although with reference to foregoing reality Apply example the present invention is described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be to foregoing each implementation Technical scheme described in example is modified, or equivalent substitution, all essences in the present invention are carried out to which part technical characteristic God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.

Claims

A kind of 1. cultivating watermelon method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(1) selection of land：Select high-land, the cultivation field that irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer is deep and organic matter is abundant；

(2) variety selection：Selection should select the kind that good quality and high output, disease resistance are strong and commodity is good；

(3) nurturing staff：A, the preparation of Nutrition Soil, 1-2 months before broadcasting, by the field soil of non-planting vegetable crop in nearly 3-5 60%th, the organic fertilizer 30% through harmless treatment, cake fertilizer 10% are hybridly prepared into Nutrition Soil, and 2- is added in every lm3 Nutrition Soils 3kg calcium superphosphate, 6-8g Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 1-2g AVMs, 2-3g phoxims, 1-2g ammonium molybdates, 0.01-0.02g zinc chloride, 1-2g RADIX STEMONAEs powder, 4-5g sulfuric acid zinc powder, 2-4g onions ground-slag, 4-5g garlic residue powders, 1-2g Canton love-pea vines powder were simultaneously fully mixed thoroughly Sieve；B, seedbed preparation is sowed, wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm high ridge, thin rake leveling, before sowing are made with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil Pour vola water；C, sow, sowing time every 667 ㎡ cultivation field sowing quantities 35-40g in late January-early Febuary, sowing；Sowing It is preceding that seed is first dried into 1-2d under dim light, then scalded kind with 55-60 DEG C of hot water and be stirred continuously 10-15min, then by seed Soak seed 5-6min in 29-30 DEG C of warm water, cleans the surface of the seed bur, is put into temperature with binding up with gauze for good permeability and is existed Vernalization 24h in 29-31 DEG C of environment, sowed after 80% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；First place mat 1-2cm is thick below seedbed before sowing Fine earth, then Nutrition Soil is filled out, saturating Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, then the 1cm thickness medicine soil in seed upper cover first are sprayed with water, The preparation of its Chinese medicine soil by every square meter seedbed 8g50% carbendazim, 3g3% worm kills star, 2g sulfuric acid manganese powder and 10kg fine earths mix Form, then cover screening straw, daily to spraying water 1-2 times on straw；D, seedling management, during 80% seed sprouting, bed surface covering is thrown off Thing, pays attention to appropriate insulation, to pour water during nursery, suitably be watered with backsight nursery season and soil moisture content, in rice shoot to the heart of 2 leaf 1 When, select day field planting；

(4) site preparation：Every mu of application of organic fertilizers 2000-3000kg of cultivation field, calcium superphosphate 50kg, cake fertilizer 10kg, soil conditioner 8-10kg, implement rotary tillage after sprinkling evenly, then harrow thin leveling, bedding of ditching, make wide 1.8-2.0m, high 10-15cm cultivating bed, and Reserve and ditch is operated between wide 40-50cm furrow and appropriate greenhouse side is empty, 8-10d puts up a shed buckle film close plastic shed before field planting；

(5) it is colonized：As seedling age 30-35d, it is colonized when there are 5-7 piece true leaves, choosing cloudy day or fine day are opened by 43 × 80cm of seeding row spacing at dusk Cave is colonized, and irrigates root water in time, after 3-5d lives, then the flat cave of harmony root of earthing up, is in the ranks laid micro-irrigation flexible pipe in furrow face, is covered ground Film simultaneously puts seedling；

(6) field management：According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, by the opening and closing of greenhouse, thermophilic management and illumination are carried out Regulation, and plant field planting live, first fruiting period, swollen fruit mid-term key point, implement top dressing with reference to micro drip-irrigation, implement three climing whole Branch, the climing ㎝ of length 30 implement to hang climing, stay melon on the section of main stem 12, implement artificial supplementary pollination, and leave mark, reality when young melon egg is big Net is applied to hang；Training reason it is climing, watermelon stretch it is climing after should be pruned in time, three climing pruning methods are taken, as the long 60cm of main stem, in 3-5 2 healthy and strong lateral bines are selected and remain at section, extract remaining lateral bine；Melon removes disease leaf, old leaf, sick branch, weak branch after occupying stably；Will be climing during draws climing Guide the relatively low one side of furrow into, must not arbitrarily stir during draws climing, not turn round climing；Branch is converted into inverted U insertion soil when keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, selected Carried out in the afternoon of fine day；Rich water quality management, tillage and weeding, ridging are carried out in the climing long 45-50cm of watermelon, 7d applies slow seedling after transplanting Fertilizer, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, add water to pour with urea 6kg/ mus and apply；Bloom and potassium sulfate 20kg/ mus are chased after after bearing fruit, phosphoric acid is chased after into expanding stage Two ammonium 40-50kg/ mus, later stage foliage application, a 0.3-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed every 5d, even spray 2-3 times, every time Ammonium sulfate 15kg/ mus are applied after harvesting, the rapid hourly water demand of watermelon growing is relatively more, and expanding stage is the most urgent to the demand of moisture, But greenhouse watermelon is poured water should not be excessive, should rationally be poured according to the fresh and tender degree of leaf color, and 7-10d should stop watering before watermelon harvesting；

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Using high temperature close plastic shed, black film weeding, colour table and light trap physical measure；Trapped and killed using gyplure With biological pesticide biological control measure, with reference to necessary chemical prevention, carry out integrating innoxious insect pest preventing and controlling, the high poison high residue of disabling Agricultural chemicals；

(8) harvest：In early and middle ten dayses in May, 28-32d carries out the harvesting of first melon after female flower opening；Harvested later every 30d It is a collection of, rural area, harmless treatment straw and discarded mulch film should be cleaned after harvesting in time.
2. cultivating watermelon method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Organic fertilizer in step (4) site preparation is The mixture of poultry manure, decayed fruit reality and vinasse.
3. cultivating watermelon method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The decayed fruit actually rotten apple, rotten pear or Rotten orange.
4. cultivating watermelon method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The poultry manure is chicken manure, duck excrement or pig Excrement.
5. cultivating watermelon method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Soil conditioning described in (4) site preparation Agent is prepared by the component raw material of following parts by weight：Vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, dregs of beans 20-24, Vinasse 3-5, white lime 2-4, potassium humate 6-10, boric acid 5-7, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, sodium selenite It is 0.01-0.05, manganese sulfate 0.02-0.04, magnesium sulfate 0.4-0.6, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.03, bone meal 7-11, peppermint oil 1-3, recessed Convex rod soil 1-3, turf 3-7, glycerine 1-3, sucrose ester 0.1-0.3 and water 10-20, vermiculite power, clay, citric acid are added water and mixed Close, stir into mud, be sent into 200-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush into 2-4mm coarse grain, then with formula Rest materials in addition to peppermint oil mix 40-50min after, be granulated, spray peppermint oil, drying.
6. cultivating watermelon method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：2- is ground into step (4) site preparation 4mm coarse grain is that 2-4mm coarse grain is ground into Portable high speed pulverizer.
7. cultivating watermelon method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Again will kind in step (3) nurturing staff The sub 6min that soaked seed in 30 DEG C of warm water, cleans the surface of the seed bur, 30 DEG C of constant temperature is put into binding up with gauze for good permeability Vernalization 24h in environment.
8. cultivating watermelon method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：30 DEG C of isoperibols are that temperature setting exists 30 DEG C of growth cabinet.
9. cultivating watermelon method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：It is described to be granulated to use flat-die Squeezinggranulator It is granulated.