CN107360824A - A kind of high yield, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of high yield, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107360824A CN107360824A CN201710612768.8A CN201710612768A CN107360824A CN 107360824 A CN107360824 A CN 107360824A CN 201710612768 A CN201710612768 A CN 201710612768A CN 107360824 A CN107360824 A CN 107360824A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/46—Stemonaceae [Stemona family], e.g. croomia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high yield, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, is related to technical field of vegetable cultivation, high yield, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method comprise the following steps：(1) soil selects；(2) variety selection；(3) presoaking and germinating；(4) nurturing staff；(5) site preparation；(6) it is colonized；(7) field management；(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；(9) harvest.High yield of the present invention, the cucumber of disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method cultivation have that disease resistance is strong, yield is high and the advantages of quality betters.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular to a kind of high yield, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method.
Background technology
The plantation history of cucumber is more long, but the cucumber yield for planting out with traditional cucumber planting technique is averagely every
The problems such as pest and disease damage is more, quality is bad be present, cause Huang in mu 7500kg or so, the cucumber planted with existing implantation methods in addition
Melon yield is difficult to obtain new breakthrough, further, since chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals input are larger, not only economic benefit is low, but also makes soil
Deteriorate, destroyed ecological environment.
Chemical fertilizer during existing cucumber cultivation, a large amount of of agricultural chemicals use so that soil environment deterioration, organic in soil
Matter content declines, and all kinds of nutrients ratio imbalances, soil starts acidifying, hardened, the physicochemical character and soil microflora of soil
By heavy damage, cause its water conservation, fertilizer conservation, poor air permeability, it is difficult to meet the actual growth needs of cucumber, while chemical fertilizer, agriculture
The cost of medicine is high, brings financial burden to the peasant household for being engaged in cucumber cultivation, and the Disease Resistance of Cucumber planted is weak, yield
Low and poor quality.
The content of the invention
In order to solve existing high yield, there is the incidence of disease is not low enough, yield for the cucumber of disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method cultivation
The not high enough and imperfect problem of quality, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high yield, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, by this
High yield, the cucumber of disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method cultivation have that disease resistance is strong, yield is high and the advantages of quality betters.
The invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of high yield, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, comprise the following steps：
(1) soil selects：Selection is rich in organic matter, PH6.5-7.5, draining is good, physical features is dry, soil layer is deep and preceding
Stubble do not planted melon, eggplant class vegetables retain water and nutrients partially sticky sandy soil；
(2) variety selection：Selection is without the damaged, kind that disease resistance is strong, commodity is good, low temperature resistant and high yield；
(3) presoaking and germinating：First seed is placed in 55 DEG C of warm water and soaked seed, is stirred to water temperature at 28-32 DEG C, soaks 6-8h,
Then pull seed out to drain away the water, vernalization under conditions of being placed in 28-30 DEG C is wrapped with wet cloth, when seed germination rate reaches 70%
It can sow；
Water seed soaking 10min or 1500 times of 50% carbendazim seed soaking 1h, then pulls out and is eluted with water, then old with 5-10%
Vinegar seed soaking 2-3h, pulls out and is cleaned with clear water, be placed in vernalization under 28 DEG C of constant temperatures, can be broadcast when seed germination rate reaches 70%
Kind；
(4) nurturing staff：A, the preparation of Nutrition Soil, 1-2 months before broadcasting, by non-planting vegetable crop in nearly 3-5
Field soil, the organic fertilizer through harmless treatment and thin ashes are according to 5:4:1 ratio prepares Nutrition Soil, adds again in every lm3 Nutrition Soils
Enter urea 0.5kg and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 2kg, and fully mix sieving thoroughly；B, seedbed preparation is sowed, wide 1.2- is made with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil
1.3m, high 12-15cm high ridge, thin rake leveling, pour vola water before sowing；Sowing time is in late June-early August, every 667m2
Cultivation field sowing quantity 25-30g；Nutrition Soil 1.0-1.5cm thickness is after planting covered again；Every square metre of seedbed again with 8 grams of 50% carbendazim,
Zinc oxide 10g is mixed after fine earth is mixed thoroughly and is uniformly spread on bed surface again；Mulch film is covered on Winter-Spring seeding and seedling raising bed surface, summer and autumn bed surface covers
Lid sunshade net or straw, day temperature is maintained at 28-32 DEG C before emergence, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 17-20 DEG C；C, seedling management,
Until 70% seed sprouting, bed surface covering is thrown off；With sunshade net suitably to cool, day temperature is maintained at 22-25 DEG C, night
Between temperature be maintained at 15-17 DEG C, be aerated, to pour water during nursery, suitably be watered with backsight nursery season and soil moisture content, in seedling
During seedling 3-4 leaves, one layer of sieving bed soil is spread with reference to the urea of growth of cereal crop seedlings foliage-spray 0.3% or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, during seed talent arch soil to be prevented
Block, when seedling cotyledon flattening, true leaf show, by seeding row spacing 10cm seedling separations, when seedling growth reach 6-8 piece true leaves, it is colonized；
(5) site preparation：Decomposed manure 1800-2000kg of the every mu of administration through harmless treatment, N P and K tri compound
Fertile 50kg, soil conditioner 8-10kg, 10-20g Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, implements rotary tillage after sprinkling evenly, then harrows thin leveling, and trench digging is made
Furrow, wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 18-20cm cultivating bed are made, reserve operation ditch and appropriate greenhouse side sky between wide 40-50cm furrow,
8-10 days scaffolding buckle film close plastic sheds before field planting；
(6) it is colonized：Selection has tool 5-7 piece true leaves, and leaf color is dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, no disease and pests harm strong sprout, choosing
Cloudy day or fine day open cave field planting by 30 × 45cm of seeding row spacing at dusk, and irrigate root water in time, then the flat cave of harmony root of earthing up, and finally exist
Furrow face in the ranks lays micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film and puts seedling, every mu of field planting 3500-4000 strain；
(7) field management：Watered in time after field planting, pour seedling recovering water after 4-5 days, after root melon is sat, terminate restraining the growth of seedlings, watering chases after
Fertilizer, soil moisture keep the 65-70% of field capacity, and summer and autumn are maintained at 75-85%, tie melon peak period, foliage-spray
0.2% urea and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(9) harvest.
Preferably, the soil in step (1) the soil selection also needs to apply organic base fertilizer, is advantageous to improve soil
Physicochemical character so that soil with organic matter content rises, and all kinds of nutrients ratios are balanced, and good ring is provided for the growth of cucumber
Border.
Preferably, organic base fertilizer is prepared by the raw material of following parts by weight, weighs cow dung 10-20 parts, dregs of beans
20-30 parts, vinasse 12-16 parts, humic acid 4-6 parts, attapulgite 3-5 parts, corn stalk powder 2-4 parts, beet 3-5 parts, rice husk
Powder 1-3 parts, urea 0.8-1 parts, rape cake 3-7 parts, perlite 0.1-0.3 parts and water 8-12 parts, whole raw materials are mixed,
Drying, it is granulated, produces organic base fertilizer, is advantageous to soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation and breathes freely.
Preferably, step (3) presoaking and germinating is additionally included in pregermination procedure and stirs seed 2-3 times, makes seed
It is heated evenly, increases oxygen permeating amount, prevent mouldy.
Preferably, step (4) nurturing staff will also carry out hardening for 7-9 days before being additionally included in field planting, and day temperature is protected
Hold at 23-25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is maintained at 10-13 DEG C, contributes to seed to adapt to outside air temperature.
Preferably, intertillage in time is loosened the soil after step (7) field management also includes seedling-slowing stage, and intertillage is loosened the soil and can cut off
The pore of upper soll layer, reduce moisture evaporation.
Preferably, the soil conditioner in step (5) site preparation is prepared by the component raw material of following parts by weight：Leech
Stone flour 20-30 parts, clay 10-12 parts, citric acid 8-10 parts, peanut shell 20-22 parts, turf 3-5 parts, white lime 2-4 parts, wheat meal
Stone flour 8-10 parts, boric acid 5-7 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 parts, ferrous sulfate 1-2 parts, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03 parts, manganese sulfate
0.02-0.04 parts, magnesium sulfate 0.4-0.5 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.05 parts, rice bran 8-10 parts, peppermint oil 1-3 parts, glycerine 1-2
Part, sucrose ester 0.1-0.5 parts and water 10-14 parts, vermiculite power, medical stone powder, clay, citric acid and water are mixed, stir into mud,
Be sent into 250-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4h, then, cooling crush into 3-4mm coarse grain, then with remaining in formula in addition to peppermint oil
After material mixes 45-50min, it is granulated, sprays peppermint oil, drying, produce soil conditioner, the soil conditioner contributes to
Improve soil acidification, hardened phenomenon.
Preferably, step (7) field management includes training and hangs climing, is easy to cucumber ventilation and penetrating light, reduces pest and disease damage,
Improve the yield and quality.
Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide in step (5) site preparation is prepared by following method：A, claim by weight
Take onion 25-31 parts, southern magnolia 2-4 parts, kuh-seng 3-4 parts, canna leaf 4-6 parts, orange peel 4-6 parts, Chinese bulbul 6-8 parts,
Rhizoma menispermi 4-6 parts, golden cypress 1-2 parts, tuber of stemona 4-6 parts, betel nut 3-4 parts, alumen 2-3 parts, Chinese gall 3-4 parts, frutus cnidii 2-4 parts,
Fructus meliae toosendan 3-4 parts, mountain villous themeda orchid 3-4 parts, water eggplant 2-3 parts, baeckea frutescen 2-3 parts, zinc oxide 2-4 parts, fern root 2-4 parts；B, onion is gone
Root peeling, which is squeezed the juice, is filtrated to get Conditions of Onion Juice；C, by southern magnolia, kuh-seng, canna leaf, orange peel, the Chinese bulbul, rhizoma menispermi, Huang
Cypress, the tuber of stemona, betel nut, alumen, Chinese gall, frutus cnidii, Fructus meliae toosendan, mountain villous themeda orchid, water eggplant, baeckea frutescen, zinc oxide, fern root mixing boiling are endured
Into mixing soup；Then and powder d, the obtained mixing soup of step (c) mix with Conditions of Onion Juice, filtered, concentration, be spray-dried,
Last weight 1-2% borneol and grinding mixing, produces Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, and reduce cucumber is influenceed by pest and disease damage.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, high yield of the present invention, the cucumber of disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method cultivation have that disease resistance is strong, yield is high and quality better
The advantages of.
2nd, the soil in heretofore described step (1) soil selection also needs to apply organic base fertilizer, is advantageous to improve soil
The physicochemical character of earth so that soil with organic matter content rises, and all kinds of nutrients ratios are balanced, is provided well for the growth of cucumber
Environment.
3rd, heretofore described organic base fertilizer is prepared by the raw material of following parts by weight, weighs cow dung 10-20 parts, beans
Dregs of rice 20-30 parts, vinasse 12-16 parts, humic acid 4-6 parts, attapulgite 3-5 parts, corn stalk powder 2-4 parts, beet 3-5 parts, rice
Shell powder 1-3 parts, urea 0.8-1 parts, rape cake 3-7 parts, perlite 0.1-0.3 parts and water 8-12 parts, whole raw materials are mixed and stirred
Mix, dry, be granulated, produce organic base fertilizer, be advantageous to soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation and breathe freely.
4th, heretofore described step (3) presoaking and germinating is additionally included in pregermination procedure and stirs seed 2-3 times, makes kind
Son is heated evenly, and is increased oxygen permeating amount, is prevented mouldy.
5th, heretofore described step (4) nurturing staff will also carry out hardening, day temperature in 7-9 days before being additionally included in field planting
23-25 DEG C is maintained at, nocturnal temperature is maintained at 10-13 DEG C, contributes to seed to adapt to outside air temperature.
6th, intertillage in time is loosened the soil after heretofore described step (7) field management also includes seedling-slowing stage, intertills the energy that loosens the soil
The pore of upper soll layer is cut off, reduces moisture evaporation.
7th, the soil conditioner in heretofore described step (5) site preparation by following parts by weight component raw material prepare and
Into：Vermiculite power 20-30 parts, clay 10-12 parts, citric acid 8-10 parts, peanut shell 20-22 parts, turf 3-5 parts, white lime 2-4
Part, medical stone powder 8-10 parts, boric acid 5-7 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 parts, ferrous sulfate 1-2 parts, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03
Part, manganese sulfate 0.02-0.04 parts, magnesium sulfate 0.4-0.5 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.05 parts, rice bran 8-10 parts, peppermint oil 1-3
Part, glycerine 1-2 parts, sucrose ester 0.1-0.5 parts and water 10-14 parts, vermiculite power, medical stone powder, clay, citric acid and water are mixed
Close, stir into mud, be sent into 250-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4h, then, cooling crush is thin into 3-4mm coarse grain, then with being removed in formula
After rest materials outside lotus oil mix 45-50min, it is granulated, sprays peppermint oil, drying, produce soil conditioner, the soil
Conditioner helps to improve soil acidification, hardened phenomenon.
8th, heretofore described step (7) field management includes training and hangs climing, is easy to cucumber ventilation and penetrating light, reduces disease pest
Evil, improves the yield and quality.
9th, the Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide in heretofore described step (5) site preparation is prepared by following method：A, by weight
Part weighs onion 25-31 parts, southern magnolia 2-4 parts, kuh-seng 3-4 parts, canna leaf 4-6 parts, orange peel 4-6 parts, Chinese bulbul 6-8
Part, rhizoma menispermi 4-6 parts, golden cypress 1-2 parts, tuber of stemona 4-6 parts, betel nut 3-4 parts, alumen 2-3 parts, Chinese gall 3-4 parts, frutus cnidii 2-4
Part, Fructus meliae toosendan 3-4 parts, mountain villous themeda orchid 3-4 parts, water eggplant 2-3 parts, baeckea frutescen 2-3 parts, zinc oxide 2-4 parts, fern root 2-4 parts；B, by onion
Go root peeling to squeeze the juice and be filtrated to get Conditions of Onion Juice；C, by southern magnolia, kuh-seng, canna leaf, orange peel, the Chinese bulbul, rhizoma menispermi, Huang
Cypress, the tuber of stemona, betel nut, alumen, Chinese gall, frutus cnidii, Fructus meliae toosendan, mountain villous themeda orchid, water eggplant, baeckea frutescen, zinc oxide, fern root mixing boiling are endured
Into mixing soup；Then and powder d, the obtained mixing soup of step (c) mix with Conditions of Onion Juice, filtered, concentration, be spray-dried,
Last weight 1-2% borneol and grinding mixing, produces Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, and reduce cucumber is influenceed by pest and disease damage.
Embodiment
Embodiment
A kind of high yield, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, comprise the following steps：
(1) soil selects：Selection is rich in organic matter, PH6.5-7.5, draining is good, physical features is dry, soil layer is deep and preceding
Stubble do not planted melon, eggplant class vegetables retain water and nutrients partially sticky sandy soil；
(2) variety selection：Selection is without the damaged, kind that disease resistance is strong, commodity is good, low temperature resistant and high yield；
(3) presoaking and germinating：First seed is placed in 55 DEG C of warm water and soaked seed, is stirred to water temperature at 28-32 DEG C, soaks 6-8h,
Then pull seed out to drain away the water, vernalization under conditions of being placed in 28-30 DEG C is wrapped with wet cloth, when seed germination rate reaches 70%
It can sow；
Water seed soaking 10min or 1500 times of 50% carbendazim seed soaking 1h, then pulls out and is eluted with water, then old with 5-10%
Vinegar seed soaking 2-3h, pulls out and is cleaned with clear water, be placed in vernalization under 28 DEG C of constant temperatures, can be broadcast when seed germination rate reaches 70%
Kind；
(4) nurturing staff：A, the preparation of Nutrition Soil, 1-2 months before broadcasting, by non-planting vegetable crop in nearly 3-5
Field soil, the organic fertilizer through harmless treatment and thin ashes are according to 5:4:1 ratio prepares Nutrition Soil, adds again in every lm3 Nutrition Soils
Enter urea 0.5kg and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 2kg, and fully mix sieving thoroughly；B, seedbed preparation is sowed, wide 1.2- is made with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil
1.3m, high 12-15cm high ridge, thin rake leveling, pour vola water before sowing；Sowing time is in late June-early August, every 667m2
Cultivation field sowing quantity 25-30g；Nutrition Soil 1.0-1.5cm thickness is after planting covered again；Every square metre of seedbed again with 8 grams of 50% carbendazim,
Zinc oxide 10g is mixed after fine earth is mixed thoroughly and is uniformly spread on bed surface again；Mulch film is covered on Winter-Spring seeding and seedling raising bed surface, summer and autumn bed surface covers
Lid sunshade net or straw, day temperature is maintained at 28-32 DEG C before emergence, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 17-20 DEG C；C, seedling management,
Until 70% seed sprouting, bed surface covering is thrown off；With sunshade net suitably to cool, day temperature is maintained at 22-25 DEG C, night
Between temperature be maintained at 15-17 DEG C, be aerated, to pour water during nursery, suitably be watered with backsight nursery season and soil moisture content, in seedling
During seedling 3-4 leaves, one layer of sieving bed soil is spread with reference to the urea of growth of cereal crop seedlings foliage-spray 0.3% or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, during seed talent arch soil to be prevented
Block, when seedling cotyledon flattening, true leaf show, by seeding row spacing 10cm seedling separations, when seedling growth reach 6-8 piece true leaves, it is colonized；
(5) site preparation：Decomposed manure 1800-2000kg of the every mu of administration through harmless treatment, N P and K tri compound
Fertile 50kg, soil conditioner 8-10kg, 10-20g Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, implements rotary tillage after sprinkling evenly, then harrows thin leveling, and trench digging is made
Furrow, wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 18-20cm cultivating bed are made, reserve operation ditch and appropriate greenhouse side sky between wide 40-50cm furrow,
8-10 days scaffolding buckle film close plastic sheds before field planting；
(6) it is colonized：Selection has tool 5-7 piece true leaves, and leaf color is dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, no disease and pests harm strong sprout, choosing
Cloudy day or fine day open cave field planting by 30 × 45cm of seeding row spacing at dusk, and irrigate root water in time, then the flat cave of harmony root of earthing up, and finally exist
Furrow face in the ranks lays micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film and puts seedling, every mu of field planting 3500-4000 strain；
(7) field management：Watered in time after field planting, pour seedling recovering water after 4-5 days, after root melon is sat, terminate restraining the growth of seedlings, watering chases after
Fertilizer, soil moisture keep the 65-70% of field capacity, and summer and autumn are maintained at 75-85%, tie melon peak period, foliage-spray
0.2% urea and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(9) harvest.
Soil in the selection of step (1) soil also needs to apply organic base fertilizer, is advantageous to improve the physicochemical character of soil, makes
Obtain soil with organic matter content to rise, all kinds of nutrients ratios are balanced, and good environment is provided for the growth of cucumber.
Organic base fertilizer is prepared by the raw material of following parts by weight, weighs cow dung 10-20 parts, dregs of beans 20-30 parts, vinasse
12-16 parts, humic acid 4-6 parts, attapulgite 3-5 parts, corn stalk powder 2-4 parts, beet 3-5 parts, powdered rice hulls 1-3 parts, urea
0.8-1 parts, rape cake 3-7 parts, perlite 0.1-0.3 parts and water 8-12 parts, whole raw materials are mixed, dry, are granulated, i.e.,
Organic base fertilizer is obtained, is advantageous to soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation and breathes freely.
Step (3) presoaking and germinating is additionally included in pregermination procedure and stirs seed 2-3 times, is heated evenly seed, increases
Add oxygen permeating amount, prevent mouldy.
Step (4) nurturing staff will also carry out hardening in 7-9 days before being additionally included in field planting, and day temperature is maintained at 23-25 DEG C,
Nocturnal temperature is maintained at 10-13 DEG C, contributes to seed to adapt to outside air temperature.
Step (7) field management also includes seedling-slowing stage, and intertillage is loosened the soil in time later, and intertillage is loosened the soil and can cut off upper soll layer
Pore, reduce moisture evaporation.
Soil conditioner in step (5) site preparation is prepared by the component raw material of following parts by weight：Vermiculite power 20-30
Part, clay 10-12 parts, citric acid 8-10 parts, peanut shell 20-22 parts, turf 3-5 parts, white lime 2-4 parts, medical stone powder 8-10
Part, boric acid 5-7 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 parts, ferrous sulfate 1-2 parts, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03 parts, manganese sulfate 0.02-
0.04 part, magnesium sulfate 0.4-0.5 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.05 parts, rice bran 8-10 parts, peppermint oil 1-3 parts, glycerine 1-2 parts, sugarcane
Sugar ester 0.1-0.5 parts and water 10-14 parts, vermiculite power, medical stone powder, clay, citric acid and water are mixed, stir into mud, be sent into
250-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4h, then, cooling crush into 3-4mm coarse grain, then with the rest materials in formula in addition to peppermint oil
After mixing 45-50min, it is granulated, sprays peppermint oil, drying, produce soil conditioner, the soil conditioner helps to improve
Soil acidification, hardened phenomenon.
Step (7) field management includes training and hangs climing, is easy to cucumber ventilation and penetrating light, reduces pest and disease damage, improve yield and
Quality.
Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide in step (5) site preparation is prepared by following method：A, onion 25-31 is weighed by weight
Part, southern magnolia 2-4 parts, kuh-seng 3-4 parts, canna leaf 4-6 parts, orange peel 4-6 parts, Chinese bulbul 6-8 parts, rhizoma menispermi 4-6 parts,
Golden cypress 1-2 parts, tuber of stemona 4-6 parts, betel nut 3-4 parts, alumen 2-3 parts, Chinese gall 3-4 parts, frutus cnidii 2-4 parts, Fructus meliae toosendan 3-4 parts,
Mountain villous themeda orchid 3-4 parts, water eggplant 2-3 parts, baeckea frutescen 2-3 parts, zinc oxide 2-4 parts, fern root 2-4 parts；B, root peeling is gone to squeeze the juice onion
Filter obtains Conditions of Onion Juice；C, by southern magnolia, kuh-seng, canna leaf, orange peel, the Chinese bulbul, rhizoma menispermi, golden cypress, the tuber of stemona, betel nut,
Alumen, Chinese gall, frutus cnidii, Fructus meliae toosendan, mountain villous themeda orchid, water eggplant, baeckea frutescen, zinc oxide, fern root mixing boiling are boiled into mixing soup；d、
The obtained mixing soup of step (c) is mixed with Conditions of Onion Juice, filtered, is concentrated, spray drying, then with powder weight 1-2%'s
Borneol and grinding is mixed, and produces Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, and reduce cucumber is influenceed by pest and disease damage.
By the high yield of embodiment, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method compared with existing cucumber cultivation method, have with
Lower advantage：
As seen from the above table, compared with conventional method, high yield of the present invention, the cucumber tool of disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method cultivation
There is the advantages of quality better, yield height and disease resistance is strong.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, although with reference to foregoing reality
Apply example the present invention is described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be to foregoing each implementation
Technical scheme described in example is modified, or equivalent substitution, all essences in the present invention are carried out to which part technical characteristic
God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of high yield, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) soil selects：Selection rich in organic matter, PH6.5-7.5, draining is good, physical features is dry, soil layer is deep and preceding stubble not
Planted melon, eggplant class vegetables retain water and nutrients partially sticky sandy soil；
(2) variety selection：Selection is without the damaged, kind that disease resistance is strong, commodity is good, low temperature resistant and high yield；
(3) presoaking and germinating：First seed is placed in 55 DEG C of warm water and soaked seed, is stirred to water temperature at 28-32 DEG C, soaks 6-8h, then
Pull seed out to drain away the water, vernalization under conditions of being placed in 28-30 DEG C is wrapped with wet cloth, when seed germination rate reaches 70%
Sowing；
1500 times of seed soaking 1h of water seed soaking 10min or 50% carbendazim, then pull out and are eluted with water, then soaked with 5-10% mature vinegar
Kind 2-3h, pulls out and is cleaned with clear water, be placed in vernalization under 28 DEG C of constant temperatures, can be sowed when seed germination rate reaches 70%；
(4) nurturing staff：A, the preparation of Nutrition Soil, 1-2 months before broadcast, by the field soil of non-planting vegetable crop in nearly 3-5,
Organic fertilizer and thin ashes through harmless treatment are according to 5:4:1 ratio prepares Nutrition Soil, and urea is added in every lm3 Nutrition Soils
0.5kg and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 2kg, and fully mix sieving thoroughly；B, sow seedbed preparation, with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil make wide 1.2-1.3m,
High 12-15cm high ridge, thin rake leveling, pours vola water before sowing；Sowing time is in late June-early August, every 667m2 cultivation fields
Sowing quantity 25-30g；Nutrition Soil 1.0-1.5cm thickness is after planting covered again；Every square metre of seedbed is again with 8 grams of 50% carbendazim, zinc oxide
10g is mixed after fine earth is mixed thoroughly and is uniformly spread on bed surface again；Mulch film, the covering sunshade of summer and autumn bed surface are covered on Winter-Spring seeding and seedling raising bed surface
Net or straw, day temperature is maintained at 28-32 DEG C before emergence, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 17-20 DEG C；C, seedling management, wait until
During 70% seed sprouting, bed surface covering is thrown off；With sunshade net suitably to cool, day temperature is maintained at 22-25 DEG C, night temperature
Degree is maintained at 15-17 DEG C, is aerated, and to pour water during nursery, suitably be watered with backsight nursery season and soil moisture content, in rice shoot 3-
During 4 leaf, one layer of sieving bed soil is spread with reference to the urea of growth of cereal crop seedlings foliage-spray 0.3% or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, during seed talent arch soil prevents block,
When seedling cotyledon flattening, true leaf show, by seeding row spacing 10cm seedling separations, when seedling growth reach 6-8 piece true leaves, it is colonized；
(5) site preparation：Decomposed manure 1800-2000kg of the every mu of administration through harmless treatment, N P and K NPK
50kg, soil conditioner 8-10kg, 10-20g Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, implements rotary tillage after sprinkling evenly, then harrows thin leveling, bedding of ditching,
Wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 18-20cm cultivating bed are made, reserves operation ditch and appropriate greenhouse side sky between wide 40-50cm furrow, it is fixed
8-10 days scaffolding buckle film close plastic sheds before plant；
(6) it is colonized：Selection has tool 5-7 piece true leaves, and leaf color is dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, no disease and pests harm strong sprout, the choosing cloudy day
Or fine day opens cave field planting by 30 × 45cm of seeding row spacing at dusk, and root water is irrigated in time, then the flat cave of harmony root of earthing up, finally in furrow face
In the ranks lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film and put seedling, every mu of field planting 3500-4000 strain；
(7) field management：Watered in time after field planting, pour seedling recovering water after 4-5 days, after root melon is sat, terminate restraining the growth of seedlings, top dressing of watering,
Soil moisture keeps the 65-70% of field capacity, and summer and autumn are maintained at 75-85%, tie melon peak period, foliage-spray 0.2%
Urea and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(9) harvest.
2. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, it is characterised in that：Step (1) the soil choosing
Soil in selecting also needs to apply organic base fertilizer.
3. high yield according to claim 2, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, it is characterised in that：Organic base fertilizer by with
The raw material of lower parts by weight is prepared, weigh cow dung 10-20 parts, dregs of beans 20-30 parts, vinasse 12-16 parts, humic acid 4-6 parts,
Attapulgite 3-5 parts, corn stalk powder 2-4 parts, beet 3-5 parts, powdered rice hulls 1-3 parts, urea 0.8-1 parts, rape cake 3-7 parts,
Perlite 0.1-0.3 parts and water 8-12 parts, whole raw materials are mixed, dry, are granulated, produce organic base fertilizer.
4. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, it is characterised in that：Step (3) seed soaking is urged
Bud is additionally included in pregermination procedure and stirs seed 2-3 times.
5. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, it is characterised in that：The step (4) is cultivated strong
Seedling will also carry out hardening in 7-9 days before being additionally included in field planting, and day temperature is maintained at 23-25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 10-13
℃。
6. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, it is characterised in that：Step (7) the field pipe
Reason also includes seedling-slowing stage, and intertillage is loosened the soil in time later.
7. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, it is characterised in that：In step (5) site preparation
Soil conditioner be prepared by the component raw material of following parts by weight：Vermiculite power 20-30 parts, clay 10-12 parts, citric acid 8-
10 parts, peanut shell 20-22 parts, turf 3-5 parts, white lime 2-4 parts, medical stone powder 8-10 parts, boric acid 5-7 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
2-3 parts, ferrous sulfate 1-2 parts, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03 parts, manganese sulfate 0.02-0.04 parts, magnesium sulfate 0.4-0.5 parts, molybdenum
Sour ammonium 0.01-0.05 parts, rice bran 8-10 parts, peppermint oil 1-3 parts, glycerine 1-2 parts, sucrose ester 0.1-0.5 parts and water 10-14 parts,
Vermiculite power, medical stone powder, clay, citric acid and water are mixed, stir into mud, is sent into 250-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4h, so
Afterwards, cooling crush is into 3-4mm coarse grain, then after mixing 45-50min with the rest materials in formula in addition to peppermint oil, is granulated,
Peppermint oil is sprayed, drying, produces soil conditioner.
8. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, it is characterised in that：Step (7) the field pipe
Reason include training hang it is climing.
9. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant cucumber cultivation method, it is characterised in that：In step (5) site preparation
Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide be prepared by following method：A, onion 25-31 parts, southern magnolia 2-4 parts, kuh-seng are weighed by weight
3-4 parts, canna leaf 4-6 parts, orange peel 4-6 parts, Chinese bulbul 6-8 parts, rhizoma menispermi 4-6 parts, golden cypress 1-2 parts, tuber of stemona 4-6 parts,
Betel nut 3-4 parts, alumen 2-3 parts, Chinese gall 3-4 parts, frutus cnidii 2-4 parts, Fructus meliae toosendan 3-4 parts, mountain villous themeda orchid 3-4 parts, water eggplant 2-3
Part, baeckea frutescen 2-3 parts, zinc oxide 2-4 parts, fern root 2-4 parts；B, go root peeling to squeeze the juice onion and be filtrated to get Conditions of Onion Juice；C, will be wide
Yulan leaf, kuh-seng, canna leaf, orange peel, the Chinese bulbul, rhizoma menispermi, golden cypress, the tuber of stemona, betel nut, alumen, Chinese gall, frutus cnidii,
Fructus meliae toosendan, mountain villous themeda orchid, water eggplant, baeckea frutescen, zinc oxide, fern root mixing boiling are boiled into mixing soup；D, by the obtained mixing of step (c)
Soup is mixed with Conditions of Onion Juice, filtered, and is concentrated, spray drying, and then the borneol and grinding with powder weight 1-2% mixes, in producing
Herbal medicine bactericide.
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