CN103975718A - Spring early maturing culture method for greenhouse peppers - Google Patents
Spring early maturing culture method for greenhouse peppers Download PDFInfo
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- CN103975718A CN103975718A CN201410129082.XA CN201410129082A CN103975718A CN 103975718 A CN103975718 A CN 103975718A CN 201410129082 A CN201410129082 A CN 201410129082A CN 103975718 A CN103975718 A CN 103975718A
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- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 title abstract 6
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a spring early maturing culture method for greenhouse peppers, which comprises the following steps: selecting fine seeds; cultivating strong seedlings; planting in good time; managing the cultivation; performing pest control; harvesting and the like. According to a spring early maturing culture technique for the greenhouse peppers, the peppers can be sold in the market in a vegetable slack season; the maturing period according to the method is 30-40d earlier than the maturing period on the basis of the culture in the open; the acre yield can reach 3000kg; the technology implementation is simple; the operability is strong; the application is wide; the requirement for the peppers of the slack season market in the early spring is met; the plant diseases and insect pests are few during the technical production process; the quality of the acquired peppers is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, be specifically related to a kind of shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature.
Background technology
Capsicum is a kind of important vegetables and flavouring, its nutritive value is very high, contain multivitamin and trace element, as vitamin C, B, carotin, calcium, iron, phosphorus etc., studies have shown that in per kilogram capsicum that containing vitamin C be 1050 milligrams, is 21 times of eggplant, 5 times of tomato, 4 times of Chinese cabbage, 3 times of ternip.Capsicum has in temperature, the loose effect of trembling with fear, whet the appetite, helping digestion.Capsicum is cultivated the maturing stage early spring and will shift to an earlier date 30-40 days than outdoor cropping, and unit price is high, profitable, and market potential is large.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature, is characterized in that comprising following content:
(1), kind is selected should to select high-quality, disease-resistant, precocious, high yield, plant type compactness, is suitable for the kind of dense planting;
(2), grow seedlings and cultivate strong sprout
The preparation of a, cover soil
Before growing seedlings, in 60-70%, do not plant the field soil of solanaceous crops, the ratio preparation Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of 30-40% through becoming thoroughly decomposed, every lm
3in Nutrition Soil, add again 2-3kg superphosphate, 1-2kg Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, 1-2g borax, 1-2g zinc sulphate, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
Prepare in b, sowing seedbed
Should before sowing, within 3-5 days, take seedling raising greenhouse buckle film, clean out a drain, the nutritional drugs soil that first place mat 1cm is thick below seedbed, the seedbed of making wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm with Nutrition Soil, thin rake leveling, waters vola water before sowing;
C, sowing
Sowing time is general precocious in mid or late October;
Broadcast frontly first by seed airing 2-3h under the low light level, then with the hot water of about 50-60 ℃, scald kind and constantly stir a 10-15min, then using the citric acid clear water solution seed soaking 2-3h of normal temperature 2-3%, pull out, with clear water, soak 3-4h, drain and wait to broadcast; First water sprays Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, cover the thick nutritional drugs of 1cm soil in the above, wherein the preparation of nutritional drugs soil is killed under the nutritional drugs soil that star, 2g areca powder and appropriate Nutrition Soil mix each pad by every square meter seedbed 5g50% tmtd and 3g3% ground worm to cover 1cm thick, then covering with plastic film again, put up little shed, add a cover straw screen or mat night, after lid has been planted, then covering with plastic film, put up little shed overlay film, add a cover straw screen or mat night;
D, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, throw off mulch film and straw screen or mat that bed surface covers; The temperature treatment of seedling bed is the key of cultivating strong sprout, maintains higher temperature, by taking off the opaque covering of late lid between the seeding stage; Regulate ventilation and ventilation time to regulate the temperature and humidity in canopy; Early thinning keeps rational density; To bed surface, spread thin dry ground 1-2 time, do not make the be full of cracks of furrow face, reduce moisture evaporation, the temperature requirement between the seeding stage is day 29 ℃ of left and right of temperature, night temperature 15-18 ℃, seedling all sprouts, after cotyledon flattens, suitably cooling, in case high pin seedling, 3-4 days before minute seedling, the hardening of suitably lowering the temperature, in order to slow seedling;
E, minute seedling
Divide seedling front 7-10 days, the ratio that is about 1:10 in minute seedling canopy and the Area Ratio of cultivation canopy, build minute seedling booth the timely vexed canopy of buckle film, furrow face in leveling canopy, with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, make wide 1.2-1.3m, the high furrow of high 10-15cm, thin rake leveling furrow face, with the nutritive cube about 10 * 10cm, pouring into Nutrition Soil puts in furrow face, every row 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered is arranged, squeeze tight, every 667 ㎡ cultivation field need about alms bowl 4000-4500 processed, as calendar seedling age 30-35 days, during tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, can select fine day to divide seedling, before dividing seedling, furrow face is beaten permeable, limit lifting, transplant on limit, water in limit, planting the seedling degree of depth buries to 1-2cm under cotyledonary node and is advisable with Nutrition Soil, in 1-2 days, on minute seedbed, insert arch bar and build little shed overlay film, add a cover straw screen or mat night, close canopy 3-5 days, after slow seedling, enter thermophilic management, 10-15 days low temperature hardenings under 13-15 ℃ of condition gradually before field planting,
(3), field planting
Cultivation field arranges
The high-quality farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed in the front land for growing field crops of field planting in conjunction with whole land, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, soil conditioner 20-30kg, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, the thin leveling of rake again, trench digging bedding, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 15-20cm, and reserve and between the furrow of wide 30-50cm, operate ditch and suitably booth limit is empty, the 7-10 days vexed canopies of scaffolding buckle film before field planting;
In good time transplant planting
In mid or late December, selection has selected varietal characteristic, tool 6-7 sheet true leaf, leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, select successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 33 * 45cm, and irrigate in time normal root water, the flat cave of blinding harmony root, then at furrow face, lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film in the ranks and put seedling, inserting immediately arch bar and build little shed overlay film;
(4), booth management
Vexed canopy 3-5 days after field planting, after slow seedling, suitable aeration-cooling recovery room temperature management, is 25-29 ℃ on daytime in canopy, evening, 15-18 ℃ when the very night, temperature was lower than 8 ℃, added a cover straw screen or mat or nonwoven night on little shed; Along with temperature continues to decline, straw screen or mat should suitably be encrypted, and along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow, fills a 200-300 watt of incandescent lamp in canopy, and illumination and heat are provided; After the beginning of spring, along with the rise gradually of temperature, should suitably ventilate in good time, keep thermophilic management, reduce air humidity in canopy, outside night canopy, during higher than 15 ℃, all will ventilate round the clock; Temperature gos up again later, progressively remove mulch film, canopy film, enters open country management.From door green pepper results, increase water (the selecting carry out fine warm noon) of topdressing, can execute ammonium sulfate 14-16 kilogram, superphosphate 8-22 kilogram, 80 kilograms of ash by mu.Topdress the full bearing period and water 2-3 time; The following side shoot of door green pepper should be erased in time, and extracts the Lao Ye of plant bottom, sick leaf, in order to improve fruit-setting rate, can be with 2,4-D point anthocaulus before at 10 o'clock in the morning, concentration is 10-20 mg/kg, with open Hua Weihao on the same day, can not be overweight during point and repeat, in case cause malformed fruit;
Rich water quality management
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, key points such as being held in alive of plant field planting, first fruit phase and the full bearing period is implemented to topdress.General field planting live after every 667 ㎡ canopies ground with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 4-6kg, chase after tiller fertilizer one time, often gather the full bearing period after twice and topdress once, impose three element compound fertilizer 7-10kg general every 667 ㎡ canopies; In conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, in initial bloom stage to the full bearing period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2% and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 time.In conjunction with the enforcement slight irrigation of topdressing, pour water thoroughly and not steep and be advisable, and topdress pour water after in time ventilation, reduce air humidity in canopy;
(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest
According to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", adhere to take the Harmless control principle of " cultural control, physical control, biological control are as main, and chemical control is auxiliary ";
(6), gather: during the 4-5 month in next year, gather, door fruit and bottom fruit should be gathered as early as possible in good time in batches, gather completely should clean in time rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film.
Described shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature, it is characterized in that: the soil conditioner described in step (3) is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, the offcuts 20-25 of food factory, vinasse 3-5, white lime 2-3, potassium humate 8-10, boric acid 5-6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03, manganese sulphate 0.2-0.3, magnesium sulfate 4-5, ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.2, bone meal 8-11, Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide 2-4, peppermint oil 1-2, glycerine 1-2, sucrose ester 0.1-0.3, water is appropriate, by vermiculite power, clay, citric acid adds suitable quantity of water to mix, stir into mud, send into 200-300 ℃ of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, by again with formula in rest materials mix and blend after 40-50 minute, granulation, spraying peppermint oil, dry and get final product,
Described Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide is made by following method: a, take onion 25-35, southern magnolia 2-4, kuh-seng 3-4, India canna leaf 4-6, pomelo peel 4-6, Chinese pulsatilla 6-8, asiatic moonseed 4-6, golden cypress 1-2, tuber of stemona 4-6, betel nut 3-4, alumen 2-3, gall nut 3-4, frutus cnidii 2-4, Fructus meliae toosendan 3-4, the blue 3-4 of mountain villous themeda, water eggplant 2-4, baeckea frutescen 2-4, medical stone powder 2-4, fern root 2-4 by weight; B, onion is gone root peeling to squeeze the juice to filter to obtain Conditions of Onion Juice; C, by remaining herbal raw materials such as southern magnolia, kuh-seng, India canna leaf 4, pomelo peel, the Chinese pulsatillas, mix poach and be boiled into and mix soup juice; D, the mixing soup juice that step (c) is made mix, filter with Conditions of Onion Juice, concentrated, and spraying is dry, then mix with the borneol and grinding of powder weight 1-2%, obtain Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature provided by the invention, is a kind ofly to make to make capsicum in listing in vegetables dull seasons, and the maturing stage, per mu yield can reach 2000kg than outdoor cropping 30～40d ahead of time.This technology is implemented simple, workable, and wide adaptability has met the demand of market in dull season to capsicum in early spring.In the technology of the present invention production process, damage by disease and insect is few, and the Quality of Capsicum of gained is high.In addition this technology is all noted the integrated application to the green prevention and control measure of disease pest and weed choosing seeds, grow seedlings, cultivate each stage, while applying base manure, by having added soil conditioner, not only improved soil property, lowered the breeding of damage by disease and insect simultaneously, avoid to greatest extent and reduced the use of chemical pesticide, Product quality and safety also has guarantee very reliably.
Embodiment
A shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature, comprises following content:
(1), kind is selected should to select high-quality, disease-resistant, precocious, high yield, plant type compactness, is suitable for the good agriculture 11 of kind of dense planting;
(2), cultivate strong sprout
The preparation of a, cover soil
Before growing seedlings in the ratio preparation Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of the 65% field soil, 35% of not planting solanaceous crops through becoming thoroughly decomposed, every lm
3in Nutrition Soil, add again 2kg superphosphate, 1kg Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, 2g borax, 1g zinc sulphate, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
Prepare in b, sowing seedbed
Should within first 4 days, take seedling raising greenhouse buckle film in sowing, clean out a drain, the nutritional drugs soil that first place mat 1cm is thick below seedbed, the seedbed of making wide 1.2m, high 14cm with Nutrition Soil, thin rake leveling, waters vola water before sowing;
C, sowing
Sowing time is general precocious in mid or late October,
Broadcast frontly first by seed airing 2-3h under the low light level, then with the hot water of approximately 55 ℃, scald kind and constantly stir a 10-15min, then using the citric acid clear water solution seed soaking 3h of normal temperature 2%, pull out, with clear water, soak 4h, drain and wait to broadcast; First water sprays Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, cover the thick nutritional drugs of 1cm soil in the above, wherein the preparation of nutritional drugs soil is killed under the nutritional drugs soil that star, 2g areca powder and appropriate Nutrition Soil mix each pad by every square meter seedbed 5g50% tmtd and 3g3% ground worm to cover 1cm thick, then covering with plastic film again, put up little shed, add a cover straw screen or mat night, after lid has been planted, then covering with plastic film, put up little shed overlay film, add a cover straw screen or mat night;
D, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, throw off mulch film and straw screen or mat that bed surface covers; The temperature treatment of seedling bed is the key of cultivating strong sprout, maintains higher temperature, by taking off the opaque covering of late lid between the seeding stage; Regulate ventilation and ventilation time to regulate the temperature and humidity in canopy; Early thinning keeps rational density; To bed surface, spread thin dry ground 1-2 time, do not make the be full of cracks of furrow face, reduce moisture evaporation, the temperature requirement between the seeding stage is day 29 ℃ of left and right of temperature, night temperature 15-18 ℃, seedling all sprouts, after cotyledon flattens, suitably cooling, in case high pin seedling, 3-4 days before minute seedling, the hardening of suitably lowering the temperature, in order to slow seedling;
E, minute seedling
Divide seedling front 7-10 days, the ratio that is about 1:10 in minute seedling canopy and the Area Ratio of cultivation canopy, build minute seedling booth the timely vexed canopy of buckle film, furrow face in leveling canopy, with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, make wide 1.2-1.3m, the high furrow of high 10-15cm, thin rake leveling furrow face, with the nutritive cube about 10 * 10cm, pouring into Nutrition Soil puts in furrow face, every row 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered is arranged, squeeze tight, every 667 ㎡ cultivation field need 4500 left and right of alms bowl processed, as calendar seedling age 30-35 days, during tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, can select fine day to divide seedling, before dividing seedling, furrow face is beaten permeable, limit lifting, transplant on limit, water in limit, planting the seedling degree of depth buries to 1-2cm under cotyledonary node and is advisable with Nutrition Soil, in 1-2 days, on minute seedbed, insert arch bar and build little shed overlay film, add a cover straw screen or mat night, close canopy 3-5 days, after slow seedling, enter thermophilic management, 10-15 days low temperature hardenings under 13-15 ℃ of condition gradually before field planting,
(3), field planting
Cultivation field arranges
2500 kilograms of the high-quality farmyard manures that become thoroughly decomposed are executed in conjunction with whole land in the front land for growing field crops of field planting, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, soil conditioner 25kg, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, the thin leveling of rake again, trench digging bedding, make cultivating bed wide 1.8 meters, high 16cm, and reserve and between the furrow of wide 30-50cm, operate ditch and suitably booth limit is empty, the 7-10 days vexed canopies of scaffolding buckle film before field planting;
In good time transplant planting
In mid or late December, selection has selected varietal characteristic, tool 6-7 sheet true leaf, leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, select successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 33 * 45cm, and irrigate in time normal root water, the flat cave of blinding harmony root, then at furrow face, lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film in the ranks and put seedling, inserting immediately arch bar and build little shed overlay film;
(4), booth management
Vexed canopy 3-5 days after field planting, after slow seedling, suitable aeration-cooling recovery room temperature management, is 25-29 ℃ on daytime in canopy, evening, 15-18 ℃ when the very night, temperature was lower than 8 ℃, added a cover straw screen or mat or nonwoven night on little shed; Along with temperature continues to decline, straw screen or mat should suitably be encrypted, and along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow, fills 250 watts of incandescent lamps in canopy, and illumination and heat are provided; After the beginning of spring, along with the rise gradually of temperature, should suitably ventilate in good time, keep thermophilic management, reduce air humidity in canopy, outside night canopy, during higher than 15 ℃, all will ventilate round the clock.Temperature gos up again later, progressively remove mulch film, canopy film, enters open country management.From door green pepper results, increase water (the selecting carry out fine warm noon) of topdressing, can execute 15 kilograms, ammonium sulfate, 15 kilograms of superphosphate, 80 kilograms of ash by mu; Topdress the full bearing period and water 2-3 time; The following side shoot of door green pepper should be erased in time, and extracts the Lao Ye of plant bottom, sick leaf, in order to improve fruit-setting rate, can be with 2,4-D point anthocaulus before at 10 o'clock in the morning, concentration is 10-20 mg/kg, with open Hua Weihao on the same day, can not be overweight during point and repeat, in case cause malformed fruit;
Rich water quality management
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, key points such as being held in alive of plant field planting, first fruit phase and the full bearing period is implemented to topdress.Field planting live after every 667 ㎡ canopies ground with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 4-6kg, chase after tiller fertilizer one time, often gather the full bearing period after twice and topdress once, impose three element compound fertilizer 7-10kg; In conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, in initial bloom stage to the full bearing period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2% and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 time.In conjunction with the enforcement slight irrigation of topdressing, pour water thoroughly and not steep and be advisable, and topdress pour water after in time ventilation, reduce air humidity in canopy;
(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest
Control principle
According to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", adhere to take the Harmless control principle of " cultural control, physical control, biological control are as main, and chemical control is auxiliary ".
Cultural control
Select disease-resistant variety, carry out 3-5 crop rotation, deep ploughing and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, cultivate strong sprout, create suitable procreation enviroment condition, enrich fertilizer through harmless treatment, use in right amount the measures such as chemical fertilizer, clean rural area.
Physical control
Employing sunlight is basked seeds, and hots water treatment of seeds, and summer fallow is tanned by the sun and the vexed canopy of the high temperature of pouring water, silverskin repellent, and fly net intercepts, colour table trapping, light trap etc.
Biological control
Active protection, utilize natural enemy, adopt gyplure insect-killing trapping, use biopesticide.
Main diseases insect pest
There are gray mold, epidemic disease, root rot, stalk break, virus disease, graywall and aphid, yellow tea mite, Bemisia tabaci etc. with the main diseases insect pest of county's capsicum booth spring ealy maturing culture.
Chemical control
Regulation in strict accordance with GB4285 and GB/T8321 is carried out, and uses Chinese herbal medicine source bactericide simultaneously.
Wherein soil conditioner used is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 25, clay 11, citric acid 9, food factory's offcuts 22, vinasse 4, white lime 2, potassium humate 9, boric acid 5.5, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5, ferrous sulfate 2, sodium selenite 0.02, manganese sulphate 0.2, magnesium sulfate 4.5, ammonium molybdate 0.15, bone meal 10, Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide 3, peppermint oil 2, glycerine 2, sucrose ester 0.2, water are appropriate; Preparation method: add suitable quantity of water to mix vermiculite power, clay, citric acid, stir into mud, send into 200-300 ℃ of kiln roasting 4 hours, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, by again with formula in rest materials mix and blend after 45 minutes, granulation, spraying peppermint oil, dries and get final product.
Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide is wherein made by following method: a, take onion 30, southern magnolia 3, kuh-seng 4, India canna leaf 5, pomelo peel 5, the Chinese pulsatilla 7, asiatic moonseed 5, golden cypress 2, the tuber of stemona 5, betel nut 3, alumen 2, gall nut 4, frutus cnidii 3, Fructus meliae toosendan 4, mountain villous themeda orchid 3, water eggplant 3, baeckea frutescen 4, medical stone powder 3, fern root 3 by weight; B, onion is gone root peeling to squeeze the juice to filter to obtain Conditions of Onion Juice; C, by remaining herbal raw materials such as southern magnolia, kuh-seng, India canna leaf 4, pomelo peel, the Chinese pulsatillas, mix poach and be boiled into and mix soup juice; D, the mixing soup juice that step (c) is made mix, filter with Conditions of Onion Juice, concentrated, and spraying is dry, then mix with the borneol and grinding of powder weight 1-2%, obtain Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.
Utilize the capsicum product that capsicum product that above-mentioned complex art is produced is produced with usual manner to compare, there is following advantage:
Claims (2)
1. a shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature, is characterized in that comprising following content:
(1), kind is selected should to select high-quality, disease-resistant, precocious, high yield, plant type compactness, is suitable for the kind of dense planting;
(2), grow seedlings and cultivate strong sprout
The preparation of a, cover soil
Before growing seedlings, in 60-70%, do not plant the field soil of solanaceous crops, the ratio preparation Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of 30-40% through becoming thoroughly decomposed, every lm
3in Nutrition Soil, add again 2-3kg superphosphate, 1-2kg Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, 1-2g borax, 1-2g zinc sulphate, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
Prepare in b, sowing seedbed
Should before sowing, within 3-5 days, take seedling raising greenhouse buckle film, clean out a drain, the nutritional drugs soil that first place mat 1cm is thick below seedbed, the seedbed of making wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm with Nutrition Soil, thin rake leveling, waters vola water before sowing;
C, sowing
Sowing time is general precocious in mid or late October;
Broadcast frontly first by seed airing 2-3h under the low light level, then with the hot water of about 50-60 ℃, scald kind and constantly stir a 10-15min, then using the citric acid clear water solution seed soaking 2-3h of normal temperature 2-3%, pull out, with clear water, soak 3-4h, drain and wait to broadcast; First water sprays Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, cover the thick nutritional drugs of 1cm soil in the above, wherein the preparation of nutritional drugs soil is killed under the nutritional drugs soil that star, 2g areca powder and appropriate Nutrition Soil mix each pad by every square meter seedbed 5g50% tmtd and 3g3% ground worm to cover 1cm thick, then covering with plastic film again, put up little shed, add a cover straw screen or mat night, after lid has been planted, then covering with plastic film, put up little shed overlay film, add a cover straw screen or mat night;
D, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, throw off mulch film and straw screen or mat that bed surface covers; The temperature treatment of seedling bed is the key of cultivating strong sprout, maintains higher temperature, by taking off the opaque covering of late lid between the seeding stage; Regulate ventilation and ventilation time to regulate the temperature and humidity in canopy; Early thinning keeps rational density; To bed surface, spread thin dry ground 1-2 time, do not make the be full of cracks of furrow face, reduce moisture evaporation, the temperature requirement between the seeding stage is day 29 ℃ of left and right of temperature, night temperature 15-18 ℃, seedling all sprouts, after cotyledon flattens, suitably cooling, in case high pin seedling, 3-4 days before minute seedling, the hardening of suitably lowering the temperature, in order to slow seedling;
E, minute seedling
Divide seedling front 7-10 days, the ratio that is about 1:10 in minute seedling canopy and the Area Ratio of cultivation canopy, build minute seedling booth the timely vexed canopy of buckle film, furrow face in leveling canopy, with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, make wide 1.2-1.3m, the high furrow of high 10-15cm, thin rake leveling furrow face, with the nutritive cube about 10 * 10cm, pouring into Nutrition Soil puts in furrow face, every row 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered is arranged, squeeze tight, every 667 ㎡ cultivation field need about alms bowl 4000-4500 processed, as calendar seedling age 30-35 days, during tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, can select fine day to divide seedling, before dividing seedling, furrow face is beaten permeable, limit lifting, transplant on limit, water in limit, planting the seedling degree of depth buries to 1-2cm under cotyledonary node and is advisable with Nutrition Soil, in 1-2 days, on minute seedbed, insert arch bar and build little shed overlay film, add a cover straw screen or mat night, close canopy 3-5 days, after slow seedling, enter thermophilic management, 10-15 days low temperature hardenings under 13-15 ℃ of condition gradually before field planting,
(3), field planting
Cultivation field arranges
The high-quality farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed in the front land for growing field crops of field planting in conjunction with whole land, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, soil conditioner 20-30kg, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, the thin leveling of rake again, trench digging bedding, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 15-20cm, and reserve and between the furrow of wide 30-50cm, operate ditch and suitably booth limit is empty, the 7-10 days vexed canopies of scaffolding buckle film before field planting;
In good time transplant planting
In mid or late December, selection has selected varietal characteristic, tool 6-7 sheet true leaf, leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, select successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 33 * 45cm, and irrigate in time normal root water, the flat cave of blinding harmony root, then at furrow face, lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film in the ranks and put seedling, inserting immediately arch bar and build little shed overlay film;
(4), booth management
Vexed canopy 3-5 days after field planting, after slow seedling, suitable aeration-cooling recovery room temperature management, is 25-29 ℃ on daytime in canopy, evening, 15-18 ℃ when the very night, temperature was lower than 8 ℃, added a cover straw screen or mat or nonwoven night on little shed; Along with temperature continues to decline, straw screen or mat should suitably be encrypted, and along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow, fills a 200-300 watt of incandescent lamp in canopy, and illumination and heat are provided; After the beginning of spring, along with the rise gradually of temperature, should suitably ventilate in good time, keep thermophilic management, reduce air humidity in canopy, outside night canopy, during higher than 15 ℃, all will ventilate round the clock; Temperature gos up again later, progressively remove mulch film, canopy film, enters open country management; From door green pepper results, increase water (the selecting carry out fine warm noon) of topdressing, can execute ammonium sulfate 14-16 kilogram by mu, superphosphate 8-22 kilogram, 80 kilograms of ash, topdress and water 2-3 time the full bearing periods, the following side shoot of door green pepper should be erased in time, and extracts the Lao Ye of plant bottom, sick leaf, in order to improve fruit-setting rate, can be with 2 before at 10 o'clock in the morning, 4-D point anthocaulus, concentration is 10-20 mg/kg, with open Hua Weihao on the same day, when point can not be overweight and repeats, in case cause malformed fruit;
Rich water quality management
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, key points such as being held in alive of plant field planting, first fruit phase and the full bearing period is implemented to topdress; General field planting live after every 667 ㎡ canopies ground with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 4-6 kg, chase after tiller fertilizer one time, often gather the full bearing period after twice and topdress once, impose three element compound fertilizer 7-10kg general every 667 ㎡ canopies; In conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, in initial bloom stage to the full bearing period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2% and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 time, in conjunction with the enforcement slight irrigation of topdressing, pour water thoroughly and not steep and be advisable, and topdress pour water after in time ventilation, reduce air humidity in canopy;
(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest
According to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", adhere to take the Harmless control principle of " cultural control, physical control, biological control are as main, and chemical control is auxiliary ";
(6), gather: during the 4-5 month in next year, gather, door fruit and bottom fruit should be gathered as early as possible in good time in batches, gather completely should clean in time rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film.
2. according to the shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the soil conditioner described in step (3) is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, the offcuts 20-25 of food factory, vinasse 3-5, white lime 2-3, potassium humate 8-10, boric acid 5-6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03, manganese sulphate 0.2-0.3, magnesium sulfate 4-5, ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.2, bone meal 8-11, Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide 2-4, peppermint oil 1-2, glycerine 1-2, sucrose ester 0.1-0.3, water is appropriate, by vermiculite power, clay, citric acid adds suitable quantity of water to mix, stir into mud, send into 200-300 ℃ of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4 mm coarse grain, by again with formula in rest materials mix and blend after 40-50 minute, granulation, spraying peppermint oil, dry and get final product,
Described Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide is made by following method: a, take onion 25-35, southern magnolia 2-4, kuh-seng 3-4, India canna leaf 4-6, pomelo peel 4-6, Chinese pulsatilla 6-8, asiatic moonseed 4-6, golden cypress 1-2, tuber of stemona 4-6, betel nut 3-4, alumen 2-3, gall nut 3-4, frutus cnidii 2-4, Fructus meliae toosendan 3-4, the blue 3-4 of mountain villous themeda, water eggplant 2-4, baeckea frutescen 2-4, medical stone powder 2-4, fern root 2-4 by weight; B, onion is gone root peeling to squeeze the juice to filter to obtain Conditions of Onion Juice; C, by remaining herbal raw materials such as southern magnolia, kuh-seng, India canna leaf 4, pomelo peel, the Chinese pulsatillas, mix poach and be boiled into and mix soup juice; D, the mixing soup juice that step (c) is made mix, filter with Conditions of Onion Juice, concentrated, and spraying is dry, then mix with the borneol and grinding of powder weight 1-2%, obtain Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.
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