CN105379524A - Method for planting capsicum annuum in late autumn - Google Patents
Method for planting capsicum annuum in late autumn Download PDFInfo
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- CN105379524A CN105379524A CN201510699542.7A CN201510699542A CN105379524A CN 105379524 A CN105379524 A CN 105379524A CN 201510699542 A CN201510699542 A CN 201510699542A CN 105379524 A CN105379524 A CN 105379524A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting capsicum annuum in late autumn. The method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing a soil conditioner; (2) preparing a specific pesticide; (3) getting ready for facility conditions; (4) selecting seeds and treating the seeds; (5) culturing strong seedlings; (6) conducting planting; (7) conducting cultivation management; and (8) conducting harvest. The method can be used for solving the problem of preventing and treating soil, diseases and pests mainly existing in the capsicum annuum planting process and improving the quality and yield of capsicum annuum output, and is suitable for popularization and application of large-scale vegetable plantation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, particularly a kind of autumn delays the implantation methods of capsicum.
Background technology
Capsicum, Solanaceae, Capsicum.Be 1 year or limited herbaceos perennial.Fruit usually conically or Long Circle, in green during prematurity, becomes cerise, green or purple after maturation, the most common with redness.The fruit of capsicum has pungent because pericarp contains capsaicine, can improve a poor appetite.In capsicum, ascorbic content occupies first in vegetables.Annual or limited perennial plant; High 40-80 centimetre.Stem is near without hair or micro-raw pubescence, and branch is warpage slightly in a zigzag.Leaf alternate, branch top joint does not extend and forms the twin or shape that clusters, avette, the avette or ovum shape lanceolar of square round shape, long 4-13 centimetre, wide 1.5-4 centimetre, Quan Yuan, the short gradually point in top or anxious point, the narrow wedge shape of base portion; The long 4-7 centimetre of petiole.
Along with applying of greenhouse cultivation technique, capsicum becomes the normal dish on dining table throughout the year, the continuous expansion of pepper cultivation area, continuous cropping plantation is very general, especially under booth cultivation condition, the continuous cropping obstacle of capsicum is very serious, disease occurs frequent, causes yield of hot pepper and quality all significantly to decline.Capsicum sequential cropping cultivation usually causes soil nutrient unbalance, and chili growth is obstructed; Soil beneficial microbe population declines, and the quantity of pathogen accumulation increases, and soil infection disease increases the weight of.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the implantation methods that a kind of autumn delays capsicum; solve the main soil of existence and the problem of diseases and pests controlling in pepper planting process; improve the Quality and yield of capsicum output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
For achieving the above object, a kind of autumn of the present invention's proposition delays the implantation methods of capsicum, and it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: wheat stalk 35-45, straw 25-36, cottonseed cake 8-12, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, matrine 0.5-0.8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 11-12, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, Osthole 1-2, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-1.5, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, matrine 0.2-0.6, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 5-7, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 2-3, water 100;
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintaining boiling time 3-6h until percentage by weight datura flower: RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII: felwort: the coptis: purple perilla: thunder godvine: chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium: water is 2:3:3:1:1:3:5:8, now leaches solution and obtains the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, facility condition: with span 4.5m, long 50m ~ 80m, rise two furrow or the span 6.3m of 1.9m, long 50m ~ 60m, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels rising 2.6m are advisable, furrow face is laid two micro-(droplet) in the ranks and is filled with covering with plastic film after flexible pipe, set up the apron film of high 60 ㎝ ~ 80 ㎝ in canopy both sides before winter, in canopy, furrow insert arch bar by spacing 60 ㎝ and build Small plastic shed, cover Small plastic shed film, on Small plastic shed film, straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics is added a cover again time cold, mulch film selects black to press down meadow film, canopy film is advisable with the long-acting high printing opacity height insulation drip fog dispersal multifunctional membrane of white.
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: select kind that is disease-resistant, good stress resistance, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, also ceaselessly 15min is stirred again with boiling hot kind of the hot water of about 55 DEG C, use Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h again, pull the moisture content rubbing dry seeds surface with dry towel out;
Five, nurturing staff:
1, Miao Peng is built in choosing
Seedling canopy size is set by land for growing field crops seedling (containing seedling number for subsequent use) and the scale parameter of seedbed area 10: 1.Select without continuous cropping, physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, implements the field of high-temperature boiling field and vexed canopy process before one month, build seedling raising greenhouse, and the black sunshade net of adding a cover 65% shading rate immediately after overlay film shades in broadcasting first 5 days ~ 7 days, booth both sides are opened wide.
2, bed water filling is done
Use 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, implement rotary tillage, subsequently bedding wide 1.4m after being evenly sprinkled into seedling canopy furrow face by the amount of every one kilogram, ten thousand alms bowl, reason ditch surrounding edge builds groove, makes furrow face form the dark flat shallow slot of about 6cm.The furrow of overdrying are filled with once after eating up water again to the flat furrow of water filling in groove before noon for alms bowl processed.The dose of available 50% soil insecticide 200ml/ ten thousand alms bowl pours in furrow with water to prevent and kill off soil insect.
3, alms bowl is filled with
After pouring water half, spread one deck ash (anti-soil is stained with alms bowl) in furrow face, successively get clay alms bowl (mud monkey) with the soil-block forming device of diameter 6cm, high 8cm in furrow face, and successively native alms bowl is sequenced jam-packed backward, one row's about 20 alms bowl ~ 22 alms bowls, then to alms bowl face water spray, to remove alms bowl top ash.
4, sow
Mu kind of a 60g ~ 80g.Mid or late July is sowed.
In the upper hardwood plate of furrow face load before broadcasting, people stands on it and successively seed is sown into alms bowl cave central authorities.Every alms bowl broadcasts one, and optional two every alms bowls of limit row broadcast two, in order to use of filling the gaps with seedlings in the future.Subsequently with the fine earth lid cave got ready in advance, Tu Boding is made to be little sharp stack.Cover mulch film in bed surface after broadcasting, then on mulch film, add a cover straw screen or mat and beat with water, cover tightly the sunshade net on booth.If do not do anti-soil insect process before this, now admix with 35g soil conditioner and 3g soil insecticide the colza cake propagandized hotly and be spread on limit, seedbed to prevent soil insect.Finally with netting gear, seedling canopy surrounding is impaled, in case the anti-rabbit of the anti-chicken of dog.
7, seedling management
Within general about 5 days, when having 50% to emerge, choosing throws off bed surface covering at dusk.
Time open and flat to cotyledon, take standby seedling with bamboo let and implement to fill the gaps with seedlings to empty alms bowl, and in final singling two days later.After final singling, available 50% tmtd 800 times of liquid or 15% seedling bacterium oppose 1000 times of liquid and are sprayed on bed surface enforcement diseases prevention once.General no longer moisturizing in seedling stage, dryly as seen time dry is especially shown in the little water of wet shot.The harm of burst heavy rain storm wind should be kept a close eye on seedling stage.Horticultural covering film and sunshade net should be pushed into ceiling at calm night, it is cool much more to the greatest extent unlimited booth experiences night by rice shoot.Overcast and rainyly also sunshade net should be pushed into ceiling.
First 5 days of field planting starts to increase gradually takes off canopy and takes off the net time progressively to adapt to the outer high light of canopy, reaches the object of progressively hardening.
Seedling age 25 days ~ 28 days, when seedling amount reaches 6 ~ 8 true leaves, can select a day field planting.
Six, field planting
1, field planting prepares
Cultivation field should rise stubble as early as possible, can deep plough after shining 5 days ~ 7 days again in clean rural area, and water filling 10cm is dark subsequently, utilizes the high-temperature boiling field process that summer high temperature high light is implemented 7 days ~ 10 days.
Namely field planting detains canopy cover net in about front ten days, use through fertilizer 2000-3000kg, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of harmless treatment, soil conditioner 35kg for every mu, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, harrow broken leveling again, trench digging bedding, make wide 1.8m, the cultivating bed of high 15cm ~ 20cm, and operate ditch between the furrow reserving wide 30cm ~ 50cm and booth limit is empty.
2, field planting operation
Mid or late August, select tool varietal characteristic, have 6 ~ 8 true leaves, leaf look dark green, and cane is sturdy, the anosis worm strong sprout that internode is shorter, choosing cloudy day or in the fine day afternoon nearly time-division in evening, opens cave field planting, and water sufficient normal root water in time by 33cm × 45cm seeding row spacing.After work in 3 days ~ 5 days, the more flat cave of root is stopped up in ridging, lays micro-(droplet) in the ranks fill with flexible pipe in furrow face, and covering film also puts seedling in time.
Seven, cultivation management:
1, warm and humid adjustment
The field planting initial stage implements spacious canopy management, and cover net cooling, also should push away film net stormless night to ceiling, allow plant as often as possible experience night cool, be regulated below 30 DEG C by day temperature as far as possible, night temperatures regulates below 20 DEG C as far as possible.Progressively close canopy after late September, enter thermophilic management, and wet down of in good time ventilating.After mid or late October, when the very night, temperature was lower than 13 DEG C, added apron in booth both sides.After mid-November, when the very night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, in booth, added Small plastic shed.After entering December, with mercury dropped, progressively on Small plastic shed film, add a cover the insulation material such as straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics and take off lid at night daytime.Enter the fresh-keeping management in field after late December, straw screen or mat is suitably encrypted.To cover tightly real during cold current, and common light by day of trying one's best, keep a close eye on antifreeze.Along with temperature is progressively gone up after the beginning of spring, suitable ventilation, keep the fresh-keeping management of 5 DEG C ~ 13 DEG C of temperature on the low side, sunshade net should be added a cover outside booth after late Febuary, early March, intercept high light, to keep the fresh-keeping environments cooled of relative equilibrium in canopy, as cloudy weather for several days running during this, can in implementing to ventilate in a small amount to the inner side of Small plastic shed in booth at night, in case plant disease epidemic, decayed fruit are increased.
2, Illumination adjusting
The field planting initial stage answers cover net to shade, but overcast and rainyly should push net to ceiling, and field planting is progressively removed after 10 days ~ 15 days.The full-bloom stage of mid or late September should push away film to ceiling in calm sky and cloudy day as far as possible, with as far as possible photosensitive, and anti-excessive growth, short setting.Survive the winter fresh-keeping management phase, particularly cloudy weather for several days running sky, the assurance of lid time should be taken off by straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible.Curtain in outer net is then substantially kept to cover, to keep the fresh-keeping environments of the low humidity that cools of relative equilibrium in canopy after getting warm again after a cold spell the beginning of spring.
3, rich water is planned strategies for
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, the field planting of holding plant is lived, just fruit phase, swollen fruit mid-term etc. key point, fill with enforcement in conjunction with micro-(droplet) and topdress, general field planting to live after every 666.7m
2a tiller fertilizer is chased after, just fruit phase and swollen fruit every 666.7m in mid-term with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5kg ~ 6kg
2topdress with 10kg ~ 15kg high-quality water soluble composite fertilizer implementation focus respectively.In conjunction with the control of damage by disease and insect, in the florescence to the full bearing period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2% and each 1-2 time of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%.Pour water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and timely ventilation after pouring water, to reduce canopy humidity.
4, Plant adjustment
After plant just fruit, prune in conjunction with sparse branching, interleave a 40cm higher primary school bamboo bar, with lodging-prevention at every strain wooden fork.When adding Small plastic shed, pull out plug in pole, and thin leaf is pinched, is revealed and really see light in time.Extract door fruit and low level fruit as early as possible.
5, diseases and pests controlling
To the first Honoka period in bud after field planting, use second insecticide of 15-25% to spray plant trunk, within every 7-12 days, spray once; First Honoka is open between fruiting period, uses second insecticide of 22-35% to spray plant leaf and petal, within every 2-3 days, sprays once; Between result to picking time, use second insecticide of 12-18% to spray plant trunk and flowers and fruits, within every 2 days, spray once; Meanwhile, can adopt silverskin repellent, fly net intercepts, and colour table is trapped and killed, and the conventional meanses such as light trap carry out disinsection prophylaxis.
Eight, gather
In the last ten-days period between April in late December to next year, according to the market demand and transport road distance, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and should secondary pollution be avoided in transport process.
Gather and completely should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film in time, and use soil conditioner, soil insecticide processes farmland, every 667m
2cultivation field uses soil conditioner 100-120kg, soil insecticide 3kg, and agribusiness, the cooperative transformation of agriculture are organized and also should be completed and improve omnidistance No-harmful apple orchard record and statistics in time and to put on record work, and typing quality tracing system in time.
A kind of autumn proposed by the invention delays the implantation methods of capsicum, and solve the problem of the main soil that exists and diseases and pests controlling in pepper planting process, improve the Quality and yield of capsicum output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Embodiment
Autumn delays the implantation methods of capsicum, and it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: wheat stalk 35-45, straw 25-36, cottonseed cake 8-12, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, matrine 0.5-0.8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 11-12, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, Osthole 1-2, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-1.5, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, matrine 0.2-0.6, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 5-7, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 2-3, water 100;
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintaining boiling time 3-6h until percentage by weight datura flower: RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII: felwort: the coptis: purple perilla: thunder godvine: chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium: water is 2:3:3:1:1:3:5:8, now leaches solution and obtains the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, facility condition: with span 4.5m, long 50m ~ 80m, rise two furrow or the span 6.3m of 1.9m, long 50m ~ 60m, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels rising 2.6m are advisable, furrow face is laid two micro-(droplet) in the ranks and is filled with covering with plastic film after flexible pipe, set up the apron film of high 60 ㎝ ~ 80 ㎝ in canopy both sides before winter, in canopy, furrow insert arch bar by spacing 60 ㎝ and build Small plastic shed, cover Small plastic shed film, on Small plastic shed film, straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics is added a cover again time cold, mulch film selects black to press down meadow film, canopy film is advisable with the long-acting high printing opacity height insulation drip fog dispersal multifunctional membrane of white.
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: select kind that is disease-resistant, good stress resistance, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, also ceaselessly 15min is stirred again with boiling hot kind of the hot water of about 55 DEG C, use Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h again, pull the moisture content rubbing dry seeds surface with dry towel out;
Five, nurturing staff:
1, Miao Peng is built in choosing
Seedling canopy size is set by land for growing field crops seedling (containing seedling number for subsequent use) and the scale parameter of seedbed area 10: 1.Select without continuous cropping, physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, implements the field of high-temperature boiling field and vexed canopy process before one month, build seedling raising greenhouse, and the black sunshade net of adding a cover 65% shading rate immediately after overlay film shades in broadcasting first 5 days ~ 7 days, booth both sides are opened wide.
2, bed water filling is done
Use 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, implement rotary tillage, subsequently bedding wide 1.4m after being evenly sprinkled into seedling canopy furrow face by the amount of every one kilogram, ten thousand alms bowl, reason ditch surrounding edge builds groove, makes furrow face form the dark flat shallow slot of about 6cm.The furrow of overdrying are filled with once after eating up water again to the flat furrow of water filling in groove before noon for alms bowl processed.The dose of available 50% soil insecticide 200ml/ ten thousand alms bowl pours in furrow with water to prevent and kill off soil insect.
3, alms bowl is filled with
After pouring water half, spread one deck ash (anti-soil is stained with alms bowl) in furrow face, successively get clay alms bowl (mud monkey) with the soil-block forming device of diameter 6cm, high 8cm in furrow face, and successively native alms bowl is sequenced jam-packed backward, one row's about 20 alms bowl ~ 22 alms bowls, then to alms bowl face water spray, to remove alms bowl top ash.
4, sow
Mu kind of a 60g ~ 80g.Mid or late July is sowed.
In the upper hardwood plate of furrow face load before broadcasting, people stands on it and successively seed is sown into alms bowl cave central authorities.Every alms bowl broadcasts one, and optional two every alms bowls of limit row broadcast two, in order to use of filling the gaps with seedlings in the future.Subsequently with the fine earth lid cave got ready in advance, Tu Boding is made to be little sharp stack.Cover mulch film in bed surface after broadcasting, then on mulch film, add a cover straw screen or mat and beat with water, cover tightly the sunshade net on booth.If do not do anti-soil insect process before this, now admix with 35g soil conditioner and 3g soil insecticide the colza cake propagandized hotly and be spread on limit, seedbed to prevent soil insect.Finally with netting gear, seedling canopy surrounding is impaled, in case the anti-rabbit of the anti-chicken of dog.
7, seedling management
Within general about 5 days, when having 50% to emerge, choosing throws off bed surface covering at dusk.
Time open and flat to cotyledon, take standby seedling with bamboo let and implement to fill the gaps with seedlings to empty alms bowl, and in final singling two days later.After final singling, available 50% tmtd 800 times of liquid or 15% seedling bacterium oppose 1000 times of liquid and are sprayed on bed surface enforcement diseases prevention once.General no longer moisturizing in seedling stage, dryly as seen time dry is especially shown in the little water of wet shot.The harm of burst heavy rain storm wind should be kept a close eye on seedling stage.Horticultural covering film and sunshade net should be pushed into ceiling at calm night, it is cool much more to the greatest extent unlimited booth experiences night by rice shoot.Overcast and rainyly also sunshade net should be pushed into ceiling.
First 5 days of field planting starts to increase gradually takes off canopy and takes off the net time progressively to adapt to the outer high light of canopy, reaches the object of progressively hardening.
Seedling age 25 days ~ 28 days, when seedling amount reaches 6 ~ 8 true leaves, can select a day field planting.
Six, field planting
1, field planting prepares
Cultivation field should rise stubble as early as possible, can deep plough after shining 5 days ~ 7 days again in clean rural area, and water filling 10cm is dark subsequently, utilizes the high-temperature boiling field process that summer high temperature high light is implemented 7 days ~ 10 days.
Namely field planting detains canopy cover net in about front ten days, use through fertilizer 2000-3000kg, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of harmless treatment, soil conditioner 35kg for every mu, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, harrow broken leveling again, trench digging bedding, make wide 1.8m, the cultivating bed of high 15cm ~ 20cm, and operate ditch between the furrow reserving wide 30cm ~ 50cm and booth limit is empty.
2, field planting operation
Mid or late August, select tool varietal characteristic, have 6 ~ 8 true leaves, leaf look dark green, and cane is sturdy, the anosis worm strong sprout that internode is shorter, choosing cloudy day or in the fine day afternoon nearly time-division in evening, opens cave field planting, and water sufficient normal root water in time by 33cm × 45cm seeding row spacing.After work in 3 days ~ 5 days, the more flat cave of root is stopped up in ridging, lays micro-(droplet) in the ranks fill with flexible pipe in furrow face, and covering film also puts seedling in time.
Seven, cultivation management:
1, warm and humid adjustment
The field planting initial stage implements spacious canopy management, and cover net cooling, also should push away film net stormless night to ceiling, allow plant as often as possible experience night cool, be regulated below 30 DEG C by day temperature as far as possible, night temperatures regulates below 20 DEG C as far as possible.Progressively close canopy after late September, enter thermophilic management, and wet down of in good time ventilating.After mid or late October, when the very night, temperature was lower than 13 DEG C, added apron in booth both sides.After mid-November, when the very night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, in booth, added Small plastic shed.After entering December, with mercury dropped, progressively on Small plastic shed film, add a cover the insulation material such as straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics and take off lid at night daytime.Enter the fresh-keeping management in field after late December, straw screen or mat is suitably encrypted.To cover tightly real during cold current, and common light by day of trying one's best, keep a close eye on antifreeze.Along with temperature is progressively gone up after the beginning of spring, suitable ventilation, keep the fresh-keeping management of 5 DEG C ~ 13 DEG C of temperature on the low side, sunshade net should be added a cover outside booth after late Febuary, early March, intercept high light, to keep the fresh-keeping environments cooled of relative equilibrium in canopy, as cloudy weather for several days running during this, can in implementing to ventilate in a small amount to the inner side of Small plastic shed in booth at night, in case plant disease epidemic, decayed fruit are increased.
2, Illumination adjusting
The field planting initial stage answers cover net to shade, but overcast and rainyly should push net to ceiling, and field planting is progressively removed after 10 days ~ 15 days.The full-bloom stage of mid or late September should push away film to ceiling in calm sky and cloudy day as far as possible, with as far as possible photosensitive, and anti-excessive growth, short setting.Survive the winter fresh-keeping management phase, particularly cloudy weather for several days running sky, the assurance of lid time should be taken off by straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible.Curtain in outer net is then substantially kept to cover, to keep the fresh-keeping environments of the low humidity that cools of relative equilibrium in canopy after getting warm again after a cold spell the beginning of spring.
3, rich water is planned strategies for
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, the field planting of holding plant is lived, just fruit phase, swollen fruit mid-term etc. key point, fill with enforcement in conjunction with micro-(droplet) and topdress, general field planting to live after every 666.7m
2a tiller fertilizer is chased after, just fruit phase and swollen fruit every 666.7m in mid-term with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5kg ~ 6kg
2topdress with 10kg ~ 15kg high-quality water soluble composite fertilizer implementation focus respectively.In conjunction with the control of damage by disease and insect, in the florescence to the full bearing period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2% and each 1-2 time of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%.Pour water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and timely ventilation after pouring water, to reduce canopy humidity.
4, Plant adjustment
After plant just fruit, prune in conjunction with sparse branching, interleave a 40cm higher primary school bamboo bar, with lodging-prevention at every strain wooden fork.When adding Small plastic shed, pull out plug in pole, and thin leaf is pinched, is revealed and really see light in time.Extract door fruit and low level fruit as early as possible.
5, diseases and pests controlling
To the first Honoka period in bud after field planting, use second insecticide of 15-25% to spray plant trunk, within every 7-12 days, spray once; First Honoka is open between fruiting period, uses second insecticide of 22-35% to spray plant leaf and petal, within every 2-3 days, sprays once; Between result to picking time, use second insecticide of 12-18% to spray plant trunk and flowers and fruits, within every 2 days, spray once; Meanwhile, can adopt silverskin repellent, fly net intercepts, and colour table is trapped and killed, and the conventional meanses such as light trap carry out disinsection prophylaxis.
Eight, gather
In the last ten-days period between April in late December to next year, according to the market demand and transport road distance, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and should secondary pollution be avoided in transport process.
Gather and completely should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film in time, and use soil conditioner, soil insecticide processes farmland, every 667m
2cultivation field uses soil conditioner 100-120kg, soil insecticide 3kg, and agribusiness, the cooperative transformation of agriculture are organized and also should be completed and improve omnidistance No-harmful apple orchard record and statistics in time and to put on record work, and typing quality tracing system in time.
A kind of autumn proposed by the invention delays the implantation methods of capsicum, and solve the problem of the main soil that exists and diseases and pests controlling in pepper planting process, improve the Quality and yield of capsicum output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Claims (3)
1. the autumn delays an implantation methods for capsicum, and it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: wheat stalk 35-45, straw 25-36, cottonseed cake 8-12, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, matrine 0.5-0.8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 11-12, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, Osthole 1-2, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-1.5, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, matrine 0.2-0.6, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 5-7, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 2-3, water 100;
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintaining boiling time 3-6h until percentage by weight datura flower: RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII: felwort: the coptis: purple perilla: thunder godvine: chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium: water is 2:3:3:1:1:3:5:8, now leaches solution and obtains the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, facility condition: with span 4.5m, long 50m ~ 80m, rise two furrow or the span 6.3m of 1.9m, long 50m ~ 60m, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels rising 2.6m are advisable, furrow face is laid two micro-(droplet) in the ranks and is filled with covering with plastic film after flexible pipe, set up the apron film of high 60 ㎝ ~ 80 ㎝ in canopy both sides before winter, in canopy, furrow insert arch bar by spacing 60 ㎝ and build Small plastic shed, cover Small plastic shed film, on Small plastic shed film, straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics is added a cover again time cold, mulch film selects black to press down meadow film, canopy film is the long-acting high printing opacity height insulation drip fog dispersal multifunctional membrane of white,
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: select kind that is disease-resistant, good stress resistance, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, also ceaselessly 15min is stirred again with boiling hot kind of the hot water of about 55 DEG C, use Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h again, pull the moisture content rubbing dry seeds surface with dry towel out;
Five, nurturing staff:
1, Miao Peng is built in choosing
Seedling canopy size is set by land for growing field crops seedling (containing seedling number for subsequent use) and the scale parameter of seedbed area 10: 1, select without continuous cropping, physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the field of high-temperature boiling field and vexed canopy process was implemented before one month, seedling raising greenhouse is built in broadcasting first 5 days ~ 7 days, and the black sunshade net of adding a cover 65% shading rate immediately after overlay film shades, booth both sides are opened wide;
2, bed water filling is done
Use 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, rotary tillage is implemented after being evenly sprinkled into seedling canopy furrow face by the amount of every one kilogram, ten thousand alms bowl, the wide 1.4m of bedding subsequently, reason ditch surrounding edge builds groove, furrow face is made to form the dark flat shallow slot of about 6cm, the furrow of overdrying are filled with once after eating up water again, and the dose of available 50% soil insecticide 200ml/ ten thousand alms bowl pours in furrow with water to prevent and kill off soil insect to the flat furrow of water filling in groove before noon for alms bowl processed;
3, alms bowl is filled with
After pouring water half, spread one deck ash (anti-soil is stained with alms bowl) in furrow face, successively get clay alms bowl (mud monkey) with the soil-block forming device of diameter 6cm, high 8cm in furrow face, and successively native alms bowl is sequenced jam-packed backward, one row's about 20 alms bowl ~ 22 alms bowls, then to alms bowl face water spray, to remove alms bowl top ash;
4, sow
Mu kind of a 60g ~ 80g, mid or late July is sowed;
In the upper hardwood plate of furrow face load before broadcasting, people stands on it and successively seed is sown into alms bowl cave central authorities, every alms bowl broadcasts one, optional two every alms bowls of limit row broadcast two, in order to use of filling the gaps with seedlings in the future, subsequently with the fine earth lid cave got ready in advance, Tu Boding is made to be little sharp stack, mulch film is covered in bed surface after broadcasting, on mulch film, add a cover straw screen or mat again and beat with water, cover tightly the sunshade net on booth, if do not do anti-soil insect process before this, now admix with 35g soil conditioner and 3g soil insecticide the colza cake propagandized hotly and be spread on limit, seedbed to prevent soil insect, finally with netting gear, seedling canopy surrounding is impaled, in case the anti-rabbit of the anti-chicken of dog,
7, seedling management
Within general about 5 days, when having 50% to emerge, choosing throws off bed surface covering at dusk;
Time open and flat to cotyledon, take standby seedling with bamboo let to implement to fill the gaps with seedlings to empty alms bowl, and in final singling two days later, after final singling, available 50% tmtd 800 times of liquid or 15% seedling bacterium oppose 1000 times of liquid and are sprayed on bed surface and implement diseases prevention once, and seedling stage is no longer moisturizing generally, dryly as seen time dry especially sees the little water of wet shot, the harm of burst heavy rain storm wind should be kept a close eye on seedling stage, horticultural covering film and sunshade net should be pushed into ceiling at calm night, to the greatest extent to experience night cool more by rice shoot to open wide booth, overcast and rainyly also sunshade net should be pushed into ceiling;
First 5 days of field planting starts to increase gradually takes off canopy and takes off the net time progressively to adapt to the outer high light of canopy, reaches the object of progressively hardening;
Seedling age 25 days ~ 28 days, when seedling amount reaches 6 ~ 8 true leaves, can select a day field planting;
Six, field planting
1, field planting prepares
Cultivation field should rise stubble as early as possible, can deep plough after shining 5 days ~ 7 days again in clean rural area, and water filling 10cm is dark subsequently, utilizes the high-temperature boiling field process that summer high temperature high light is implemented 7 days ~ 10 days;
Namely field planting detains canopy cover net in about front ten days, use through fertilizer 2000-3000kg, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of harmless treatment, soil conditioner 35kg for every mu, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, harrow broken leveling again, trench digging bedding, make wide 1.8m, the cultivating bed of high 15cm ~ 20cm, and operate ditch between the furrow reserving wide 30cm ~ 50cm and booth limit is empty;
2, field planting operation
Mid or late August, select tool varietal characteristic, have 6 ~ 8 true leaves, leaf look dark green, cane is sturdy, the anosis worm strong sprout that internode is shorter, choosing cloudy day or in the fine day afternoon nearly time-division in evening, cave field planting is opened by 33cm × 45cm seeding row spacing, and water sufficient normal root water in time, after work in 3 days ~ 5 days, the more flat cave of root is stopped up in ridging, lay micro-(droplet) in furrow face in the ranks and fill with flexible pipe, covering film also puts seedling in time;
Seven, cultivation management:
1, Illumination adjusting
The field planting initial stage answers cover net to shade, but overcast and rainyly should to push net to ceiling, field planting is progressively removed after 10 days ~ 15 days, the full-bloom stage of mid or late September should push away film to ceiling in calm sky and cloudy day as far as possible, with as far as possible photosensitive, anti-excessive growth, short setting, survive the winter the fresh-keeping management phase, particularly cloudy weather for several days running sky, the assurance of lid time should be taken off by straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible, curtain in outer net is then substantially kept to cover, to keep the fresh-keeping environments of the low humidity that cools of relative equilibrium in canopy after getting warm again after a cold spell the beginning of spring;
2, rich water is planned strategies for
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, the field planting of holding plant is lived, just fruit phase, swollen fruit mid-term etc. key point, fill with enforcement in conjunction with micro-(droplet) and topdress, general field planting to live after every 666.7m
2a tiller fertilizer is chased after, just fruit phase and swollen fruit every 666.7m in mid-term with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5kg ~ 6kg
2topdress, in conjunction with the control of damage by disease and insect, in the florescence to the full bearing period with 10kg ~ 15kg high-quality water soluble composite fertilizer implementation focus respectively, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2% and each 1-2 time of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%, pour water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and timely ventilation after pouring water, to reduce canopy humidity;
3, Plant adjustment
After plant just fruit, prune in conjunction with sparse branching, interleaving a 40cm higher primary school bamboo bar at every strain wooden fork, with lodging-prevention, when adding Small plastic shed, pulling out plug in pole, and thin leaf is pinched, revealed and really see light in time, extract door fruit and low level fruit as early as possible;
4, diseases and pests controlling
Adopt silverskin repellent, fly net intercepts, and colour table is trapped and killed, and the conventional meanses such as light trap carry out disinsection prophylaxis;
Eight, gather
In the last ten-days period between April in late December to next year, according to the market demand and transport road distance, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and should secondary pollution be avoided in transport process;
Gather and completely should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film in time, and use soil conditioner, soil insecticide processes farmland, every 667m
2cultivation field uses soil conditioner 100-120kg, soil insecticide 3kg, and agribusiness, the cooperative transformation of agriculture are organized and also should be completed and improve omnidistance No-harmful apple orchard record and statistics in time and to put on record work, and typing quality tracing system in time.
2. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 delays the implantation methods of capsicum, it is characterized in that cultivation management also comprises warm and humid adjustment, the field planting initial stage implements spacious canopy management, and cover net cooling, also should push away film net stormless night to ceiling, plant is allowed as often as possible to experience night cool, day temperature is regulated below 30 DEG C as far as possible, night temperatures regulates below 20 DEG C as far as possible, progressively canopy is closed after late September, enter thermophilic management, and wet down of in good time ventilating, after mid or late October, when the very night, temperature was lower than 13 DEG C, apron is added in booth both sides, after mid-November, when the very night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, Small plastic shed is added in booth, after entering December, with mercury dropped, progressively on Small plastic shed film, add a cover the insulation material such as straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics and take off lid at night daytime, the fresh-keeping management in field is entered after late December, straw screen or mat is suitably encrypted, to cover tightly real during cold current, and common light by day of trying one's best, keep a close eye on antifreeze, along with temperature is progressively gone up after the beginning of spring, suitable ventilation, keep the fresh-keeping management of 5 DEG C ~ 13 DEG C of temperature on the low side, late Febuary, sunshade net should be added a cover outside booth after early March, intercept high light, to keep the fresh-keeping environments cooled of relative equilibrium in canopy, as cloudy weather for several days running during this, can in implementing to ventilate in a small amount to the inner side of Small plastic shed in booth at night, in case plant disease epidemic, decayed fruit is increased.
3. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 delays the implantation methods of capsicum, it is characterized in that diseases and pests controlling also comprises the scientific use of the second insecticide, to the first Honoka period in bud after field planting, use second insecticide of 15-25% to spray plant trunk, within every 7-12 days, spray once; First Honoka is open between fruiting period, uses second insecticide of 22-35% to spray plant leaf and petal, within every 2-3 days, sprays once; Between result to picking time, use second insecticide of 12-18% to spray plant trunk and flowers and fruits, within every 2 days, spray once.
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| CN106034628A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 马鞍山市国华农业发展有限公司 | High-yielding planting method for capsicum |
| CN106386082A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 湖南新泰和绿色农业集团有限公司 | Tree-hanging fresh-keeping and overwintering regeneration plantation method for autumn delayed capsicum |
| CN108307951A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-07-24 | 武汉友芹种苗技术有限公司 | A kind of autumn delays efficient pepper cultivation method |
| CN108782060A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-13 | 霍山县映山红农业科技有限公司 | A kind of autumn delays the high yield cultivating method of capsicum |
| CN114208609A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-03-22 | 新疆天椒红安农业科技有限责任公司 | High-yield cultivation method for hot peppers |
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