CN105210644A - A kind of autumn delays the implantation methods of tomato - Google Patents
A kind of autumn delays the implantation methods of tomato Download PDFInfo
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- CN105210644A CN105210644A CN201510696922.5A CN201510696922A CN105210644A CN 105210644 A CN105210644 A CN 105210644A CN 201510696922 A CN201510696922 A CN 201510696922A CN 105210644 A CN105210644 A CN 105210644A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses the implantation methods that a kind of autumn delays tomato, it comprises the steps: one, prepares soil conditioner; Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared; Three, facility condition; Four, seed selection and seed treatment; Five, nurturing staff; Six, field planting; Seven, cultivation management; Eight, gather.A kind of autumn proposed by the invention delays the implantation methods of tomato, and solve the problem of the main soil that exists and diseases and pests controlling in tomato planting process, improve the Quality and yield of tomato output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, particularly a kind of autumn delays the implantation methods of tomato.
Background technology
Tomato (Tomato), another name tomato, tomato, ancient name persimmon in June, report of good news ternary.Originate in South America.Fruits nutrition enriches, tool flavour.There is weight-reducing, dispelling fatigue, improve a poor appetite, improve digestion to protein, reduce the effects such as gasteremphraxis dyspepsia.When eating tomato dietotherapy fat-reducing, the herbaceous plant that tomato (tomato) is product with ripe succulence berry.Every 100 grams of fresh fruit moisture contents about 94 grams, 2.5 ~ 3.8 grams, carbohydrate, 0.6 ~ 1.2 gram, protein, Catergen 0 ~ 30 milligram, and carotin, mineral salt, organic acid etc.
Along with applying of greenhouse cultivation technique, tomato becomes the normal dish on dining table throughout the year, the continuous expansion of tomato cultivation area, continuous cropping plantation is very general, especially under booth cultivation condition, the continuous cropping obstacle of tomato is very serious, disease occurs frequent, causes tomato yield and quality all significantly to decline.Tomato sequential cropping cultivation usually causes soil nutrient unbalance, and tomato growth is obstructed; Soil beneficial microbe population declines, and the quantity of pathogen accumulation increases, and soil infection disease increases the weight of.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the implantation methods that a kind of autumn delays tomato; solve the main soil of existence and the problem of diseases and pests controlling in tomato planting process; improve the Quality and yield of tomato output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
For achieving the above object, a kind of autumn of the present invention's proposition delays the implantation methods of tomato, and it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: wheat stalk 35-45, straw 25-36, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, matrine 0.5-0.8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, Osthole 1-3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, citric acid 3-4, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100;
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintaining boiling time 3-6h until percentage by weight datura flower: RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII: felwort: the coptis: purple perilla: thunder godvine: chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium: water is 2:3:3:1:1:3:5:8, now leaches solution and obtains the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, facility condition: with span 4.5 meters, long 50-60 rice, rise two furrow of 1.9 meters or span 6.3 meters, 60-80 rice, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels of rising 2.6 meters are advisable, covering with plastic film after two micro-irrigation flexible pipes is laid in furrow face, the apron film of high 60-80 ㎝ is set up in canopy both sides, in canopy, furrow insert arch bar by spacing 60 ㎝ and build Small plastic shed, need to cover Small plastic shed film, straw screen or mat gradually according to temperature treatment again, mulch film is with white without dripping as well, and canopy film is advisable without dripping long-lived high insulation multifunctional membrane with white.
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: select kind that is disease-resistant, good stress resistance, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, also ceaselessly 15min is stirred again with boiling hot kind of the hot water of about 55 DEG C, use Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h again, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, can sow;
Five, nurturing staff:
1, nutritive soil preparation
Generally in broadcasting front 1-2 month, do not plant the field soil of solanaceous crops, 30-40% through the proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of harmless treatment by 60-70%, every lm
3add 2-3kg superphosphate or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium again in Nutrition Soil, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
2, Miao Peng is built in choosing
Seedling canopy size is set by land for growing field crops seedling (containing seedling number for subsequent use) and the scale parameter of seedbed area 10: 1.Select without continuous cropping, physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, implements the field of the vexed canopy of high temperature before one month, builds seedling raising greenhouse in broadcasting first 5 days ~ 7 days, and the black sunshade net of adding a cover 65% shading rate immediately after button canopy shades, canopy both sides open wide.
3, bed water filling is done
Use 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, implement rotary tillage, subsequently bedding wide 1.4m after being evenly sprinkled into seedling canopy furrow face by the amount of every one kilogram, ten thousand alms bowl, reason ditch surrounding edge builds groove, makes furrow face form the dark flat shallow slot of about 6cm.The furrow of overdrying are filled with once after eating up water again to the flat furrow of water filling in groove before noon for alms bowl processed.The dose of available 50% soil insecticide 200ml/ ten thousand alms bowl pours in furrow with water to prevent and kill off soil insect.
4, alms bowl is filled with
After pouring water half, spread one deck ash (anti-soil is stained with alms bowl) in furrow face, successively get clay alms bowl (mud monkey) with the soil-block forming device of diameter 6cm, high 8cm in furrow face, and successively native alms bowl is sequenced jam-packed, row's about 20 alms bowl ~ 22 alms bowls.
5, seedbed prepares
Every 667m
2cultivation field need sow seedbed 8-10 ㎡, sowing seedbed should before nursery 3-5 days, take seedling raising greenhouse and buckle film adds a cover sunshade net, clean out a drain, make the high furrow of wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10c-15cm with Nutrition Soil, carefully harrow leveling, before sowing, water vola water.
3-5 days before point seedling, builds point seedling booth and buckle film adds a cover sunshade net in time, and furrow face in leveling canopy, pours into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube cover of about 10cm × 10cm and put in furrow face, often arranges 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered arrangement, squeezes sternly, every 667m
2cultivation field need about 4500, alms bowl processed, and point seedling canopy is about 1:10 with the area ratio of cultivation canopy.Or adopt the cave dish of 32-50 cave/dish, sequence in furrow face after filling organic substrate, make permeable rear preparation score seedling.
6, sow
Sowing time late June-July early and middle ten days.
Every 667m
2cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g.
Adopt cover alms bowl method and point disk seedling growing, first water sprayed Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, and prior to seeding after thick with the prior nutritional drugs soil underlay upper cover 1cm prepared by every square meter seedbed 35g soil conditioner and 3g soil insecticide.The nursery of employing mud monkey method, first to alms bowl face water spray, to remove alms bowl top ash, then become little point to pile with the prior nutritional drugs soil prepared by every square meter 5g50% tmtd in alms bowl top cover.After lid has been planted, seedbed covering with plastic film, then add a cover wet straw screen or mat.
7, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, remove mulch film and the straw screen or mat of bed surface covering.
The black sunshade net of fine day about 9:00, plastic house sunshade rate 65-70 ﹪, canopy both sides open wide, and implement large ventilating management.About 17:00 pushes net and rolls in ceiling.Keep nursery soil moistening, water with thin eye watering can in time sooner or later cooling during lack of water.The general early stage of mud monkey method nursery need not water, can suitably moisturizing during later stage overdrying.
When calendar seedling age 12-15 days, tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, after the fine day 16:00 or overcast and rainy whole day divide seedling, limit lifting, limit are transplanted, water in limit, plant the seedling degree of depth and bury 1-2cm to cotyledonary node with Nutrition Soil and be advisable.On point seedbed, slotting arch bar is added a cover straw screen or mat and is shaded in 1-2 days, removes after surviving night.Divide seedling canopy to continue to keep sunshade overlay management daytime, shorten Shading time gradually, suitable hardening.Temperature of shed strives controlling less than 28 DEG C, night less than 20 DEG C by day.Point disk seedling growing should in time moisturizing in time sooner or later cooling after transplanting seedlings, and allows cave coil mesostroma all the time and keeps moistening.
Six, field planting
1, field planting prepares
Cultivation field should rise stubble as early as possible, deep ploughs behind clean rural area, and before field planting, deep ploughing is thin again harrows, and rake is ploughed in combination, every 667m
2use through fertilizer 2000-3000kg, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of harmless treatment, soil conditioner 35kg, loam mixes, harrow broken leveling, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8m, high 15-20cm, between furrow, reserve the operation ditch of wide 30-40cm simultaneously, use first insecticide of 2% to treat field planting evenly to spray strong sprout, the 7-10 days vexed canopies of scaffolding buckle film before field planting.
2, field planting operation
In early and middle ten days in January mid or late December to next year, selection has this varietal characteristic, tool 5-7 sheet true leaf, and leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, select successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 30cm × 45cm, and irrigate normal root water in time, the more flat cave of harmony root of earthing up.Last lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film put seedling in the ranks in furrow face, insert arch bar subsequently and build Small plastic shed and overlay film.
Seven, cultivation management:
1, warm and humid adjustment
The high temperature period after field planting, canopy both sides open wide, and implement large ventilating management, and in booth, daytime temperature strives regulating below 30 DEG C, during higher than 30 DEG C, should cover straw screen or mat outward or sunshade net is suitably lowered the temperature in canopy; Night, temperature strove regulating below 20 DEG C, film net will be pushed away the calm evening without rain and roll in ceiling, make plant fully experience night cool.Along with the decline gradually of environmental temperature, in mid or late October, set up 60-80cm apron film in booth both sides successively, and progress in good time little ventilation and close canopy management.When nocturnal temperature is lower than 13 DEG C, set up Small plastic shed in booth and buckle film; When night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, Small plastic shed also should add a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics, and suitably ventilate in good time, reduce air humidity in canopy.
2, Illumination adjusting
In conjunction with the adjustment of the environmental condition such as temperature, humidity, plan as a whole regulating illumination condition, guarantee the light application time of necessity every day as far as possible.Early stage, the High temperature period, should note suitably shading in good time, prevented generation really of burning the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency and day; The cold period in later stage, overcast and rainy especially continuously, the control of lid time should be taken off by straw screen or mat, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible.
3, rich water is planned strategies for
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, be held in plant field planting to live after, just the fruit key point such as phase and swollen fruit phase implement to topdress.After alive of general field planting, every 667 ㎡ canopies ground impose a tiller fertilizer with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5-6kg; Two fringes fruits are shaped afterwards and swollen fruit respectively chases after once swollen fruit fertilizer, general each every 667m mid-term
2execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10-15kg.In conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, mend in initial bloom stage blade face and execute the boron fertilizer of 0.2% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time of 0.2%.According to weather and field water holding situation, in swollen fruit, just mid-term, blade face benefit executed 1% superphosphate leachate 1-2 time.Watering in conjunction with topdressing, pouring water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after ventilation in time, reduce air humidity in canopy.Fruit enters green ripe stage and namely controls water control fertilizer.
4, Plant adjustment
Before plant height 25-30cm, ground floor inflorescence are open, insert in Rhizosphere Soil near plant trunk with height about 45cm thin bamboo, then save the binding of soft cord together under every fringe fruit, and arrange fruit ear in time.
Training is gone alone in general enforcement, and stay fruit failure to consider one dry half or other training types again, side shoot is extractd in time, after staying fruit 2-3 fringe, above the flower fringe of stem top, stays the pinching of 1-2 sheet leaf.In good time excision base portion is old, yellow, sick leaf, and takes out of and focus on.
5, Hua Liuguo is protected
After a Honoka has 2-3 opening; select safe plant growth regulator to go bail for this sequence flower and spend process; as with 0.11% rich dose of No. two aqua (8ml/ bag); according to 20 DEG C, 20-25 DEG C and more than 25 DEG C three temperature sections; one bag is watered 0.6kg, 0.75kg and 1.0kg respectively and makes treatment fluid and carry out dipping in flower or spraying decoration; treatment fluid is equipped with red pigment before treatment, to leave mark after process, avoids reprocessing.
When fixed of fruit ear, when fruit footpath reaches 1cm, 2-3 fruit is stayed in the first ear selection, and 3-4 fruit is stayed in the every ear selection in top, and extracts sick fruit, malformed fruit and unnecessary flowers and fruits as early as possible.
6, diseases and pests controlling
To the first Honoka period in bud after field planting, use second insecticide of 15-25% to spray plant trunk, within every 7-12 days, spray once; First Honoka is open between fruiting period, uses second insecticide of 22-35% to spray plant leaf and petal, within every 2-3 days, sprays once; Between result to picking time, use second insecticide of 12-18% to spray plant trunk and flowers and fruits, within every 2 days, spray once; Meanwhile, can adopt silverskin repellent, fly net intercepts, and colour table is trapped and killed, and the conventional meanses such as light trap carry out disinsection prophylaxis.
Eight, gather
During December ~ February in next year, according to the market demand and transport road distance, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and should secondary pollution be avoided in transport process.
Gather and completely should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film in time, and use soil conditioner, soil insecticide processes farmland, every 667m
2cultivation field uses soil conditioner 100-120kg, soil insecticide 3kg, and agribusiness, the cooperative transformation of agriculture are organized and also should be completed and improve omnidistance No-harmful apple orchard record and statistics in time and to put on record work, and typing quality tracing system in time.
A kind of autumn proposed by the invention delays the implantation methods of tomato, and solve the problem of the main soil that exists and diseases and pests controlling in tomato planting process, improve the Quality and yield of tomato output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Embodiment
Autumn delays the implantation methods of tomato, and it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: wheat stalk 35-45, straw 25-36, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, matrine 0.5-0.8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, Osthole 1-3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, citric acid 3-4, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100;
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintaining boiling time 3-6h until percentage by weight datura flower: RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII: felwort: the coptis: purple perilla: thunder godvine: chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium: water is 2:3:3:1:1:3:5:8, now leaches solution and obtains the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, facility condition: with span 4.5 meters, long 50-60 rice, rise two furrow of 1.9 meters or span 6.3 meters, 60-80 rice, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels of rising 2.6 meters are advisable, covering with plastic film after two micro-irrigation flexible pipes is laid in furrow face, the apron film of high 60-80 ㎝ is set up in canopy both sides, in canopy, furrow insert arch bar by spacing 60 ㎝ and build Small plastic shed, need to cover Small plastic shed film, straw screen or mat gradually according to temperature treatment again, mulch film is with white without dripping as well, and canopy film is advisable without dripping long-lived high insulation multifunctional membrane with white.
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: select kind that is disease-resistant, good stress resistance, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, also ceaselessly 15min is stirred again with boiling hot kind of the hot water of about 55 DEG C, use Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h again, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, can sow;
Five, nurturing staff:
1, nutritive soil preparation
Generally in broadcasting front 1-2 month, do not plant the field soil of solanaceous crops, 30-40% through the proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of harmless treatment by 60-70%, every lm
3add 2-3kg superphosphate or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium again in Nutrition Soil, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
2, Miao Peng is built in choosing
Seedling canopy size is set by land for growing field crops seedling (containing seedling number for subsequent use) and the scale parameter of seedbed area 10: 1.Select without continuous cropping, physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, implements the field of the vexed canopy of high temperature before one month, builds seedling raising greenhouse in broadcasting first 5 days ~ 7 days, and the black sunshade net of adding a cover 65% shading rate immediately after button canopy shades, canopy both sides open wide.
3, bed water filling is done
Use 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, implement rotary tillage, subsequently bedding wide 1.4m after being evenly sprinkled into seedling canopy furrow face by the amount of every one kilogram, ten thousand alms bowl, reason ditch surrounding edge builds groove, makes furrow face form the dark flat shallow slot of about 6cm.The furrow of overdrying are filled with once after eating up water again to the flat furrow of water filling in groove before noon for alms bowl processed.The dose of available 50% soil insecticide 200ml/ ten thousand alms bowl pours in furrow with water to prevent and kill off soil insect.
4, alms bowl is filled with
After pouring water half, spread one deck ash (anti-soil is stained with alms bowl) in furrow face, successively get clay alms bowl (mud monkey) with the soil-block forming device of diameter 6cm, high 8cm in furrow face, and successively native alms bowl is sequenced jam-packed, row's about 20 alms bowl ~ 22 alms bowls.
5, seedbed prepares
Every 667m
2cultivation field need sow seedbed 8-10 ㎡, sowing seedbed should before nursery 3-5 days, take seedling raising greenhouse and buckle film adds a cover sunshade net, clean out a drain, make the high furrow of wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10c-15cm with Nutrition Soil, carefully harrow leveling, before sowing, water vola water.
3-5 days before point seedling, builds point seedling booth and buckle film adds a cover sunshade net in time, and furrow face in leveling canopy, pours into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube cover of about 10cm × 10cm and put in furrow face, often arranges 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered arrangement, squeezes sternly, every 667m
2cultivation field need about 4500, alms bowl processed, and point seedling canopy is about 1:10 with the area ratio of cultivation canopy.Or adopt the cave dish of 32-50 cave/dish, sequence in furrow face after filling organic substrate, make permeable rear preparation score seedling.
6, sow
Sowing time late June-July early and middle ten days.
Every 667m
2cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g.
Adopt cover alms bowl method and point disk seedling growing, first water sprayed Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, and prior to seeding after thick with the prior nutritional drugs soil underlay upper cover 1cm prepared by every square meter seedbed 35g soil conditioner and 3g soil insecticide.The nursery of employing mud monkey method, first to alms bowl face water spray, to remove alms bowl top ash, then become little point to pile with the prior nutritional drugs soil prepared by every square meter 5g50% tmtd in alms bowl top cover.After lid has been planted, seedbed covering with plastic film, then add a cover wet straw screen or mat.
7, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, remove mulch film and the straw screen or mat of bed surface covering.
The black sunshade net of fine day about 9:00, plastic house sunshade rate 65-70 ﹪, canopy both sides open wide, and implement large ventilating management.About 17:00 pushes net and rolls in ceiling.Keep nursery soil moistening, water with thin eye watering can in time sooner or later cooling during lack of water.The general early stage of mud monkey method nursery need not water, can suitably moisturizing during later stage overdrying.
When calendar seedling age 12-15 days, tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, after the fine day 16:00 or overcast and rainy whole day divide seedling, limit lifting, limit are transplanted, water in limit, plant the seedling degree of depth and bury 1-2cm to cotyledonary node with Nutrition Soil and be advisable.On point seedbed, slotting arch bar is added a cover straw screen or mat and is shaded in 1-2 days, removes after surviving night.Divide seedling canopy to continue to keep sunshade overlay management daytime, shorten Shading time gradually, suitable hardening.Temperature of shed strives controlling less than 28 DEG C, night less than 20 DEG C by day.Point disk seedling growing should in time moisturizing in time sooner or later cooling after transplanting seedlings, and allows cave coil mesostroma all the time and keeps moistening.
Six, field planting
1, field planting prepares
Cultivation field should rise stubble as early as possible, deep ploughs behind clean rural area, and before field planting, deep ploughing is thin again harrows, and rake is ploughed in combination, every 667m
2use through fertilizer 2000-3000kg, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of harmless treatment, soil conditioner 35kg, loam mixes, harrow broken leveling, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8m, high 15-20cm, between furrow, reserve the operation ditch of wide 30-40cm simultaneously, use first insecticide of 2% to treat field planting evenly to spray strong sprout, the 7-10 days vexed canopies of scaffolding buckle film before field planting.
2, field planting operation
In early and middle ten days in January mid or late December to next year, selection has this varietal characteristic, tool 5-7 sheet true leaf, and leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, select successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 30cm × 45cm, and irrigate normal root water in time, the more flat cave of harmony root of earthing up.Last lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film put seedling in the ranks in furrow face, insert arch bar subsequently and build Small plastic shed and overlay film.
Seven, cultivation management:
1, warm and humid adjustment
The high temperature period after field planting, canopy both sides open wide, and implement large ventilating management, and in booth, daytime temperature strives regulating below 30 DEG C, during higher than 30 DEG C, should cover straw screen or mat outward or sunshade net is suitably lowered the temperature in canopy; Night, temperature strove regulating below 20 DEG C, film net will be pushed away the calm evening without rain and roll in ceiling, make plant fully experience night cool.Along with the decline gradually of environmental temperature, in mid or late October, set up 60-80cm apron film in booth both sides successively, and progress in good time little ventilation and close canopy management.When nocturnal temperature is lower than 13 DEG C, set up Small plastic shed in booth and buckle film; When night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, Small plastic shed also should add a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics, and suitably ventilate in good time, reduce air humidity in canopy.
2, Illumination adjusting
In conjunction with the adjustment of the environmental condition such as temperature, humidity, plan as a whole regulating illumination condition, guarantee the light application time of necessity every day as far as possible.Early stage, the High temperature period, should note suitably shading in good time, prevented generation really of burning the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency and day; The cold period in later stage, overcast and rainy especially continuously, the control of lid time should be taken off by straw screen or mat, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible.
3, rich water is planned strategies for
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, be held in plant field planting to live after, just the fruit key point such as phase and swollen fruit phase implement to topdress.After alive of general field planting, every 667 ㎡ canopies ground impose a tiller fertilizer with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5-6kg; Two fringes fruits are shaped afterwards and swollen fruit respectively chases after once swollen fruit fertilizer, general each every 667m mid-term
2execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10-15kg.In conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, mend in initial bloom stage blade face and execute the boron fertilizer of 0.2% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time of 0.2%.According to weather and field water holding situation, in swollen fruit, just mid-term, blade face benefit executed 1% superphosphate leachate 1-2 time.Watering in conjunction with topdressing, pouring water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after ventilation in time, reduce air humidity in canopy.Fruit enters green ripe stage and namely controls water control fertilizer.
4, Plant adjustment
Before plant height 25-30cm, ground floor inflorescence are open, insert in Rhizosphere Soil near plant trunk with height about 45cm thin bamboo, then save the binding of soft cord together under every fringe fruit, and arrange fruit ear in time.
Training is gone alone in general enforcement, and stay fruit failure to consider one dry half or other training types again, side shoot is extractd in time, after staying fruit 2-3 fringe, above the flower fringe of stem top, stays the pinching of 1-2 sheet leaf.In good time excision base portion is old, yellow, sick leaf, and takes out of and focus on.
5, Hua Liuguo is protected
After a Honoka has 2-3 opening; select safe plant growth regulator to go bail for this sequence flower and spend process; as with 0.11% rich dose of No. two aqua (8ml/ bag); according to 20 DEG C, 20-25 DEG C and more than 25 DEG C three temperature sections; one bag is watered 0.6kg, 0.75kg and 1.0kg respectively and makes treatment fluid and carry out dipping in flower or spraying decoration; treatment fluid is equipped with red pigment before treatment, to leave mark after process, avoids reprocessing.
When fixed of fruit ear, when fruit footpath reaches 1cm, 2-3 fruit is stayed in the first ear selection, and 3-4 fruit is stayed in the every ear selection in top, and extracts sick fruit, malformed fruit and unnecessary flowers and fruits as early as possible.
6, diseases and pests controlling
To the first Honoka period in bud after field planting, use second insecticide of 15-25% to spray plant trunk, within every 7-12 days, spray once; First Honoka is open between fruiting period, uses second insecticide of 22-35% to spray plant leaf and petal, within every 2-3 days, sprays once; Between result to picking time, use second insecticide of 12-18% to spray plant trunk and flowers and fruits, within every 2 days, spray once; Meanwhile, can adopt silverskin repellent, fly net intercepts, and colour table is trapped and killed, and the conventional meanses such as light trap carry out disinsection prophylaxis.
Eight, gather
During December ~ February in next year, according to the market demand and transport road distance, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and should secondary pollution be avoided in transport process.
Gather and completely should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film in time, and use soil conditioner, soil insecticide processes farmland, every 667m
2cultivation field uses soil conditioner 100-120kg, soil insecticide 3kg, and agribusiness, the cooperative transformation of agriculture are organized and also should be completed and improve omnidistance No-harmful apple orchard record and statistics in time and to put on record work, and typing quality tracing system in time.
A kind of autumn proposed by the invention delays the implantation methods of tomato, and solve the problem of the main soil that exists and diseases and pests controlling in tomato planting process, improve the Quality and yield of tomato output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Claims (4)
1. the autumn delays an implantation methods for tomato, and it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: wheat stalk 35-45, straw 25-36, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, matrine 0.5-0.8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, Osthole 1-3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, citric acid 3-4, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100;
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintaining boiling time 3-6h until percentage by weight datura flower: RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII: felwort: the coptis: purple perilla: thunder godvine: chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium: water is 2:3:3:1:1:3:5:8, now leaches solution and obtains the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, facility condition: with span 4.5 meters, long 50-60 rice, rise two furrow of 1.9 meters or span 6.3 meters, 60-80 rice, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels of rising 2.6 meters are advisable, covering with plastic film after two micro-irrigation flexible pipes is laid in furrow face, the apron film of high 60-80 ㎝ is set up in canopy both sides, in canopy, furrow insert arch bar by spacing 60 ㎝ and build Small plastic shed, need to cover Small plastic shed film, straw screen or mat gradually according to temperature treatment again, mulch film white is without dripping, and canopy film is that white is without dripping long-lived high insulation multifunctional membrane;
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: select kind that is disease-resistant, good stress resistance, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, also ceaselessly 15min is stirred again with boiling hot kind of the hot water of about 55 DEG C, use Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h again, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, can sow;
Five, nurturing staff:
1), nutritive soil preparation
Generally in broadcasting front 1-2 month, do not plant the field soil of solanaceous crops, 30-40% through the proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of harmless treatment by 60-70%, every lm
3add 2-3kg superphosphate or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium again in Nutrition Soil, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
2), Miao Peng is built in choosing
Seedling canopy size is set by the scale parameter of land for growing field crops seedling and seedbed area 10: 1, select without continuous cropping, physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the field of the vexed canopy of high temperature was implemented before one month, seedling raising greenhouse is built in broadcasting first 5 days ~ 7 days, and the black sunshade net of adding a cover 65% shading rate immediately after button canopy shades, canopy both sides open wide;
3) bed water filling, is done
Use 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, rotary tillage is implemented after being evenly sprinkled into seedling canopy furrow face by the amount of every one kilogram, ten thousand alms bowl, the wide 1.4m of bedding subsequently, reason ditch surrounding edge builds groove, furrow face is made to form the dark flat shallow slot of about 6cm, the furrow of overdrying are filled with once after eating up water again, and the dose of available 50% soil insecticide 200ml/ ten thousand alms bowl pours in furrow with water to prevent and kill off soil insect to the flat furrow of water filling in groove before noon for alms bowl processed;
4), alms bowl is filled with
After pouring water half, spread one deck ash (anti-soil is stained with alms bowl) in furrow face, successively get clay alms bowl (mud monkey) with the soil-block forming device of diameter 6cm, high 8cm in furrow face, and successively native alms bowl is sequenced jam-packed, row's about 20 alms bowl ~ 22 alms bowls;
5), seedbed prepares
Every 667m
2cultivation field need sow seedbed 8-10 ㎡, sowing seedbed should before nursery 3-5 days, take seedling raising greenhouse and buckle film adds a cover sunshade net, clean out a drain, make the high furrow of wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10c-15cm with Nutrition Soil, carefully harrow leveling, before sowing, water vola water;
3-5 days before point seedling, builds point seedling booth and buckle film adds a cover sunshade net in time, and furrow face in leveling canopy, pours into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube cover of about 10cm × 10cm and put in furrow face, often arranges 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered arrangement, squeezes sternly, every 667m
2cultivation field need about 4500, alms bowl processed, and point seedling canopy is about 1:10 with the area ratio of cultivation canopy, or adopts the cave of 32-50 cave/dish to coil, and sequences, make permeable rear preparation score seedling after filling organic substrate in furrow face;
6), sow
Sowing time late June-July early and middle ten days;
Every 667m
2cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g;
Adopt cover alms bowl method and point disk seedling growing, first water is sprayed Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, and prior to seeding after with the prior nutritional drugs soil underlay upper cover 1cm prepared by every square meter seedbed 35g soil conditioner and 3g soil insecticide thick, adopt the nursery of mud monkey method, first spray water to alms bowl face, to remove alms bowl top ash, then become little point heap, after lid has been planted with the prior nutritional drugs soil prepared by every square meter 5g50% tmtd in alms bowl top cover, seedbed covering with plastic film, then add a cover wet straw screen or mat;
7), seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, remove mulch film and the straw screen or mat of bed surface covering;
Fine day about 9:00, the black sunshade net of plastic house sunshade rate 65-70 ﹪, canopy both sides open wide, implement large ventilating management, about 17:00 pushes net and rolls in ceiling, keeps nursery soil moistening, waters during lack of water in time sooner or later cooling with thin eye watering can, the general early stage of mud monkey method nursery need not water, can suitably moisturizing during later stage overdrying;
Calendar seedling age 12-15 days, during tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, after the fine day 16:00 or overcast and rainy whole day divide seedling, limit lifting, limit is transplanted, while water, the cultivation seedling degree of depth is buried 1-2cm to cotyledonary node with Nutrition Soil and is advisable, on point seedbed, slotting arch bar is added a cover straw screen or mat and is shaded in 1-2 days, remove night after surviving, seedling canopy is divided to continue to keep sunshade overlay management daytime, shorten Shading time gradually, suitable hardening, temperature of shed strives controlling less than 28 DEG C by day, night less than 20 DEG C, point disk seedling growing should in time moisturizing in time sooner or later cooling after transplanting seedlings, all the time allow cave coil mesostroma and keep moistening,
Six, field planting
1), field planting prepares
Cultivation field should rise stubble as early as possible, deep ploughs behind clean rural area, and before field planting, deep ploughing is thin again harrows, and rake is ploughed in combination, every 667m
2use through fertilizer 2000-3000kg, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of harmless treatment, soil conditioner 35kg, loam mixes, harrow broken leveling, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8m, high 15-20cm, between furrow, reserve the operation ditch of wide 30-40cm simultaneously, use first insecticide of 2% to treat field planting evenly to spray strong sprout, the 7-10 days vexed canopies of scaffolding buckle film before field planting;
2), field planting operation
In early and middle ten days in January mid or late December to next year, selection has this varietal characteristic, tool 5-7 sheet true leaf, leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, successive clear dayies are selected to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 30cm × 45cm, and irrigate normal root water in time, the flat cave of harmony of earthing up again root, finally lays micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film put seedling in the ranks in furrow face, insert arch bar subsequently and build Small plastic shed and overlay film;
Seven, cultivation management:
1), Illumination adjusting
In conjunction with the adjustment of the environmental condition such as temperature, humidity, plan as a whole regulating illumination condition, guarantee the light application time of necessity every day as far as possible, early stage, the High temperature period, should note suitably shading in good time, prevented generation really of burning the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency and day; The cold period in later stage, overcast and rainy especially continuously, the control of lid time should be taken off by straw screen or mat, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible;
2), rich water is planned strategies for
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, be held in plant field planting to live after, just the fruit key point such as phase and swollen fruit phase implement to topdress, general field planting to live after every 667 ㎡ canopies ground impose a tiller fertilizer with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5-6kg; Two fringes fruits are shaped afterwards and swollen fruit respectively chases after once swollen fruit fertilizer, general each every 667m mid-term
2execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10-15kg, in conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, mend in initial bloom stage blade face and execute the boron fertilizer of 0.2% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time of 0.2%, according to weather and field water holding situation, in swollen fruit, just mid-term, blade face benefit executed 1% superphosphate leachate 1-2 time, watered in conjunction with topdressing, pour water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after in time ventilation, reduce air humidity in canopy, fruit enters green ripe stage and namely controls water control fertilizer;
3), Plant adjustment
Before plant height 25-30cm, ground floor inflorescence are open, insert in Rhizosphere Soil near plant trunk with height about 45cm thin bamboo, then save the binding of soft cord together under every fringe fruit, and arrange fruit ear in time;
Training is gone alone in general enforcement, and stay fruit failure to consider one dry half or other training types again, side shoot is extractd in time, after staying fruit 2-3 fringe, above the flower fringe of stem top, stays the pinching of 1-2 sheet leaf, extracts that base portion is old, yellow, sick leaf in good time, and takes out of and focus on;
4), diseases and pests controlling
Adopt silverskin repellent, fly net intercepts, and colour table is trapped and killed, and the conventional meanses such as light trap carry out disinsection prophylaxis;
Eight, gather
During December ~ February in next year, according to the market demand and transport road distance, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and should secondary pollution be avoided in transport process,
Gather and completely should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film in time, and use soil conditioner, soil insecticide processes farmland, every 667m
2cultivation field uses soil conditioner 100-120kg, soil insecticide 3kg, and agribusiness, the cooperative transformation of agriculture are organized and also should be completed and improve omnidistance No-harmful apple orchard record and statistics in time and to put on record work, and typing quality tracing system in time.
2. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 delays the implantation methods of tomato, it is characterized in that cultivation management also comprises warm and humid adjustment, the high temperature period after field planting, canopy both sides open wide, implement large ventilating management, in booth, daytime temperature strives regulating below 30 DEG C, and during higher than 30 DEG C, canopy covers straw screen or mat outward or sunshade net is suitably lowered the temperature; Night, temperature regulated below 20 DEG C, film net will be pushed away the calm evening without rain rolls in ceiling, plant is made fully to experience night cool, along with the decline gradually of environmental temperature, in mid or late October, set up 60-80cm apron film in booth both sides successively, and progress in good time little ventilation and close canopy management, when nocturnal temperature is lower than 13 DEG C, set up Small plastic shed in booth and buckle film; When night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, Small plastic shed also should add a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics, and suitably ventilate in good time, reduce air humidity in canopy.
3. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 delays the implantation methods of tomato, it is characterized in that cultivation management also comprises and protect Hua Liuguo, after a Honoka has 2-3 opening, select safe plant growth regulator to go bail for this sequence flower and spend process, as with 0.11% rich dose of No. two aqua (8ml/ bag), according to 20 DEG C, 20-25 DEG C and more than 25 DEG C three temperature sections, one bag is watered 0.6kg, 0.75kg and 1.0kg respectively and makes treatment fluid and carry out dipping in flower or spraying decoration, treatment fluid is equipped with red pigment before treatment, to leave mark after process, avoid reprocessing; When fixed of fruit ear, when fruit footpath reaches 1cm, 2-3 fruit is stayed in the first ear selection, and 3-4 fruit is stayed in the every ear selection in top, and extracts sick fruit, malformed fruit and unnecessary flowers and fruits as early as possible.
4. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 delays the implantation methods of tomato, it is characterized in that diseases and pests controlling also comprises the scientific use of the second insecticide, to the first Honoka period in bud after field planting, use second insecticide of 15-25% to spray plant trunk, within every 7-12 days, spray once; First Honoka is open between fruiting period, uses second insecticide of 22-35% to spray plant leaf and petal, within every 2-3 days, sprays once; Between result to picking time, use second insecticide of 12-18% to spray plant trunk and flowers and fruits, within every 2 days, spray once.
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| CN105684696A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-22 | 和县绿源蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Method for planting hard tomatoes |
| CN105918009A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 句容市天王镇戴庄有机农业专业合作社 | Seedling cultivation method for organic sweet potatoes |
| CN106069092A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 固镇县华丰蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of high benefit implantation methods of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti |
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