CN103975712B - A kind of tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method - Google Patents
A kind of tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method, comprise following content: fine variety production, field planting, cultivation management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and the operation such as to gather; Does the present invention make the supply phase of normal open country autumn stubble tomato be deferred to 12 by original mid or late October? until the one efficient anti-season characteristic tomato in plastic greenhouse culture technique of going on the market successively April next year after month, this technology is implemented simple, workable, wide adaptability, meets very long dull season market to the demand of tomato.In this technology production process, damage by disease and insect is few, and the Tomato Quality of gained is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, be specifically related to a kind of tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method.
Background technology
Tomato (Tomato), another name tomato, tomato, ancient name persimmon in June, report of good news ternary.In Peru and Mexico, be referred to as at first " wolf peach ".Originate in South America.Fruits nutrition enriches, tool flavour.There is weight-reducing, dispelling fatigue, improve a poor appetite, improve digestion to protein, reduce the effects such as gasteremphraxis dyspepsia.When eating tomato dietotherapy fat-reducing, the herbaceous plant that tomato (tomato) is product with ripe succulence berry.Every 100 grams of fresh fruit moisture contents about 94 grams, 2.5 ~ 3.8 grams, carbohydrate, 0.6 ~ 1.2 gram, protein, Catergen 0 ~ 30 milligram, and carotin, mineral salt, organic acid etc.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method, comprises following content:
(1), select the breeding booth autumn delay tomato cultivation should select cold-resistant, in ripe, resistance to storage, fruit type is large and attractive in appearance, growing way is strong indeterminate growth type kind. as goldentop, 601, cooperation 903, in assorted No. 4, in No. 4 etc.;
(2), nurturing staff adopts cover alms bowl method or point disk seedling growing
The preparation of a, Nutrition Soil
Generally in broadcasting front 1-2 month, by 60-70% do not plant solanaceous crops field soil, 30-40% through the proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of harmless treatment, add 2-3kg superphosphate or composite fertilizer again in every lm3 Nutrition Soil, 4-5g Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, 5-6g copper sulphate, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
B, seedbed prepare
The standard need sowing seedbed 8-10 ㎡ by every 667 ㎡ cultivation field prepares seedling bed, before sowing, within 3-5 days, seedling raising greenhouse should be taken and buckle film adds a cover sunshade net, clean out a drain, make the high furrow of wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, thin rake leveling, waters vola water before sowing;
C, sowing
Sowing time late June-July early and middle ten days, every 667 ㎡ cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g,
First by seed airing 2-3h under the low light level before broadcasting, then to scald kind with the hot water of about 50-60 DEG C and constantly stir 10-15min, then soaking seed 2-3h with the vitamin C clear water solution of normal temperature 0.2-0.3%, pulling out, drain and wait to broadcast;
The nutritional drugs soil that before sowing, first place mat 1cm is thick below seedbed, fill out Nutrition Soil again, first spray Seeding bed with water, uniform broadcasting seed, the thick nutritional drugs soil of 1cm in upper cover again, wherein the preparation of nutritional drugs soil is killed star, 2g kuh-seng powder and appropriate Nutrition Soil mix, after lid has been planted by every square meter seedbed 5g50% tmtd, 3g3% ground worm, seedbed covering with plastic film, then add a cover wet straw screen or mat;
D, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, throw off mulch film and the straw screen or mat of bed surface covering,
Fine day about 9:00, the black sunshade net of plastic house sunshade rate 65-70%, canopy both sides open wide, and implement ventilating management and to be pushed away by black sunshade net to about 17:00 and roll in ceiling, keep nursery soil moistening, water during lack of water in time sooner or later cooling with thin eye watering can;
E, point seedling
3-5 days before point seedling, the ratio of 1:10 is about in point seedling canopy and the area ratio of cultivation canopy, build point seedling booth and in time buckle film adds a cover sunshade net, wide 1.2-1.3m is made with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, the high furrow of high 10-15cm, thin rake leveling, furrow face in leveling canopy, pour into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube cover of about 10 × 10cm to put in furrow face, often arrange 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered arranges, squeeze tight, every 667 ㎡ cultivation field need about 4500, alms bowl processed, or adopt the cave dish of 32-50 cave/dish, sequence in furrow face after filling organic substrate, as calendar seedling age 12-15 days, during tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, a point seedling can be carried out, before dividing seedling, furrow face is beaten permeable, later or the overcast and rainy whole day nursery in fine day 16:00, limit lifting, limit is transplanted, while water, the cultivation seedling degree of depth is buried 1-2cm to cotyledonary node with Nutrition Soil and is advisable, on point seedbed, slotting arch bar is added a cover straw screen or mat and is shaded in 1-2 days, remove night after surviving, seedling growth greenhouse continues to keep sunshade overlay management daytime, shortens Shading time gradually, suitable hardening, temperature of shed controls less than 28 DEG C, night less than 20 DEG C by day, point disk seedling growing should moisturizing in time sooner or later cooling in time after point seedling, allows cave coil mesostroma all the time and keeps moistening,
When seedling growth amount reaches 6-8 sheet true leaf, a day field planting can be selected;
(3), field planting
Cultivation field arranges
Summer high temperature high light to be utilized before field planting to implement the vexed canopy of high temperature to cultivation field and to tan by the sun process, then open canopy and throw off mulch film and deep plough, the some skies of row open-air exposure again, select continuous high temperature fine day to water filling in the field of booth place subsequently and keep the 10-15cm shoaling layer high-temperature boiling field of 7-10 days to process; 8-10 days button canopy cover nets before field planting, every mu of decomposed manure 1500-2000kg, urea 15kg used through harmless treatment, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, soil conditioner 20-30kg, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, the thinner leveling of rake, trench digging bedding, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 15-20cm, and operate ditch between the furrow reserving wide 30-50cm and suitable booth limit is empty; Build span 4.5 meters, long 50-80 rice, the two furrow rising 1.8-2.0 rice or span 6-6.5 rice, long 50-60 rice, rise three furrow north-south arch booths of 2.5-3.0 rice;
In good time transplant planting
Select that there is selected varietal characteristic, 6-8 sheet true leaf, leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, in early and middle ten days in August, select overcast and rainy whole day or open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 33 × 45cm after the 15:00 of fine day, and irrigate normal root water, ridging harmony root in time, after one week, intertill flat cave again, then lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe in the ranks in furrow face, cover unregistered land film and put seedling envelope cave in time;
(4), cultivation management
The high temperature period after field planting, canopy both sides open wide, and implement large ventilating management, and in booth, daytime temperature regulates below 30 DEG C, during higher than 30 DEG C, should cover straw screen or mat outward or sunshade net is suitably lowered the temperature in canopy; Night, temperature regulated below 20 DEG C, film net will be pushed away the calm evening without rain rolls in ceiling, plant is made fully to experience night cool, along with the decline gradually of environmental temperature, in mid or late October, 60-80cm apron film is set up successively in booth both sides, and progress in good time little ventilation and close canopy management, when nocturnal temperature is lower than 13 DEG C, set up Small plastic shed in booth and buckle film, and a 200-300 watt of incandescent lamp is filled along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow in canopy, illumination and heat are provided; When night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, Small plastic shed also should add a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics, and heat supply of turning on light, and suitably ventilate, reduce air humidity in canopy; in good time
Illumination adjusting
In conjunction with the adjustment of the environmental condition such as temperature, humidity, plan as a whole regulating illumination condition, guarantee the light application time of 2-3 hour every day as far as possible, early stage, the High temperature period, should note suitably shading in good time, prevented generation really of burning the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency and day; The cold period in later stage, overcast and rainy especially continuously, the control of lid time should be taken off by straw screen or mat, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible;
Rich water quality management
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, be held in plant field planting to live after, just the fruit key point such as phase and swollen fruit phase implement to topdress: general field planting to live after every 667 ㎡ canopies ground impose a tiller fertilizer with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5-6kg; Two fringes fruits are shaped afterwards and swollen fruit respectively chases after once swollen fruit fertilizer mid-term, and general each every 667 ㎡ execute N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10-15kg; In conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, mend in initial bloom stage blade face and execute the boron fertilizer of 0.2% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time of 0.2%; According to weather and field water holding situation, in swollen fruit, just mid-term, blade face benefit executed 1% superphosphate leachate 1-2 time; Watering in conjunction with topdressing, pouring water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after ventilation in time, reduce air humidity in canopy; Fruit enters green ripe stage and namely controls water control fertilizer;
Plant adjustment
When plant height reach 25-30cm, ground floor inflorescence open before, insert in Rhizosphere Soil with height about 45cm thin bamboo near plant trunk, save the binding of soft cord together under every fringe fruit, and arrange fruit ear in time;
Training is gone alone in general enforcement, and stay fruit failure to consider one dry half or other training types again, side shoot is extractd in time, stays fruit 2-3 fringe, stays 2 leaf pinching above the flower fringe of stem top; In good time excision base portion is old, yellow, sick leaf;
Protect Hua Liuguo
After a Honoka has 2-3 opening, select safe plant growth regulator to go bail for and spend process, as with 0.11% rich dose of No. two aqua (8ml/ bag), one bag is watered 1.0kg and makes treatment fluid and carry out dipping in flower or spraying decoration, treatment fluid is equipped with red pigment before treatment, to leave mark after process, avoid reprocessing;
When fixed of fruit ear, when fruit footpath reaches 1cm, 2-3 fruit is stayed in the first ear selection, and 3-4 fruit is stayed in the every ear selection in top, and extracts sick fruit, malformed fruit and unnecessary flowers and fruits as early as possible;
(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest
Autumn is delayed the tomato relative spring and does sth. in advance tomato, disease alleviates, emphasis notes the control of virus disease and gray mold, but insect pest can increase the weight of, according to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", farmer's law, bioanalysis, Physical and chemical method comprehensively should be adopted in good time to carry out integrated control, and note protection against rodents;
(6) gather: the last ten-days period between February in late December to next year, to select a good opportunity listing of in batches gathering of selecting a time according to market conditions; Rural area should be cleaned in time, harmless treatment straw and discarded mulch film after gathering.
Described tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method, it is characterized in that: the soil conditioner described in step (3) is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, food factory offcuts 20-25, vinasse 3-5, white lime 2-3, potassium humate 8-10, boric acid 5-6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03, manganese sulphate 0.2-0.3, magnesium sulfate 4-5, ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.2, bone meal 8-11, peppermint oil 1-2, glycerine 1-2, sucrose ester 0.1-0.3, water is appropriate, by vermiculite power, clay, citric acid adds suitable quantity of water mixing, stir into mud, send into 200-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, by again with the rest materials mix and blend after 40-50 minute in formula, granulation, spraying peppermint oil, dry and get final product,
Described tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method, it is characterized in that: described Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide has following method to obtain: a, take onion 25-35, southern magnolia 2-4, kuh-seng 3-4, India canna leaf 4-6, pomelo peel 4-6, Chinese pulsatilla 6-8, asiatic moonseed 4-6, golden cypress 1-2, tuber of stemona 4-6, betel nut 3-4, alumen 2-3, gall nut 3-4, frutus cnidii 2-4, Fructus meliae toosendan 3-4, the blue 3-4 of mountain villous themeda, water eggplant 2-4, baeckea frutescen 2-4, litharge 2-4, fern root 2-4 by weight; B, to be gone by onion root to remove the peel filtration of squeezing the juice to obtain Conditions of Onion Juice; C, by remaining herbal raw materials such as southern magnolia, kuh-seng, India canna leaf 4, pomelo peel, the Chinese pulsatillas, mixing poach is boiled into mixing soup juice; D, mixing soup juice obtained for step (c) is mixed with Conditions of Onion Juice, filtered, concentrated, spraying dry, then mixes with the borneol and grinding of powder weight 1-2%, obtains Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method provided by the invention, be a kind of make the supply phase of normal open country autumn stubble tomato be deferred to December by original mid or late October after the one efficient anti-season characteristic tomato in plastic greenhouse culture technique of going on the market, this technology is implemented simple, workable, wide adaptability, meet very long winter and early spring dull season market to the demand of tomato.In addition this technology all notes the integrated application of the green prevention and control measure to disease pest and weed in seed selection, nursery, cultivation each stage, when applying base manure, with the addition of soil conditioner, not only improve soil property, reduce the breeding of damage by disease and insect simultaneously, avoid and decrease the use of chemical pesticide to greatest extent, Product quality and safety also has and ensures very reliably.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method, comprises following content:
(1), select the breeding booth autumn delay tomato cultivation should select cold-resistant, in ripe, resistance to storage, fruit type is large and attractive in appearance, growing way is strong indeterminate growth type kind. as goldentop, 601, cooperation 903, in assorted No. 4, in No. 4 etc.;
(2), nurturing staff adopts cover alms bowl method or point disk seedling growing
The preparation of a, Nutrition Soil
Generally in broadcasting front 1-2 month, by 60-70% do not plant solanaceous crops field soil, 30-40% through the proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of harmless treatment, add 2-3kg superphosphate or composite fertilizer again in every lm3 Nutrition Soil, 4-5g Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, 5-6g copper sulphate, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
B, seedbed prepare
The standard need sowing seedbed 8-10 ㎡ by every 667 ㎡ cultivation field prepares seedling bed, before sowing, within 3-5 days, seedling raising greenhouse should be taken and buckle film adds a cover sunshade net, clean out a drain, make the high furrow of wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, thin rake leveling, waters vola water before sowing;
C, sowing
Sowing time late June-July early and middle ten days, every 667 ㎡ cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g,
First by seed airing 2-3h under the low light level before broadcasting, then to scald kind with the hot water of about 50-60 DEG C and constantly stir 10-15min, then soaking seed 2-3h with the vitamin C clear water solution of normal temperature 0.2-0.3%, pulling out, drain and wait to broadcast;
The nutritional drugs soil that before sowing, first place mat 1cm is thick below seedbed, fill out Nutrition Soil again, first spray Seeding bed with water, uniform broadcasting seed, the thick nutritional drugs soil of 1cm in upper cover again, wherein the preparation of nutritional drugs soil is killed star, 2g kuh-seng powder and appropriate Nutrition Soil mix, after lid has been planted by every square meter seedbed 5g50% tmtd, 3g3% ground worm, seedbed covering with plastic film, then add a cover wet straw screen or mat;
D, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, throw off mulch film and the straw screen or mat of bed surface covering,
Fine day about 9:00, the black sunshade net of plastic house sunshade rate 65-70%, canopy both sides open wide, and implement ventilating management and to be pushed away by black sunshade net to about 17:00 and roll in ceiling, keep nursery soil moistening, water during lack of water in time sooner or later cooling with thin eye watering can;
E, point seedling
3-5 days before point seedling, the ratio of 1:10 is about in point seedling canopy and the area ratio of cultivation canopy, build point seedling booth and in time buckle film adds a cover sunshade net, wide 1.2-1.3m is made with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, the high furrow of high 10-15cm, thin rake leveling, furrow face in leveling canopy, pour into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube cover of about 10 × 10cm to put in furrow face, often arrange 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered arranges, squeeze tight, every 667 ㎡ cultivation field need about 4500, alms bowl processed, or adopt the cave dish of 32-50 cave/dish, sequence in furrow face after filling organic substrate, as calendar seedling age 12-15 days, during tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, a point seedling can be carried out, before dividing seedling, furrow face is beaten permeable, later or the overcast and rainy whole day nursery in fine day 16:00, limit lifting, limit is transplanted, while water, the cultivation seedling degree of depth is buried 1-2cm to cotyledonary node with Nutrition Soil and is advisable, on point seedbed, slotting arch bar is added a cover straw screen or mat and is shaded in 1-2 days, remove night after surviving, seedling growth greenhouse continues to keep sunshade overlay management daytime, shortens Shading time gradually, suitable hardening, temperature of shed controls less than 28 DEG C, night less than 20 DEG C by day, point disk seedling growing should moisturizing in time sooner or later cooling in time after point seedling, allows cave coil mesostroma all the time and keeps moistening,
When seedling growth amount reaches 6-8 sheet true leaf, a day field planting can be selected;
(3), field planting
Cultivation field arranges
Summer high temperature high light to be utilized before field planting to implement the vexed canopy of high temperature to cultivation field and to tan by the sun process, then open canopy and throw off mulch film and deep plough, the some skies of row open-air exposure again, select continuous high temperature fine day to water filling in the field of booth place subsequently and keep the 10-15cm shoaling layer high-temperature boiling field of 7-10 days to process; 8-10 days button canopy cover nets before field planting, every mu of decomposed manure 1500-2000kg, urea 15kg used through harmless treatment, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, soil conditioner 20-30kg, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, the thinner leveling of rake, trench digging bedding, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 15-20cm, and operate ditch between the furrow reserving wide 30-50cm and suitable booth limit is empty; Build span 4.5 meters, long 50-80 rice, the two furrow rising 1.8-2.0 rice or span 6-6.5 rice, long 50-60 rice, rise three furrow north-south arch booths of 2.5-3.0 rice;
In good time transplant planting
Select that there is selected varietal characteristic, 6-8 sheet true leaf, leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, in early and middle ten days in August, select overcast and rainy whole day or open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 33 × 45cm after the 15:00 of fine day, and irrigate normal root water, ridging harmony root in time, after one week, intertill flat cave again, then lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe in the ranks in furrow face, cover unregistered land film and put seedling envelope cave in time;
(4), cultivation management
The high temperature period after field planting, canopy both sides open wide, and implement large ventilating management, and in booth, daytime temperature regulates below 30 DEG C, during higher than 30 DEG C, should cover straw screen or mat outward or sunshade net is suitably lowered the temperature in canopy; Night, temperature regulated below 20 DEG C, film net will be pushed away the calm evening without rain rolls in ceiling, plant is made fully to experience night cool, along with the decline gradually of environmental temperature, in mid or late October, 60-80cm apron film is set up successively in booth both sides, and progress in good time little ventilation and close canopy management, when nocturnal temperature is lower than 13 DEG C, set up Small plastic shed in booth and buckle film, and a 200-300 watt of incandescent lamp is filled along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow in canopy, illumination and heat are provided; When night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, Small plastic shed also should add a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics, and heat supply of turning on light, and suitably ventilate, reduce air humidity in canopy; in good time
Illumination adjusting
In conjunction with the adjustment of the environmental condition such as temperature, humidity, plan as a whole regulating illumination condition, guarantee the light application time of 2-3 hour every day as far as possible, early stage, the High temperature period, should note suitably shading in good time, prevented generation really of burning the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency and day; The cold period in later stage, overcast and rainy especially continuously, the control of lid time should be taken off by straw screen or mat, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible;
Rich water quality management
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, be held in plant field planting to live after, just the fruit key point such as phase and swollen fruit phase implement to topdress: general field planting to live after every 667 ㎡ canopies ground impose a tiller fertilizer with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5-6kg; Two fringes fruits are shaped afterwards and swollen fruit respectively chases after once swollen fruit fertilizer mid-term, and general each every 667 ㎡ execute N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10-15kg; In conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, mend in initial bloom stage blade face and execute the boron fertilizer of 0.2% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time of 0.2%; According to weather and field water holding situation, in swollen fruit, just mid-term, blade face benefit executed 1% superphosphate leachate 1-2 time; Watering in conjunction with topdressing, pouring water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after ventilation in time, reduce air humidity in canopy; Fruit enters green ripe stage and namely controls water control fertilizer;
Plant adjustment
When plant height reach 25-30cm, ground floor inflorescence open before, insert in Rhizosphere Soil with height about 45cm thin bamboo near plant trunk, save the binding of soft cord together under every fringe fruit, and arrange fruit ear in time;
Training is gone alone in general enforcement, and stay fruit failure to consider one dry half or other training types again, side shoot is extractd in time, stays fruit 2-3 fringe, stays 2 leaf pinching above the flower fringe of stem top; In good time excision base portion is old, yellow, sick leaf;
Protect Hua Liuguo
After a Honoka has 2-3 opening, select safe plant growth regulator to go bail for and spend process, as with 0.11% rich dose of No. two aqua (8ml/ bag), one bag is watered 1.0kg and makes treatment fluid and carry out dipping in flower or spraying decoration, treatment fluid is equipped with red pigment before treatment, to leave mark after process, avoid reprocessing;
When fixed of fruit ear, when fruit footpath reaches 1cm, 2-3 fruit is stayed in the first ear selection, and 3-4 fruit is stayed in the every ear selection in top, and extracts sick fruit, malformed fruit and unnecessary flowers and fruits as early as possible;
(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest
A: cultural control
Select disease-resistant variety, implement crop rotation in 3 years ~ 5 years, ridge is shone in deep ploughing, nurturing staff, creates adapt circumstance condition, enriches the fertilizer through harmless treatment, clean rural area measure;
B: physical control
Adopt daylight airing and hot water treatment of seeds, lemonade is soaked seed, and utilizes summer not busy High temperature to implement to pour water vexed canopy, covers silver color mulch film repellent aphid lice, migrate, with colour table and light trap if fly net intercepts insect;
C: biological control
Adopt gyplure trapping primary pest; The use of botanical fungicide, uses biopesticide to prevent and treat in good time; Active protection and utilize various natural enemy;
D: chemical control
The Major Diseases of tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn has the rotten and physiological disturbance such as " three fall " of the contagious diseases such as virus disease, epidemic disease, bacterial wilt, graywall and black mould and top rot, muscle; Major Pests has Bemisia tabaci, aphid, prodenia litura, beet armyworm, cotton bollworm etc., strictly performs by the regulation of GB4285 and GB/T8321;
(6) gather: the last ten-days period between April in late December to next year, to select a good opportunity listing of in batches gathering of selecting a time according to market conditions; Rural area should be cleaned in time, harmless treatment straw and discarded mulch film after gathering.
Wherein, soil conditioner is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight (kg): vermiculite power 25, clay 11, citric acid 9, food factory's offcuts 24, vinasse 4, white lime 2.5, potassium humate 9, boric acid 5.5, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5, ferrous sulfate 1.5, sodium selenite 0.01, manganese sulphate 0.2, magnesium sulfate 4.5, ammonium molybdate 0.1, bone meal 10, peppermint oil 1.5, glycerine 1.5, sucrose ester 0.2, water is appropriate, by vermiculite power, clay, citric acid adds suitable quantity of water mixing, stir into mud, send into 200-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, by again with the rest materials mix and blend after 40-50 minute in formula, granulation, spraying peppermint oil, dry and get final product,
Wherein, Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide has following method to obtain: a, by weight (kg) take onion 26, southern magnolia 3, kuh-seng 3.5, India canna leaf 5, pomelo peel 5, the Chinese pulsatilla 7, asiatic moonseed 5, golden cypress 1.5, the tuber of stemona 5, betel nut 3.5, alumen 2.5, gall nut 3.5, frutus cnidii 3, Fructus meliae toosendan 3.5, mountain villous themeda orchid 3.5, water eggplant 3, baeckea frutescen 3, litharge 3, fern root 3; B, to be gone by onion root to remove the peel filtration of squeezing the juice to obtain Conditions of Onion Juice; C, by remaining herbal raw materials such as southern magnolia, kuh-seng, India canna leaf, pomelo peel, the Chinese pulsatillas, mixing poach is boiled into mixing soup juice; D, mixing soup juice obtained for step (c) is mixed with Conditions of Onion Juice, filtered, concentrated, spraying dry, then mixes with the borneol and grinding of powder weight 1-2%, obtains Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.
Compared with the tomato products that the tomato products utilizing above-mentioned complex art to produce and usual manner are produced, there is following advantage:
Claims (2)
1. a tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method, is characterized in that comprising following content:
(1), select the breeding booth autumn delay tomato cultivation should select cold-resistant, in ripe, resistance to storage, fruit type is large and attractive in appearance, growing way is strong indeterminate growth type kind, kind be goldentop, 601, cooperation 903, in assorted No. 4, in No. 4;
(2), nurturing staff adopts cover alms bowl method or point disk seedling growing
The preparation of a, Nutrition Soil
In broadcasting front 1-2 month, do not plant the field soil of solanaceous crops, 30-40% through the proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of harmless treatment by 60-70%, every lm
3add 2-3kg superphosphate or composite fertilizer again in Nutrition Soil, 4-5g Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, 5-6g copper sulphate, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
B, seedbed prepare
The standard need sowing seedbed 8-10 ㎡ by every 667 ㎡ cultivation field prepares seedling bed, before sowing, within 3-5 days, seedling raising greenhouse should be taken and buckle film adds a cover sunshade net, clean out a drain, make the high furrow of wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, thin rake leveling, waters vola water before sowing;
C, sowing
Sowing time late June-July early and middle ten days, every 667 ㎡ cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g,
First by seed airing 2-3h under the low light level before broadcasting, then to scald kind with the hot water of 50-60 DEG C and constantly stir 10-15min, then soaking seed 2-3h with the vitamin C clear water solution of normal temperature 0.2-0.3%, pulling out, drain and wait to broadcast;
The nutritional drugs soil that before sowing, first place mat 1cm is thick below seedbed, fill out Nutrition Soil again, first spray Seeding bed with water, uniform broadcasting seed, the thick nutritional drugs soil of 1cm in upper cover again, wherein the preparation of nutritional drugs soil is killed star, 2g kuh-seng powder and appropriate Nutrition Soil mix, after lid has been planted by every square meter seedbed 5g50% tmtd, 3g3% ground worm, seedbed covering with plastic film, then add a cover wet straw screen or mat;
D, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, throw off mulch film and the straw screen or mat of bed surface covering,
Fine day about 9:00, the black sunshade net of plastic house sunshade rate 65-70%, canopy both sides open wide, and implement ventilating management and to be pushed away by black sunshade net to about 17:00 and roll in ceiling, keep nursery soil moistening, water during lack of water in time sooner or later cooling with thin eye watering can;
E, point seedling
3-5 days before point seedling, be the ratio of 1:10 in point seedling canopy and the area ratio of cultivation canopy, build point seedling booth and in time buckle film adds a cover sunshade net, the Nutrition Soil obtained with step a makes wide 1.2-1.3m, the high furrow of high 10-15cm, thin rake leveling, furrow face in leveling canopy, pour into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube cover of about 10 × 10cm to put in furrow face, often arrange 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered arranges, squeeze tight, every 667 ㎡ cultivation field need about 4500, alms bowl processed, or adopt the cave dish of 32-50 cave/dish, sequence in furrow face after filling organic substrate, as calendar seedling age 12-15 days, during tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, a point seedling can be carried out, before dividing seedling, furrow face is beaten permeable, later or the overcast and rainy whole day nursery in fine day 16:00, limit lifting, limit is transplanted, while water, the cultivation seedling degree of depth is buried 1-2cm to cotyledonary node with Nutrition Soil and is advisable, on point seedbed, slotting arch bar is added a cover straw screen or mat and is shaded in 1-2 days, remove night after surviving, seedling growth greenhouse continues to keep sunshade overlay management daytime, shortens Shading time gradually, suitable hardening, temperature of shed controls less than 28 DEG C, night less than 20 DEG C by day, point disk seedling growing should moisturizing in time sooner or later cooling in time after point seedling, allows cave coil mesostroma all the time and keeps moistening,
When seedling growth amount reaches 6-8 sheet true leaf, a day field planting can be selected;
(3), field planting
Cultivation field arranges
Summer high temperature high light to be utilized before field planting to implement the vexed canopy of high temperature to cultivation field and to tan by the sun process, then open canopy and throw off mulch film and deep plough, the some skies of row open-air exposure again, select continuous high temperature fine day to water filling in the field of booth place subsequently and keep the 10-15cm shoaling layer high-temperature boiling field of 7-10 days to process; 8-10 days button canopy cover nets before field planting, every mu of decomposed manure 1500-2000kg, urea 15kg used through harmless treatment, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, soil conditioner 20-30kg, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, the thinner leveling of rake, trench digging bedding, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 15-20cm, and operate ditch between the furrow reserving wide 30-50cm and suitable booth limit is empty; Build span 4.5 meters, long 50-80 rice, the two furrow rising 1.8-2.0 rice or span 6-6.5 rice, long 50-60 rice, rise three furrow north-south arch booths of 2.5-3.0 rice;
In good time transplant planting
Select that there is selected varietal characteristic, 6-8 sheet true leaf, leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, in early and middle ten days in August, select overcast and rainy whole day or open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 33 × 45cm after the 15:00 of fine day, and irrigate normal root water, ridging harmony root in time, after one week, intertill flat cave again, then lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe in the ranks in furrow face, cover unregistered land film and put seedling envelope cave in time;
(4), cultivation management
The high temperature period after field planting, canopy both sides open wide, and implement large ventilating management, and in booth, daytime temperature regulates below 30 DEG C, during higher than 30 DEG C, should cover straw screen or mat outward or sunshade net is suitably lowered the temperature in canopy; Night, temperature regulated below 20 DEG C, film net will be pushed away the calm evening without rain rolls in ceiling, plant is made fully to experience night cool, along with the decline gradually of environmental temperature, in mid or late October, 60-80cm apron film is set up successively in booth both sides, and progress in good time little ventilation and close canopy management, when nocturnal temperature is lower than 13 DEG C, set up Small plastic shed in booth and buckle film, and a 200-300 watt of incandescent lamp is filled along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow in canopy, illumination and heat are provided; When night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, Small plastic shed also should add a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics, and heat supply of turning on light, and suitably ventilate, reduce air humidity in canopy; in good time
Illumination adjusting
In conjunction with the adjustment of temperature, humidity atmosphere, plan as a whole regulating illumination condition, guarantee the light application time of 2-3 hour every day, early stage, the High temperature period, should note suitably shading in good time, prevented generation really of burning the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency and day; The cold period in later stage, the control of lid time should be taken off by straw screen or mat, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination;
Rich water quality management
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, be held in plant field planting to live after, just fruit phase and swollen fruit phase key point implement to topdress: field planting to live after every 667 ㎡ canopies ground impose a tiller fertilizer with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5-6kg; Two fringes fruits are shaped afterwards and swollen fruit respectively chases after once swollen fruit fertilizer mid-term, and every 667 ㎡ execute N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10-15kg at every turn; In conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, mend in initial bloom stage blade face and execute the boron fertilizer of 0.2% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time of 0.2%; According to weather and field water holding situation, in swollen fruit, just mid-term, blade face benefit executed 1% superphosphate leachate 1-2 time; Watering in conjunction with topdressing, pouring water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after ventilation in time, reduce air humidity in canopy; Fruit enters green ripe stage and namely controls water control fertilizer;
Plant adjustment
When plant height reach 25-30cm, ground floor inflorescence open before, insert in Rhizosphere Soil with high 45cm thin bamboo near plant trunk, save the binding of soft cord together under every fringe fruit, and arrange fruit ear in time;
Training is gone alone in enforcement, and stay fruit failure to consider one dry half or other training types again, side shoot is extractd in time, stays fruit 2-3 fringe, stays 2 leaf pinching above the flower fringe of stem top; In good time excision base portion is old, yellow, sick leaf;
Protect Hua Liuguo
After a Honoka has 2-3 opening, select safe plant growth regulator to go bail for and spend process, with 0.11% rich dose of No. two aqua, one bag is watered 1.0kg and makes treatment fluid and carry out dipping in flower or spraying decoration, treatment fluid is equipped with red pigment before treatment, to leave mark after process, avoids reprocessing;
When fixed of fruit ear, when fruit footpath reaches 1cm, 2-3 fruit is stayed in the first ear selection, and 3-4 fruit is stayed in the every ear selection in top, and extracts sick fruit, malformed fruit and unnecessary flowers and fruits as early as possible;
(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest
Autumn is delayed the tomato relative spring and does sth. in advance tomato, disease alleviates, emphasis notes the control of virus disease and gray mold, but insect pest can increase the weight of, according to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", farmer's law, bioanalysis, Physical and chemical method comprehensively should be adopted in good time to carry out integrated control, and note protection against rodents;
(6) gather: the last ten-days period between February in late December to next year, to select a good opportunity listing of in batches gathering of selecting a time according to market conditions; Rural area should be cleaned in time, harmless treatment straw and discarded mulch film after gathering;
Soil conditioner described in step (3) is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, food factory offcuts 20-25, vinasse 3-5, white lime 2-3, potassium humate 8-10, boric acid 5-6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03, manganese sulphate 0.2-0.3, magnesium sulfate 4-5, ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.2, bone meal 8-11, peppermint oil 1-2, glycerine 1-2, sucrose ester 0.1-0.3, water is appropriate, by vermiculite power, clay, citric acid adds suitable quantity of water mixing, stir into mud, send into 200-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, again with the rest materials mix and blend after 40-50 minute in formula, granulation, spraying peppermint oil, dry and get final product.
2. tomato in plastic greenhouse delayed culture in autumn method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide is obtained by following method: a, take onion 25-35, southern magnolia 2-4, kuh-seng 3-4, India canna leaf 4-6, pomelo peel 4-6, Chinese pulsatilla 6-8, asiatic moonseed 4-6, golden cypress 1-2, tuber of stemona 4-6, betel nut 3-4, alumen 2-3, gall nut 3-4, frutus cnidii 2-4, Fructus meliae toosendan 3-4, the blue 3-4 of mountain villous themeda, water eggplant 2-4, baeckea frutescen 2-4, litharge 2-4, fern root 2-4 by weight; B, to be gone by onion root to remove the peel filtration of squeezing the juice to obtain Conditions of Onion Juice; C, by southern magnolia, kuh-seng, India canna leaf, pomelo peel, the Chinese pulsatilla and residue herbal raw material, mixing poach is boiled into mixing soup juice; D, mixing soup juice obtained for step (c) is mixed with Conditions of Onion Juice, filtered, concentrated, spraying dry, then mixes with the borneol and grinding of powder weight 1-2%, obtains Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN104186152A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-12-10 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | Tomato intensification seedling cultivating technology |
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| CN111448957A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-07-28 | 江苏德得健康产业有限公司 | Organic planting method for cherry tomatoes rich in organic selenium |
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