CN102742434A - Method for cultivating pollution-free tomatoes - Google Patents
Method for cultivating pollution-free tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102742434A CN102742434A CN2012101982018A CN201210198201A CN102742434A CN 102742434 A CN102742434 A CN 102742434A CN 2012101982018 A CN2012101982018 A CN 2012101982018A CN 201210198201 A CN201210198201 A CN 201210198201A CN 102742434 A CN102742434 A CN 102742434A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating pollution-free tomatoes. The method mainly comprises steps of seed selection, cultivation, transplantation, fix planting, management after the fix planting, prevention and cure of diseases and insect pests, fertilization and fruit harvest. Standards and requirements of fertilization in pollution-free tomato cultivation are implemented strictly in the whole process, and principles and requirements of safe pesticide usage of control of diseases and pests and types of pesticides which are permitted and forbidden are implemented in accordance with a 'GB/T8321 reasonable pesticide usage standard '. In the prevention and cure of diseases and insect pests, Chinese herbal medicine fertilizer is applied, diseases are prevented and no pesticide residue exists. By the aid of the method, harvested cucumbers are uniform in size and smooth in cucumber peel, the yield is high, the quality is good, no pesticide residue exists and pollution-free requirements are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural product cultivation field, be specifically related to the cultivation method of a kind of nuisanceless tomato.
Background technology
Tomato belongs to Solanaceae, is annual vegetables.Originate in South America, the equal common cultivated in China various places, produce more summer and autumn.Pass on from one to another tomato and be grown in South America the earliest, because of color is delicate and charming, people are very vigilant to it, are regarded as " fruit of fox ", claim the wolf peach again, only supply to view and admire, and dare not taste.A large amount of chemical fertilizer, traditional agricultural chemicals of using in the traditional planting technology, the tomato that causes output is along with farming is residual more, and the people often uses such tomato can bring side effect to health.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses the cultivation method of a kind of nuisanceless tomato, adopt nuisanceless planting technology tomato from choosing ground to fertilising, the several aspects of the extermination of disease and insect pest, institute's tamato fruit of gather in the crops is big or small even, and epidermis is smooth, and is pollution-free, and commodity increases substantially.
For realizing that above-mentioned purpose the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
1, the cultivation method of a kind of nuisanceless tomato is characterized in that: specifically comprise following content:
One, grows seedlings
(1) adopt open country to grow seedlings, have the rainproof facility that shades, the seed of selecting for use will meet the quality requirement of GB8079;
Per 667 ㎡ use kind of a 35g~40g,
(2) seed treatment
Seed is soaked 10min~15min in 55 ℃ of warm water, and constantly stirs water temperature is descended 30 ℃ the time, continue to soak 6h~8h, clean mucus with clear water again,
(3) vernalization
The seed of handling well is wrapped with wet cloth, be placed on 25 ℃~30 ℃ and locate vernalization, every day is with flushing with clean water 1 time, whenever stirs 1 time at a distance from 4h~6h, during 60% seed germination, can sow behind 2d~3d,
(4) bed of growing seedlings is prepared
A, the configuration of bed soil
Select that not plant the fertile garden mould of tomato section vegetables in nearly 3 years even by the 2:1 mixed with the barnyard manure that sieves of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed for use, every cubic metre adds N:P
20
5: K
20 is 15:15 NPK 2kg, and Tu Pu goes into the seedbed with bed, and thickness 10cm~12cm, or the 10cm that packs into * 10cm nutritive cube pile up in the seedbed,
B, bed soil disinfection
Mix by 1:1 with 50% thiram wettable powder with 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Or 25% metalaxyl wettable Chinese herbal medicine powder mix by 9:1 with 70% mancozeb wettable powder; Mix by every square metre of medication 8g~10g and the 4kg~5kg fine earth that sieves; 2/3 is layered on bed surface during sowing; 1/3 overlays on the seedling; Chinese herbal medicine powder in the wherein said 25% metalaxyl wettable Chinese herbal medicine powder; Be prepared from following bulk drugs, the weight portion of each bulk drug is: Platycarya strobilacea 8-10, horse chestnut 8-10, Golden Larch Bark 8-10, rhizoma nardostachyos 8-10, tuber of stemona 8-10, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 8-10, coptis 8-10, withy 8-10, chilli seed 8-10, fortune paulownia flower 8-10, paulownia sawdust 8-10, yew 8-10, anemone vitifolia 8-10, wilson passionflower herb 8-10, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10, Chinese scholartree root 8-10, yew 8-10, Fructus Gleditsiae microcarpae 8-10, david poplar root-bark 8-10, Chinese wild pepper 8-10, Lindley Butterflybush Herb 8-10, Embelia subcoridcea (C. B. Cl.) Mez 8-10, radix aconiti agrestis 8-10, windproof 8-10, elscholtiza 8-10, seal chinaberry 8-10, schizonepeta 8-10, purple perilla 8-10, mulberry leaf 8-10, field pennycress 8-10, Sargent gloryvine 8-10, datura flower 8-10, Herba Andrographitis 8-10, cordate houttuynia 8-10
During preparation; Extract by each weight portion mixes; Perhaps by mixing after each weight portion coarse crushing, water or 70-75% ethanol or extracted by ether secondary obtain extract medicinal extract; The drying and grinding powdered joins to mix in the 25% metalaxyl wetting powder according to the weight ratio of 10:100 during use and obtains 25% metalaxyl wettable Chinese herbal medicine powder;
C, seedling implement sterilization
Seedling implement is sprayed or soaking disinfection with 300 times of liquid formalin or 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate,
(5) sowing
A, sowing time
Stubble mid or late July autumn and winter, open country late January in spring is to early Febuary; The canopy chamber autumn is delayed mid or late June,
B, type of seeding
Water vola water, water oozes back again one deck fine earth or medicine soil, with the seed uniform broadcasting in bed surface, multiple fine earth or medicine soil 1cm~1.2cm;
(6) seedling management
A, temperature treatment, see table 1:
The table 1 temperature treatment list position in batch seedling stage of surviving the winter: ℃
Period | Suitable day temperature | The temperature at night suits |
Sowing is to neat seedling | 25~30 | 15~18 |
Qi Miao is to dividing seedling preceding 1 week | 20~25 | 14~16 |
Divide seedling to slow seedling | 25~28 | 15~18 |
Behind the slow seedling to the field planting 1 week | 18~22 | 14~16 |
Field planting preceding 1 thoughtful field planting | 16~18 | 8~10 |
B, thinning
Divide the preceding thinning of seedling 1-2 times, about spacing 3cm, the time of reaching is fallen disease seedling, weak seedling, seedling and assorted seedling, covers fine earth after the thinning once,
C, branch seedling
Seedling 2 leaves 1 heart time-division seedling is ditched on minute seedbed by 10 cm * 10 cm seeding row spacings, and sufficient water is planted seedling, or directly divides seedling in 10cm * 10cm nutritive cube;
Manage behind d, the branch seedling
Hoe up weeds 1~2 time after dividing seedling, not non-irrigatedly do not water, water was watered 1 time in field planting in preceding 7 days, lifting village seedling two days later, 100 times of anti-virus induction agent of NS83 of field planting spray in preceding 3 days;
Two, prepare before the field planting
Site preparation and fertilization
General cultivation
Wide 1.2m, long 5m~8m furrow are in outdoor cropping, every ridge cultivation two row; Booth cultivation is pressed wide row space 80cm, and little line-spacing 40cm plays half high ridge, has covered mulch film,
The base manure kind is main with high-quality fertilizer, chemical fertilizer commonly used, composite fertilizer etc.; Under the medium fertility condition, execute the high-quality hog manure 5000~6000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with per 667 ㎡ wholely, nitrogenous fertilizer N 5kg (folding urea 10.9kg), phosphate fertilizer (P205) 6kg (folding superphosphate 50kg), potash fertilizer (K20) 5kg (folding potassium sulphate 10kg),
Three, field planting
A, field planting time
Stubble late August~early September autumn and winter, Winter-Spring stubble late January is to early Febuary; Open country late April in spring is to the first tenday period of a month in May; The canopy chamber autumn and winter are delayed early and middle ten days in late July to August,
B, plantation density
Per 667 ㎡ are 3000 strains~4000 strains, distance between rows and hills 60cm * (28~35) cm
D, field planting method
Leave dark 10cm~12cm ditch by distance between rows and hills, plastic mulching to dig the cave, sufficient water is planted seedling, earthing is no more than cotyledon,
Four, manage after the field planting
A, dip in flower and fruit
Protection ground and spring outdoor cropping are in earlier stage; The flowers are in blossom when putting as first of inflorescence; With the drop-proof agent solution spraying decoration of concentration 20mg~30mg/kg or convert water 0.75kg with No. 2 5ml of tomato high yield agent and dip in flower, can add 0.1% the anti-gray mold of 50% carbendazol wettable powder in the solution
B, water and fertilizer management
Growth soil in early stage is seen dried wet, and the entering fruit harvesting phase keeps ground moistening,
Impose nitrogenous fertilizer (N) 3kg in conjunction with per 667 ㎡ of pour seedling recovering water, per 667 ㎡ that combine when the first fringe fruit stone peach is big to water impose nitrogenous fertilizer (N) 3kg (folding urea 6.5kg), potash fertilizer (K20) 5kg (folding potassium sulphate 10kg); Second and third fringe fruit expanding stage rapidly begins; Topdress 3 times, impose nitrogenous fertilizer (N) 2kg (folding urea 4.3kg) at every turn, get into fruiting period; Can be in the urea liquid or 0.2%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of fine day dusk foliage-spray 0.3%~0.5%
C, temperature, humidity
Temperature treatment is seen table 2:
Temperature treatment list position after table 2 field planting: ℃
Each period, suitable ground temperature was 18 ℃~22 ℃,
Moisture management:
Growth relative air humidity in early stage maintains 60%~65%, and the growth middle and later periods maintains 45%~55%,
D, other management
Water under high ridge plastic mulching, drip irrigation, the film, temp. and humidity is regulated in the control water yield, measure such as leak informaton in time, makes not dewfall of blade.When the extraneous minimum air temperature is stabilized in 12 ℃, can leak informaton round the clock,
E, plant adjustment
Training is gone alone in employing, in time destroys side shoot, extracts bottom Lao Ye, Huang Ye, and the indeterminate growth type is according to cultivation needs, stop fruit ear after, erase terminal bud, to sterilize before operating and wash one's hands,
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest
The use of each pesticide species will strictly observe safety interval,
A, physical control
Yellow plate trapping trialeurodes vaporariorum
With 10cm * 20cm rectangle cardboard colored yellow paint, be coated with one deck machine oil simultaneously, hang over and exceed the plant top in the ranks, 30~40 of per 667 ㎡.When yellow plate sticks trialeurodes vaporariorum, be coated with machine oil again one time, general 7d~10d recoat once,
B, chemical control disease
Late blight
Dispenser behind the appearance primary infection focus:
A) 5% tpn dust method is: 15kg/h ㎡ (1kg/667 ㎡) dusts, and 7d sprays once,
B) with 45% tpn aerosol, per 667 ㎡ 110g~180g divide 5~6 places, light at dusk to close canopy and spend the night, and 7d is smoked once, connect smoked 3~4 times,
C) reveal 400~600 times of liquid of wetting powder with 72% gram, or 72.2% generally make every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid sprayings of aqua, behind the medicine vexed canopy of short time heat up antibacterial, better effects if,
Early blight
The method of preventing and treating when occurring with late blight is identical,
C, chemical control insect
Trialeurodes vaporariorum
With 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid Chinese herbal medicine powder wetting powder; The constituent and the weight portion of described 10% Imidacloprid Chinese herbal medicine powder wetting powder are: its per 100 parts of raw materials by following weight portion are processed: Imidacloprid 10; Celastrus angulatus 9-11; Chameajasme 9-11; Kuh-seng 9-11; Tabernaemontanus bulrush flower 4-6; Rhizome of cyrtomium 4-6; Camptotheca acuminata root skin 4-6; Chinese prickly ash 4-6; Coptis 4-6; Monkshood 4-6; Betel nut 2-3; Seal chinaberry 2-3; Caulis perllae 2-3; Kaladana 2-3; Honeycomb 2-3; Banksia rose 2-3; Tuber of stemona 2-3; Thunder godvine 2-3
Wherein, every kind of Chinese herbal medicine all carry through water or organic solvent extraction after allocate insecticide into the form of extract of water extract or organic solvent.
Six, cleaning rural area
The timely disease of plant, old, the Huang Ye and really sick of extracing pulls out diseased plant, before pruning, pruning, with phosphoric acid soap washing hand, prevents to operate the contagion virus disease;
Seven, gather
Fruit can in time be gathered according to the market demand after getting into colour-change period.
The present invention has following clear superiority:
1: the environment of tomato growth is pollution-free, and the kind of selection is good, the tamato fruit of gathering in the crops size evenly, epidermis is smooth, commodity increases substantially;
2: the consumption of the fertilizer of using is few, and what the Chinese herbal medicine medicine was fertile uses, and has both reduced agricultural residually, is beneficial to tomato growth again and obtains high yield;
3: good kind, the use that the Chinese herbal medicine medicine is fertile improves the disease resistance of tomato, and the whole growth phase, used agricultural chemicals reduced greatly, had further reduced agricultural residual.
Embodiment
1, the cultivation method of a kind of nuisanceless tomato is characterized in that: specifically comprise following content:
One, grows seedlings
(1) adopt open country to grow seedlings, have the rainproof facility that shades, the seed of selecting for use will meet the quality requirement of GB8079;
Per 667 ㎡ use kind of a 35g~40g,
(2) seed treatment
Seed is soaked 10min~15min in 55 ℃ of warm water, and constantly stirs water temperature is descended 30 ℃ the time, continue to soak 6h~8h, clean mucus with clear water again,
(3) vernalization
The seed of handling well is wrapped with wet cloth, be placed on 25 ℃~30 ℃ and locate vernalization, every day is with flushing with clean water 1 time, whenever stirs 1 time at a distance from 4h~6h, during 60% seed germination, can sow behind 2d~3d,
(4) bed of growing seedlings is prepared
A, the configuration of bed soil
Select that not plant the fertile garden mould of tomato section vegetables in nearly 3 years even by the 2:1 mixed with the barnyard manure that sieves of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed for use, every cubic metre adds N:P
20
5: K
20 is 15:15 NPK 2kg, and Tu Pu goes into the seedbed with bed, and thickness 10cm~12cm, or the 10cm that packs into * 10cm nutritive cube pile up in the seedbed,
B, bed soil disinfection
Mix by 1:1 with 50% thiram wettable powder with 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Or 25% metalaxyl wettable Chinese herbal medicine powder mix by 9:1 with 70% mancozeb wettable powder; Mix by every square metre of medication 8g~10g and the 4kg~5kg fine earth that sieves; 2/3 is layered on bed surface during sowing; 1/3 overlays on the seedling; Chinese herbal medicine powder in the wherein said 25% metalaxyl wettable Chinese herbal medicine powder; Be prepared from following bulk drugs, the weight portion of each bulk drug is: Platycarya strobilacea 8-10, horse chestnut 8-10, Golden Larch Bark 8-10, rhizoma nardostachyos 8-10, tuber of stemona 8-10, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 8-10, coptis 8-10, withy 8-10, chilli seed 8-10, fortune paulownia flower 8-10, paulownia sawdust 8-10, yew 8-10, anemone vitifolia 8-10, wilson passionflower herb 8-10, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10, Chinese scholartree root 8-10, yew 8-10, Fructus Gleditsiae microcarpae 8-10, david poplar root-bark 8-10, Chinese wild pepper 8-10, Lindley Butterflybush Herb 8-10, Embelia subcoridcea (C. B. Cl.) Mez 8-10, radix aconiti agrestis 8-10, windproof 8-10, elscholtiza 8-10, seal chinaberry 8-10, schizonepeta 8-10, purple perilla 8-10, mulberry leaf 8-10, field pennycress 8-10, Sargent gloryvine 8-10, datura flower 8-10, Herba Andrographitis 8-10, cordate houttuynia 8-10
During preparation; Extract by each weight portion mixes; Perhaps by mixing after each weight portion coarse crushing, water or 70-75% ethanol or extracted by ether secondary obtain extract medicinal extract; The drying and grinding powdered joins to mix in the 25% metalaxyl wetting powder according to the weight ratio of 10:100 during use and obtains 25% metalaxyl wettable Chinese herbal medicine powder;
C, seedling implement sterilization
Seedling implement is sprayed or soaking disinfection with 300 times of liquid formalin or 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate,
(5) sowing
A, sowing time
Stubble mid or late July autumn and winter, open country late January in spring is to early Febuary; The canopy chamber autumn is delayed mid or late June,
B, type of seeding
Water vola water, water oozes back again one deck fine earth or medicine soil, with the seed uniform broadcasting in bed surface, multiple fine earth or medicine soil 1cm~1.2cm;
(6) seedling management
A, temperature treatment, see table 1:
The table 1 temperature treatment list position in batch seedling stage of surviving the winter: ℃
Period | Suitable day temperature | The temperature at night suits |
Sowing is to neat seedling | 25~30 | 15~18 |
Qi Miao is to dividing seedling preceding 1 week | 20~25 | 14~16 |
Divide seedling to slow seedling | 25~28 | 15~18 |
Behind the slow seedling to the field planting 1 week | 18~22 | 14~16 |
Field planting preceding 1 thoughtful field planting | 16~18 | 8~10 |
B, thinning
Divide the preceding thinning of seedling 1-2 times, about spacing 3cm, the time of reaching is fallen disease seedling, weak seedling, seedling and assorted seedling, covers fine earth after the thinning once,
C, branch seedling
Seedling 2 leaves 1 heart time-division seedling is ditched on minute seedbed by 10 cm * 10 cm seeding row spacings, and sufficient water is planted seedling, or directly divides seedling in 10cm * 10cm nutritive cube;
Manage behind d, the branch seedling
Hoe up weeds 1~2 time after dividing seedling, not non-irrigatedly do not water, water was watered 1 time in field planting in preceding 7 days, lifting village seedling two days later, 100 times of anti-virus induction agent of NS83 of field planting spray in preceding 3 days;
Two, prepare before the field planting
Site preparation and fertilization
General cultivation
Wide 1.2m, long 5m~8m furrow are in outdoor cropping, every ridge cultivation two row; Booth cultivation is pressed wide row space 80cm, and little line-spacing 40cm plays half high ridge, has covered mulch film,
The base manure kind is main with high-quality fertilizer, chemical fertilizer commonly used, composite fertilizer etc.; Under the medium fertility condition, execute the high-quality hog manure 5000~6000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with per 667 ㎡ wholely, nitrogenous fertilizer N 5kg (folding urea 10.9kg), phosphate fertilizer (P205) 6kg (folding superphosphate 50kg), potash fertilizer (K20) 5kg (folding potassium sulphate 10kg),
Three, field planting
A, field planting time
Stubble late August~early September autumn and winter, Winter-Spring stubble late January is to early Febuary; Open country late April in spring is to the first tenday period of a month in May; The canopy chamber autumn and winter are delayed early and middle ten days in late July to August,
B, plantation density
Per 667 ㎡ are 3000 strains~4000 strains, distance between rows and hills 60cm * (28~35) cm
D, field planting method
Leave dark 10cm~12cm ditch by distance between rows and hills, plastic mulching to dig the cave, sufficient water is planted seedling, earthing is no more than cotyledon,
Four, manage after the field planting
A, dip in flower and fruit
Protection ground and spring outdoor cropping are in earlier stage; The flowers are in blossom when putting as first of inflorescence; With the drop-proof agent solution spraying decoration of concentration 20mg~30mg/kg or convert water 0.75kg with No. 2 5ml of tomato high yield agent and dip in flower, can add 0.1% the anti-gray mold of 50% carbendazol wettable powder in the solution
B, water and fertilizer management
Growth soil in early stage is seen dried wet, and the entering fruit harvesting phase keeps ground moistening,
Per 667 ㎡ impose urea 6.5kg in conjunction with pour seedling recovering water, and per 667 ㎡ that combine when the first fringe fruit stone peach is big to water impose urea 6.5kg, potassium sulphate 10kg; Second and third fringe fruit expanding stage rapidly begins; Topdress 3 times, impose urea 4.3kg at every turn, get into fruiting period; Can be in the urea liquid or 0.2%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of fine day dusk foliage-spray 0.3%~0.5%
C, temperature, humidity
Temperature treatment is seen table 2:
Temperature treatment list position after table 2 field planting: ℃
Each period, suitable ground temperature was 18 ℃~22 ℃,
Moisture management:
Growth relative air humidity in early stage maintains 60%~65%, and the growth middle and later periods maintains 45%~55%,
D, other management
Water under high ridge plastic mulching, drip irrigation, the film, temp. and humidity is regulated in the control water yield, measure such as leak informaton in time, makes not dewfall of blade.When the extraneous minimum air temperature is stabilized in 12 ℃, can leak informaton round the clock,
E, plant adjustment
Training is gone alone in employing, in time destroys side shoot, extracts bottom Lao Ye, Huang Ye, and the indeterminate growth type is according to cultivation needs, stop fruit ear after, erase terminal bud, to sterilize before operating and wash one's hands,
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest
The use of each pesticide species will strictly observe safety interval,
A, physical control
Yellow plate trapping trialeurodes vaporariorum
With 10cm * 20cm rectangle cardboard colored yellow paint, be coated with one deck machine oil simultaneously, hang over and exceed the plant top in the ranks, 30~40 of per 667 ㎡.When yellow plate sticks trialeurodes vaporariorum, be coated with machine oil again one time, general 7d~10d recoat once,
B, chemical control disease
Late blight
Dispenser behind the appearance primary infection focus:
A) 5% tpn dust method is: 15kg/h ㎡ (1kg/667 ㎡) dusts, and 7d sprays once,
B) with 45% tpn aerosol, per 667 ㎡ 110g~180g divide 5~6 places, light at dusk to close canopy and spend the night, and 7d is smoked once, connect smoked 3~4 times,
C) reveal 400~600 times of liquid of wetting powder with 72% gram, or 72.2% generally make every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid sprayings of aqua, behind the medicine vexed canopy of short time heat up antibacterial, better effects if,
Early blight
The method of preventing and treating when occurring with late blight is identical,
C, chemical control insect
Trialeurodes vaporariorum
With 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid Chinese herbal medicine powder wetting powder; The constituent and the weight portion of described 10% Imidacloprid Chinese herbal medicine powder wetting powder are: its per 100 parts of raw materials by following weight portion are processed: Imidacloprid 10; Celastrus angulatus 9-11; Chameajasme 9-11; Kuh-seng 9-11; Tabernaemontanus bulrush flower 4-6; Rhizome of cyrtomium 4-6; Camptotheca acuminata root skin 4-6; Chinese prickly ash 4-6; Coptis 4-6; Monkshood 4-6; Betel nut 2-3; Seal chinaberry 2-3; Caulis perllae 2-3; Kaladana 2-3; Honeycomb 2-3; Banksia rose 2-3; Tuber of stemona 2-3; Thunder godvine 2-3
Wherein, every kind of Chinese herbal medicine all carry through water or organic solvent extraction after allocate insecticide into the form of extract of water extract or organic solvent.
Six, cleaning rural area
The timely disease of plant, old, the Huang Ye and really sick of extracing pulls out diseased plant, before pruning, pruning, with phosphoric acid soap washing hand, prevents to operate the contagion virus disease;
Seven, gather
Fruit can in time be gathered according to the market demand after getting into colour-change period.
Claims (1)
1. the cultivation method of a nuisanceless tomato is characterized in that: specifically comprise following content:
One, grows seedlings
(1) adopt open country to grow seedlings, have the rainproof facility that shades, the seed of selecting for use will meet the quality requirement of GB8079;
Per 667 ㎡ use kind of a 35g~40g,
(2) seed treatment
Seed is soaked 10min~15min in 55 ℃ of warm water, and constantly stirs water temperature is descended 30 ℃ the time, continue to soak 6h~8h, clean mucus with clear water again,
(3) vernalization
The seed of handling well is wrapped with wet cloth, be placed on 25 ℃~30 ℃ and locate vernalization, every day is with flushing with clean water 1 time, whenever stirs 1 time at a distance from 4h~6h, during 60% seed germination, can sow behind 2d~3d,
(4) bed of growing seedlings is prepared
A, the configuration of bed soil
Select that not plant the fertile garden mould of tomato section vegetables in nearly 3 years even by the 2:1 mixed with the barnyard manure that sieves of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed for use, every cubic metre adds N:P
20
5: K
20 is 15:15 NPK 2kg, and Tu Pu goes into the seedbed with bed, and thickness 10cm~12cm, or the 10cm that packs into * 10cm nutritive cube pile up in the seedbed,
B, bed soil disinfection
Mix by 1:1 with 50% thiram wettable powder with 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Or 25% metalaxyl wettable Chinese herbal medicine powder mix by 9:1 with 70% mancozeb wettable powder; Mix by every square metre of medication 8g~10g and the 4kg~5kg fine earth that sieves; 2/3 is layered on bed surface during sowing; 1/3 overlays on the seedling; Chinese herbal medicine powder in the wherein said 25% metalaxyl wettable Chinese herbal medicine powder; Be prepared from following bulk drugs, the weight portion of each bulk drug is: Platycarya strobilacea 8-10, horse chestnut 8-10, Golden Larch Bark 8-10, rhizoma nardostachyos 8-10, tuber of stemona 8-10, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 8-10, coptis 8-10, withy 8-10, chilli seed 8-10, fortune paulownia flower 8-10, paulownia sawdust 8-10, yew 8-10, anemone vitifolia 8-10, wilson passionflower herb 8-10, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10, Chinese scholartree root 8-10, yew 8-10, Fructus Gleditsiae microcarpae 8-10, david poplar root-bark 8-10, Chinese wild pepper 8-10, Lindley Butterflybush Herb 8-10, Embelia subcoridcea (C. B. Cl.) Mez 8-10, radix aconiti agrestis 8-10, windproof 8-10, elscholtiza 8-10, seal chinaberry 8-10, schizonepeta 8-10, purple perilla 8-10, mulberry leaf 8-10, field pennycress 8-10, Sargent gloryvine 8-10, datura flower 8-10, Herba Andrographitis 8-10, cordate houttuynia 8-10
During preparation; Extract by each weight portion mixes; Perhaps by mixing after each weight portion coarse crushing, water or 70-75% ethanol or extracted by ether secondary obtain extract medicinal extract; The drying and grinding powdered joins to mix in the 25% metalaxyl wetting powder according to the weight ratio of 10:100 during use and obtains 25% metalaxyl wettable Chinese herbal medicine powder;
C, seedling implement sterilization
Seedling implement is sprayed or soaking disinfection with 300 times of liquid formalin or 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate,
(5) sowing
A, sowing time
Stubble mid or late July autumn and winter, open country late January in spring is to early Febuary; The canopy chamber autumn is delayed mid or late June,
B, type of seeding
Water vola water, water oozes back again one deck fine earth or medicine soil, with the seed uniform broadcasting in bed surface, multiple fine earth or medicine soil 1cm~1.2cm;
(6) seedling management
A, temperature treatment, see table 1:
The table 1 temperature treatment list position in batch seedling stage of surviving the winter: ℃
B, thinning
Divide the preceding thinning of seedling 1-2 times, about spacing 3cm, the time of reaching is fallen disease seedling, weak seedling, seedling and assorted seedling, covers fine earth after the thinning once,
C, branch seedling
Seedling 2 leaves 1 heart time-division seedling is ditched on minute seedbed by 10 cm * 10 cm seeding row spacings, and sufficient water is planted seedling, or directly divides seedling in 10cm * 10cm nutritive cube;
Manage behind d, the branch seedling
Hoe up weeds 1~2 time after dividing seedling, not non-irrigatedly do not water, water was watered 1 time in field planting in preceding 7 days, lifting village seedling two days later, 100 times of anti-virus induction agent of NS83 of field planting spray in preceding 3 days;
Two, prepare before the field planting
Site preparation and fertilization
General cultivation
Wide 1.2m, long 5m~8m furrow are in outdoor cropping, every ridge cultivation two row; Booth cultivation is pressed wide row space 80cm, and little line-spacing 40cm plays half high ridge, has covered mulch film,
The base manure kind is main with high-quality fertilizer, chemical fertilizer commonly used, composite fertilizer etc.; Under the medium fertility condition, execute the high-quality hog manure 5000~6000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with per 667 ㎡ wholely, nitrogenous fertilizer N 5kg (folding urea 10.9kg), phosphate fertilizer (P205) 6kg (folding superphosphate 50kg), potash fertilizer (K20) 5kg (folding potassium sulphate 10kg),
Three, field planting
A, field planting time
Stubble late August~early September autumn and winter, Winter-Spring stubble late January is to early Febuary; Open country late April in spring is to the first tenday period of a month in May; The canopy chamber autumn and winter are delayed early and middle ten days in late July to August,
B, plantation density
Per 667 ㎡ are 3000 strains~4000 strains, distance between rows and hills 60cm * (28~35) cm
D, field planting method
Leave dark 10cm~12cm ditch by distance between rows and hills, plastic mulching to dig the cave, sufficient water is planted seedling, earthing is no more than cotyledon,
Four, manage after the field planting
A, dip in flower and fruit
Protection ground and spring outdoor cropping are in earlier stage; The flowers are in blossom when putting as first of inflorescence; With the drop-proof agent solution spraying decoration of concentration 20mg~30mg/kg or convert water 0.75kg with No. 2 5ml of tomato high yield agent and dip in flower, can add 0.1% the anti-gray mold of 50% carbendazol wettable powder in the solution
B, water and fertilizer management
Growth soil in early stage is seen dried wet, and the entering fruit harvesting phase keeps ground moistening,
Impose nitrogenous fertilizer (N) 3kg in conjunction with per 667 ㎡ of pour seedling recovering water, per 667 ㎡ that combine when the first fringe fruit stone peach is big to water impose nitrogenous fertilizer (N) 3kg, potash fertilizer (K20) 5kg; Second and third fringe fruit expanding stage rapidly begins; Topdress 3 times, impose nitrogenous fertilizer (N) 2kg at every turn, get into fruiting period; Can be in the urea liquid or 0.2%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of fine day dusk foliage-spray 0.3%~0.5%
C, temperature, humidity
Temperature treatment is seen table 2:
Temperature treatment list position after table 2 field planting: ℃
Each period, suitable ground temperature was 18 ℃~22 ℃,
Moisture management:
Growth relative air humidity in early stage maintains 60%~65%, and the growth middle and later periods maintains 45%~55%,
D, other management
Water under high ridge plastic mulching, drip irrigation, the film, temp. and humidity is regulated in the control water yield, measure such as leak informaton in time, makes not dewfall of blade;
When the extraneous minimum air temperature is stabilized in 12 ℃, can leak informaton round the clock,
E, plant adjustment
Training is gone alone in employing, in time destroys side shoot, extracts bottom Lao Ye, Huang Ye, and the indeterminate growth type is according to cultivation needs, stop fruit ear after, erase terminal bud, to sterilize before operating and wash one's hands,
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest
The use of each pesticide species will strictly observe safety interval,
A, physical control
Yellow plate trapping trialeurodes vaporariorum
With 10cm * 20cm rectangle cardboard colored yellow paint, be coated with one deck machine oil simultaneously, hang over and exceed the plant top in the ranks, 30~40 of per 667 ㎡;
When yellow plate sticks trialeurodes vaporariorum, be coated with machine oil again one time, general 7d~10d recoat once,
B, chemical control disease
Late blight
Dispenser behind the appearance primary infection focus:
A) 5% tpn dust method is: 15kg/h ㎡ (1kg/667 ㎡) dusts, and 7d sprays once,
B) with 45% tpn aerosol, per 667 ㎡ 110g~180g divide 5~6 places, light at dusk to close canopy and spend the night, and 7d is smoked once, connect smoked 3~4 times,
C) reveal 400~600 times of liquid of wetting powder with 72% gram, or 72.2% generally make every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid sprayings of aqua, behind the medicine vexed canopy of short time heat up antibacterial, better effects if,
Early blight
The method of preventing and treating when occurring with late blight is identical,
C, chemical control insect
Trialeurodes vaporariorum
With 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid Chinese herbal medicine powder wetting powder; The constituent and the weight portion of described 10% Imidacloprid Chinese herbal medicine powder wetting powder are: its per 100 parts of raw materials by following weight portion are processed: Imidacloprid 10; Celastrus angulatus 9-11; Chameajasme 9-11; Kuh-seng 9-11; Tabernaemontanus bulrush flower 4-6; Rhizome of cyrtomium 4-6; Camptotheca acuminata root skin 4-6; Chinese prickly ash 4-6; Coptis 4-6; Monkshood 4-6; Betel nut 2-3; Seal chinaberry 2-3; Caulis perllae 2-3; Kaladana 2-3; Honeycomb 2-3; Banksia rose 2-3; Tuber of stemona 2-3; Thunder godvine 2-3
Wherein, every kind of Chinese herbal medicine all carry through water or organic solvent extraction after allocate insecticide into the form of extract of water extract or organic solvent;
Six, cleaning rural area
The timely disease of plant, old, the Huang Ye and really sick of extracing pulls out diseased plant, before pruning, pruning, with phosphoric acid soap washing hand, prevents to operate the contagion virus disease;
Seven, gather
Fruit can in time be gathered according to the market demand after getting into colour-change period.
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Application publication date: 20121024 |