CN104584820A

CN104584820A - Method for preventing and treating greenhouse tomato root-knot nematode employing gynura bicolor accompanying

Info

Publication number: CN104584820A
Application number: CN201510003319.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 史庆华; 巩彪; 靳志勇; 黄晓荣; 何川; 魏珉; 王秀峰; 杨凤娟
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2015-01-06
Filing date: 2015-01-06
Publication date: 2015-05-06

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating greenhouse tomato root-knot nematodes employing gynura bicolor accompanying. Tomatoes are taken as main cultivated crops; gynura bicolor is taken as an accompanied cultivated plant; the gynura bicolor is planted on the inner side and the outer side of a tomato row and between plants in a traditional sunlight greenhouse or a greenhouse tomato cultivation mode. According to the method, breeding and infection of the root-knot nematodes are reduced by the biological diversity and the allelopathy principle of mutual promotion and restraint between plants and between the plants and nematodes; the target of green prevention and treatment of the greenhouse tomato root-knot nematodes is reached. According to the method, the amount of a pesticide in tomato production can be greatly reduced; the environmental pollution is reduced; the safety of the product is ensured; the method has obvious economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits.

Description

A kind of method of Gynura bicolor association facility for prevention and control tomato root-knot eelworm

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of Gynura bicolor association facility for prevention and control tomato root-knot eelworm, belong to soil-borne diseases of vegetable bionomic control field.

Two, technical background

The plantation year after year of facilities vegetable, causes root region soil physics and chemistry and biological property to become bad, root-knot nematode day by day increase the weight of the limiting factor becoming the facilities vegetable sustainable developments such as tomato.Root-knot nematode is once occur, and tomato yield can reduce by more than 50%, can cause total crop failure time serious.Mainly the Agro-chemicals controls such as methyl bromide are adopted in current production, but serious to depletion of the ozone layer due to it, according to " Montreal Protocol Copenhagen amendment ", application will be forbidden in the world from methyl bromide in 2015.Therefore, the focus that the method substituting the soil-borne diseases such as methyl bromide control root-knot nematode becomes agricultural science and technology worker research is in recent years found.As some novelthe application of chemical synthetic pesticide, Avermectin and some biocontrol microorganisms, but because of it or there is high malicious high residue, environmental pollution is serious, or control efficiency is limited, and the term of validity is shorter, and control efficiency is still undesirable.In recent years, utilize the research of bionomic control soil-borne disease in the ascendant, as America and Europe countryutilize the feature that the vegetables such as Cruciferae contain mustard seed sulphur glycosides to adopt the method for Biofumigation control root-knot nematode to achieve larger progress, and carried out applying comparatively widely.In addition, utilize accompanying plant to improve staple crops root district environment and also have good effect to prevent and treat soil-borne disease, make some progress with the research of green onion garlic class, beans, wheat accompanying plant control soil-borne diseases of vegetable at present, and relatively less about the Effect disquisition of other plant association.Therefore exploitation screening can have great importance in the high-quality and efficient production of accompanying plant to facilities vegetable of high-efficiency prevention and control soil-borne diseases of vegetable.

Three, summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to the some shortcomings of control tomato root-knot eelworm method at present, provide a kind of method of Gynura bicolor association facility for prevention and control tomato root-knot eelworm; Be utilize Gynura bicolor association, improve tomato root district micro-ecological environment, thus reach the object of ecology, environmental protection, safety, efficiently prevention and control root-knot nematode.

Innovation of the present invention is using tomato as main cultivation crop, and Gynura bicolor, as accompanying plant, on the basis of greenhouse tomato conventional cultivation method, plants Gynura bicolor in tomato row, between row both sides and strain.

a kind of method of Gynura bicolor association facility for prevention and control tomato root-knot eelworm, comprise following key step:

(1) seeding and seedling raising: by the tomato after employing point disk seedling growing according to wide row space 80cm, little line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 40cm field planting.Centre position field planting 5-10cm Gynura bicolor cuttage seeding again between the capable both sides of each tomato planting and same plantation row two tomatoes; The distance that tomato planting capable both sides Gynura bicolor is capable apart from tomato planting is 7cm, and the spacing in the rows of tomato planting capable both sides Gynura bicolor is 10cm;

(2) cultivation management: using the emphasis of main cultivation crop tomato as production management, when Gynura bicolor height is close to seedling tomato height or higher than seedling tomato height 50cm, Gynura bicolor overground part 5-10m is wiped out results with upper part, so neither affect the growth of tomato, Gynura bicolor continued growth can be ensured again thus continue to play a role as accompanying plant.

5-10cm Gynura bicolor cuttage seeding described in step () can before tomato field planting 15-20 days by its cuttage seeding cuttage to field, also in can first the cuttage of Gynura bicolor cuttage seeding being coiled to cave for 15-20 days before tomato field planting or other plot, are then transplanted to field by the Gynura bicolor seedling of taking root during tomato field planting together with tomato.

The present invention can make the state of siege being in Gynura bicolor root system around planted Tomato Root System, utilize the allelopathic principle etc. counteracted each other between bio-diversity, plant and between plant and nematode, reduce the breeding of root-knot nematode and infect, reaching the object of greenhouse tomato root-knot nematode green control.

Four, accompanying drawing explanation

fig. 1for a kind of method of Gynura bicolor association facility for prevention and control tomato root-knot eelwormcropping pattern is illustrated figure

in figure1. wide row space; 2. little line-spacing; 3. tomato strain distance; 4. tomato planting is capable; 5. tomato planting capable inside Gynura bicolor; 6. tomato planting capable outside Gynura bicolor; 7. the Gynura bicolor of planting between same plantation row two adjacent tomatoes; 8. tomato planting capable in Gynura bicolor apart from the capable distance of tomato planting; 9. the distance that outside row, Gynura bicolor is capable apart from tomato planting; 10. tomato plant; 11. Gynura bicolor plant.

fig. 2for Gynura bicolor association is to the control efficiency of tomato root-knot eelworm

in figureleft figurefor Gynura bicolor association Tomato Root System, right figurefor without Gynura bicolor association Tomato Root System.Left figurewithout obvious root knot, and right figureroot knot is obvious, shows that Gynura bicolor association significantly reduces root-knot nematode infecting Tomato Root System.

Five, embodiment

Embodiment 1

1. tomato and Gynura bicolor all select point disk seedling growing, and tomato seedling selects the cave in 128 holes to coil, and Gynura bicolor nursery selects the cave in 256 holes to coil.Tomato is 30-40 days seeding and seedling raisings before field planting, and Gynura bicolor is 15-20 days cuttage and seedling cultures before field planting.

2. every 667m ²about the strain of soil plantation tomato 3000, tomato is according to wide row space 80cm, little line-spacing 40cm and spacing in the rows 40cm field planting.Again at the centre position field planting Gynura bicolor often between row tomato both sides and same plantation row two tomatoes; The distance that tomato planting capable both sides Gynura bicolor is capable apart from tomato planting is 7cm, and the spacing in the rows of tomato tomato planting capable both sides Gynura bicolor is 10cm;

3. water in time after tomato and Gynura bicolor field planting, covered ground mulch film.

4. because of the nutrition of Gynura bicolor growth needs, so the fertilizing amount in whole vegetative period need improve 10-15% than planting separately tomato.

5. cultivation management process is centered by tomato, and when Gynura bicolor height is close to tomato (seedling stage) or higher than 50cm, by the part harvesting of overhead more than 10cm, remaining part can continued growth, plays the effect of accompanying plant.

6. based on tomato when gathering, Gynura bicolor as a kind of health-care vegetable, sale of also can gathering.

The beneficial effect that the present invention and existing similar technique can reach:

1. the present invention is on biodiversity basis, utilizes the allelopathy between plant and between plant and nematode, selects Gynura bicolor and tomato to carry out association plantation first.

2. this technology apply on tomato control root-knot nematode effect can reach more than 70%.

3. use this technology to significantly reduce the consumption of agricultural chemicals, reduce soil pollution, improve the safety of product, producing for green vegetables provides effective technical support.

Be described further below by the effect of checking example to Gynura bicolor association control tomato root-knot eelworm of the present invention.

Checking example:

According to fig. 1shown in, test in gardening experiment station of Shandong Agricultural University.

First by tomato presoaking and germinating, adopt point disk seedling growing, when tomato grows to 4 leaf 1 heart, be transplanted to field; In tomato field planting first 15 days, by be highly 10cm Gynura bicolor segment according to fig. 1pattern cuttage to field.

During tomato field planting 20 days, gather in the crops one batch of Gynura bicolor.

During tomato field planting 50 days, then gather in the crops one batch of Gynura bicolor.

During tomato field planting 60 days, get Tomato Root System, observe root knot situation.

as Fig. 2shown in, the tomato root knot index of Gynura bicolor association all below 1 grade, and without the tomato of Gynura bicolor association all more than 5 grades; Show that Gynura bicolor association significantly reduces root-knot nematode infecting Tomato Root System.

Root knot classification is undertaken by following standard:

0 grade, without root knot;

1 grade, root knot radical is had to account for the 0-25% of whole;

3 grades, root knot radical is had to account for the 26-50% of whole;

5 grades, root knot radical is had to account for the 51-75% of whole;

7 grades, root knot radical is had to account for the 76-100% of whole.

Claims

1. a method for Gynura bicolor association facility for prevention and control tomato root-knot eelworm, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

1) seeding and seedling raising: by the tomato after employing point disk seedling growing according to wide row space 80cm, little line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 40cm field planting; Centre position field planting again between the capable both sides of each tomato planting and same plantation row two tomatoes is highly 5-10cm Gynura bicolor cuttage seeding; The distance that tomato planting capable both sides Gynura bicolor is capable apart from tomato planting is 7cm, and the spacing in the rows of tomato planting capable both sides Gynura bicolor is 10cm;

2) cultivation management: using the emphasis of main cultivation crop tomato as production management, when Gynura bicolor height is close to seedling tomato height or higher than seedling tomato height 50cm, Gynura bicolor overground part 5-10m is wiped out results with upper part, so neither affect the growth of tomato, Gynura bicolor continued growth can be ensured again thus continue to play a role as accompanying plant;

Step 1) described in Gynura bicolor cuttage seeding before tomato field planting 15-20 days by its cuttage seeding cuttage to field, or in first the cuttage of Gynura bicolor cuttage seeding being coiled to cave for 15-20 days before tomato field planting or other plot, then during tomato field planting, the Gynura bicolor seedling of taking root is transplanted to field together with tomato.