CN104584820A - Method for preventing and treating greenhouse tomato root-knot nematode employing gynura bicolor accompanying - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling tomato root-knot nematodes associated with G. chinensis in a facility. Tomatoes are used as main crops, and G. syringa is used as an associated plant. In the traditional solar greenhouse or greenhouse tomato cultivation mode, tomato Plant purple-backed geranium in the row, outside the row and between the plants. The invention utilizes the allelopathic principle of biodiversity, plants, and plants and nematodes to reduce the reproduction and infection of root-knot nematodes and achieve the purpose of green control of root-knot nematodes in facilities. The invention can greatly reduce the amount of pesticide used in tomato production, reduce environmental pollution, ensure product safety, and have obvious economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

A method for associated prevention and treatment of tomato root-knot nematodes in facilities

1. Technical field

The invention relates to a method for controlling root-knot nematodes of tomato root-knot nematodes associated with geranium purple back , and belongs to the field of ecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of vegetables.

2. Technical background

The continuous planting of protected vegetables leads to the deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the root zone soil, and the increasing incidence of root-knot nematodes has become a limiting factor for the sustainable development of tomato and other protected vegetables. Once the root-knot nematode occurs, the tomato yield can be reduced by more than 50%, and in severe cases, it can lead to extinction. At present, chemical agents such as methyl bromide are mainly used for prevention and control in production. However, due to its serious damage to the ozone layer, according to the Copenhagen Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, the application of methyl bromide will be banned globally from 2015. Therefore, looking for methods to replace methyl bromide to prevent and control soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematodes has become a research hotspot for agricultural science and technology workers in recent years. For example, the application of some new chemically synthesized pesticides, abamectin and some biocontrol bacteria, but because of their high toxicity and high residue, serious environmental pollution, or limited control effect and short validity period, the control effect is still unsatisfactory. In recent years, research on the use of ecology to prevent and control soil-borne diseases is in the ascendant. For example, in European and American countries , using the characteristics of glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables and other vegetables to use biological fumigation to control root-knot nematodes has made great progress, and more extensive research has been carried out. Applications. In addition, the use of companion plants to improve the root zone environment of major crops to prevent and control soil-borne diseases also has a good effect. At present, some progress has been made in the research on the prevention and treatment of vegetable soil-borne diseases by companion plants of onions, garlic, beans, and wheat. Relatively little research has been done on the effects of plant companionship. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop and screen companion plants that can effectively control vegetable soil-borne diseases for the high-quality and efficient production of facility vegetables.

3. Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at some deficiencies of current methods for preventing and controlling root-knot nematode of tomato, and provides a method for controlling root-knot nematode of tomato root-knot nematode associated with G. purple-backed. The purpose of preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes is ecological, environmental protection, safe and efficient.

The innovation of the present invention lies in that tomato is used as the main crop and geranium geranium is used as an accompanying plant, and geranium geranium is planted in the tomato row, on both sides of the row and between the plants on the basis of the conventional cultivation method of the facility tomato.

A method for the associated prevention and treatment of tomato root-knot nematodes in facilities , comprising the following main steps:

(1) Seeding and raising seedlings: The tomatoes grown in plug trays are planted with a large row spacing of 80 cm, a small row spacing of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of 40 cm. Plant 5-10cm purple-backed geranium cutting seedlings on both sides of each tomato planting row and in the middle between two tomatoes in the same planting row; the distance between the purple-backed geranium on both sides of the tomato planting row is 7cm , and the distance between the plants of the two sides of the tomato planting row is 10cm;

(2) Cultivation management: take the main crop tomato as the key point of production management. When the height of the purple-backed geranium is close to the height of the tomato at the seedling stage or 50 cm higher than the height of the tomato at the seedling stage, the above-ground part of the 5-10 m above the ground of the geranium geranium Cut off the harvest, so that it will not affect the growth of tomato, but also ensure that the purple-backed geranium continues to grow and continue to function as a companion plant.

The 5-10cm purple-backed geranium cutting seedlings described in step (1) can be directly cut into the field 15-20 days before tomato planting, or the purple-backed geranium can be planted 15-20 days before tomato planting. Cutting seedlings are cut into hole trays or other plots, and then the rooted geranium seedlings and tomatoes are transplanted to the field when the tomatoes are planted.

The invention can make the root system of the planted tomato be surrounded by the root system of geranium purpura, utilize the allelopathic principle of biodiversity, plants and nematodes, etc., to reduce the reproduction and infection of root-knot nematodes , reached the purpose of green control of tomato root-knot nematode in facilities.

4. Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of planting mode of a method of planting root-knot nematode of tomato root-knot nematode in associated control facility

In the figure 1. large row spacing; 2. small row spacing; 3. tomato plant spacing; 4. tomato planting row; 5. purple-backed geranium inside the tomato planting row; The purple-backed geranium planted between two adjacent tomatoes in the planting row; 8. The distance between the purple-backed geranium and the tomato planting row in the tomato planting row; 9. The distance between the purple-backed geranium and the tomato planting row outside the row; 10. Tomato plants ; 11. Purple-backed geranium plants.

Figure 2 is the control effect of G. purple-backed associated with root-knot nematode on tomato

The left picture in the picture shows the tomato root system associated with G. japonica, and the right picture shows the tomato root system without geranium. There are no obvious root knots in the left picture , but obvious root knots in the right picture , indicating that the association of G. purpurea significantly reduces the infection of root-knot nematodes on tomato roots.

5. Specific implementation

Example 1

1. Both tomato and geranium seedlings use plugs for seedling cultivation, tomato seedlings use 128-hole plugs, and purple-backed geranium seedlings use 256-hole plugs. Tomato seedlings are sown 30-40 days before planting, and geraniums are grown by cuttings 15-20 days before planting.

2. About 3,000 tomato plants are planted per 667m ² of land, and the tomatoes are planted according to a large row spacing of 80cm, a small row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 40cm. Then colonize the purple-backed geranium on both sides of each row of tomatoes and in the middle between two tomatoes in the same planting row; The distance between the plants of the side purple-backed geranium is 10cm;

3. Water the tomatoes and geranium in time after they are planted, and cover the ground with plastic film.

4. Because the growth of Geranium purple-backed needs nutrition, the amount of fertilization in the whole growth period needs to be increased by 10-15% compared with planting tomatoes alone.

5. The cultivation and management process is centered on tomato. When the height of geranium is close to tomato (seedling stage) or higher than 50cm, the part above 10cm above the ground will be harvested, and the remaining part can continue to grow and play the role of companion plants .

6. Tomatoes are mainly used for harvesting. As a health-care vegetable, geranium can also be harvested and sold.

The beneficial effect that the present invention and existing similar technology can reach:

1. The present invention utilizes the allelopathic effects between plants and between plants and nematodes on the basis of biological diversity, and selects geranium and tomato for companion planting for the first time.

2. The application of this technology on tomato can achieve more than 70% effect of controlling root-knot nematode.

3. The use of this technology significantly reduces the amount of pesticides used, reduces soil pollution, improves product safety, and provides effective technical support for green vegetable production.

The effect of controlling root-knot nematode of tomato root-knot nematode with G. purple-backed nematode associated with the present invention will be further described through a verification example.

Verification example:

As shown in Figure 1 , experiments were carried out at the Horticultural Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University.

First, soak the tomato seeds to accelerate germination, and use plugs to grow seedlings. When the tomato grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, transplant it to the field; 15 days before the tomato planting, cut the 10cm-high geranium in accordance with the pattern in Figure 1 . to the fields.

When the tomatoes are planted for 20 days, harvest a bunch of geraniums.

When the tomatoes are planted for 50 days, harvest another batch of geranium.

When the tomato was planted for 60 days, the tomato root system was taken to observe the root knot condition.

As shown in Figure 2 , the root-knot index of tomatoes associated with G. purpurea were all below grade 1, while the tomatoes without G. purpurea associated were all above grade 5; Infestation of tomato roots.

Root knot classification is carried out according to the following standards:

Level 0, no root knot;

Grade 1, the number of roots with roots accounts for 0-25% of the entire root;

Grade 3, the number of roots with roots accounts for 26-50% of the entire root;

Grade 5, rooted roots account for 51-75% of the entire root;

Grade 7, the number of roots with roots accounts for 76-100% of the whole root.

Claims (1)

1. a method for the root-knot nematode of tomato root-knot nematode in associated prevention and treatment facilities of G. violet-backed, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: 1) Sowing and raising seedlings: the tomatoes grown in hole trays are planted according to a large row spacing of 80 cm, a small row spacing of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of 40 cm; Cutting seedlings of 5-10cm purple-backed geranium; the distance between the purple-backed geranium on both sides of the tomato planting row is 7cm from the tomato planting row, and the plant spacing of the purple-backed geranium on both sides of the tomato planting row is 10cm; 2) Cultivation management: take the main crop tomato as the focus of production management. When the height of the purple-backed geranium is close to the height of the tomato at the seedling stage or 50cm higher than the height of the tomato at the seedling stage, cut off the above-ground part of the geranium geranium 5-10m above the ground Harvest, so that it will not affect the growth of tomatoes, but also ensure that the purple-backed geranium continues to grow and continue to function as a companion plant; The cuttage seedlings of the purple-backed geranium described in step 1) are directly cut into the field 15-20 days before the tomato planting, or the cuttages of the purple-backed geranium are first cut into the hole plate 15-20 days before the tomato planting or other plots, and then when the tomatoes are planted, the rooted geranium seedlings and tomatoes are transplanted to the field.