CN103975718B - A kind of shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature - Google Patents
A kind of shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 244000203593 Piper nigrum Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 241000722363 Piper Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 19
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature, including herein below: fine variety production, nurturing staff, in good time field planting, cultivation management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and the operation such as gather；Shed for pepper spring ealy maturing culture technology, can make Fructus Capsici do sth. in advance 30 40d in vegetable listing in dull season, period of maturation than outdoor cropping, and per mu yield is up to 3000kg.This technology implementation is simple, workable, wide adaptability, meets the market in the dull season demand to Fructus Capsici in early spring.In the technology of the present invention production process, pest and disease damage is few, and the Quality of Capsicum of gained is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, be specifically related to a kind of shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature.
Background technology
Fructus Capsici is a kind of important vegetable and flavoring agent, and its nutritive value is the highest, containing multivitamin with micro-
Secondary element, such as vitamin C, B, carotene, calcium, ferrum, phosphorus etc., research proves that per kilogram is peppery
Containing vitamin C in green pepper is 1050 milligrams, is 21 times of Fructus Solani melongenae, 5 times of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Chinese cabbage
4 times, 3 times of white turnip.Fructus Capsici has warming middle-JIAO, cold expelling, the effect whetting the appetite, help digestion.Fructus Capsici is planted early spring
In 30-40 days to be shifted to an earlier date than outdoor cropping of the period of maturation of training, unit price is high, and profitable, market potential is big.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature, it is characterised in that include herein below:
(1), Fruit variety preferably select high-quality, disease-resistant, precocious, high yield, plant type is compact, be suitable to dense planting
Kind；
(2), nursery nurturing staff
A, the preparation of cover soil
The field soil of solanaceous crops, the proportions of the 30-40% fertilizer through becoming thoroughly decomposed is not planted by 60-70% before nursery
Nutrition Soil, every lm3Nutrition Soil adds 2-3kg calcium superphosphate, 1-2kg Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, 1-2g
Borax, 1-2g zinc sulfate, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve；
B, sowing seedbed prepare
Before sowing, seedling raising greenhouse and buckle film within 3-5 days, should be taken, clean out a drain, first place mat 1cm below seedbed
Thick nutritional drugs soil, makes wide 1.2-1.3m, the seedbed of high 10-15cm with Nutrition Soil, carefully harrows leveling, broadcast
Vola water is watered before Zhong；
C, sowing
Sowing time is typically precocious in mid or late October；
First by seed dry in the sun 2-3h under the low light level before broadcasting, then scald with the hot water of about 50-60 DEG C and plant and be stirred continuously
10-15min, then with the citric acid clear water solution seed soaking 2-3h of room temperature 2-3%, pull out, soak 3-4h with clear water,
Drain and wait to broadcast；First spray saturating Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, then 1cm thickness nutritional drugs soil in upper cover with water,
Wherein nutritional drugs soil preparation by every square meter seedbed 5g50% thiram and 3g3% ground worm kill star, 2g areca powder and
Under the nutritional drugs soil that appropriate Nutrition Soil mixes, each pad covers 1cm thickness, then covering with plastic film, puts up Small plastic shed,
Add a cover straw screen or mat night, after lid has been planted, then covering with plastic film, put up Small plastic shed overlay film, add a cover straw screen or mat night；
D, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, throw off mulch film and straw screen or mat that bed surface covers；The temperature treatment of seedling bed is to cultivate to strengthen
The key of Seedling, period maintenance higher temperature of emerging, by taking off the opaque covering of late lid；Regulation ventilation is with logical
The wind time regulates the temperature and humidity in canopy；Early thinning keeps rational density；Spread 1-2 time to bed surface carefully to do
Soil, does not make furrow face chap, and reduces moisture evaporation, and the temperature requirement of period of emerging is day temperature about 29 DEG C, night
Temperature 15-18 DEG C, seedling all sprouts, and after cotyledon flattens, suitably lowers the temperature, in case high foot Seedling, before point Seedling 3-4 days,
Suitably lower the temperature seedling exercising, in order to slow Seedling；
E, point Seedling
Before point Seedling 7-10 days, it is about the ratio of 1:10 in the area ratio of point Seedling canopy with cultivation canopy, builds a point Seedling
Booth the in time vexed canopy of buckle film, furrow face in leveling canopy, make wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil
High furrow, thin rake leveling furrow face, pour into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube of about 10 × 10cm and put in furrow face, often
Row's 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered arrangement, squeeze tight, every 667 cultivation field need to about 4000-4500, alms bowl processed,
When calendar seedling age 30-35 days, tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, fine day can be selected to divide Seedling, before point Seedling, furrow face is beaten permeable,
Limit lifting, limit are transplanted, water in limit, and the cultivation Seedling degree of depth is buried to cotyledonary node 1-2cm with Nutrition Soil and is advisable, 1-2 days
Interior arch bar of inserting on point seedbed builds Small plastic shed overlay film, adds a cover straw screen or mat night, closes canopy 3-5 days, after slow Seedling, enters
Enter thermophilic management, 10-15 days gradually low temperature seedling exercising under the conditions of 13-15 DEG C before field planting；
(3), field planting
Cultivation field arranges
The front land for growing field crops of field planting combines whole land and executes high-quality farm manure 2000-3000 kilogram become thoroughly decomposed, calcium superphosphate 25
Kilogram, soil conditioner 20-30kg, implement rotary tillage, the thinner leveling of rake, bedding of ditching after sprinkling evenly, make
Wide 1.8-2.0 rice, the cultivating bed of high 15-20cm, and reserve operate between the furrow of wide 30-50cm ditch and
Suitably booth limit is empty, the 7-10 days scaffolding vexed canopies of buckle film before field planting；
Survival after transplant in good time
In mid or late December, selecting have selected varietal characteristic, tool 6-7 sheet true leaf, leaf color is dark green, cane is thick
Strong internode is short, strong sprout without pest and disease damage, selects successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 33 × 45cm, and waters in time
Thoroughly determine root water, the flat cave of blinding harmony root, then in the ranks lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film in furrow face and put Seedling, immediately
Slotting arch bar builds Small plastic shed overlay film；
(4), booth management
Vexed canopy 3-5 days after field planting, suitable aeration-cooling recovery room temperature management after slow Seedling, i.e. 25-29 on daytime in canopy
DEG C, evening 15-18 DEG C, when the very night, temperature was less than 8 DEG C, on Small plastic shed, add a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics night；With
Temperature to continue to decline, straw screen or mat should suitably encrypt, and fills one along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow in canopy
200-300 watt of electric filament lamp, it is provided that illumination and heat；Along with the gradually rise of temperature after the beginning of spring, should be the most suitable
Ventilate, keep thermophilic management, reduce air humidity in canopy, when being higher than 15 DEG C outside canopy night, round the clock will
Ventilate；Temperature gos up again later, will progressively remove mulch film, canopy film, enters open country management.From door green pepper results,
Increase water (selecting carry out fine warm noon) of topdressing, 14-16 kilogram of ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate 8-22 can be executed by mu
Kilogram, plant ash 80 kilograms.Topdress the best fruiting period and water 2-3 time；The door following side shoot of green pepper should be erased in time, and
Extract the Lao Ye of plant bottom, sick leaf, in order to improve fruit-setting rate, can when the morning 10 before with 2,4-D point is colored
Handle, concentration is 10-20 mg/kg, preferably the flower that the same day is open, can not be overweight and repeat during point, with
Prevent causing malformed fruit；
Rich water quality management
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, being held in alive of plant field planting, just the fruit pass such as phase and the best fruiting period
Key point is implemented to topdress.After alive of general field planting, every 667 canopies ground chase after one with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 4-6kg
Secondary tiller is fertile, often gathers the best fruiting period and topdresses once after twice, imposes three element compound fertilizer the most every 667 canopies
7-10kg；In conjunction with the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, in initial bloom stage to the best fruiting period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2% and 0.2%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 time.In conjunction with enforcement slight irrigation of topdressing, pour water and be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and pour water topdressing
Rear ventilation in time, reduces air humidity in canopy；
(5), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
According to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", adhere to " cultural control, physical control,
Biological control is main, and chemical prevention is auxiliary " Harmless control principle；
(6), gathering: gather during the 4-5 month in next year, door fruit and bottom fruit are gathered the most as early as possible in good time in batches,
Gather and complete should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw stalk and useless mulch film in time.
Described shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature, it is characterised in that: the soil described in step (3)
Conditioner is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid
8-10, food factory leftover bits and pieces 20-25, distiller grains 3-5, Calx 2-3, potassium humate 8-10, boric acid 5-6, phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03, manganese sulfate 0.2-0.3, magnesium sulfate 4-5,
Ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.2, bone meal 8-11, Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide 2-4, Oleum menthae 1-2, glycerol 1-2, sucrose ester
0.1-0.3, water are appropriate, vermiculite power, clay, citric acid are added suitable quantity of water mixing, stirs into mud, send into
200-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, by again with its in formula
Excess material mix and blend is after 40-50 minute, pelletize, sprays Oleum menthae, drying,
Described Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide is prepared by following method: a, weigh Bulbus Allii Cepae 25-35, extensively beautiful by weight
Blue leaf 2-4, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 3-4, Canna generalis Bailey leaf 4-6, pomelo peel 4-6, Radix Pulsatillae 6-8, Rhizoma Menispermi 4-6, Huang
Cypress 1-2, Radix Stemonae 4-6, Semen Arecae 3-4, dried Alumen 2-3, Galla Chinensis 3-4, Fructus Cnidii 2-4, Fructus Toosendan 3-4,
Mountain villous themeda orchid 3-4, Radix Solani Torvi 2-4, Folium Baeckeae 2-4, medical stone powder 2-4, Rhizoma pteridii latiusculi 2-4；B, Bulbus Allii Cepae go root go
Skin is squeezed the juice and is filtrated to get Conditions of Onion Juice；C, by leaf of Magnolia gradiflora, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Canna generalis Bailey leaf 4, pomelo peel, the Radix Pulsatillae
Deng remaining herbal raw material, mixing decocting in water is boiled into mixing decoction；D, by mixing decoction prepared for step (c) with
Conditions of Onion Juice mixing, filtration, concentrate, and is spray-dried, and then the borneol and grinding with powder weight 1-2% mixes,
Obtain Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature that the present invention provides, is that one makes to make Fructus Capsici list dull season vegetable,
Period of maturation does sth. in advance 30～40d than outdoor cropping, and per mu yield is up to 2000kg.This technology implementation is simple, operability
By force, wide adaptability, meet the market in the dull season demand to Fructus Capsici in early spring.Disease in the technology of the present invention production process
Insect pest is few, and the Quality of Capsicum of gained is high.In addition this technology in seed selection, nursery, that cultivation each stage all notes is right
The integrated application of the green prevention and control measure of disease pest and weed, when applying base manure, by with the addition of soil conditioner, no
Only improve soil property, reduce the breeding of pest and disease damage simultaneously, avoid to greatest extent and decrease chemical pesticide
Using, Product quality and safety also has and ensures the most reliably.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature, including herein below:
(1), Fruit variety preferably select high-quality, disease-resistant, precocious, high yield, plant type is compact, be suitable to dense planting
The good agriculture 11 of kind；
(2), nurturing staff
A, the preparation of cover soil
The field soil of solanaceous crops, the proportions nutrition of 35% fertilizer through becoming thoroughly decomposed is not planted by 65% before nursery
Soil, every lm3Nutrition Soil adds 2kg calcium superphosphate, 1kg Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, 2g Borax, 1g sulfur
Acid zinc, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve；
B, sowing seedbed prepare
Within first 4 days, seedling raising greenhouse buckle film should be taken in sowing, clean out a drain, first place mat 1cm below seedbed
Thick nutritional drugs soil, makes wide 1.2m, the seedbed of high 14cm with Nutrition Soil, carefully harrows leveling, water before sowing
Vola water；
C, sowing
Sowing time is typically precocious in mid or late October,
First by seed dry in the sun 2-3h under the low light level before broadcasting, then scald with the hot water of about 55 DEG C and plant and be stirred continuously
10-15min, then with the citric acid clear water solution seed soaking 3h of room temperature 2%, pull out, soak 4h with clear water, drain
Wait to broadcast；First spray saturating Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, then 1cm thickness nutritional drugs soil in upper cover with water, its
The preparation of Middle nutrition medicine soil is killed star, 2g areca powder by every square meter seedbed 5g50% thiram and 3g3% ground worm and is fitted
Under the nutritional drugs soil that the Nutrition Soil of amount mixes, each pad covers 1cm thickness, then covering with plastic film, puts up Small plastic shed,
Add a cover straw screen or mat night, after lid has been planted, then covering with plastic film, put up Small plastic shed overlay film, add a cover straw screen or mat night；
D, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, throw off mulch film and straw screen or mat that bed surface covers；The temperature treatment of seedling bed is to cultivate to strengthen
The key of Seedling, period maintenance higher temperature of emerging, by taking off the opaque covering of late lid；Regulation ventilation is with logical
The wind time regulates the temperature and humidity in canopy；Early thinning keeps rational density；Spread 1-2 time to bed surface carefully to do
Soil, does not make furrow face chap, and reduces moisture evaporation, and the temperature requirement of period of emerging is day temperature about 29 DEG C, night
Temperature 15-18 DEG C, seedling all sprouts, and after cotyledon flattens, suitably lowers the temperature, in case high foot Seedling, before point Seedling 3-4 days,
Suitably lower the temperature seedling exercising, in order to slow Seedling；
E, point Seedling
Before point Seedling 7-10 days, it is about the ratio of 1:10 in the area ratio of point Seedling canopy with cultivation canopy, builds a point Seedling
Booth the in time vexed canopy of buckle film, furrow face in leveling canopy, make wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil
High furrow, thin rake leveling furrow face, pour into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube of about 10 × 10cm and put in furrow face, often
Row's 13-15 alms bowl, front-back staggered arrangement, squeeze tight, every 667 cultivation field need to about 4500, alms bowl processed, when
When calendar seedling age 30-35 days, tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, fine day can be selected to divide Seedling, before point Seedling, furrow face is beaten permeable,
Limit lifting, limit are transplanted, water in limit, and the cultivation Seedling degree of depth is buried to cotyledonary node 1-2cm with Nutrition Soil and is advisable, 1-2 days
Interior arch bar of inserting on point seedbed builds Small plastic shed overlay film, adds a cover straw screen or mat night, closes canopy 3-5 days, after slow Seedling, enters
Enter thermophilic management, 10-15 days gradually low temperature seedling exercising under the conditions of 13-15 DEG C before field planting；
(3), field planting
Cultivation field arranges
The front land for growing field crops of field planting combines whole land and executes the high-quality farm manure 2500 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, calcium superphosphate 25 kilograms,
Soil conditioner 25kg, implement rotary tillage after sprinkling evenly, the thinner leveling of rake, bedding of ditching, make wide 1.8 meters,
The cultivating bed of high 16cm, and it is empty, before field planting to reserve operation ditch and suitable booth limit between the furrow of wide 30-50cm
The 7-10 days scaffolding vexed canopies of buckle film；
Survival after transplant in good time
In mid or late December, selecting have selected varietal characteristic, tool 6-7 sheet true leaf, leaf color is dark green, cane is thick
Strong internode is short, strong sprout without pest and disease damage, selects successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 33 × 45cm, and waters in time
Thoroughly determine root water, the flat cave of blinding harmony root, then in the ranks lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film in furrow face and put Seedling, immediately
Slotting arch bar builds Small plastic shed overlay film；
(4), booth management
Vexed canopy 3-5 days after field planting, suitable aeration-cooling recovery room temperature management after slow Seedling, i.e. 25-29 on daytime in canopy
DEG C, evening 15-18 DEG C, when the very night, temperature was less than 8 DEG C, on Small plastic shed, add a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics night；With
Temperature to continue to decline, straw screen or mat should suitably encrypt, and fills one 250 along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow in canopy
Watt electric filament lamp, it is provided that illumination and heat；Along with the gradually rise of temperature after the beginning of spring, should the most suitably ventilate, protect
Hold thermophilic management, reduce air humidity in canopy, when being higher than 15 DEG C outside canopy night, will ventilate round the clock.With
Rear temperature gos up again, will progressively remove mulch film, canopy film, enters open country management.From door green pepper results, increase chases after
Fertilizer waters (selecting carry out fine warm noon), can execute 15 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate 15 kilograms, vegetation by mu
Ash 80 kilograms；Topdress the best fruiting period and water 2-3 time；The door following side shoot of green pepper should be erased in time, and extracts under plant
The Lao Ye in portion, sick leaf, in order to improve fruit-setting rate, can when the morning 10 before with 2,4-D point anthocaulus, concentration is
10-20 mg/kg, preferably the flower that the same day is open, can not be overweight and repeat, in case causing deformity during point
Really；
Rich water quality management
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, being held in alive of plant field planting, just the fruit pass such as phase and the best fruiting period
Key point is implemented to topdress.After alive of field planting, every 667 canopies ground chase after with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 4-6kg and once send out
Fertilizer, often gathers and topdresses once after twice, impose three element compound fertilizer 7-10kg the best fruiting period；In conjunction with pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating, in initial bloom stage to the best fruiting period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2% and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2% 2-3 time.
In conjunction with enforcement slight irrigation of topdressing, pour water and be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after in time ventilation, reduce
Air humidity in canopy；
(5), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Control principle
According to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", adhere to " cultural control, physical control,
Biological control is main, and chemical prevention is auxiliary " Harmless control principle.
Cultural control
Select disease-resistant variety, carry out 3-5 crop rotation, deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, nurturing staff, creation are suitable fertility ring
Border condition, enrich the fertilizer through harmless treatment, use chemical fertilizer, the cleaning measure such as rural area in right amount.
Physical control
Employing sunlight is basked seeds, and hots water treatment of seeds, and summer fallow is tanned by the sun and the vexed canopy of high temperature of pouring water, silverskin repellent, insect protected
Net intercepts, and colour table is trapped and killed, light trap etc..
Biological control
Active protection, utilize natural enemy, use gyplure insect-killing trapping, use biological pesticide.
Main diseases and insect pests
With the main diseases and insect pests of county's Fructus Capsici booth spring ealy maturing culture have gray mold, epidemic disease, root rot, sclerotiniose,
Virosis, graywall and aphid, yellow tea mite, Bemisia tabaci etc..
Chemical control
Perform in strict accordance with the regulation of GB4285 and GB/T8321, use Chinese herbal medicine source bactericide simultaneously.
Soil conditioner wherein used is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 25, viscous
Soil 11, citric acid 9, food factory's leftover bits and pieces 22, distiller grains 4, Calx 2, potassium humate 9, boric acid 5.5, phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium 2.5, ferrous sulfate 2, sodium selenite 0.02, manganese sulfate 0.2, magnesium sulfate 4.5, ammonium molybdate 0.15,
Bone meal 10, Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide 3, Oleum menthae 2, glycerol 2, sucrose ester 0.2, water are appropriate；Preparation method:
Vermiculite power, clay, citric acid are added suitable quantity of water mixing, stirs into mud, send into 200-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 4
Hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, by again with the rest materials mix and blend 45 minutes in formula
After, pelletize, spray Oleum menthae, drying.
Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide therein is prepared by following method: a, by weight weigh Bulbus Allii Cepae 30, leaf of Magnolia gradiflora 3,
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 4, Canna generalis Bailey leaf 5, pomelo peel 5, the Radix Pulsatillae 7, Rhizoma Menispermi 5, Cortex Phellodendri 2, the Radix Stemonae 5, Semen Arecae 3,
Dried Alumen 2, Galla Chinensis 4, Fructus Cnidii 3, Fructus Toosendan 4, mountain villous themeda orchid 3, Radix Solani Torvi 3, Folium Baeckeae 4, medical stone powder 3,
Rhizoma pteridii latiusculi 3；B, Bulbus Allii Cepae go root peeling squeeze the juice and be filtrated to get Conditions of Onion Juice；C, by leaf of Magnolia gradiflora, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, beauty
The remaining herbal raw material such as any of several broadleaf plants leaf 4, pomelo peel, the Radix Pulsatillae, mixing decocting in water is boiled into mixing decoction；D, general's step
Suddenly the mixing decoction that (c) is prepared mixes with Conditions of Onion Juice, filters, and concentrates, and is spray-dried, then with powder weight
The borneol and grinding mixing of amount 1-2%, obtains Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.
Utilize the capsicum product that above-mentioned complex art is produced compared with the capsicum product that usual manner is produced, have
There is a following advantage:
Claims (2)
1. a shed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature, it is characterised in that include herein below:
(1), Fruit variety select high-quality, disease-resistant, precocious, high yield, plant type is compact, be suitable to the kind of dense planting；
(2), nursery nurturing staff
A, cover soil preparation nursery before by 60-70% do not plant solanaceous crops field soil, the proportions Nutrition Soil of the 30-40% fertilizer through becoming thoroughly decomposed, every lm3Nutrition Soil adds 2-3kg calcium superphosphate, 1-2kg Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, 1-2g Borax, 1-2g zinc sulfate, and fully mixes thoroughly and sieve；
B, sowing seedbed prepare within 3-5 days, to take seedling raising greenhouse buckle film before sowing, clean out a drain, first thick for place mat 1cm below seedbed nutritional drugs soil, wherein the preparation of nutritional drugs soil is killed star, 2g areca powder and appropriate Nutrition Soil mixed by every square meter seedbed 5g50% thiram and 3g3% ground worm, wide 1.2-1.3m, the seedbed of high 10-15cm is made with Nutrition Soil, carefully harrow leveling, before sowing, water vola water；
C, sowing precocity in sowing time are in mid or late October；First by seed dry in the sun 2-3h under the low light level before broadcasting, then scald with the hot water of 50-60 DEG C and plant and be stirred continuously 10-15min, then with the aqueous citric acid solution seed soaking 2-3h of room temperature 2-3%, pull out, soak 3-4h with clear water, drain and wait to broadcast；First spray saturating Seeding bed with water, uniform broadcasting seed, then nutritional drugs soil described in 1cm thickness in upper cover, after lid has been planted, then covering with plastic film, put up Small plastic shed overlay film, add a cover straw screen or mat night；
When d, seedling management 50% seed sprouting, throw off mulch film and straw screen or mat that bed surface covers；The temperature treatment of seedling bed is the key of nurturing staff, and period of emerging maintains higher temperature, and by taking off the opaque covering of late lid, regulation ventilation and ventilation time regulate the temperature and humidity in canopy；Early thinning keeps rational density；Spreading 1-2 thin dry ground to bed surface, do not make furrow face chap, reduce moisture evaporation, the temperature requirement of period of emerging is day temperature about 29 DEG C, night temperature 15-18 DEG C, seedling all sprouts, cotyledon flatten after, suitably lower the temperature, in case high foot Seedling, before point Seedling 3-4 days, seedling exercising of suitably lowering the temperature, in order to slow Seedling；
nulle、Point Seedling divides before Seedling 7-10 days，The ratio of 1:10 it is about in the area ratio of point Seedling canopy with cultivation canopy，Build point Seedling booth the timely vexed canopy of buckle film，Furrow face in leveling canopy，Wide 1.2-1.3m is made with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil、The high furrow of high 10-15cm，Thin rake leveling furrow face，Pour into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube of about 10 × 10cm to put in furrow face，Often row's 13-15 alms bowl，Front-back staggered arranges、Squeeze tight，Every 667 cultivation field need to alms bowl 4000-4500 processed，When calendar seedling age 30-35 days、During tool 2-3 sheet true leaf，Fine day is selected to divide Seedling，Before dividing Seedling, furrow face is beaten permeable，Limit lifting、Limit is transplanted、While water，Planting the Seedling degree of depth is that Nutrition Soil buries to cotyledonary node 1-2cm，On point seedbed, insert arch bar in 1-2 days build Small plastic shed overlay film，Night adds a cover straw screen or mat，Close canopy 3-5 days，After slow Seedling，Entrance thermophilic manages，10-15 days gradually low temperature seedling exercising under the conditions of 13-15 DEG C before field planting；
(3), field planting
The cultivation field arrangement front land for growing field crops of field planting combines whole land and executes high-quality farm manure 2000-3000 kilogram become thoroughly decomposed, calcium superphosphate 25 kilograms, soil conditioner 20-30kg, rotary tillage is implemented after sprinkling evenly, the thin leveling of rake again, trench digging bedding, make wide 1.8-2.0 rice, the cultivating bed of high 15-20cm, and it is empty to reserve operation ditch and suitable booth limit between the furrow of wide 30-50cm, the 7-10 days scaffolding vexed canopies of buckle film before field planting；
Survival after transplant is in mid or late December in good time, selection has selected varietal characteristic, tool 6-7 sheet true leaf, leaf color is dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, strong sprout without pest and disease damage, successive clear dayies are selected to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 33 × 45cm, and irrigate in time and determine root water, the flat cave of blinding harmony root, then in the ranks lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film in furrow face and put Seedling, inserting arch bar immediately and build Small plastic shed overlay film；
(4), vexed canopy 3-5 days after booth management field planting, suitable aeration-cooling recovery room temperature management after slow Seedling, i.e. daytime 25-29 DEG C, evening 15-18 DEG C in canopy, when the very night, temperature was less than 8 DEG C, on Small plastic shed, add a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics night；Along with temperature continues to decline, straw screen or mat should suitably encrypt, and fills a 200-300 watt of electric filament lamp along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow in canopy, it is provided that illumination and heat；Along with the gradually rise of temperature after the beginning of spring, should the most suitably ventilate, keep thermophilic management, reduce air humidity in canopy, when being higher than 15 DEG C outside canopy night, will ventilate round the clock；Temperature gos up again later, will progressively remove mulch film, canopy film, enters open country management；From door green pepper results, increasing topdresses waters, and selects carry out fine warm noon, mu executes 14-16 kilogram of ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate 8-22 kilogram, plant ash 80 kilograms, topdressing the best fruiting period and water 2-3 time, the following side shoot of door green pepper should be erased in time, and extracts the Lao Ye of plant bottom, sick leaf, in order to improve fruit-setting rate, when the morning 10 before with 2,4-D point anthocaulus, concentration is 10-20 mg/kg, preferably the flower that the same day is open, can not be overweight and repeat, in case causing malformed fruit during point；
Rich water quality management, according to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, is implemented to topdress being held in alive of plant field planting, just fruit phase and the best fruiting period；After general field planting is lived, every 667 canopies ground chase after a tiller fertilizer with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 4-6kg, often gather the best fruiting period and topdress once after twice, impose three element compound fertilizer 7-10kg the most every 667 canopies；In conjunction with the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, in initial bloom stage to the best fruiting period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2% and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2% 2-3 time, in conjunction with enforcement slight irrigation of topdressing, pour water will stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after ventilation in time, reduce air humidity in canopy；
(5), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control according to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", adhere to based on the Harmless control principle of " cultural control, physical control, Biological control, chemical prevention is auxiliary "；
(6), gathering: gather during the 4-5 month in next year, door green pepper and bottom fruit are gathered as early as possible in good time in batches, gather and complete should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw stalk and useless mulch film in time.
nullShed for pepper spring cultivation method for premature the most according to claim 1，It is characterized in that: the soil conditioner described in step (3) is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 20-30、Clay 10-12、Citric acid 8-10、Food factory leftover bits and pieces 20-25、Distiller grains 3-5、Calx 2-3、Potassium humate 8-10、Boric acid 5-6、Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3、Ferrous sulfate 1-2、Sodium selenite 0.01-0.03、Manganese sulfate 0.2-0.3、Magnesium sulfate 4-5、Ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.2、Bone meal 8-11、Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide 2-4、Oleum menthae 1-2、Glycerol 1-2、Sucrose ester 0.1-0.3、Water is appropriate，By vermiculite power、Clay、Citric acid adds suitable quantity of water mixing，Stir into mud，Send into 200-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4 hour，Then，Cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain，By again with rest materials mix and blend 40-50 minute in formula after，Pelletize，Spraying Oleum menthae，Drying，Described Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide is prepared by following method:
A, weigh Bulbus Allii Cepae 25-35, leaf of Magnolia gradiflora 2-4, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 3-4, Canna generalis Bailey leaf 4-6, pomelo peel 4-6, Radix Pulsatillae 6-8, Rhizoma Menispermi 4-6, Cortex Phellodendri 1-2, Radix Stemonae 4-6, Semen Arecae 3-4, dried Alumen 2-3, Galla Chinensis 3-4, Fructus Cnidii 2-4, Fructus Toosendan 3-4, mountain villous themeda orchid 3-4, Radix Solani Torvi 2-4, Folium Baeckeae 2-4, medical stone powder 2-4, Rhizoma pteridii latiusculi 2-4 by weight；
B, Bulbus Allii Cepae go root peeling squeeze the juice and be filtrated to get Conditions of Onion Juice；
C, by leaf of Magnolia gradiflora, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Canna generalis Bailey leaf, pomelo peel, the Radix Pulsatillae, Rhizoma Menispermi, Cortex Phellodendri, the Radix Stemonae, Semen Arecae, dried Alumen, Galla Chinensis, Fructus Cnidii, Fructus Toosendan, mountain villous themeda orchid, Radix Solani Torvi, Folium Baeckeae, medical stone powder, Rhizoma pteridii latiusculi, mixing decocting in water is boiled into mixing decoction；
D, the mixing decoction that step c prepares mix with Conditions of Onion Juice, filters, concentration, spray drying, then with the mixing of the borneol and grinding of powder weight 1-2%, obtain Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.
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| CN109952848A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-02 | 金正生物化工有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse early spring capsicum continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing method |
| CN110692457A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-01-17 | 独山阳光农业有限公司 | High-quality hot pepper greenhouse planting method |
| CN111052995A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-04-24 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Vegetable seedling raising method |
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| US9642318B2 (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2017-05-09 | Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Inc. | Seedless pepper plants |
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