CN103975713A - Autumn delayed overwintering on-field fresh-keeping cultivation method for greenhouse peppers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an autumn delayed overwintering on-field fresh-keeping cultivation method for greenhouse peppers, which comprises the following steps: selecting fine seeds; planting; managing the cultivation; performing pest control; harvesting and the like. According to the autumn delayed overwintering on-field fresh-keeping cultivation method for the greenhouse peppers, a high-efficient anti-season special greenhouse peppers cultivation technique is used for delaying the supply period of the normally open field autumn batched peppers from the original second half of October to the days after December till the next April for selling in the market in succession; the technology implementation is simple; the operability is strong; the application is wide; the requirement for the peppers of the long winter and early spring slack season market is met; according to the technique, the special red pepper products are marketed in the slack season in a staggered peak form and have the advantages of on-field fresh keeping and marketing on the basis of selecting the time and period, so that the economic benefit is very obvious and stable; the plant diseases and insect pests are few during the production process; the quality of the acquired peppers is high.

Description

A kind of shed for pepper autumn is delayed the fresh-keeping cultivation method in field of surviving the winter

Technical field

The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, be specifically related to a kind of shed for pepper autumn to delay the fresh-keeping cultivation method in field of surviving the winter.

Background technology

Capsicum is a kind of important vegetables and flavouring, its nutritive value is very high, contain multivitamin and trace element, as vitamin C, B, carotin, calcium, iron, phosphorus etc., studies have shown that in per kilogram capsicum that containing vitamin C be 1050 milligrams, is 21 times of eggplant, 5 times of tomato, 4 times of Chinese cabbage, 3 times of ternip.Capsicum has in temperature, the loose effect of trembling with fear, whet the appetite, helping digestion.The shed for pepper autumn is delayed in the field fresh-keeping cultivation of surviving the winter and refers to by facilities protection measure and the specific culture technique matching with it and unique fresh-keeping administrative skill in field of surviving the winter, make supply phase of normal open country autumn stubble red pepper be deferred to December by original mid or late October after until a kind of efficient anti-season characteristic culture technique of going on the market successively April next year.This technology makes hot red pepper product not only realize the listing of avoiding the peak hour dull season, has become the main stubble of characteristic that this county booth vegetable is produced at present.

The shed for pepper autumn is delayed the fresh-keeping cultivation in field of surviving the winter, fertility overall process temperature from high to low, i.e. summer sowing, autumn plant, late autumn severe cold gather.Early stage, temperature was high, and illumination is excessively strong, was unfavorable for that pepper seedling raising and growth of seedling, particularly seedling stage are frequent to the rainfall of strain phase, and cultivation management is slightly neglected, and easily brings out the large generation of virus disease, causes the significantly underproduction, even total crop failure.Secondly, yield positive results short with the preference temperature time swollen fruit phase, the fruit retention phase often meets with again low temperature and poor light season, very easily cause fruit drop to occur and disease popular.Therefore, any one link management of wherein cultivating process is not in place, all can cause cultivating failure or output is little of poor benefits.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides the shed for pepper autumn delays the fresh-keeping cultivation method in field of surviving the winter.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

The shed for pepper autumn is delayed the fresh-keeping cultivation method in field of surviving the winter, and comprises following content:

The shed for pepper autumn is delayed the fresh-keeping cultivation method in field of surviving the winter, and it is characterized in that comprising following content:

(1), select the breeding booth autumn to delay pepper cultivation should to select high temperature resistance, low temperature resistant, fruit type is larger, commodity is good, as kinds such as good agriculture 11, good agriculture 78, Kaifeng green pepper No. 1, Kaifeng green pepper haw kings;

(2), cultivate and adopt feeding block seedlings raising strong sprout

A, seed and nursery bed disinfection:

Seed disinfection

Broadcast frontly first by seed airing 2-3h under the low light level, then with the hot water of about 50-60 ℃, scald kind and constantly stir a 10-15min, then using the vitamin C clear water solution seed soaking 2-3h of normal temperature 0.2-0.3%, pull out, drain and wait to broadcast; Nursery bed disinfection

Field as growing seedlings was carried out to the vexed canopy of high temperature and the processing of high-temperature boiling field in one month prior to seeding, reach the effect of sterilizing

B, begin sowing in good time: mid or late July sowing is advisable, kind of a 60-70 gram for mu, adopts feeding block seedlings raising, and every alms bowl is broadcast a seed, and the fine earth good with prior sieve series covers cave, after broadcasting, in bed surface, cover mulch film, on mulch film, add a cover again the straw screen or mat that water is beaten, cover tightly the sunshade net on booth, wherein the Nutrition Soil in nutritive cube is self-control Nutrition Soil, described Nutrition Soil is become by the component raw material hybrid reactor retting of following weight portion: maize straw 40-50, ash 10-15, cow dung 20-30, sawdust 10-20, zinc sulphate 0.01-0.02, sodium selenite 0.01-0.02, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.4, borax 0.5-1.0, conch meal 2-3, urea 2-3, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine 4-5, heteroauxin 0.01-0.05, borneol 3-4 hybrid reactor retting becomes, wherein extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is frutus cnidii, the coptis, kuh-seng, juglandis folia, the 2-3 of the mass ratioes such as rhizome of cyrtomium doubly measures ethanol extract,

C, seedbed management build seedling raising greenhouse in 5-7 days before sowing, and after overlay film, the black sunshade net of upper cover 65-75% shading rate shades, and booth both sides keep opening wide, and at 5-7 days after planting, while having 50% to emerge, the choosing dusk is thrown off bed surface covering; When cotyledon is open and flat, empty alms bowl is implemented to fill the gaps with seedlings, and in final singling two days later; After final singling, 800 times of liquid of available 50% tmtd or 1000 times of liquid mists of 15% seedling bacterium enemy are sprayed on bed surface and seedling, implement diseases prevention once, and seedling stage is no longer moisturizing generally; At calm night, horticultural covering film and sunshade net should be pushed away and roll over to ceiling, opening wide booth, by rice shoot, to experience night to the greatest extent under condition in the open cool more; Overcast and rainy, only sunshade net pushed away and rolled over to ceiling; Within 5-7 days, start to increase gradually before field planting and take off canopy and take off the net time progressively to adapt to the outer high light of canopy and high temperature, reach the progressively object of hardening; Calendar seedling age 25 days-28 days, when seedling growth amount reaches 6-8 sheet true leaf, can select a day field planting;

(3), field planting

Cultivation field arranges

Before field planting, to utilize summer high temperature high light to implement the vexed canopy of high temperature to cultivation field and tan by the sun processing, then open canopy and throw off mulch film and deep plough, row open-air exposure is some day again, selects subsequently continuous high temperature fine day to water filling in the field of booth place and keeps the 10-15cm shoaling layer high-temperature boiling field of 7-10 days to process; 8-10 days button canopy cover nets before field planting, every mu of decomposed manure 1500-2000kg, urea 15kg using through harmless treatment, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, soil conditioner 20-30kg, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, the thinner leveling of rake, trench digging bedding, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 15-20cm, and reserve and between the furrow of wide 30-50cm, operate ditch and suitably booth limit is empty; Build 4.5 meters of spans, long 50-80 rice, two furrow of rising 1.8-2.0 rice or span 6-6.5 rice, long 50-60 rice, rise three furrow north-south arch booths of 2.5-3.0 rice;

In good time transplant planting

At 15-20 within day in August, select cloudy overcast and rainyly or in the fine day time-division in nearly evening, by 33 * 45cm seeding row spacing, open cave and play the field planting of delaying, and water in time sufficient normal root water, with 2000-2500 strain, be advisable for every 667 square metres; After work in 3-5 days, the flat cave of root is stopped up in ridging, then in furrow face, inside and outside two cover black physics after laying two micro-irrigation flexible pipes in the ranks and press down meadow film, and rupture of membranes is put seedling, envelope cave flanging in time;

(4), cultivation management

Temperature and humidity regulation

The field planting initial stage is implemented spacious canopy management, and cover net cooling, should push away folded film net calm night to ceiling, allows plant as often as possible experience night cool, and day temperature is adjusted in below 30 ℃ as far as possible, and night, temperature was adjusted in below 20 ℃ as far as possible; After late September, progressively close canopy, enter room temperature management, and the damping of in good time ventilating; When the very night, temperature was lower than 13 ℃, in booth both sides, add apron film; When the very night, temperature was lower than 8 ℃, in canopy, on furrow, add little shed overlay film, and along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow, fill a 200-300 watt of incandescent lamp in canopy, illumination and heat are provided; Enter after December, with mercury dropped, progressively on little shed film, add a cover the insulation materials such as straw screen or mat or the agricultural nonwoven of water proof type and take off lid at night daytime, the gain of heat of turning on light at night; After late December, enter the fresh-keeping management in field, straw screen or mat is suitably encrypted; During cold current, to cover tightly in fact, and the common light by day of trying one's best, keep a close eye on antifreeze; After the beginning of spring along with temperature is progressively gone up, suitably ventilate, the fresh-keeping management that keeps 8-15 ℃ of temperature on the low side, after early March, should add a cover sunshade net outward at booth, intercept sunlight, to keep the fresh-keeping environments cooling of relative equilibrium in canopy, during this as cloudy weather for several days running, can to the little shed in booth, from inner side, open limit at night and implement to ventilate in a small amount, the generation of popular with disease prevention in decayed fruit;

Illumination adjusting

The full-bloom stage of mid or late September to early October as far as possible implement " sunbaths " is managed more, in calm or gentle breeze sky, push away film to ceiling, plant is placed in to many sensitization of trying one's best under open-air condition, survive the winter the fresh-keeping management phase, cloudy weather for several days running sky particularly, should take off by straw screen or mat or nonwoven the assurance of the time of lid, plant, low temperature, in sufferable scope, be increased to illumination as far as possible; The covering that substantially keeps curtain in outer net after getting warm again after a cold spell the beginning of spring, to keep the fresh-keeping environments cooling of relative equilibrium in canopy;

Rich water quality management

According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, the field planting that emphasis is held plant lives, just fruit phase, swollen fruit mid-term etc. key point, under binding film, micro drip-irrigation is implemented to topdress, general field planting live after every mu of amino acid active liquid fertilizer with 4-5kg chase after tiller fertilizer one time, just every mu of fruit phase and swollen fruit mid-term, each topdressed with the water-soluble 45-48% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of 10-15kg high-quality implementation focus; In conjunction with the control of damage by disease and insect, respectively at the florescence to the full bearing period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2%, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% calcium chloride each 1-2 time; Pour water thoroughly and not steep and be advisable, and ventilation in time after pouring water, to reduce humidity in canopy; After early November, should strictly control moisture, in canopy, humidity is controlled between 30%-40%;

(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest

Autumn is delayed the relative spring of capsicum and does sth. in advance capsicum, disease alleviates, emphasis is noted the control of virus disease and gray mold, but insect pest meeting increases the weight of, should be according to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", comprehensive farmer's law, bioanalysis, Physical and the chemical method of adopting carries out integrated control in good time, and notes protection against rodents;

(6) gather: the last ten-days period between April in late December to next year, according to the market conditions listing of gathering of selecting a time of selecting a good opportunity in batches; After gathering, should clean in time rural area, harmless treatment straw and discarded mulch film.

The described shed for pepper autumn is delayed the fresh-keeping cultivation method in field of surviving the winter, it is characterized in that: the soil conditioner described in step (3) is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, the offcuts 20-25 of food factory, vinasse 3-5, white lime 2-3, potassium humate 8-10, boric acid 5-6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03, manganese sulphate 0.2-0.3, magnesium sulfate 4-5, ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.2, bone meal 8-11, Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide 2-4, peppermint oil 1-2, glycerine 1-2, sucrose ester 0.1-0.3, water is appropriate, by vermiculite power, clay, citric acid adds suitable quantity of water to mix, stir into mud, send into 200-300 ℃ of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, by again with formula in rest materials mix and blend after 40-50 minute, granulation, spraying peppermint oil, dry and get final product,

Described Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide has following method to make: a, take onion 25-35, southern magnolia 2-4, kuh-seng 3-4, India canna leaf 4-6, pomelo peel 4-6, Chinese pulsatilla 6-8, asiatic moonseed 4-6, golden cypress 1-2, tuber of stemona 4-6, betel nut 3-4, alumen 2-3, gall nut 3-4, frutus cnidii 2-4, Fructus meliae toosendan 3-4, the blue 3-4 of mountain villous themeda, water eggplant 2-4, baeckea frutescen 2-4, zinc oxide 2-4, fern root 2-4 by weight; B, onion is gone root peeling to squeeze the juice to filter to obtain Conditions of Onion Juice; C, by remaining herbal raw materials such as southern magnolia, kuh-seng, India canna leaf 4, pomelo peel, the Chinese pulsatillas, mix poach and be boiled into and mix soup juice; D, the mixing soup juice that step (c) is made mix, filter with Conditions of Onion Juice, concentrated, and spraying is dry, then mix with the borneol and grinding of powder weight 1-2%, obtain Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

The shed for pepper autumn provided by the invention is delayed the fresh-keeping cultivation method in field of surviving the winter, be after a kind of supply phase that makes normal open country autumn stubble red pepper being deferred to December by original mid or late October until a kind of efficient anti-season characteristic shed for pepper culture technique of going on the market successively April next year, this technology is implemented simple, workable, wide adaptability, has met the demand of market in dull season to capsicum in very long winter and early spring.This technology makes hot red pepper distinguishing products not only realize the listing of avoiding the peak hour dull season, has more advantage fresh-keeping in field, that can select a good opportunity and select a time and go on the market, thereby economic benefit is also very significantly with stable.In addition this technology is all noted the integrated application to the green prevention and control measure of disease pest and weed choosing seeds, grow seedlings, cultivate each stage, while applying base manure, by having added soil conditioner, not only improved soil property, lowered the breeding of damage by disease and insect simultaneously, avoid to greatest extent and reduced the use of chemical pesticide, Product quality and safety also has guarantee very reliably.

Embodiment

The shed for pepper autumn is delayed the fresh-keeping cultivation method in field of surviving the winter, and comprises following content:

(1), select the breeding booth autumn to delay pepper cultivation should to select high temperature resistance, low temperature resistant, fruit type is larger, commodity is agriculture 11 carefully;

(2), cultivate and adopt feeding block seedlings raising strong sprout

A, seed and nursery bed disinfection:

Seed disinfection

Broadcast frontly first by seed airing 2-3h under the low light level, then with the hot water of about 50-60 ℃, scald kind and constantly stir a 10-15min, then using the vitamin C clear water solution seed soaking 2-3h of normal temperature 0.2-0.3%, pull out, drain and wait to broadcast; Nursery bed disinfection

Field as growing seedlings was carried out to the vexed canopy of high temperature and the processing of high-temperature boiling field in one month prior to seeding, reach the effect of sterilizing

B, begin sowing in good time: mid or late July sowing is advisable, kind of a 60-70 gram for mu, adopts feeding block seedlings raising, and every alms bowl is broadcast a seed, and the fine earth good with prior sieve series covers cave, after broadcasting, in bed surface, cover mulch film, on mulch film, add a cover again the straw screen or mat that water is beaten, cover tightly the sunshade net on booth, wherein the Nutrition Soil in nutritive cube is self-control Nutrition Soil, described Nutrition Soil is become by the component raw material hybrid reactor retting of following weight portion: maize straw 40-50, ash 10-15, cow dung 20-30, sawdust 10-20, zinc sulphate 0.01-0.02, sodium selenite 0.01-0.02, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.4, borax 0.5-1.0, conch meal 2-3, urea 2-3, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine 4-5, heteroauxin 0.01-0.05, borneol 3-4 hybrid reactor retting becomes, wherein extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is frutus cnidii, the coptis, kuh-seng, juglandis folia, the 2-3 of the mass ratioes such as rhizome of cyrtomium doubly measures ethanol extract,

C, seedbed management build seedling raising greenhouse in 5-7 days before sowing, and after overlay film, the black sunshade net of upper cover 65-75% shading rate shades, and booth both sides keep opening wide, and at 5-7 days after planting, while having 50% to emerge, the choosing dusk is thrown off bed surface covering; When cotyledon is open and flat, empty alms bowl is implemented to fill the gaps with seedlings, and in final singling two days later; After final singling, 800 times of liquid of available 50% tmtd or 1000 times of liquid mists of 15% seedling bacterium enemy are sprayed on bed surface and seedling, implement diseases prevention once, and seedling stage is no longer moisturizing generally; At calm night, horticultural covering film and sunshade net should be pushed away and roll over to ceiling, opening wide booth, by rice shoot, to experience night to the greatest extent under condition in the open cool more; Overcast and rainy, only sunshade net pushed away and rolled over to ceiling; Within 5-7 days, start to increase gradually before field planting and take off canopy and take off the net time progressively to adapt to the outer high light of canopy and high temperature, reach the progressively object of hardening; Calendar seedling age 25 days-28 days, when seedling growth amount reaches 6-8 sheet true leaf, can select a day field planting;

(3), field planting

Cultivation field arranges

Before field planting, to utilize summer high temperature high light to implement the vexed canopy of high temperature to cultivation field and tan by the sun processing, then open canopy and throw off mulch film and deep plough, row open-air exposure is some day again, selects subsequently continuous high temperature fine day to water filling in the field of booth place and keeps the 10-15cm shoaling layer high-temperature boiling field of 7-10 days to process; 8-10 days button canopy cover nets before field planting, every mu of decomposed manure 1500-2000kg, urea 15kg using through harmless treatment, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, soil conditioner 20-30kg, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, the thinner leveling of rake, trench digging bedding, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 15-20cm, and reserve and between the furrow of wide 30-50cm, operate ditch and suitably booth limit is empty; Build 4.5 meters of spans, long 50-80 rice, two furrow of rising 1.8-2.0 rice or span 6-6.5 rice, long 50-60 rice, rise three furrow north-south arch booths of 2.5-3.0 rice;

In good time transplant planting

At 15-20 within day in August, select cloudy overcast and rainyly or in the fine day time-division in nearly evening, by 33 * 45cm seeding row spacing, open cave and play the field planting of delaying, and water in time sufficient normal root water, with 2000-2500 strain, be advisable for every 667 square metres; After work in 3-5 days, the flat cave of root is stopped up in ridging, then in furrow face, inside and outside two cover black physics after laying two micro-irrigation flexible pipes in the ranks and press down meadow film, and rupture of membranes is put seedling, envelope cave flanging in time;

(4), cultivation management

Temperature and humidity regulation

The field planting initial stage is implemented spacious canopy management, and cover net cooling, should push away folded film net calm night to ceiling, allows plant as often as possible experience night cool, and day temperature is adjusted in below 30 ℃ as far as possible, and night, temperature was adjusted in below 20 ℃ as far as possible; After late September, progressively close canopy, enter room temperature management, and the damping of in good time ventilating; When the very night, temperature was lower than 13 ℃, in booth both sides, add apron film; When the very night, temperature was lower than 8 ℃, in canopy, on furrow, add little shed overlay film, and along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow, fill a 200-300 watt of incandescent lamp in canopy, illumination and heat are provided; Enter after December, with mercury dropped, progressively on little shed film, add a cover the insulation materials such as straw screen or mat or the agricultural nonwoven of water proof type and take off lid at night daytime, the gain of heat of turning on light at night; After late December, enter the fresh-keeping management in field, straw screen or mat is suitably encrypted; During cold current, to cover tightly in fact, and the common light by day of trying one's best, keep a close eye on antifreeze; After the beginning of spring along with temperature is progressively gone up, suitably ventilate, the fresh-keeping management that keeps 8-15 ℃ of temperature on the low side, after early March, should add a cover sunshade net outward at booth, intercept sunlight, to keep the fresh-keeping environments cooling of relative equilibrium in canopy, during this as cloudy weather for several days running, can to the little shed in booth, from inner side, open limit at night and implement to ventilate in a small amount, the generation of popular with disease prevention in decayed fruit;

Illumination adjusting

The full-bloom stage of mid or late September to early October as far as possible implement " sunbaths " is managed more, in calm or gentle breeze sky, push away film to ceiling, plant is placed in to many sensitization of trying one's best under open-air condition, survive the winter the fresh-keeping management phase, cloudy weather for several days running sky particularly, should take off by straw screen or mat or nonwoven the assurance of the time of lid, plant, low temperature, in sufferable scope, be increased to illumination as far as possible; The covering that substantially keeps curtain in outer net after getting warm again after a cold spell the beginning of spring, to keep the fresh-keeping environments cooling of relative equilibrium in canopy;

Rich water quality management

According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, the field planting that emphasis is held plant lives, just fruit phase, swollen fruit mid-term etc. key point, under binding film, micro drip-irrigation is implemented to topdress, general field planting live after every mu of amino acid active liquid fertilizer with 4-5kg chase after tiller fertilizer one time, just every mu of fruit phase and swollen fruit mid-term, each topdressed with the water-soluble 45-48% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of 10-15kg high-quality implementation focus; In conjunction with the control of damage by disease and insect, respectively at the florescence to the full bearing period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2%, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% calcium chloride each 1-2 time; Pour water thoroughly and not steep and be advisable, and ventilation in time after pouring water, to reduce humidity in canopy; After early November, should strictly control moisture, in canopy, humidity is controlled between 30%-40%;

(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest

A: cultural control

Select disease-resistant variety, implement crop rotation in 3 years～5 years, ridge is shone in deep ploughing, cultivates strong sprout, creates adapt circumstance condition, enriches the fertilizer through harmless treatment, clean rural area measure;

B: physical control

Adopt daylight airing and hot water treatment of seeds, lemonade seed soaking, utilizes not busy high temperature high light of summer to implement to pour water vexed canopy, covers silver color mulch film repellent aphid lice, establishes fly net obstruct insect and migrates, with colour table and light trap;

C: biological control

Adopt gyplure trapping primary pest; The use of botanical fungicide is used biopesticide to prevent and treat in good time; Active protection and utilize various natural enemies;

D: chemical control

The Major Diseases of shed for pepper delayed culture in autumn has the contagious diseases such as virus disease, epidemic disease, bacterial wilt, graywall and black mould and top rot, muscle is rotten and the physiological disturbance such as " three fall "; Major Pests has Bemisia tabaci, aphid, prodenia litura, beet armyworm, cotton bollworm etc., strictly presses the regulation of GB4285 and GB/T8321 and carries out;

(6) gather: the last ten-days period between April in late December to next year, according to the market conditions listing of gathering of selecting a time of selecting a good opportunity in batches; After gathering, should clean in time rural area, harmless treatment straw and discarded mulch film.

Wherein, soil conditioner is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight (kg): vermiculite power 25, clay 11, citric acid 9, food factory's offcuts 24, vinasse 4, white lime 2.5, potassium humate 9, boric acid 5.5, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5, ferrous sulfate 1.5, sodium selenite 0.01, manganese sulphate 0.2, magnesium sulfate 4.5, ammonium molybdate 0.1, bone meal 10, Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide 3, peppermint oil 1.5, glycerine 1.5, sucrose ester 0.2, water is appropriate, by vermiculite power, clay, citric acid adds suitable quantity of water to mix, stir into mud, send into 200-300 ℃ of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, by again with formula in rest materials mix and blend after 40-50 minute, granulation, spraying peppermint oil, dry and get final product,

Wherein, Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide has following method to make: a, by weight (kg) take onion 26, southern magnolia 3, kuh-seng 3.5, India canna leaf 5, pomelo peel 5, the Chinese pulsatilla 7, asiatic moonseed 5, golden cypress 1.5, the tuber of stemona 5, betel nut 3.5, alumen 2.5, gall nut 3.5, frutus cnidii 3, Fructus meliae toosendan 3.5, mountain villous themeda orchid 3.5, water eggplant 3, baeckea frutescen 3, zinc oxide 3, fern root 3; B, onion is gone root peeling to squeeze the juice to filter to obtain Conditions of Onion Juice; C, by remaining herbal raw materials such as southern magnolia, kuh-seng, India canna leaf, pomelo peel, the Chinese pulsatillas, mix poach and be boiled into and mix soup juice; D, the mixing soup juice that step (c) is made mix, filter with Conditions of Onion Juice, concentrated, and spraying is dry, then mix with the borneol and grinding of powder weight 1-2%, obtain Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.

Utilize the capsicum product that capsicum product that above-mentioned complex art is produced is produced with usual manner to compare, there is following advantage:

Claims (2)

1. the shed for pepper autumn is delayed the fresh-keeping cultivation method in field of surviving the winter, and it is characterized in that comprising following content:

(1), select the breeding booth autumn to delay pepper cultivation should to select high temperature resistance, low temperature resistant, fruit type is larger, commodity is good, as kinds such as good agriculture 11, good agriculture 78, Kaifeng green pepper No. 1, Kaifeng green pepper haw kings;

(2), cultivate and adopt feeding block seedlings raising strong sprout

A, seed and nursery bed disinfection:

Seed disinfection

Broadcast frontly first by seed airing 2-3h under the low light level, then with the hot water of about 50-60 ℃, scald kind and constantly stir a 10-15min, then using the vitamin C clear water solution seed soaking 2-3h of normal temperature 0.2-0.3%, pull out, drain and wait to broadcast; Nursery bed disinfection

Field as growing seedlings was carried out to the vexed canopy of high temperature and the processing of high-temperature boiling field in one month prior to seeding, reach the effect of sterilizing

B, begin sowing in good time:

Mid or late July sowing is advisable, and kind of a 60-70 gram for mu adopts feeding block seedlings raising, and every alms bowl is broadcast a seed, with the good fine earth lid cave of prior sieve series, after broadcasting, in bed surface, cover mulch film, on mulch film, add a cover again the straw screen or mat that water is beaten, cover tightly the sunshade net on booth, wherein the Nutrition Soil in nutritive cube is self-control Nutrition Soil, described Nutrition Soil is become by the component raw material hybrid reactor retting of following weight portion: maize straw 40-50, ash 10-15, cow dung 20-30, sawdust 10-20, zinc sulphate 0.01-0.02, sodium selenite 0.01-0.02, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.4, borax 0.5-1.0, conch meal 2-3, urea 2-3, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine 4-5, heteroauxin 0.01-0.05, borneol 3-4 hybrid reactor retting becomes, wherein extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is frutus cnidii, the coptis, kuh-seng, juglandis folia, the 2-3 of the mass ratioes such as rhizome of cyrtomium doubly measures ethanol extract,

C, seedbed management build seedling raising greenhouse in front 5-7 days in sowing, and after overlay film, the black sunshade net of upper cover 65-75% shading rate shades, and booth both sides keep opening wide, and at 5-7 days after planting, while having 50% to emerge, the choosing dusk is thrown off bed surface covering; When cotyledon is open and flat, empty alms bowl is implemented to fill the gaps with seedlings, and in final singling two days later; After final singling, 800 times of liquid of available 50% tmtd or 1000 times of liquid mists of 15% seedling bacterium enemy are sprayed on bed surface and seedling, implement diseases prevention once, and seedling stage is no longer moisturizing generally; At calm night, horticultural covering film and sunshade net should be pushed away and roll over to ceiling, opening wide booth, by rice shoot, to experience night to the greatest extent under condition in the open cool more; Overcast and rainy, only sunshade net pushed away and rolled over to ceiling; Within 5-7 days, start to increase gradually before field planting and take off canopy and take off the net time progressively to adapt to the outer high light of canopy and high temperature, reach the progressively object of hardening; Calendar seedling age 25 days-28 days, when seedling growth amount reaches 6-8 true leaves, can select a day field planting;

(3), field planting

Cultivation field arranges

Before field planting, to utilize summer high temperature high light to implement the vexed canopy of high temperature to cultivation field and tan by the sun processing, then open canopy and throw off mulch film and deep plough, row open-air exposure is some day again, selects subsequently continuous high temperature fine day to water filling in the field of booth place and keeps the 10-15cm shoaling layer high-temperature boiling field of 7-10 days to process; 8-10 days button canopy cover nets before field planting, every mu of decomposed manure 1500-2000kg, urea 15kg using through harmless treatment, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, soil conditioner 20-30kg, sprinkle evenly rear enforcement rotary tillage, the thinner leveling of rake, trench digging bedding, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8-2.0 rice, high 15-20cm, and reserve and between the furrow of wide 30-50cm, operate ditch and suitably booth limit is empty; Build 4.5 meters of spans, long 50-80 rice, two furrow of rising 1.8-2.0 rice or span 6-6.5 rice, long 50-60 rice, rise three furrow north-south arch booths of 2.5-3.0 rice;

In good time transplant planting

At 15-20 within day in August, select cloudy overcast and rainyly or in the fine day time-division in nearly evening, by 33 * 45cm seeding row spacing, open cave and play the field planting of delaying, in cave, insert the Nutrition Soil of 2-3cm, and water in time sufficient normal root water, with 2000-2500 strain, be advisable for every 667 square metres; After work in 3-5 days, the flat cave of root is stopped up in ridging, then in furrow face, inside and outside two cover black physics after laying two micro-irrigation flexible pipes in the ranks and press down meadow film, and rupture of membranes is put seedling, envelope cave flanging in time;

(4), cultivation management

Temperature and humidity regulation

The field planting initial stage is implemented spacious canopy management, and cover net cooling, should push away folded film net calm night to ceiling, allows plant as often as possible experience night cool, and day temperature is adjusted in below 30 ℃ as far as possible, and night, temperature regulated as far as possible

Below 20 ℃; After late September, progressively close canopy, enter room temperature management, and the damping of in good time ventilating; When the very night, temperature was lower than 13 ℃, in booth both sides, add apron film; When the very night, temperature was lower than 8 ℃, in canopy, on furrow, add little shed overlay film, and along operating every 5 meter amperes of ditch between furrow, fill a 200-300 watt of incandescent lamp in canopy, illumination and heat are provided; Enter after December, with mercury dropped, progressively on little shed film, add a cover the insulation materials such as straw screen or mat or the agricultural nonwoven of water proof type and take off lid at night daytime, the gain of heat of turning on light at night; The last ten-days period in December are laggard enters the fresh-keeping management in field, and straw screen or mat is suitably encrypted; During cold current, to cover tightly in fact, and the common light by day of trying one's best, keep a close eye on antifreeze; After the beginning of spring along with temperature is progressively gone up, suitably ventilate, the fresh-keeping management that keeps 8-15 ℃ of temperature on the low side, after the first tenday period of a month in March, should add a cover sunshade net outward at booth, intercept sunlight, to keep the fresh-keeping environments cooling of relative equilibrium in canopy, during this as cloudy weather for several days running, can to the little shed in booth, from inner side, open limit at night and implement to ventilate in a small amount, the generation of popular with disease prevention in decayed fruit;

Illumination adjusting

The full-bloom stage in the first tenday period of a month in the middle ten days and the last ten days in September to October as far as possible more implements " sunbaths " management, in calm or gentle breeze sky, pushes away film to ceiling, and plant is placed in to many sensitization of trying one's best under open-air condition, survive the winter the fresh-keeping management phase, and spy

Not cloudy weather for several days running sky, should take off by straw screen or mat or nonwoven the assurance of the time of lid, plant, low temperature, in sufferable scope, is increased to illumination as far as possible; The covering that substantially keeps curtain in outer net after getting warm again after a cold spell the beginning of spring, to keep the fresh-keeping environments cooling of relative equilibrium in canopy;

Rich water quality management

According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, the field planting that emphasis is held plant lives, just fruit phase, swollen fruit mid-term etc. key point, under binding film, micro drip-irrigation is implemented to topdress, general field planting live after every mu of amino acid active liquid fertilizer with 4-5kg chase after tiller fertilizer one time, just every mu of fruit phase and swollen fruit mid-term, each topdressed with the water-soluble 45-48% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of 10-15kg high-quality implementation focus; In conjunction with the control of damage by disease and insect, respectively at the florescence to the full bearing period, the boron fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.2%, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% calcium chloride each 1-2 time; Pour water thoroughly and not steep and be advisable, and ventilation in time after pouring water, to reduce humidity in canopy; After the first tenday period of a month in November, should strictly control moisture, in canopy, humidity is controlled between 30%-40%;

(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest

Autumn is delayed the relative spring of capsicum and does sth. in advance capsicum, disease alleviates, emphasis is noted the control of virus disease and gray mold, but insect pest meeting increases the weight of, should be according to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", comprehensive farmer's law, bioanalysis, Physical and the chemical method of adopting carries out integrated control in good time, and notes protection against rodents;

(6) gather: the last ten-days period between April in late December to next year, according to the market conditions listing of gathering of selecting a time of selecting a good opportunity in batches; After gathering, should clean in time rural area, harmless treatment straw and discarded mulch film.

2. according to the shed for pepper autumn described in claim 1, delay the fresh-keeping cultivation method in field of surviving the winter, it is characterized in that: the soil conditioner described in step (3) is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, the offcuts 20-25 of food factory, vinasse 3-5, white lime 2-3, potassium humate 8-10, boric acid 5-6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03, manganese sulphate 0.2-0.3, magnesium sulfate 4-5, ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.2, bone meal 8-11, Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide 2-4, peppermint oil 1-2, glycerine 1-2, sucrose ester 0.1-0.3, water is appropriate, by vermiculite power, clay, citric acid adds suitable quantity of water to mix, stir into mud, send into 200-300 ℃ of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4 mm coarse grain, by again with formula in rest materials mix and blend after 40-50 minute, granulation, spraying peppermint oil, dry and get final product,

Described Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide has following method to make: a, take onion 25-35, southern magnolia 2-4, kuh-seng 3-4, India canna leaf 4-6, pomelo peel 4-6, Chinese pulsatilla 6-8, asiatic moonseed 4-6, golden cypress 1-2, tuber of stemona 4-6, betel nut 3-4, alumen 2-3, gall nut 3-4, frutus cnidii 2-4, Fructus meliae toosendan 3-4, the blue 3-4 of mountain villous themeda, water eggplant 2-4, baeckea frutescen 2-4, zinc oxide 2-4, fern root 2-4 by weight; B, onion is gone root peeling to squeeze the juice to filter to obtain Conditions of Onion Juice; C, by remaining herbal raw materials such as southern magnolia, kuh-seng, India canna leaf 4, pomelo peel, the Chinese pulsatillas, mix poach and be boiled into and mix soup juice; D, the mixing soup juice that step (c) is made mix, filter with Conditions of Onion Juice, concentrated, and spraying is dry, then mix with the borneol and grinding of powder weight 1-2%, obtain Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide.