CN109197502A - A kind of breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling - Google Patents

A kind of breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109197502A
CN109197502A CN201810882903.5A CN201810882903A CN109197502A CN 109197502 A CN109197502 A CN 109197502A CN 201810882903 A CN201810882903 A CN 201810882903A CN 109197502 A CN109197502 A CN 109197502A
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seedling
seedlings
soil
blanket
water
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CN109197502B (en
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马根众
侯丽霞
朱月浩
董太新
陈通
李鹍鹏
栾雪雁
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Zhucheng Hantai Machinery Technology Co Ltd
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Zhucheng Hantai Machinery Technology Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种辣椒毯状苗的培育方法，包括以下步骤：配制灭菌营养土、装盘、种子处理、播种、叠盘保墒、摆盘补墒和移栽等，本发明的辣椒毯状苗的培育方法，可育成高密度毯状辣椒苗，苗壮苗齐，各苗之间通过基质和根系联系，成为毯状整体，可用插爪式高速移栽机移栽，移栽时，除驾驶员外，不需要额外人工送苗，节省人工，能大幅度减少劳动强度，提高作业效率，实现大田辣椒高密度规模生产；本发明的辣椒毯状苗的培育方法，每盘可培育1000多颗秧苗，移栽一亩仅需秧盘3~4个，相比传统的钵体育苗节省秧盘140个，节省育苗占地，提高土地生产效益。The invention discloses a method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of pepper, comprising the following steps: preparing sterilized nutrient soil, packing, seed treatment, sowing, stacking trays to maintain moisture, placing trays to replenish moisture and transplanting, etc. The cultivation method of seedlings can be bred into high-density blanket-shaped pepper seedlings. The seedlings are strong and seedlings. Each seedling is connected by the matrix and the root system to form a blanket-shaped whole. It can be transplanted with a claw-type high-speed transplanter. Except for the driver, there is no need for additional manual feeding of seedlings, labor is saved, labor intensity can be greatly reduced, operation efficiency can be improved, and high-density large-scale production of field peppers can be realized; the cultivation method of pepper blanket seedlings of the present invention can cultivate more than 1,000 seedlings per plate. For a single seedling, only 3 to 4 seedling trays are needed for transplanting one mu, which saves 140 seedling trays compared to the traditional pot seedlings, saves the land for seedlings, and improves the efficiency of land production.

Description

A kind of breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural seedling-raising, specifically a kind of breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling.
Background technique
The quality of the quality of seedlings is the key that measure a kind of seedling-raising technique, and strong sprout refers to the vegetable seedling with yield potential Group can establish preferable seedling quality basis for the good quality and high output of vegetables, be usually suitable for seedling age, grow it is neat, disease-free Several aspects such as insect pest and seedling quality are good are measured, and pepper seedling raising is generally bred as bowl shape seedling at present, and the method for culturing seedlings is in machine Tool can only use suppending cup type transplanter when transplanting, and need artificial throwing seedling, and the amount of labour used is big, and operating efficiency is low, cannot sufficiently send out Wave the advantage of agriculture equipment；And capsicum pot seedling seedling, most 200 of every disk rice shoot, one mu of transplanting need hole tray 150 It is a, need to occupy a large amount of soils.
In traditional pepper seedling raising, the major function of bed soil is supporting role and provides reasonable nutrition for capsicum, and In blanket seedling nursery, bed soil becomes the main carriers of blanket seedling, and reasonable nutritional ingredient is not only provided for Hot Pepper Seedling, itself Machine seedling taking quality when physical structure also directly affects the formation quality and transplanting of blanket seedling, and since the root of Hot Pepper Seedling is The quantity of the system of taproot, root is few, and intensity is small, therefore intensity enough blanket seedlings in root are hardly formed in simple soil, if The root system intensity of rice shoot is inadequate, is easy to happen fragmentation during installing from seedling disk seedling taking, and due to simple soil texture Than more loose, seedling soil is easy to fall off from root system when rice transplanting head seedling taking, causes tether panel soil amount few, living slow a, slow seedling after transplanting Time is long.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding methods of capsicum blanket seedling.
The present invention to achieve the above object, is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling, comprising the following steps:
1. preparing bactericidal nurishing soil: selecting the preceding soil for not planting solanaceous crops for 2~3 years, add into every cubic metre of soil Enter the useless mushroom of 1~2kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.02~0.04g of borax, 5~25g of decomposed manure, 1~2kg of plant ash, cotton seed hull Expect 50~80kg and 3~8kg lignocellulosic, obtains Nutrition Soil after mixing；50% carbendazim is diluted with water 1000 times, Then carbendazim and Nutrition Soil are mixed according to the ratio of 5~6g:100kg of mass ratio, is sealed 2~3 days, is obtained with film after mixing thoroughly Bactericidal nurishing soil；
2. sabot: by bactericidal nurishing soil be packed into seed plate, it is 3~5mm lower than disk mouth, strike off, watering to be saturated, extra water by Drainage hole discharge, it is spare；
3. seed treatment: using capsuled seed without processing, directly sowing；Uncoated seed, using following steps into Row processing: seed is dried 2~3 days prior to seeding, is then soaked with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate or with 1000 times of liquor potassic permanganate Bubble 15~25 minutes is pulled out in the water for being put into 55~60 DEG C after being cleaned with clear water, and natural cooling after stirring 10~15 minutes is washed by rubbing with the hands Seed removal the surface of the seed mucilage simultaneously dries, spare；
4. sowing: using essence amount positioning planting is manually or mechanically carried out, thickness of sowing is 1100~1200/disk, uniformly It is covered with seedling disk, then covers 2~3mm of bactericidal nurishing soil that water content is 40~50%；
5. disc stack preserves soil moisture: seed plate after planting is stacked layer by layer to 20-40 lamination, top layer's plastic film caping, phase Two column seed plate 5~10cm of spacing of neighbour, temperature are controlled at 25~28 DEG C, and humid control is 80~90%；
6. balance mends moisture in the soil: when there are 20~30% young shoots to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally in seed plate to push up soil, seed plate is moved on into nursery place and is set, and Moisturizing is carried out to the place of water shortage；
7. transplanting: carrying out balled transplanting when 15~20cm of rice shoot plant height, 3~5 leaves, 0.2~0.4cm of stem thickness, transplant previous It is watered with root water.
Preferably, fertilizer management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, spraying matter before one leaf phase of rice shoot and transplanting Measure the aqueous solution of urea that concentration is 0.1~0.5%；Tri-leaf period spray mass concentration be 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 500 times of foliar fertilizers.
Preferably, capsicum blanket seedling density is big, to prevent weak seedling, meets high temperature disleave, uses 250g/ in two leaf stage 0.4-1.2 milliliters of L first piperazine (helping strong element), is watered 20 kilograms, sprays one time.
Preferably, temperature management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, 20~30 DEG C of day temperature, nocturnal temperature It is 15~20 DEG C, day and night temperature is 5~10 DEG C.
Preferably, illumination management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, daily light application time is 7~8 hours.
Preferably, it when samping off and damping-off occurs in rice shoot, is prevented and treated using 70% thiophanate methyl or green prosperous No. 1, In 70% thiophanate methyl dosage be 4~6g/m2, green prosperous No. 1 dosage is 3~4g/m2。
Preferably, when insect pest occurs in rice shoot, take following measures: insect pest initial stage wards off aphid mist wettable powder using 50% 2000~4000 times of liquid are prevented and treated by spraying；When there is >=5% plant by insect pest, using 2.5% decis, 10% decis or 20% 3000 times of sumicidin missible oil is prevented and treated by spraying.
The present invention has the advantage that compared with prior art
The breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling of the invention, can be bred as high density blanket Hot Pepper Seedling, healthy seedlings, between each seedling It is contacted by matrix and root system, becomes blanket entirety, can transplanted with inserting grab high speed transplanting machine, when transplanting, in addition to driver, no It needs additionally manually to send seedling, save manually, labor intensity can be greatly reduced, improve operating efficiency, realize that crop field capsicum is highly dense Spend large-scale production；The breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling of the invention, every disk can cultivate more than 1000 rice shoots, and one mu of transplanting only needs seedling 3~4, disk, 140, seedling disk are saved compared to traditional bowl seeding, nursery land occupation is saved, improves soil productivity effect；
The breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling of the invention is using bactericidal nurishing soil, firstly, decomposed manure and plant ash have Conducive to Zinc fractions micelle kernel structure, and it can increase soil mineral and potash fertilizer content, the useless mushroom material of cotton seed hull and wooden fibre The presence for tieing up element, quantity and the intensity that can make up for it capsicum rice shoot root are insufficient, become the connection tie between soil and root system, favorably In the blanket seedling for forming high quality；Secondly, bactericidal nurishing soil can not only play preferable supporting role and mention for capsicum rice shoot For sufficient nutrition, the root intensity of capsicum rice shoot can be made big, quantity is more, is not easy to send out during installing from seedling disk seedling taking Raw fragmentation, and soil texture is compact, seedling soil is not easy to fall off from root system when rice transplanting head seedling taking, and the band soil amount of root system is few, transplanting Work is fast afterwards, and transplanting seedling time is short；Again, it since the density in sprout-tray seedling growth is far longer than the nursery in rice seedling bed, is carried in soil Germ be easy breeding, cause Hot Pepper Seedling resistance to decline along with big due to density, be easy to happen seedling death phenomenon, because This, uses bactericidal nurishing soil, reduces the quantity of pathogen from the root, make rice shoot invading from germ in the application Evil.
Specific embodiment
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding methods of capsicum blanket seedling, are achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling, comprising the following steps:
1. preparing bactericidal nurishing soil: selecting the preceding soil for not planting solanaceous crops for 2~3 years, add into every cubic metre of soil Enter the useless mushroom of 1~2kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.02~0.04g of borax, 5~25g of decomposed manure, 1~2kg of plant ash, cotton seed hull Expect 50~80kg and 3~8kg lignocellulosic, obtains Nutrition Soil after mixing；50% carbendazim is diluted with water 1000 times, Then carbendazim and Nutrition Soil are mixed according to the ratio of 5~6g:100kg of mass ratio, is sealed 2~3 days, is obtained with film after mixing thoroughly Bactericidal nurishing soil；
2. sabot: by bactericidal nurishing soil be packed into seed plate, it is 3~5mm lower than disk mouth, strike off, watering to be saturated, extra water by Drainage hole discharge, it is spare；
3. seed treatment: 90% or more seed quality purity, 98% or more cleanliness, 95% or more germination percentage, according to packet Clothing seed is directly sowed without processing；It according to uncoated seed, is handled using following steps: seed is being sowed Then preceding sunning 2~3 days impregnates 15~25 minutes with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate or with 1000 times of liquor potassic permanganate, pulls use out Clear water is put into 55~60 DEG C of water after cleaning, natural cooling after stirring 10~15 minutes, and it is viscous to wash seed removal the surface of the seed by rubbing with the hands Matter object simultaneously dries, spare；
4. sowing: using essence amount positioning planting is manually or mechanically carried out, thickness of sowing is 1100~1200/disk, uniformly Be covered with seedling disk, then cover bactericidal nurishing 2~3mm of soil that water content is 40~50%, with do not reveal it is kind as far as possible shallow preferably, thickness is equal Even, lid kind of soil will water on a small quantity, stir evenly, and water content is 40~50% or so of maximum water-holding capacity, feel is wet, hold at I.e. scattered be preferred is unclamped by group；
5. disc stack preserves soil moisture: seed plate after planting is stacked layer by layer to 20-40 lamination, top layer's plastic film caping, phase Two column seed plate 5~10cm of spacing of neighbour, temperature are controlled at 25~28 DEG C, and humid control is 80~90%；This process can be in germinating cabinet Or it is carried out in greenhouse；
6. balance mends moisture in the soil: when there are 20~30% young shoots to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally in seed plate to push up soil, seed plate is moved on into nursery place and is set, and Moisturizing is carried out to the place of water shortage；
7. transplanting: carrying out balled transplanting when 15~20cm of rice shoot plant height, 3~5 leaves, 0.2~0.4cm of stem thickness, transplant previous It is watered with root water.
Preferably, fertilizer management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, spraying matter before one leaf phase of rice shoot and transplanting Measure the aqueous solution of urea that concentration is 0.1~0.5%；Tri-leaf period spray mass concentration be 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 500 times of foliar fertilizers；Sufficient moisture is kept during seedling growth, seen to do and then be poured, pour, irrigate, leak informaton hydrofuge after pouring；
Preferably, capsicum blanket seedling density is big, to prevent weak seedling, meets high temperature disleave, uses 250g/ in two leaf stage 0.4-1.2 milliliters of L first piperazine (helping strong element), is watered 20 kilograms, sprays one time.
Preferably, temperature management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, capsicum likes higher temperature, but nursery Daytime is also wanted in the process and takes the circumstances into consideration to divulge information, reduces relative air humidity, carbon dioxide and hardening is supplemented, to enhance resistance, so that seedling Seedling is healthy and strong；20~30 DEG C of day temperature, nocturnal temperature is 15~20 DEG C, and day and night temperature is 5~10 DEG C.
Preferably, illumination management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, daily light application time is 7~8 hours； Winter nursery will allow rice shoot sufficiently light-exposed, increase illumination in canopy, such as adapted fluorescent agro lamp, bio-effect lamp or arc lamp are mended Fill illumination；Seedling growing in summer will avoid direct sunlight, 11 points to 15 points expansion sunshade net shadings of fine day.
Preferably, it when samping off and damping-off occurs in rice shoot, is prevented and treated using 70% thiophanate methyl or green prosperous No. 1, In 70% thiophanate methyl dosage be 4~6g/m2, green prosperous No. 1 dosage is 3~4g/m2。
Preferably, when insect pest occurs in rice shoot, take following measures: insect pest initial stage wards off aphid mist wettable powder using 50% 2000~4000 times of liquid are prevented and treated by spraying；When there is >=5% plant by insect pest, using 2.5% decis, 10% decis or 20% 3000 times of sumicidin missible oil is prevented and treated by spraying.
For the selection of nursery place in seedling raising process, to select with heating and cooling system, sunshade heavy curtain system, light filling System, ventilating system and irrigation system, temperature and humidity adjustment performance is good, and the good vinyl house of airtightness or greenhouse carry out nursery. It does not satisfy the requirements, selects topography flat, open, illumination is good, ventilation is smooth, drains convenient plot, and set up steelframe or bamboo The simple arched shed of timber structure, general width 6m, high 8m, length and size can be adjusted according to nursery scale, and arched shed wants root Film, sunshade net, fly net are covered according to nursery season, hangs yellow plate, backboard etc..
The selection of seed plate is using rice hard seedling-cultivation plate, and length × width × height is 58cm × 28cm × 3cm, and bottom is uniformly divided Cloth drainage hole.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling, comprising the following steps:
1. preparing bactericidal nurishing soil: selecting the preceding soil for not planting solanaceous crops for 2~3 years, add into every cubic metre of soil It is wooden to enter the useless mushroom material 50kg and 3kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 1kg, borax 0.02g, decomposed manure 5g, plant ash 1kg, cotton seed hull Cellulose obtains Nutrition Soil after mixing；50% carbendazim is diluted with water 1000 times, then presses carbendazim and Nutrition Soil It according to the ratio mixing of mass ratio 5g:100kg, is sealed 2 days after mixing thoroughly with film, obtains bactericidal nurishing soil；
2. sabot: bactericidal nurishing soil is packed into seed plate, it is 3mm lower than disk mouth, it strikes off, watering is to being saturated, and extra water is by arranging Water hole discharge, it is spare；
3. seed treatment: using capsuled seed without processing, directly sowing；Uncoated seed, using following steps into Row processing: seed is dried 2 days prior to seeding, is then impregnated 15 minutes with 10% trisodium phosphate solution, pulled out and cleaned with clear water It is put into 55 DEG C of water afterwards, stirs natural cooling after ten minutes, wash seed removal the surface of the seed mucilage by rubbing with the hands and dried, it is spare；
4. sowing: using essence amount positioning planting is manually or mechanically carried out, thickness of sowing is 1100/disk, is uniformly covered with seedling Then disk covers the bactericidal nurishing soil 2mm that water content is 40%；
5. disc stack preserves soil moisture: seed plate after planting is stacked layer by layer to 20 laminations, top layer's plastic film caping, adjacent two Column seed plate spacing 5cm, temperature are controlled at 25~28 DEG C, and humid control is 80~90%；
6. balance mends moisture in the soil: when there are 20~30% young shoots to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally in seed plate to push up soil, seed plate is moved on into nursery place and is set, and Moisturizing is carried out to the place of water shortage；
7. transplanting: carrying out balled transplanting when 15~20cm of rice shoot plant height, 3~5 leaves, 0.2~0.4cm of stem thickness, transplant previous It is watered with root water.
Embodiment 2
A kind of breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling, comprising the following steps:
1. preparing bactericidal nurishing soil: selecting the preceding soil for not planting solanaceous crops for 2~3 years, add into every cubic metre of soil It is wooden to enter the useless mushroom material 80kg and 8kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 2kg, borax 0.04g, decomposed manure 25g, plant ash 2kg, cotton seed hull Cellulose obtains Nutrition Soil after mixing；50% carbendazim is diluted with water 1000 times, then presses carbendazim and Nutrition Soil It according to the ratio mixing of mass ratio 6g:100kg, is sealed 3 days after mixing thoroughly with film, obtains bactericidal nurishing soil；
2. sabot: bactericidal nurishing soil is packed into seed plate, it is 5mm lower than disk mouth, it strikes off, watering is to being saturated, and extra water is by arranging Water hole discharge, it is spare；
3. seed treatment: using capsuled seed without processing, directly sowing；Uncoated seed, using following steps into Row processing: seed is dried 2~3 days prior to seeding, is then impregnated 25 minutes with 1000 times of liquor potassic permanganate, pulled out with clear Water is put into 60 DEG C of water after cleaning, natural cooling after stirring 15 minutes, is washed seed removal the surface of the seed mucilage by rubbing with the hands and is dried, It is spare；
4. sowing: using essence amount positioning planting is manually or mechanically carried out, thickness of sowing is 1200/disk, is uniformly covered with seedling Then disk covers 2~3mm of bactericidal nurishing soil that water content is 40~50%；
5. disc stack preserves soil moisture: seed plate after planting is stacked layer by layer to 40 laminations, top layer's plastic film caping, adjacent two Column seed plate spacing 10cm, temperature are controlled at 25~28 DEG C, and humid control is 80~90%；
6. balance mends moisture in the soil: when there are 20~30% young shoots to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally in seed plate to push up soil, seed plate is moved on into nursery place and is set, and Moisturizing is carried out to the place of water shortage；
7. transplanting: carrying out balled transplanting when 15~20cm of rice shoot plant height, 3~5 leaves, 0.2~0.4cm of stem thickness, transplant previous It is watered with root water.
Embodiment 3
A kind of breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling, comprising the following steps:
1. preparing bactericidal nurishing soil: selecting the preceding soil for not planting solanaceous crops for 2~3 years, add into every cubic metre of soil Enter the useless mushroom material 60kg and 5kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 1.5kg, borax 0.03g, decomposed manure 15g, plant ash 1.5kg, cotton seed hull Lignocellulosic obtains Nutrition Soil after mixing；50% carbendazim is diluted with water 1000 times, then by carbendazim and nutrition Soil is mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 5.5g:100kg, is sealed 2.5 days after mixing thoroughly with film, and bactericidal nurishing soil is obtained；
2. sabot: bactericidal nurishing soil is packed into seed plate, it is 4mm lower than disk mouth, it strikes off, watering is to being saturated, and extra water is by arranging Water hole discharge, it is spare；
3. seed treatment: using capsuled seed without processing, directly sowing；Uncoated seed, using following steps into Row processing: seed is dried 2~3 days prior to seeding, is then impregnated 20 minutes with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate liquid, pulled out and cleaned with clear water It is put into 58 DEG C of water, natural cooling after stirring 12 minutes, washes seed removal the surface of the seed mucilage by rubbing with the hands and dries afterwards, it is spare；
4. sowing: using essence amount positioning planting is manually or mechanically carried out, thickness of sowing is 1150/disk, is uniformly covered with seedling Then disk covers 2~3mm of bactericidal nurishing soil that water content is 45%；
5. disc stack preserves soil moisture: seed plate after planting is stacked layer by layer to 30 laminations, top layer's plastic film caping, adjacent two Column seed plate spacing 8cm, temperature are controlled at 25~28 DEG C, and humid control is 80~90%；
6. balance mends moisture in the soil: when there are 20~30% young shoots to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally in seed plate to push up soil, seed plate is moved on into nursery place and is set, and Moisturizing is carried out to the place of water shortage；
Temperature management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, 20 DEG C of day temperature, nocturnal temperature is 15 DEG C, round the clock The temperature difference is 5 DEG C；
Since capsicum blanket seedling density is big, to prevent weak seedling, high temperature disleave is met, uses 250g/L first in two leaf stage 0.4 milliliter of piperazine (helping strong element), is watered 20 kilograms, sprays one time；
Illumination management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, daily light application time is 7~8 hours；
7. transplanting: carrying out balled transplanting when 15~20cm of rice shoot plant height, 3~5 leaves, 0.2~0.4cm of stem thickness, transplant previous It is watered with root water.
Embodiment 4
A kind of breeding method of capsicum blanket seedling, comprising the following steps:
1. preparing bactericidal nurishing soil: selecting the preceding soil for not planting solanaceous crops for 2~3 years, add into every cubic metre of soil Enter the useless mushroom material 70kg and 5kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 1.2kg, borax 0.03g, decomposed manure 15g, plant ash 1.2kg, cotton seed hull Lignocellulosic obtains Nutrition Soil after mixing；50% carbendazim is diluted with water 1000 times, then by carbendazim and nutrition Soil is mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 5.2g:100kg, is sealed 3 days after mixing thoroughly with film, and bactericidal nurishing soil is obtained；
2. sabot: bactericidal nurishing soil is packed into seed plate, it is 5mm lower than disk mouth, it strikes off, watering is to being saturated, and extra water is by arranging Water hole discharge, it is spare；
3. seed treatment: using capsuled seed without processing, directly sowing；Uncoated seed, using following steps into Row processing: seed is dried 3 days prior to seeding, is then impregnated 18 minutes with 1000 times of liquor potassic permanganate, pulls out and use clear water It is put into 55~60 DEG C of water, natural cooling after stirring 14 minutes, washes seed removal the surface of the seed mucilage by rubbing with the hands and dries in the air after cleaning It is dry, it is spare；
4. sowing: using essence amount positioning planting is manually or mechanically carried out, thickness of sowing is 1180/disk, is uniformly covered with seedling Then disk covers the bactericidal nurishing soil 2.6mm that water content is 40~50%；
5. disc stack preserves soil moisture: seed plate after planting is stacked layer by layer to 25 laminations, top layer's plastic film caping, adjacent two Column seed plate spacing 8cm, temperature are controlled at 25~28 DEG C, and humid control is 80~90%；
6. balance mends moisture in the soil: when there are 20~30% young shoots to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally in seed plate to push up soil, seed plate is moved on into nursery place and is set, and Moisturizing is carried out to the place of water shortage；
Fertilizer management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, spraying mass concentration before one leaf phase of rice shoot and transplanting For 0.1~0.5% aqueous solution of urea；Spraying mass concentration in tri-leaf period is 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 500 times of leaves Leaven；Since capsicum blanket seedling density is big, to prevent weak seedling, high temperature disleave is met, uses 250g/L first piperazine in two leaf stage 1.2 milliliters of (helping strong element), is watered 20 kilograms, sprays one time.
Temperature management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, 20~30 DEG C of day temperature, nocturnal temperature is 15~20 DEG C, day and night temperature is 5~10 DEG C；
Illumination management is carried out during seedling growth, specifically, daily light application time is 7~8 hours；
7. transplanting: carrying out balled transplanting when 15~20cm of rice shoot plant height, 3~5 leaves, 0.2~0.4cm of stem thickness, transplant previous It is watered with root water.
The capsicum blanket seedling of Examples 1 to 4 does not occur samping off or damping-off during the growth process, if in seedling raising process When there is samping off and damping-off, using 70% thiophanate methyl or green prosperous No. 1 prevention and treatment, wherein 70% thiophanate methyl makes It is 4~6g/m with dosage2, green prosperous No. 1 dosage is 3~4g/m2。
The capsicum blanket seedling of Examples 1 to 4 does not occur insect pest during the growth process, if there is insect pest, insect pest initial stage is used 50% wards off 2000~4000 times of liquid of aphid mist wettable powder prevents and treats by spraying；When there is >=5% plant by insect pest, 2.5% is used Decis, 10% decis or 3000 times of 20% sumicidin missible oil spraying prevention and treatments.
Germinating to seedling rate, weak strain rate are carried out to capsicum rice shoot using the capsicum blanket seedling method for culturing seedlings of Examples 1 to 4 and strengthened Seedling index and transplanting survival rate are detected, and (carrying out pepper seedling raising test with 200 seeds), wherein seedling vigorous index is with stem Slightly/plant height × complete stool dry weight calculates.The results are shown in Table 1.
1 capsicum rice shoot germinating to seedling rate of table, weak strain rate and seedling vigorous index result table
Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3 Embodiment 4
Germinating to seedling rate 91% 92% 94% 93%
Weak strain rate 5.5% 4.3% 4.2% 5.4%
Seedling vigorous index 0.0304 0.0315 0.0325 0.0345
Transplanting survival rate 95% 96% 95% 98%
It can be reached it can be seen from the result of table 1 using the germinating to seedling rate of capsicum blanket seedling method for culturing seedlings of the invention 90% or more, hence it is evident that higher than the 80% of conventional seedbed system；And weak strain rate is low, and seedling vigorous index is high, and transplanting survival rate is high.

Claims (7)

1.一种辣椒毯状苗的培育方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：1. a cultivation method of pepper blanket seedling, is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps: ①配制灭菌营养土：选用前2~3年未种植茄科作物的土壤，向每立方米土壤中加入氮磷钾复合肥1~2kg、硼砂0.02~0.04g、腐熟有机肥5~25g、草木灰1~2kg、棉籽皮废菇料50~80kg和3~8kg木质纤维素，混合均匀后得到营养土；将50%多菌灵用水稀释1000倍，然后将多菌灵和营养土按照质量比5~6g：100kg的比例混合，拌匀后用膜密封2~3天，得到灭菌营养土；①Preparation of sterilized nutrient soil: Select the soil that has not been planted with Solanaceae crops in the previous 2 to 3 years, and add 1 to 2 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 0.02 to 0.04 g of borax, 5 to 25 g of decomposed organic fertilizer to each cubic meter of soil. 1~2kg of plant ash, 50~80kg of cottonseed skin and waste mushroom material and 3~8kg of lignocellulose are mixed evenly to obtain nutrient soil; 50% carbendazim is diluted 1000 times with water, and then carbendazim and nutrient soil are mixed according to the mass ratio Mix 5~6g:100kg in a ratio, mix well and seal with film for 2~3 days to obtain sterilized nutrient soil; ②装盘：将灭菌营养土装入苗盘，比盘口低3~5mm，刮平，浇水至饱和，多余的水由排水孔排出，备用；②Place the plate: put the sterilized nutrient soil into the seedling plate, 3~5mm lower than the plate mouth, scrape it flat, water it until it is saturated, and the excess water will be drained from the drainage hole for use; ③种子处理：采用包衣种子无需处理，直接播种；未包衣的种子，采用以下步骤进行处理：将种子在播种前晾晒2~3天，然后用10%磷酸三钠或用1000倍的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡15~25分钟，捞出用清水洗净后放入55~60℃的水中，搅拌10~15分钟后自然冷却，搓洗种子去除种子表面粘质物并晾干，备用；③Seed treatment: Coated seeds are directly sown without treatment; uncoated seeds are treated with the following steps: air the seeds for 2 to 3 days before sowing, and then use 10% trisodium phosphate or 1000 times higher Soak in potassium manganate solution for 15-25 minutes, take out and wash with clean water, put it in water at 55-60°C, stir for 10-15 minutes, then cool naturally, scrub the seeds to remove sticky substances on the surface of the seeds and dry them for later use; ④播种：采用人工或机械进行精量定位播种，播种密度为1100~1200粒/盘，均匀布满秧盘，然后覆盖含水量为40~50%的灭菌营养土2~3mm；④Sowing: Precise positioning and sowing by hand or machine. The seeding density is 1100~1200 grains per tray, and the trays are evenly distributed, and then covered with 2~3mm of sterilized nutrient soil with a water content of 40~50%; ⑤叠盘保墒：将播种后的苗盘层层叠放至20-40叠层，最上层用塑料薄膜盖顶，相邻两列苗盘间距5~10cm，温度控制在25~28℃，湿度控制在80~90%；⑤Stacking trays to protect moisture: place the seedling trays after sowing to 20-40 layers, the top layer is covered with plastic film, the distance between two adjacent rows of seedling trays is 5~10cm, the temperature is controlled at 25~28℃, and the humidity is controlled at 80~90%; ⑥摆盘补墒：当苗盘内有20~30%幼芽露白顶土时，将苗盘移到育苗场地摆好，并对缺水的地方进行补水；⑥Moisture supplement by placing the plate: When 20~30% of the seedlings are exposed to white topsoil in the seedling plate, move the seedling plate to the nursery site and place it well, and replenish water in the places lacking water; ⑦移栽：秧苗株高15~20cm、3~5叶、茎粗0.2~0.4cm时进行带土移栽，移栽前一天浇足定根水。⑦Transplanting: When the seedlings are 15~20cm high, 3~5 leaves, and 0.2~0.4cm thick, transplant with soil, and pour enough water to fix the roots the day before transplanting. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒毯状苗的培育方法，其特征在于：在秧苗生长过程中进行肥料管理，具体的，在秧苗一叶期和移栽前喷施质量浓度为0.1~0.5%的尿素水溶液；在三叶期喷施质量浓度为0.1~0.2%磷酸二氢钾和500倍叶面肥。2. the cultivating method of a kind of pepper blanket seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that: carry out fertilizer management in the seedling growth process, concretely, spraying mass concentration is 0.1 at the seedling one-leaf stage and before transplanting ~0.5% urea aqueous solution; spray the mass concentration of 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 500 times foliar fertilizer in the three-leaf stage. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒毯状苗的培育方法，其特征在于：在秧苗生长过程中进行管理，具体的，在二叶期使用250g/L甲哌鎓0.4~1.2毫升，兑水20公斤，喷施一遍。3. the cultivating method of a kind of pepper blanket seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that: manage in the seedling growth process, concretely, use 0.4～1.2 milliliters of 250g/L mepinium at two-leaf stage, Add 20 kg of water and spray it again. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒毯状苗的培育方法，其特征在于：在秧苗生长过程中进行温度管理，具体的，白天温度20~30℃，夜间温度为15~20℃，昼夜温差为5~10℃。4. the cultivation method of a kind of pepper blanket seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that: carry out temperature management in the seedling growth process, concrete, daytime temperature is 20～30 ℃, and nighttime temperature is 15～20 ℃, The temperature difference between day and night is 5~10℃. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒毯状苗的培育方法，其特征在于：在秧苗生长过程中进行光照管理，具体的，每天的光照时间为7~8小时。5. the cultivation method of a kind of pepper blanket seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that: carry out light management in the seedling growth process, concrete, the daily light time is 7～8 hours. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒毯状苗的培育方法，其特征在于：秧苗出现猝倒病和立枯病时，使用70%甲基托布津或者绿亨1号防治，其中70%甲基托布津的使用剂量为4~6g/m2，绿亨1号的使用剂量为3~4g/m2。6. the breeding method of a kind of pepper blanket seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when damping-off and blight appear in the seedling, use 70% thiophanate-methyl or No. 1 Lvheng to control, wherein 70% The dosage of % thiophanate-methyl is 4~6g/m 2 , and the dosage of Lvheng No. 1 is 3~4g/m 2 . 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒毯状苗的培育方法，其特征在于：秧苗出现虫害时，采取以下措施：虫害初期使用50%辟蚜雾可湿性粉剂2000～4000倍液喷雾防治；当有≥5%植株受到虫害时，使用2.5%溴氰菊酯、10%敌杀死或20%速灭杀丁乳油3000倍喷雾防治。7. the cultivation method of a kind of pepper blanket seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the seedling appears insect damage, take the following measures: use 50% aphid repellent mist wettable powder 2000～4000 times of liquid spray control in the initial stage of insect damage ; When more than 5% of the plants are infested by insects, use 2.5% deltamethrin, 10% dichloride or 20% quick-killing emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times for control.
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