CN107251738A - A kind of cultural method for reducing pest and disease damage and improving monkshood yield - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method for reducing pest and disease damage and improving monkshood yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN107251738A CN107251738A CN201710475296.6A CN201710475296A CN107251738A CN 107251738 A CN107251738 A CN 107251738A CN 201710475296 A CN201710475296 A CN 201710475296A CN 107251738 A CN107251738 A CN 107251738A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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Abstract
The present invention relates to monkshood technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of reduction pest and disease damage endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield.Cultural method of the present invention is included in a cultivation period to carry out selection of land site preparation, plantation, field management, disease pest and weed preventing and treating and harvests successively, before site preparation, to the immersion immersion treatment of crop field progress one week or so, Tanaka's ponding is discharged after immersion and is ploughed deeply, rake is thin afterwards, flattens and ditches and makees railway carriage or compartment；In the step of monkshood is planted, the wrong nest of root duplicate rows will be planted and planted, and plant 10~15% kind root more the gap in the ranks by the slightly smaller kind of root, be used with filling the gaps with seedlings, spray the herbicide of high-efficiency low-toxicity after plantation immediately；In the step of field management, including an animal-drawn seed plough railway carriage or compartment, ditch cleaning, fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding, spraying fertilizer, row irrigation, fertilising, root relief are stayed and stumble, go to push up bud picking and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc..The present invention can effectively reduce the harm of monkshood pest and disease damage, effectively prevent physiological dead seedling, withered seedling, mitigate field crop smothering and effectively improve the yield of monkshood.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to monkshood technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of reduction pest and disease damage endangers and improves monkshood yield
Cultural method.
Background technology
Monkshood is ranunculaceae plant rhizome of Chinese monkshood Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. root processed goods, is described as " returning
Sun rescues inverse first key medicine ", " four-dimensional in medicine ", its applicating history is long, determined curative effect, using in extensive range, face with important
Bed application value, has the medicinal history of two thousand yearses and the cultivation history of more than 1,000 years, main product is in Sichuan and Shaanxi in China.
Sichuan is the famous Genuine producing area of monkshood, is national monkshood production commodity base, Product Marketing is national and goes out
Mouthful, artificial plantation history can be traced back to before more than 1900 years, and yield accounts for more than half of national total amount, and quality assay is obtained within 2006
Geography symbol product protection (No. 41 bulletin in 2006).But some problems are occurred in that in quality assay production in recent years, it is attached
Sub- cultivated area increasingly atrophy, medicinal herb grower's economic benefit declines year by year, and local monkshood industrial prospect causes anxiety.Main cause has following two
Point：First, unified management is planted and lacked in frequently changing for monkshood, there is confusion in various degree and mix phenomenon in cultivar, sternly
The product quality and its medical value of monkshood are have impact on again.Second, monkshood production is long-term to use vegetative propagation, disease is accumulated, its
The diseases such as middle root rot, downy mildew, southern blight frequently occur, and cause monkshood yield reduction, production cost increase, have a strong impact on and
Govern the development of monkshood industry.
For the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of monkshood, the method used at present is most or single use chemical reagent except root rot,
The diseases such as downy mildew, southern blight, result of this is that formed vicious circle, not only prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control effect worse and worse,
Can also generation environment pollution, or even can also have a strong impact on monkshood yield and its medical value, it is impossible to monkshood disease pest from root
Evil is prevented and treated.
The content of the invention
It is green it is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of effectively reduction monkshood pest and disease damage harm
Colour circle is protected, and can effectively reduce physiological dead seedling, withered seedling, is mitigated field crop smothering and is effectively improved the cultural method of monkshood yield.
A kind of reduction pest and disease damage of the present invention endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield, comprises the following steps：
S1, plantation pre-treatment, including following sub-step：
S11, selection of land：Select height above sea level at 450~600 meters, physical features faces south, draining is good, soil layer is deep, rich in organic
Matter, soil property is the cultivated land of loam or sandy loam；
S12, site preparation：First 1~2 month of plantation, cuts weeds, and keeps whole field waterflooding state 6~8 days, and draining repeats 2~3
It is secondary, finally discharge water and dry；First 10~20 days of plantation, uses sufficient base fertilizer, tractor ploughs deeply 30~40cm thick soil stratums immediately, harrows repeatedly
Carefully, fertilizer is made fully to be mixed with soil；Delivery port is set to be less than water inlet when raking the soil level, with sharp draining and irrigation；
S13, open railway carriage or compartment：Lead steps on furrow before plantation, opens railway carriage or compartment；Railway carriage or compartment face center is slightly lower, with sharp fertilizing management, it should also be noted that railway carriage or compartment is faced
To with profit ventilation and illumination；
S2, plantation processing, including following sub-step：
S21, seed selection：Traditional monkshood cultivation is using high mountain breeding, the mode of production of Ba Qu cultivations；Set up in high altitude localities
Breeding, nursery base, growth selection is healthy and strong, be of moderate size, homogeneous kind root makees sowing material；Root size is planted with 100-grain weight 1100
~1500g is optimal；The kind root of go rotten, lack bud, bottomless and scar is removed, is deposited in after seed selection at shady and cool dry, in time
Plantation；
S22, plantation：Selection of time is planted before and after the Beginning of Winter；With 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of immersions before plantation
Plant 3~8min；The duplicate rows mistake nest plantation on whole good railway carriage or compartment, 22~26cm of line-spacing, nest is away from 12~15cm, the deep 13~15cm of nest, often
Nest plants a kind root, it is ensured that bud head upwards, is stumbled towards the ditch heart；Planting 10 more during plantation by the slightly smaller kind of root the gap in the ranks~
15% kind root, is used with filling the gaps with seedlings；Ditch 5~10cm of earthing is managed after cultivation, adult fish antiform is sprayed efficiently immediately in favor of draining
The herbicide of low toxicity is endangered with reducing crop smothering；Every mu with kind of root about 10,000~1.3 ten thousand；
S23, crop rotation：Using paddy rice or corn as wheel crop, the period of crop-rotation is 2~3 years；
S24, interplanting：According to planting vegetable and harvest time, selection is after plantation monkshood, on the railway carriage or compartment face of ditch both sides, with
65~75cm of spacing in the rows, wrong nest plantation, and plant two row vegetables every a ditch；, will be in advance by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months by taking corn as an example
The maize seedling cultivated is planted on the railway carriage or compartment face of ditch both sides, and spacing in the rows 70cm, wrong nest plantation plants two rows every a ditch；It is normal by corn
Rule cultivation management method is managed；
S3, field management, including following sub-step：
S31, an animal-drawn seed plough railway carriage or compartment, ditch cleaning, fill the gaps with seedlings：(before and after the beginning of spring), the large clod on railway carriage or compartment is being harrowed into ditch with bamboo rake before coming up
It is interior, with hoe it is whole it is thin after train again in railway carriage or compartment face, that is, an animal-drawn seed plough railway carriage or compartment processing is carried out, while evened out bottom of trench with hoe, in order to avoid ponding, i.e. ditch cleaning
Processing；On March, after the middle ten days seedling is all unearthed, diseased plant and its surrounding soil and the seedling burnt in spite of illness are pulled out, standby seedling is used
Balled transplanting, polishing is short of seedling；
S32, weeding：Artificial weeding is irregularly carried out, is careful not to injure seedling and root system；
S33, spraying fertilizer：During early spring, railway carriage or compartment face weeds are taken out, first time fertilising is carried out to seedling after filling the gaps with seedlings in time, promotes
Seedling；At the beginning of late April~5 month, before and after the Beginning of summer, after uprooting weed after second of root relief is stayed and stumbled, according to seedling growth situation, seedling is entered
Second of fertilising of row；In the case where base fertilizer is sufficient, if young plant growing way is relatively strengthened, Shaoshi or it can not apply suitably；
Ditch cleaning is carried out after topdressing every time and railway carriage or compartment face is arranged, railway carriage or compartment face is kept watt antiform；Forbid to use the people without becoming thoroughly decomposed
Domestic animals manure；Concentration of fertilizer and usage amount should be determined before fertilising according to monkshood growing state, especially high-temperature high humidity season, forbid big fertilizer
Flood, with unburned；
S34, row irrigation：, to before the first tenday period of a month in May, such as occurring every 15 days irrigation waters when spring drought or antecedent soil moisture after coming up
Once, soil profit leaching is often kept；Arid is met particularly after root relief, should be poured water in time；Pouring water can't flood to railway carriage or compartment face, can be in being close to
Late waterflooding is to semlsulcus；Pour water or heavy rain after, to check field, should be discharged immediately if any ponding；Heat should stop after June
Irrigate, and note discharging ponding；Depending on irrigation frequency is according to local climate, soil regime；
S35, root relief, which are stayed, stumbles：The time of infertility is carried out twice；Before and after Clear and Bright, carry out first time root relief and stay processing of stumbling；The Beginning of summer
It is front and rear, carry out second of root relief and stay processing of stumbling；
S36, go push up bud picking：In the high 35~45cm of plant, remove terminal bud when retaining 7~10, blade, and extract top in time
The following whole axillary buds in end；Go first extract the terminal bud and axillary bud of disease pest harm when pushing up bud picking；
S4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Integrated control is carried out using cultural control and chemical prevention；Root disease pest control is planted, should be passed through
The principle of thorough " putting prevention first, integrated control ", agricultural measures preventing and treating and chemical prevention are combined, and carry out pest and disease damage prediction,
National banned pesticides are prohibitted the use of, biogenic pesticide is used as far as possible in principle, does not apply or Shaoshi chemical pesticide；
S5, harvesting：Harvest, harvested in one week after the Summer Solstice, the latest no more than Slight Heat；Cross excavation easily rotten, and making late
Into soil pollution.
A kind of above-mentioned reduction pest and disease damage endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield, wherein applies bottom described in step S12
Fertilizer is：Apply 1500~3000kg of decomposed dung, 100~150kg of oil cake, 30~50kg of composite fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer 50 every mu of monkshood
~100kg.
A kind of above-mentioned reduction pest and disease damage endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield, opens every behind railway carriage or compartment in wherein step S13
Wide 65~the 75cm in railway carriage or compartment, 15~25cm of furrow width, 18~22cm of ditch depth.
A kind of above-mentioned reduction pest and disease damage endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield, wherein first described in step S33
Secondary fertilising applies oil cake 70~80kg, instant 35~45kg of composite fertilizer for every mu, and the strain in the middle of two rows on the face of railway carriage or compartment is imposed on after mixing
Between gap, and nest side pour 1500~2000kg/ mus of cleaning up excrement water.
A kind of above-mentioned reduction pest and disease damage endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield, wherein second described in step S33
Secondary fertilising pours 1000~2000kg/ mus of people and animals' liquid dung on nest side.
A kind of above-mentioned reduction pest and disease damage endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield, root relief wherein described in step S35
Stay and stumble specially：First time root relief, which is stayed, stumbles processing before and after Clear and Bright, with monkshood shovel or bamboo chip that plant is attached during 16~20cm of height of seedling
Near soil is pushed aside, reveals the small monkshood of mother tuber root and surrounding knot, and the small monkshood on stem foot and its eye are all extractd, only protected
1~2 big small monkshood is stayed, the plant root for having repaiied the soil training around next plant of root in previous strain after one plant has been repaiied
Portion, is carried out successively；Second of root relief, which is stayed, stumbled before and after the Beginning of summer, and method is identical with first time, mainly pared off newborn on stem foot
Small monkshood.Plant can not be shaken during root relief, plane soil is unsuitable too deep, it is to avoid injure female root.After each root relief, furrow ditch will clear up dry
Only, furrow face keeps turtleback shape, with sharp draining.
Endangered the invention discloses a kind of reduction pest and disease damage and improve the cultural method of monkshood yield, methods described is included in
Selection of land site preparation, plantation, field management, disease pest and weed preventing and treating are carried out in one cultivation period successively and is harvested, before site preparation, to big
Field carries out the immersion immersion treatment of one week or so, and Tanaka's ponding is discharged after immersion and is turned over, afterwards thickness, leveling table soil
And trench digging makees railway carriage or compartment, digs shallow ridges；In the step of monkshood is planted, root plantation will be planted in shallow ridges bottom of trench, and after plantation immediately
Spray the herbicide of high-efficiency low-toxicity；In the step of field management, including fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding, row irrigation, fertilising and pest and disease damage it is anti-
Control.By way of integrated cultural and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are combined, the harm of monkshood pest and disease damage can be effectively reduced, physiological is effectively prevented
Dead seedling, withered seedling, mitigate field crop smothering and effectively increase the yield of monkshood.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not
It is confined to as described below.
The quality assay GAP of embodiment 1
1st, home environment is determined
The requirement of 1.1 ecological environments
Height above sea level：The suitable height above sea level of monkshood field production is in 450~600m, and the suitable height above sea level of seedling fostering is in 1000~2000m.
Temperature：Average temperature of the whole year is 15~16 DEG C；
Rainfall：1000~1200 millimeters of annual rainfall；
Soil characteristic：Soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, draining well has continuous sand, the fine sand soil of irrigation conditions again.
1.2 environmental quality requirement
Soil：Soil quality GB15618 secondary standards should be met.
Irrigation water：Field irrigation water quality GB50842 standards should be met.
Air：Air quality GB3095 secondary standards should be met.
2nd, selection of land site preparation
Selection of land：Selection physical features faces south, well-drained cultivated land, and soil layer is deep, loam or sandy loam rich in organic matter, sea
Pull out 500 meters or so.
Site preparation：Plantation preceding 1~2 month or so, eliminates ground weeds, holding whole field waterflooding state one week or so, repeatedly 2~
3 times, discharge water and dry.Plantation first 10~20 days or so, according to soil fertility situation, every mu with 1500~3000kg of decomposed dung,
100~150kg of oil cake, 30~50kg of composite fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer 50~100kg mixed preparings are uniformly spilt in soil, drawn immediately by several times
Machine ploughs deeply 30~40cm, harrows thin repeatedly, fertilizer is fully mixed with soil.Delivery port is set to be less than water inlet when raking the soil level, with profit row
Water and irrigation.
Open railway carriage or compartment：Lead steps on furrow before plantation, opens the wide 70cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 20cm.Railway carriage or compartment face center is slightly lower, is applied with profit
Fertilizer management, it should also be noted that railway carriage or compartment is facing to profit ventilation and illumination.
3rd, plant
Seed selection：The conventionally employed high mountain breeding of monkshood, the mode of production of Ba Qu cultivations.Breeding is set up in high altitude localities, is educated
Seedling base, growth selection is healthy and strong, plant that root is of moderate size, homogeneous kind root makees sowing material, plant root size with 100-grain weight 1100~
1500g is optimal.Remove the kind root of go rotten, lack bud, bottomless and scar, be deposited in it is shady and cool dry place, plant in time.
Sow the time：Planted before and after the Beginning of Winter.
Method for planting：With 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of immersion kind 5min before plantation.The duplicate rows on whole good railway carriage or compartment
Wrong nest, line-spacing 24cm, nest plants 1 per nest, bud head upwards, is stumbled towards the ditch heart away from 12~15cm, nest depth 14cm.Every mu with plant about 1
Ten thousand~1.3 ten thousand.Planting more during plantation by the slightly smaller kind of root the gap in the ranks 10~15% kind root, be used with filling the gaps with seedlings.Plant
Ditch 5~10cm of earthing is managed afterwards, and adult fish antiform sprays the herbicide of high-efficiency low-toxicity to reduce crop smothering danger immediately in favor of draining
Evil.
Crop rotation：Preceding crop has paddy rice, corn etc., with paddy rice preferably, and the period of crop-rotation requires 2~3 years.
Interplanting corn：Vegetables can be interplanted after plantation monkshood, in early and middle ten dayses harvest in March next year.By the end of April at the beginning of 5 months, it will carry
Before the maize seedling that cultivates plant on the railway carriage or compartment face of ditch both sides, spacing in the rows 70cm, wrong nest plantation plants two rows every a ditch.By corn
Conventional cultivation management method is managed.
4th, field management
An animal-drawn seed plough railway carriage or compartment, ditch cleaning, fill the gaps with seedlings：Before coming up (before and after the beginning of spring), the large clod on railway carriage or compartment is being harrowed in ditch with bamboo rake, used
Hoe it is whole it is thin after train again in railway carriage or compartment face (i.e. an animal-drawn seed plough railway carriage or compartment), while evened out bottom of trench with hoe, in order to avoid ponding (i.e. ditch cleaning).On March, in
Ten days seedling be all unearthed after, pull out diseased plant and its surrounding soil and burnt in spite of illness, with standby seedling balled transplanting, polishing is short of seedling.
Weeding：Irregular artificial weeding, is careful not to injure seedling and root system.
Topdress：
Apply fertilizer for the first time：During early spring, railway carriage or compartment face weeds are taken out, are carried out after filling the gaps with seedlings in time.Every mu is applied oil cake 75kg or so, instant
Composite fertilizer 40kg, mixing impose on gap between the strain on the face of railway carriage or compartment in the middle of two rows, with reference to nest side pour every mu of cleaning up excrement water 1500~
2000kg, promotes to emerge.
Second of fertilising：At the beginning of late April~5 month, before and after the Beginning of summer, uprooting weed is combined and topdressed after second of root relief is stayed and stumbled, often
1000~2000kg of people and animals' liquid dung is poured on mu nest side.In the case that base fertilizer is sufficient, if young plant growing way is relatively strengthened, can suitably Shaoshi or
Do not apply.
Ditch cleaning is carried out after topdressing every time and railway carriage or compartment face is arranged, railway carriage or compartment face is kept watt antiform.Forbid to use the people without becoming thoroughly decomposed
Domestic animals manure.Concentration of fertilizer and usage amount should be determined before fertilising according to monkshood growing state, especially high-temperature high humidity season, forbid big fertilizer
Flood, with unburned.
Row irrigation：Depending on irrigation frequency is according to local climate, soil regime.It is general after coming up to before the first tenday period of a month in May,
Such as occur every 15 days irrigation waters when spring drought or antecedent soil moisture and once, often keep soil profit leaching.Arid is met particularly after root relief, should
Pour water in time.Pouring water can't flood to railway carriage or compartment face, can be in dusk waterflooding to semlsulcus.Pour water or heavy rain after, field is checked, if any product
Water should be discharged immediately.Heat should stop irrigating after June, and note discharge ponding at any time.
Root relief, which is stayed, stumbles：The time of infertility is carried out twice.For the first time before and after Clear and Bright, during 16~20cm of height of seedling, with monkshood shovel or
Bamboo chip pushs the soil near plant aside, reveals the small monkshood of mother tuber root and surrounding knot, by the small monkshood and its eye on stem foot
All extract, only retain small monkshood 1~2 big, repaiied after one plant and to have trained the soil around next plant of root in previous strain
The plant root repaiied, is carried out successively；Second of root relief, which is stayed, stumbled before and after the Beginning of summer, and method is identical with first time, mainly pares off
Newborn small monkshood on stem foot.Plant can not be shaken during root relief, plane soil is unsuitable too deep, it is to avoid injure female root.After each root relief, furrow
Ditch will be cleaned out, and furrow face keeps turtleback shape, with sharp draining.
Go to push up bud picking
Go to top：High 35~the 45cm of plant, terminal bud is removed when retaining 7~10, blade.
Bud picking：Whole axillary buds below top are extractd in time.
Go that the terminal bud and axillary bud of disease pest harm should be extractd when pushing up bud picking first.
5th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Root disease pest control is planted, the principle of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is implemented, agricultural measures are prevented
Control and be combined with chemical prevention, carry out pest and disease damage prediction, prohibit the use of national banned pesticides, in principle as far as possible using biological
Source pesticide, is not applied or Shaoshi chemical pesticide.
5.1 cultural control：Crop rotation is carried out, never continuous cropping.Planted with disease-free, worm kind root, the preceding attention of plantation is superseded in spite of illness, band
Worm kind root.During site preparation, timely draining after drying, rain is moderately ploughed deeply, field humidity is reduced.Disease pulls out diseased plant immediately after occurring,
Concentrate and destroy, to prevent spreading.
5.2 chemical prevention：
(1) root rot
The preventing and treating time：4~June
Index for control：Top plant is listless to wither, and blade is sagging, and diseased plant is dead when serious.Diseased plant prevents and treats when reaching more than 2%.
Prevention and controls：With 50% Tuzet wettable powder, 0.5 kilogram is watered 300 kilograms plus 15 kilograms of pouring fillings of lime, also
It can in proportion convert to apply or drenched with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid in liquid dung and fill.
(2) downy mildew
The preventing and treating time：3~May
Index for control：It is seedling stage more universal and serious disease.Seedling Stage, diseased plant fibrous root is undeveloped, upright blade
Protrude upward, and narrow and small curling, in greyish white light green color, blade back produces the mould layer of puce.After morbidity, complete stool is gradually withered, producing region
Cry " grey seedling ".The aggrieved top leaf of strain bleaches, and leaf curl is shrivelled in kermesinus or black, cane rupture and it is dead, producing region "
White point ".Diseased plant prevents and treats when reaching more than 2%.
Prevention and controls：Sick seedling is pulled out in time, with 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture sprinkling, it is also possible to 50% carbendazim wettable
500~800 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of pulvis.
(3) southern blight
The preventing and treating time：5~June
Index for control：The position that main monkshood stem of causing harm has a common boundary with female root, it is multiple to be born in summer high temperature rainy season.Morbidity
Initial stage, blade wilting was sagging, and part lodges on the ground when serious, and leaf green grass or young crops is withered, but stem does not fracture, and female root still connects together with stem.Disease
Strain is prevented and treated when reaching more than 2%.
Prevention and controls：The disease-free rhizome of Chinese monkshood is selected to plant；Crop rotation；Without chemical fertilizer；Early stage, has dug buried by diseased plant and sick soil,
And the healthy and strong plant filled near diseased plant is drenched with 1000 times of 5% lime or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, prevent something from spreading.
(4) wilt disease
The preventing and treating time：April early and middle ten dayses
Index for control：There are the striped of dark brown, sesame slices on cane, vein is in dark oil striped, and leaf flavescence is dead, horizontal
Stripping and slicing root also enclose by visible black color one.Diseased plant prevents and treats when reaching more than 2%.
Prevention and controls：For soil infection disease, disease immerses vascular bundle by root tuber wound, then is immersed in kind root of future generation
On.Note not hindering kind of a root when collecting seed, transport, planting；It was found that diseased plant is pulled out immediately.
(5) powdery mildew
The preventing and treating time：5~June
Index for control：Blade is first distorted upwards, and blade back produces brown plaque, and ellipse is gradually shrivelled.Germ is planted invalid
Survived the winter in strain, next year germ, which sprouts, produces white powder, spreads with the wind, especially severe when it is non-irrigated.Diseased plant prevents and treats when reaching more than 2%.
Prevention and controls：Early stage can be sprayed with 0.3 degree of lime sulfur of Baume, every 7~10 days 1 time, continuous 3 times.
(6) root-knot nematode
The preventing and treating time：5th, June
Index for control：Slim and frahile by sick plant, kind root is small, and knob is formed on fibrous root, is prevented and treated when reaching 5%.
Prevention and controls：Avoid continuous cropping, select and plant or carry out soil disinfection disease-freely, planted from without disease root.
(7) borer
The preventing and treating time：4th, 5, June
Index for control：Endanger cane, sting bad tissue, cause plant top gradually it is listless wither it is sagging, be referred to as " eave tile ".When serious
Plant is withered.Prevented and treated when worm strain rate is up to 5%.
Prevention and controls：When receiving the digging rhizome of Chinese monkshood, cane is concentrated to burn；Extract in time " eave tile ", concentration is made compost；Opposed with 90% crystal
Hundred 1000 times of worm liquid are sprayed；Use black light lamps adult.
6th, harvest
Collecting time：Harvest, harvested in one week after the Summer Solstice, the latest no more than Slight Heat.Cross excavation easily rotten, and making late
Into soil pollution.
Picking methods：Should be ready to before harvesting harvesting instrument, container containing and harvesting place with tackle mutation weather or
Person processes beneficial to postorder.The rainy day is avoided, is dug down and lifted from side with the special tooth harrow of excavation instrument two (attached plane), take monkshood,
Remove fibrous root, as fresh monkshood (mud monkshood).40~50cm or so is stacked naturally in cement flooring.Female root is cut down, dried i.e.
For monkshood.
Waterflooding is studied monkshood pest and disease damage and yield effect during 2 site preparation of embodiment
Experimental design
3 processing, 3 repetitions, RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, each cell 20cm are set2, field management is by traditional operation unification
Carry out.Kind of a Root yield character is determined when November harvests.
Processing 1：Waterflooding once, is kept for 1 week before site preparation；
Processing 2：Waterflooding twice, is kept for 1 week every time before site preparation, per minor tick two weeks；
Processing 3：Not waterflooding.
Experimental result
Influence of the water-logging processing to monkshood yield is shown in Table 1 before site preparation.As known from Table 1, (waterflooding two before site preparation of processing 2
It is secondary, every time keep 1 week, often minor tick two weeks) yield highest (cell production 22.4kg, per mu yield 740.0kg), be secondly
Processing 1 (waterflooding once, is kept for 1 week before site preparation), minimum (cell production is only 18.3kg, per mu yield to the yield of 3 (not waterflooding) of processing
Measure 610kg).
Influence of the waterflooding to monkshood yield before the site preparation of table 1
| Processing | Cell production (kg) | Per mu yield (kg) |
| 1 | 22.2 | 740.0 |
| 2 | 22.4 | 746.7 |
| 3 | 18.3 | 610.0 |
Variance analysis of the submerging treatment to monkshood yield effect is shown in Table 2 before site preparation.From table 2 it can be seen that waterflooding before site preparation
Handle the influence to monkshood cell production and reach the pole level of signifiance (F=1431.697, P=0 ＜ 0.01).
The variance analysis that waterflooding influences on monkshood cell production before the site preparation of table 2
| Source of variation | Quadratic sum | The free degree | It is square | F values | P value |
| Between district's groups | 0.109 | 2 | 0.054 | 4.900 | 0.084 |
| Between processing | 31.816 | 2 | 15.908 | 1431.697 | 0.000 |
| Error | 0.044 | 4 | 0.011 | / | / |
| Total variation | 31.969 | 8 | / | / | / |
Water-logging is shown in Table 3 to the result of multiple comparisons of monkshood yield effect before site preparation.From table 3 it can be seen that processing 2
The cell production highest of (waterflooding twice, is kept for 1 week every time before site preparation, per minor tick two weeks), slightly above handles 1, extremely significantly
Higher than 3 (not waterflooding) of processing.
The Multiple range test that waterflooding influences on monkshood cell production before the site preparation of table 3
Influence of the water-logging processing to monkshood disease is shown in Table 4 before site preparation.As known from Table 4, (waterflooding two before site preparation of processing 2
Secondary, kept for 1 week every time, per minor tick two weeks) diseased plant rate it is minimum (8.84%), secondly (waterflooding one before site preparation to handle 1
It is secondary, kept for 1 week), handle the diseased plant rate highest (25.07%) of 3 (not waterflooding).
Influence of the waterflooding to monkshood disease before the site preparation of table 4
| Processing | Diseased plant rate (%) |
| 1 | 8.93 |
| 2 | 8.84 |
| 3 | 25.07 |
Variance analysis of the submerging treatment to monkshood harm influence is shown in Table 5 before site preparation.As can be seen from Table 5, waterflooding before site preparation
Handle the influence to monkshood disease and reach the pole level of signifiance.
The variance analysis that waterflooding influences on monkshood cell production before the site preparation of table 5
| Source of variation | Quadratic sum | The free degree | It is square | F values | P value |
| Between district's groups | 0.001 | 2 | 0.000 | 0.336 | 0.733 |
| Between processing | 322.031 | 2 | 161.016 | 182519.54 | 0 |
| Error | 0.004 | 4 | 0.001 | / | / |
| Total variation | 322.035 | 8 | / | / | / |
Water-logging is shown in Table 6 to the result of multiple comparisons of monkshood harm influence before site preparation.As can be seen from Table 6,3 are handled
The diseased plant rate highest of (not waterflooding), pole is significantly higher than other two submerging treatments, and (waterflooding twice, is kept every time before site preparation for processing 2
1 week, per minor tick two weeks) diseased plant rate it is minimum, but and processing 1 (waterflooding once, is kept for 1 week before site preparation) difference it is not notable.
Multiple range test of the waterflooding to monkshood harm influence before the site preparation of table 6
| Processing | Diseased plant rate (%) | 5% level of signifiance | The 1% pole level of signifiance |
| 3 | 25.07 | a | A |
| 1 | 8.93 | b | B |
| 2 | 8.84 | b | B |
Test and learn more than, monkshood water-logging can kill some subterranean pest-insects, the harm of disease pest is reduced, so as to increase
Monkshood yield, suitable submerging treatment method is monkshood plantation first 1~2 month (after crop rotation rice harves), eliminates ground weeds,
Whole field waterflooding 1~2 time, keeps continuously submerging 1 week or so, each waterflooding interval two weeks every time.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to described herein
Form, is not to be taken as the exclusion to other embodiment, and available for various other combinations, modification and environment, and can be at this
In the text contemplated scope, it is modified by the technology or knowledge of above-mentioned teaching or association area.And those skilled in the art are entered
Capable change and change does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, then all should appended claims of the present invention protection domain
It is interior.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of reduction pest and disease damage endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, plantation pre-treatment, including following sub-step：
S11, selection of land：Select height above sea level at 450~600 meters, physical features faces south, well-drained cultivated land；
S12, site preparation：First 1~2 month of plantation, cuts weeds, and keeps whole field waterflooding state 6~8 days, draining, repeatedly waterflooding, draining 2
~3 times, finally discharge water and dry；First 10~20 days of plantation, uses sufficient base fertilizer, ploughs deeply 30~40cm thick soil stratums；
S13, open railway carriage or compartment：Lead steps on furrow before plantation, opens railway carriage or compartment；
S2, plantation processing, including following sub-step：
S21, seed selection：Growth selection is healthy and strong, be of moderate size, homogeneous kind root makees sowing material；
S22, plantation：With 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of 3~8min of immersion kind before plantation；Duplicate rows is wrong on whole good railway carriage or compartment
Nest is planted, 22~26cm of line-spacing, and nest is away from 12~15cm, and the deep 13~15cm of nest plants a kind root per nest, bud head upwards, is stumbled towards ditch
The heart；Planting more during plantation by the slightly smaller kind of root the gap in the ranks 10~15% kind root, be used with filling the gaps with seedlings；Ditch earthing 5 is managed after cultivation
~10cm, adult fish antiform, and spray the herbicide of high-efficiency low-toxicity immediately to reduce crop smothering harm；
S23, crop rotation：Using paddy rice or corn as wheel crop, the period of crop-rotation is 2~3 years；
S24, interplanting：According to planting vegetable and harvest time, selection is after plantation monkshood, on the railway carriage or compartment face of ditch both sides, with spacing in the rows
65~75cm, wrong nest plantation, and plant two row vegetables every a ditch；
S3, field management, including following sub-step：
S31, an animal-drawn seed plough railway carriage or compartment, ditch cleaning, fill the gaps with seedlings：Before coming up, an animal-drawn seed plough railway carriage or compartment processing, ditch cleaning processing are carried out；After seedling is all unearthed, pull out
Except diseased plant and its surrounding soil and the seedling burnt in spite of illness, with standby seedling balled transplanting, polishing is short of seedling；
S32, weeding：Irregularly carry out artificial weeding；
S33, spraying fertilizer：First time fertilising is carried out to seedling during early spring；Before and after the Beginning of summer, according to seedling growth situation, seedling is entered
Second of fertilising of row；
S34, row irrigation：, to before the first tenday period of a month in May, such as occurring every 15 days irrigation waters one when spring drought or antecedent soil moisture after coming up
It is secondary, often keep soil profit leaching；Heat should stop irrigating after June, and note discharging ponding；
S35, root relief, which are stayed, stumbles：Before and after Clear and Bright, carry out first time root relief and stay processing of stumbling；After one month, carry out second of root relief and stay
Stumble processing；
S36, go push up bud picking：In the high 35~45cm of plant, terminal bud is removed when retaining 7~10, blade, and extract in time top with
Under whole axillary buds；
S4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Integrated control is carried out using cultural control and chemical prevention；
S5, harvesting：Harvest, harvested in one week after the Summer Solstice.
2. a kind of reduction pest and disease damage according to claim 1 endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield, its feature exists
In, applied fertilizer to the subsoil described in step S12 for：Apply 1500~3000kg of decomposed dung every mu of monkshood, it is 100~150kg of oil cake, multiple
30~50kg of Hefei, 50~100kg of phosphate fertilizer.
3. a kind of reduction pest and disease damage according to claim 1 or 2 endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield, its feature
It is, is opened in step S13 behind railway carriage or compartment per the wide 65~75cm in railway carriage or compartment, the cm of furrow width 15~25,18~22cm of ditch depth.
4. a kind of reduction pest and disease damage according to any one of claims 1 to 3 endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield,
Characterized in that, fertilising applies oil cake 70~80kg, instant 35~45kg of composite fertilizer for every mu for the first time described in step S33,
Gap between the strain on the face of railway carriage or compartment in the middle of two rows is imposed on after mixing, and 1500~2000kg/ mus of cleaning up excrement water is poured on nest side.
5. a kind of reduction pest and disease damage according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield,
Characterized in that, second of fertilising pours 1000~2000kg/ mus of people and animals' liquid dung on nest side described in step S33.
6. a kind of reduction pest and disease damage according to any one of Claims 1 to 5 endangers and improves the cultural method of monkshood yield,
Characterized in that, root relief described in step S35 is stayed and stumbled specially：First time root relief, which is stayed, stumbles processing before and after Clear and Bright, and height of seedling 16~
During 20cm, horizontal 3~4 pin leaves for plucking most base portion on plant push the soil near plant aside with monkshood shovel or bamboo chip, reveal mother
The small monkshood of root tuber and surrounding knot, the small monkshood on stem foot and its eye are all extractd, only retain 1~2 big small monkshood,
The plant root for having repaiied the soil training around next plant of root in previous strain after one plant has been repaiied, has been carried out successively；Repair for the second time
Root, which is stayed, stumbled before and after the Beginning of summer, and method is identical with first time, mainly pared off small monkshood newborn on stem foot；After each root relief, furrow
Ditch will be cleaned out, and furrow face keeps turtleback shape, with sharp draining.
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