CN104705066A - Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method capable of reducing plant pest and disease damage and increasing survival rate and yield - Google Patents
Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method capable of reducing plant pest and disease damage and increasing survival rate and yield Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ligusticum wallichii cultivation method capable of reducing plant pest and disease damage and increasing survival rate and yield. The method comprises the following steps: sequentially performing rice seedling planting and rice harvesting, regular soil preparation, poria seed planting, field management and ligusticum wallichii harvesting within a planting period; specifically, in the regular soil preparation, performing immersed soaking treatment on farmland with rice harvested, soaking and draining accumulated water out of the field, ploughing, then finely raking, flattening surface soil, ditching and excavating shallow trenches; in the poria seed planting step, performing cuttage on poria seeds at the bottom of the shallow trenches, and immediately covering with straws along the shallow trenches after cuttage; and in the field management step, supplementing seedlings, weeding, draining water, applying fertilizer and performing pest and disease prevention. According to the ligusticum wallichii cultivation method, the block stem rotten sickness and grub damage of the ligusticum wallichii can be effectively reduced, the physiological seedling death and withering are effectively prevented, the purpose of returning straws to the field can be achieved, the root development of the ligusticum wallichii can be promoted, the field weeds can be reduced, and the yield of the ligusticum wallichi can be effectively increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal material plantation, more particularly, relate to a kind of damage by disease and insect that can reduce and endanger and the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method improving survival rate and output.
Background technology
Ligusticum wallichii is the dry rhizome of samphire Ligusticum wallichii, universal umbel, winglike compound leaf, is herbaceos perennial.Ligusticum wallichii begins to be loaded in Shennong's Herbal, is one of Sichuan genunie medicinal materials.Summer, when the remarkable projection of joint dish on stem and purplish time gather, removing silt, shine after a heatable brick bed do, then remove fibrous root and get final product; Pungent, the micro-hardship of its taste, warm in nature, master returns liver, courage, pericardium channel, there is effect of blood-activating and qi-promoting, wind-expelling pain-stopping, be the choice drug for the treatment of headache, be clinically mainly used in irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhoea, the stasis of blood in postpartum stagnant raw meat pain, abdominal mass lump, pain in chest and hypochondrium, headache are dizzy through closing, wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, traumatic injury, ulcer sores etc.Along with contemporary medical science gos deep into gradually to the research that Ligusticum wallichii is applied, its purposes is more and more wider, and demand is also increasing.
But traditional Ligusticum wallichii planting type easily causes the problems such as Block stem rotten sickness morbidity and grub harm; And, after the cuttage of Siberian cocklebur kind, often because moisture loss, direct sunlight, rainwater shower cause the situations such as the dead seedling of physiological, withered seedling, not only cause that the scarce nest rate of Ligusticum wallichii cultivated species is bigger than normal, output fluctuation large, and the income at plantation family and medicinal material relation between supply and demand also can not get ensureing.
Therefore, actual production is needed a kind of damage by disease and insect that can reduce badly endanger and the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method improving survival rate and output.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, what the object of the invention is in solving the problems of the technologies described above is one or more.
A kind of Ligusticum wallichii output that effectively can improve in Ligusticum wallichii producing region is the object of the present invention is to provide also to ensure the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of planting family income and medicinal material relation between supply and demand.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of damage by disease and insect that reduces to endanger and the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method improving survival rate and output, described Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method be included in the rice cultivation that carries out successively in a cultivation period and paddy rice harvesting, specification wholely, the plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind, field management and Ligusticum wallichii gather, wherein
In the step on the whole ground of specification, the land for growing field crops after paddy rice harvesting is carried out to the immersion immersion treatment of 3 ~ 5 days, discharge Tanaka's ponding and also turn over after immersion, rake is thin afterwards, leveling table is native and trench digging is done railway carriage or compartment, dug shallow ridges;
In the step of Siberian cocklebur kind plantation, by the cuttage of Siberian cocklebur kind at shallow ridges bottom of trench, and immediately along shallow ridges mulching straw after cuttage;
In the step of field management, comprise fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding, row irrigation, fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Reduction damage by disease and insect according to the present invention endangers and improves an embodiment of the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, and described rice cultivation is mid or late May carries out then, and described paddy rice harvesting is early or mid August carries out then; The plantation of described Siberian cocklebur kind is mid or late August carries out then, and described Ligusticum wallichii is gathered and to be carried out in early or mid May in the coming year; A described cultivation period is the time period of early or mid May in mid or late May to the coming year then.
Reduction damage by disease and insect according to the present invention endangers and improves an embodiment of the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, the selection of land step that described Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method carries out before being also included in cultivation; In the step of described selection of land, selection physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, it is organic to be rich in and well-drained loam or sandy loam plot.
Reduction damage by disease and insect according to the present invention endangers and improves an embodiment of the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, and in the step on the whole ground of described specification, ploughing depth is 15 ~ 25cm; Railway carriage or compartment is wide is 1.4 ~ 1.8m, and railway carriage or compartment ditch depth is 15 ~ 20cm, and railway carriage or compartment furrow width is 20 ~ 25cm; Shallow ridges ditch depth on railway carriage or compartment is 2 ~ 3cm, and shallow ridges line-spacing is 28 ~ 32cm.
Reduction damage by disease and insect according to the present invention endangers and improves an embodiment of the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, in the step of described Siberian cocklebur kind plantation, select high-quality positive mountain system Siberian cocklebur, after being cut into the Siberian cocklebur kind of upper end flat mouth, lower end angle, by Siberian cocklebur kind eye upwards cuttage to bury and envoy's dish contacts with native; Control plantation density is 8000 ~ 10000 plants/acre, spacing in the rows is 20cm, and rice straw mulching width is 6 ~ 9cm, cladding thickness is 2 ~ 4cm.
Reduction damage by disease and insect according to the present invention endangers and improves an embodiment of the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, in described step of filling the gaps with seedlings, select emerge 12 ~ 18 days time and mid or late September carries out filling the gaps with seedlings for twice then, be with when getting seedling soil get Miao Bing fill the gaps with seedlings after blinding water; In the step of described weeding, according to the growing state of weeds in field, arrange 4 ~ 5 weedings; In the step of described row irrigation, carrying out in time taking precautions against drought processes with draining flooded fields.
Reduction damage by disease and insect according to the present invention endangers and improves an embodiment of the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, in the step of described fertilising, comprises process of topdressing for four times:
First time topdresses: early September carries out then, and fertilizer is the clear liquid dung through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and consumption is 28 ~ 32 loads/mu, and punching is converted evenly and watered root;
Second time is topdressed: carrying out for 8 ~ 12 days after topdressing in first time, and fertilizer is oil cake, and consumption is 90 ~ 110kg/ mu; For the plot that fertility is poor, enrich N-P
2o
5-K
2the quality proportioning of O is the composite fertilizer of 14 ~ 16:14 ~ 16:14 ~ 16, and consumption is 22 ~ 28kg/ mu; During fertilising, described oil cake and/or composite fertilizer are evenly sprinkling upon around rhizome;
Third time topdresses: in late October carries out then, fertilizer is the clear liquid dung through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and consumption is 28 ~ 32 loads/mu, and punching is converted evenly and watered root;
Topdress for 4th time: in next year mid or late March carry out, fertilizer is the clear liquid dung through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and consumption is 28 ~ 32 loads/mu, and punching is converted evenly and watered root;
Wherein, described clear liquid dung be the ratio being 1: 3 according to the volume ratio of excrement and water rush convert rear formulated.
Reduction damage by disease and insect according to the present invention endangers and improves an embodiment of the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, in the step of the described extermination of disease and insect pest, comprises Block stem rotten sickness control, controlling powdery mildew, the control of stipes moth and grub control:
Block stem rotten sickness is prevented and treated: 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid adopting the kasumin containing kasugarnycin, and consumption is 100 ~ 170 milliliters/mu, carries out the process of filling nest; Or adopt 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid that the Pola containing Polyoxin is pacified, consumption is 100 ~ 140 milliliters/mu, carries out the process of filling nest;
Controlling powdery mildew: employing mass concentration is that 1200 ~ 1500 times of liquid of the triadimefon of 24 ~ 26% spray, and consumption is 55 ~ 65kg/ mu; Or adopt mass concentration be 4 ~ 6% tpn pulvis spray, consumption is that every mu of 0.4 ~ 0.6kg is watered 60kg; Within every 8 ~ 12 days, spray 1 time, process 2 ~ 3 times continuously;
Stipes moth prevents and treats: every mu of use 25 ~ 35g kills Soviet Union and is watered 45 ~ 55kg and sprays; Or every mu of use 80 ~ 100ml sprays containing 1000 ~ 2000 times of liquid of the furadan of Avermectin; Or endure water with kuh-seng 4 ~ 6kg for every mu to be condensed into 35 ~ 45kg liquid and to spray;
Grub control: every mu being watered 50kg with killing Soviet Union 25 ~ 35g, carrying out the process of filling nest; Or endure water with kuh-seng 4 ~ 6kg for every mu and be condensed into 35 ~ 45kg liquid, carry out the process of filling nest.
Reduction damage by disease and insect according to the present invention endangers and improves an embodiment of the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, in the step that described Ligusticum wallichii is gathered, after taking out terrestrial stem seedling, dig out Rhizome of Ligusticum Sinense Oliv. Cv. Chuanxiong and airing 3 ~ 4 hours on the spot, remove Rhizome of Ligusticum Sinense Oliv. Cv. Chuanxiong surface earth and part fibrous root again, obtain Ligusticum wallichii.
Reduction damage by disease and insect according to the present invention endangers and improves an embodiment of the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, the straw used in described Siberian cocklebur kind plantation step for paddy rice harvesting step after dry the straw obtained.
The present invention on the basis of original conventional Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method, add the crop rotation of Ligusticum wallichii paddy rice, specification wholely, the operation such as rice straw mulching after plantation, implement simple and easy to operate, be easy to grasp and easy to utilize, low input and high repayment.The present invention effectively can reduce the morbidity of Ligusticum wallichii Block stem rotten sickness and grub harm; And effectively can prevent the dead seedling of physiological, the withered seedling because moisture loss, direct sunlight, rainwater shower cause; The effect of straw-returning can be reached simultaneously, while stopping the atmospheric pollution that crop straw burning causes, realize getting fat volume increase, increase the object of the soil organic matter and improvement soil structure, not only make loosing soil, porosity increase and capacity alleviate, and the growth of microbial activity and Ligusticum wallichii root system can be promoted, be conducive to alleviating field crop smothering, improving output.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, in conjunction with exemplary embodiment reduction damage by disease and insect of the present invention will to be endangered and the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method improving survival rate and output is described in detail.
Easily there is the problem of Block stem rotten sickness morbidity and grub harm due to traditional Ligusticum wallichii planting type and there will be because of moisture loss after the cuttage of Siberian cocklebur kind, direct sunlight, the dead seedling of the physiological that rainwater shower causes, withered seedling etc., and this will cause the scarce nest rate of Ligusticum wallichii cultivated species bigger than normal, output fluctuation is large and plantation family income and medicinal material relation between supply and demand can not get guarantee, so the present invention produces at original conventional Ligusticum wallichii, the basis of plantation add as taked the crop rotation of Ligusticum wallichii paddy rice, specification wholely, the operations such as the rear rice straw mulching of plantation, and then provide a kind of damage by disease and insect that can reduce and endanger and the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method improving survival rate and output.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, described reduction damage by disease and insect endanger and the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method improving survival rate and output be included in the rice cultivation that carries out successively in a cultivation period and paddy rice harvesting, specification wholely, the plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind, field management and Ligusticum wallichii gather.
Particularly, the cropping pattern of what first the present invention adopted is paddy rice and Ligusticum wallichii crop rotation, adopts such cropping pattern can reach following effect and object:
1) for the rice straw mulching step in subsequent step needed for the plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind provides straw;
2) alternately changed by soil dry-wet, significantly alleviate the generation of the insect such as grub, cutworm and soil-borne disease, suppress nematode active simultaneously, thus reduce Ligusticum wallichii damage by disease and insect;
3) the actual mode for rice field-upland field rotation of the cropping pattern of paddy rice and Ligusticum wallichii crop rotation.Wherein, dry farming process impels the formation of soil aggregate and the increase in non-capillary pipe space, the raising of redox potential, can also eliminate water and plough secondary gleyization in process, the physical behavior of soil be improved, is conducive to growing of crop; And plough in process at the water of paddy rice, because soil reduction process bacterium occupies advantage, therefore the soil organic matter can carry out the decomposition of suspicion gas, increases the accumulation of the soil organic matter and promotes that humus is formed;
4) mode of rice field-upland field rotation effectively can also suppress the amount of growth of weeds in field, the amount of lightening one's labor, and promotes Ligusticum wallichii growth.
A cultivation period of the present invention refer to from rice cultivation to terminating Ligusticum wallichii time period of gathering.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the Ligusticum wallichii kind used can be No. 1, the fresh green rhizome of chuanxiong (commercially available) of Sichuan Province's Ligusticum wallichii Local variety and Sichuan New-green Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd.'s seed selection, and selected rice varieties can be the paddy rice of about 120 days for growth cycle.Correspondingly, can early or mid April carry out raising rice seedlings then, rice cultivation can mid or late May carries out then, and paddy rice harvesting is then early or mid August carries out then; The plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind can mid or late August carries out then, and Ligusticum wallichii is gathered, and carries out in early or mid May in the coming year; Now, cultivation period is then the time period of early or mid May in mid or late May to the coming year then.But the present invention does not specifically limit the kind of Ligusticum wallichii and paddy rice, also specifically do not limit the beginning and ending time of a cultivation period, those skilled in the art can specifically select as required.
Preferably, the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of the present invention selection of land step of carrying out before being also included in cultivation.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in the step of selection of land, should select that physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, be rich in organic and well-drained loam or sandy loam plot, and the hillside fields that the gradient is excessive, soil layer is barren, water conservation is difficult should not be selected.
After paddy rice harvesting, then need to carry out specification and be beneficial to carry out Ligusticum wallichii plantation wholely.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in the step on the whole ground of specification, the land for growing field crops after paddy rice harvesting is carried out to the immersion immersion treatment of 3 ~ 5 days, discharge Tanaka's ponding and also turn over after immersion, rake is thin afterwards, leveling table is native and trench digging is done railway carriage or compartment, dug shallow ridges.
Wherein, trench digging refers to as railway carriage or compartment and digs multiple plot of being separated by railway carriage or compartment ditch, i.e. railway carriage or compartment; Dig shallow ridges refer to horizontal on the railway carriage or compartment dug or longitudinally mark many shallow ridges.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, ploughing depth is 15 ~ 25cm, to reach whole thin loose object; Railway carriage or compartment is wide is 1.4 ~ 1.8m, and railway carriage or compartment ditch depth is 15 ~ 20cm, and railway carriage or compartment furrow width is 20 ~ 25cm, and plot surrounding ditch depth is 20 ~ 25cm, the object of distribute with implementation rule plot and growing area; Shallow ridges ditch depth on railway carriage or compartment is 2 ~ 3cm, and shallow ridges line-spacing is 28 ~ 32cm.Because the shallow ridges on railway carriage or compartment is for planting Siberian cocklebur kind, then there is the size of the neighborhood outside of a city gate and shallow ridges to arrange more than and spacing between the Ligusticum wallichii of plantation can be made suitable and be beneficial to growth.
Particularly, Ligusticum wallichii plantation advance professional etiquette model whole mainly contain effect and the object of following several respects: 1) control Ligusticum wallichii planting density, field plant is evenly distributed, soil fertility and sunlight can be made full use of, ensure the ventilation in the ranks of Later growth simultaneously, reduce the incidence such as downy mildew, gray mold; And by rational close planting, effective plant number of guarantor unit's area, impels growth that is individual and population to coordinate, thus improves Ligusticum wallichii output; 2) ensureing the demand of Ligusticum wallichii growth to moisture, by controlling the width in face, railway carriage or compartment, ensureing the availability in soil on the one hand, make the moisture situation of face, railway carriage or compartment middle section can be controlled by emptying railway carriage or compartment ditch or pour water on the other hand; 3) object of deep-cutting plot gutter is can efficient emptying railway carriage or compartment ditch; 4) whole ground can realize the object of distribution plot and growing area simultaneously, facilitates later stage field management simultaneously; 5) railway carriage or compartment is made shallow ridges and be convenient on the one hand fully contacting of Siberian cocklebur kind joint dish and ground, be convenient to mulching straw on the other hand and do reference by location and also can slightly fix the straw covered.
And the object that land for growing field crops is soaked mainly in order to: infiltrate and soften soil, being convenient to turn over; The insects such as the locust in drowned paddy field; Excess salt in wash-out soil, avoids the salinization of soil; Improve soil moisture content, after avoiding the cuttage of Ligusticum wallichii Siberian cocklebur kind, dehydration is dead.
After the whole ground of rule, carry out the plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind in mid or late August.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in the step of Siberian cocklebur kind plantation, by the cuttage of Siberian cocklebur kind at shallow ridges bottom of trench, and immediately along shallow ridges mulching straw after cuttage.Mulching straw is the dead seedling of physiological, withered seedling in order to effectively prevent because moisture loss, direct sunlight, rainwater shower cause; Reach the object of straw-returning simultaneously, realize getting fat volume increase, increase the soil organic matter, the effect of improvement soil structure, can also make that loosing soil, porosity increase, capacity alleviates and promote the growth of microorganism and Ligusticum wallichii root system, and then alleviating field crop smothering.Preferably, in Siberian cocklebur kind plantation step the straw that uses for paddy rice harvesting after dry the straw obtained, namely can use after straw dryness in the sun after paddy rice harvesting.
Particularly, high-quality positive mountain system Siberian cocklebur can be selected, after being cut into the Siberian cocklebur kind of upper end flat mouth, lower end angle, by Siberian cocklebur kind eye upwards cuttage to bury and envoy's dish contacts with native.According to one embodiment of present invention, control plantation density is 8000 ~ 10000 plants/acre, spacing in the rows is 20cm, and rice straw mulching width is 6 ~ 9cm, cladding thickness is 2 ~ 4cm.Being provided with of above-mentioned parameter is beneficial to emerging and growing of Siberian cocklebur kind, is also conducive to the growth of Ligusticum wallichii root system.
After the plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind and before Ligusticum wallichii is gathered, need to carry out comprising fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding, row irrigation, fertilising and multiple curing step such as damage by disease and insect is anti-field management step, field management step of the present invention can include but not limited to above-mentioned multiple step.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in the step of filling the gaps with seedlings, select emerge 12 ~ 18 days time and mid or late September carries out filling the gaps with seedlings for twice then, when getting seedling band soil get Miao Bing fill the gaps with seedlings after blinding water, be beneficial to normal root and growth; In the step of weeding, need the growing state according to weeds in field, arrange 4 ~ 5 weedings; In the step of row irrigation, needing to carry out in time to take precautions against drought processes with draining flooded fields, and as poured water in time during drouth, pours water and is generally flood irrigation and occurs long-time half congealed water problem after will noting preventing flood irrigation while flood irrigation; As noted checking when raining heavyly, keep draining good and avoid the half congealed water of soil.
In the step of fertilising, process of topdressing for four times can be comprised, and Ligusticum wallichii cultivation can without the need to basal dressing.
Particularly, first time topdresses can early September carries out then, and fertilizer is the clear liquid dung through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and consumption is 28 ~ 32 loads/mu, and punching is converted evenly and watered root.
Second time topdress can in first time topdress after within 8 ~ 12 days, carrying out, fertilizer is oil cake, and consumption is 90 ~ 110kg/ mu, for the plot that fertility is poor, can enrich N-P
2o
5-K
2the quality proportioning of O is the composite fertilizer of 14 ~ 16:14 ~ 16:14 ~ 16, and consumption is 22 ~ 28kg/ mu.During fertilising, oil cake and/or composite fertilizer are evenly sprinkling upon around rhizome.
Third time topdresses can in late October carries out then, and fertilizer is the clear liquid dung through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and consumption is 28 ~ 32 loads/mu, and punching is converted evenly and watered root.
Topdress for 4th time and can carry out in next year mid or late March, fertilizer is the clear liquid dung through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and consumption is 28 ~ 32 loads/mu, and punching is converted evenly and watered root.
Wherein, above-mentioned clear liquid dung can rush for the ratio being 1: 3 according to the volume ratio of excrement and water convert rear formulated.
In the step of the extermination of disease and insect pest, can comprise Block stem rotten sickness control, controlling powdery mildew, the control of stipes moth and grub control, pest control procedures of the present invention can include but not limited to above-mentioned multiple control.And preferably, corresponding preventing and controlling can be carried out at the initial stage of a disease.
Particularly, Block stem rotten sickness control can adopt 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid of the kasumin containing kasugarnycin, and consumption is 100 ~ 170 milliliters/mu, carries out the process of filling nest; Or can adopt 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid that the Pola containing Polyoxin is pacified, consumption is 100 ~ 140 milliliters/mu, carries out the process of filling nest.
Controlling powdery mildew can adopt mass concentration to be that 1200 ~ 1500 times of liquid of the triadimefon of 24 ~ 26% spray, and consumption is 55 ~ 65kg/ mu; Or can adopt mass concentration be 4 ~ 6% tpn pulvis spray, consumption is that every mu of 0.4 ~ 0.6kg is watered 60kg; Within every 8 ~ 12 days, spray 1 time, process 2 ~ 3 times continuously.
The control of stipes moth can every mu adopt 25 ~ 35g to kill Soviet Union to be watered 45 ~ 55kg and to spray; Or every mu of use 80 ~ 100ml sprays containing 1000 ~ 2000 times of liquid of the furadan of Avermectin; Or endure water with kuh-seng 4 ~ 6kg for every mu to be condensed into 35 ~ 45kg liquid and to spray.
Grub control can every mu be watered 50kg with killing Soviet Union 25 ~ 35g, carry out the process of filling nest; Or endure water with kuh-seng 4 ~ 6kg for every mu and be condensed into 35 ~ 45kg liquid, carry out the process of filling nest.
Wherein, above-mentioned kasumin, Pola peace, triadimefon, tpn, kill Soviet Union, furadan etc. and be commercially available relevant agricultural chemicals.
After the field management comprising above-mentioned multiple step, the remarkable projection of joint dish on Ligusticum wallichii stem and purplish time carry out Ligusticum wallichii and gather.In the step that Ligusticum wallichii is gathered, after taking out terrestrial stem seedling, dig out Rhizome of Ligusticum Sinense Oliv. Cv. Chuanxiong and airing 3 ~ 4 hours on the spot, then remove Rhizome of Ligusticum Sinense Oliv. Cv. Chuanxiong surface earth and part fibrous root, obtain Ligusticum wallichii.
Further illustrate reduction damage by disease and insect of the present invention below in conjunction with concrete example to endanger and the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method improving survival rate and output.
example 1:
Experiment address: Ligusticum wallichii planting base, Xing Quan village, Ao Ping town, Pengzhou City;
Experiment area: 1.0 mu;
Be divided into two groups to carry out check experiment, concrete operations are as follows:
Experimental group:
(1) crop rotation: the production model taking Ligusticum wallichii and paddy rice crop rotation, the Ligusticum wallichii kind used is common Local variety, the rice seed used for growth cycle be the paddy rice of about 120 days.
Production cycle is: Ligusticum wallichii is in late August plantation then, and mid-May next year gathers; Paddy rice is transplanted in early April seedling then, late May and gathers in early August.
After paddy rice harvesting, by land for growing field crops immersion treatment 4d, soaking depth is that water did not have furrow face 4cm.Venting Tanaka ponding after soaking, harvested straw dries for subsequent use.Ploughing depth is 20cm, and rake is thin afterwards, leveling table is native and trench digging is done railway carriage or compartment, dug shallow ridges.Wherein, the wide 1.6m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth is 18cm, and railway carriage or compartment furrow width is 23cm, and plot surrounding ditch depth is 24cm.Shallow ridges is laterally marked in whole good railway carriage or compartment, and shallow ridges ditch depth is 2cm, and shallow ridges line-spacing is 30cm.
(2) Siberian cocklebur kind plantation: carry out the plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind in mid or late August, plantation density is 9000 plants/acre, and the shallow ridges bottom of trench of cuttage behind whole ground, spacing in the rows is 20cm.Select high-quality positive mountain system Siberian cocklebur, be cut into the Siberian cocklebur kind of upper end flat mouth, lower end angle, during by Siberian cocklebur kind eye, upwards cuttage is buried and envoy's dish contact with native.After the cuttage of Siberian cocklebur kind, immediately along shallow ridges mulching straw, cover width is 8cm, and cladding thickness is 3cm.
Control group:
(1) crop rotation: after the first year, Ligusticum wallichii was gathered, does not carry out any crop plantation.
(2) Siberian cocklebur kind plantation: carry out the plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind in mid or late August, plantation density is 9000 plants/acre, and the shallow ridges bottom of trench of cuttage behind simple whole ground, spacing in the rows is 20cm.Select high-quality positive mountain system Siberian cocklebur, be cut into the Siberian cocklebur kind of upper end flat mouth, lower end angle, during by Siberian cocklebur kind eye, upwards cuttage is buried and envoy's dish contact with native.After the cuttage of Siberian cocklebur kind, do not do as process such as mulching straws.
Wherein, two groups selection of land, field management, gathering etc. all adopts identical conventional treatment method.
Experimental result:
Experimental group: emergence rate is 99.7%, the Block stem rotten sickness incidence of disease is 4.8%, and grub incidence is 0%, and survival rate is 95.1%, and per mu yield is 240kg;
Control group: emergence rate is 74.6%, the Block stem rotten sickness incidence of disease is 14.2%, and grub incidence is 26.2%, and survival rate is 54.9%, and per mu yield is 135kg.
example 2:
Experiment address: Ligusticum wallichii planting base, Xing Quan village, Ao Ping town, Pengzhou City;
Experiment area: 1.0 mu;
Be divided into two groups to carry out check experiment, concrete operations are as follows:
Experimental group:
(1) crop rotation: the production model taking Ligusticum wallichii and paddy rice crop rotation, the Ligusticum wallichii kind used is No. 1, fresh green rhizome of chuanxiong, the rice seed used for growth cycle be the paddy rice of about 116 days.
Production cycle is: Ligusticum wallichii is in late August plantation then, and mid-May next year gathers; Paddy rice is in early April seedling then, and late May transplants and gathers in early August.
After paddy rice harvesting, land for growing field crops immersion treatment 5d, soaking depth is that water did not have furrow face 3cm, and venting Tanaka ponding after soaking, harvested straw dries for subsequent use.Ploughing depth is 22cm, and rake is thin afterwards, leveling table is native and trench digging is done railway carriage or compartment, dug shallow ridges.Wherein, the wide 1.5m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth is 16cm, and railway carriage or compartment furrow width is 22cm, and plot surrounding ditch depth is 24cm.Shallow ridges is laterally marked in whole good railway carriage or compartment, and shallow ridges ditch depth is 2cm, and shallow ridges line-spacing is 31cm.
(2) Siberian cocklebur kind plantation: carry out the plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind in mid or late August, plantation density is 9500 plants/acre, and the shallow ridges bottom of trench of cuttage behind whole ground, spacing in the rows is 19cm.Select high-quality positive mountain system Siberian cocklebur, be cut into the Siberian cocklebur kind of upper end flat mouth, lower end angle, by Siberian cocklebur kind eye upwards cuttage to bury and envoy's dish contacts with native.After the cuttage of Siberian cocklebur kind, immediately along shallow ridges mulching straw, cover width is 7cm, and cladding thickness is 4cm.
Control group:
(1) crop rotation: after the first year, Ligusticum wallichii was gathered, does not carry out any crop plantation.
(2) Siberian cocklebur kind plantation: carry out the plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind in mid or late August, plantation density is 9500 plants/acre, the shallow ridges bottom of trench of cuttage behind simple whole ground, spacing in the rows 19cm.Select high-quality positive mountain system Siberian cocklebur, be cut into the Siberian cocklebur kind of upper end flat mouth, lower end angle, by Siberian cocklebur kind eye upwards cuttage to bury and envoy's dish contacts with native.After the cuttage of Siberian cocklebur kind, do not do as process such as mulching straws.
Wherein, two groups selection of land, field management, gathering etc. all adopts identical conventional treatment method.
Experimental result:
Experimental group: emergence rate is 100%, the Block stem rotten sickness incidence of disease is 4.6%, and grub incidence is 0%, and survival rate is 96.6%, and per mu yield is 255kg;
Control group: emergence rate is 81.2%, the Block stem rotten sickness incidence of disease is 16.6%, and grub incidence is 28.9%, and survival rate is 51.6%, and per mu yield is 130kg.
In sum, adopt implantation methods of the present invention effectively can improve the emergence rate of Ligusticum wallichii, reduce the harm of Block stem rotten sickness and grub, improve survival rate and final greatly raising Ligusticum wallichii output.
Although describe reduction damage by disease and insect of the present invention in conjunction with exemplary embodiment above to endanger and the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method improving survival rate and output, but those of ordinary skill in the art should be clear, when not departing from the spirit and scope of claim, various modifications and variations can be carried out to above-described embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is reduced damage by disease and insect and endangers and the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method improving survival rate and output, it is characterized in that, described Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method be included in the rice cultivation that carries out successively in a cultivation period and paddy rice harvesting, specification wholely, the plantation of Siberian cocklebur kind, field management and Ligusticum wallichii gather, wherein
In the step on the whole ground of specification, the land for growing field crops after paddy rice harvesting is carried out to the immersion immersion treatment of 3 ~ 5 days, discharge Tanaka's ponding and also turn over after immersion, rake is thin afterwards, leveling table is native and trench digging is done railway carriage or compartment, dug shallow ridges;
In the step of Siberian cocklebur kind plantation, by the cuttage of Siberian cocklebur kind at shallow ridges bottom of trench, and immediately along shallow ridges mulching straw after cuttage;
In the step of field management, comprise fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding, row irrigation, fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
2. reduction damage by disease and insect according to claim 1 endangers and improves the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, it is characterized in that, described rice cultivation is mid or late May carries out then, and described paddy rice harvesting is early or mid August carries out then; The plantation of described Siberian cocklebur kind is mid or late August carries out then, and described Ligusticum wallichii is gathered and to be carried out in early or mid May in the coming year; A described cultivation period is the time period of early or mid May in mid or late May to the coming year then.
3. reduction damage by disease and insect according to claim 1 endangers and improves the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, it is characterized in that, the selection of land step that described Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method carries out before being also included in cultivation; In the step of described selection of land, selection physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, it is organic to be rich in and well-drained loam or sandy loam plot.
4. reduction damage by disease and insect according to claim 1 endangers and improves the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, it is characterized in that, in the step on the whole ground of described specification, ploughing depth is 15 ~ 25cm; Railway carriage or compartment is wide is 1.4 ~ 1.8m, and railway carriage or compartment ditch depth is 15 ~ 20cm, and railway carriage or compartment furrow width is 20 ~ 25cm; Shallow ridges ditch depth on railway carriage or compartment is 2 ~ 3cm, and shallow ridges line-spacing is 28 ~ 32cm.
5. reduction damage by disease and insect according to claim 1 endangers and improves the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, it is characterized in that, in the step of described Siberian cocklebur kind plantation, select high-quality positive mountain system Siberian cocklebur, after being cut into the Siberian cocklebur kind of upper end flat mouth, lower end angle, by Siberian cocklebur kind eye upwards cuttage to bury and envoy's dish contacts with native; Control plantation density is 8000 ~ 10000 plants/acre, spacing in the rows is 20cm, and rice straw mulching width is 6 ~ 9cm, cladding thickness is 2 ~ 4cm.
6. reduction damage by disease and insect according to claim 1 endangers and improves the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, it is characterized in that, in described step of filling the gaps with seedlings, select emerge 12 ~ 18 days time and mid or late September carries out filling the gaps with seedlings for twice then, be with when getting seedling soil get Miao Bing fill the gaps with seedlings after blinding water; In the step of described weeding, according to the growing state of weeds in field, arrange 4 ~ 5 weedings; In the step of described row irrigation, carrying out in time taking precautions against drought processes with draining flooded fields.
7. reduction damage by disease and insect according to claim 1 endangers and improves the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, it is characterized in that, in the step of described fertilising, comprises process of topdressing for four times:
First time topdresses: early September carries out then, and fertilizer is the clear liquid dung through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and consumption is 28 ~ 32 loads/mu, and punching is converted evenly and watered root;
Second time is topdressed: carrying out for 8 ~ 12 days after topdressing in first time, and fertilizer is oil cake, and consumption is 90 ~ 110kg/ mu; For the plot that fertility is poor, enrich N-P
2o
5-K
2the quality proportioning of O is the composite fertilizer of 14 ~ 16:14 ~ 16:14 ~ 16, and consumption is 22 ~ 28kg/ mu; During fertilising, described oil cake and/or composite fertilizer are evenly sprinkling upon around rhizome;
Third time topdresses: in late October carries out then, fertilizer is the clear liquid dung through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and consumption is 28 ~ 32 loads/mu, and punching is converted evenly and watered root;
Topdress for 4th time: in next year mid or late March carry out, fertilizer is the clear liquid dung through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and consumption is 28 ~ 32 loads/mu, and punching is converted evenly and watered root;
Wherein, described clear liquid dung be the ratio being 1: 3 according to the volume ratio of excrement and water rush convert rear formulated.
8. reduction damage by disease and insect according to claim 1 endangers and improves the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, it is characterized in that, in the step of the described extermination of disease and insect pest, comprises Block stem rotten sickness control, controlling powdery mildew, the control of stipes moth and grub control:
Block stem rotten sickness is prevented and treated: 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid adopting the kasumin containing kasugarnycin, and consumption is 100 ~ 170 milliliters/mu, carries out the process of filling nest; Or adopt 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid that the Pola containing Polyoxin is pacified, consumption is 100 ~ 140 milliliters/mu, carries out the process of filling nest;
Controlling powdery mildew: employing mass concentration is that 1200 ~ 1500 times of liquid of the triadimefon of 24 ~ 26% spray, and consumption is 55 ~ 65kg/ mu; Or adopt mass concentration be 4 ~ 6% tpn pulvis spray, consumption is that every mu of 0.4 ~ 0.6kg is watered 60kg; Within every 8 ~ 12 days, spray 1 time, process 2 ~ 3 times continuously;
Stipes moth prevents and treats: every mu of use 25 ~ 35g kills Soviet Union and is watered 45 ~ 55kg and sprays; Or every mu of use 80 ~ 100ml sprays containing 1000 ~ 2000 times of liquid of the furadan of Avermectin; Or endure water with kuh-seng 4 ~ 6kg for every mu to be condensed into 35 ~ 45kg liquid and to spray;
Grub control: every mu being watered 50kg with killing Soviet Union 25 ~ 35g, carrying out the process of filling nest; Or endure water with kuh-seng 4 ~ 6kg for every mu and be condensed into 35 ~ 45kg liquid, carry out the process of filling nest.
9. reduction damage by disease and insect according to claim 1 endangers and improves the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, it is characterized in that, in the step that described Ligusticum wallichii is gathered, after taking out terrestrial stem seedling, dig out Rhizome of Ligusticum Sinense Oliv. Cv. Chuanxiong and airing 3 ~ 4 hours on the spot, remove Rhizome of Ligusticum Sinense Oliv. Cv. Chuanxiong surface earth and part fibrous root again, obtain Ligusticum wallichii.
10. reduction damage by disease and insect according to claim 1 endangers and improves the Ligusticum wallichii cultivation method of survival rate and output, it is characterized in that, the straw used in described Siberian cocklebur kind plantation step for paddy rice harvesting step after dry the straw obtained.
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