CN103621304B - Outcrop cultivation method for Chinese herbal medicine by using 50cm mulch film - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an outcrop cultivation method for a Chinese herbal medicine by using a 50cm mulch film, relating to the technical field of medicine cultivation. The method comprises the steps of carrying out outcrop cultivation on a seedling by using the 50cm mulch film during transplanting. The outcrop cultivation method is suitable for planting scutellaria baicalensis, astragalus and liquorice, remarkable in yield increasing effect and also capable of remarkably increasing the root length, root diameter and top-quality good rate and improving the commodity characteristic of the Chinese herbal medicine. According to the invention, natural resources such as light, heat, water, soil and the like are sufficiently utilized to ensure that the Chinese herbal medicine is vigorous in growth and further enhanced in cultivation of resilience and pest and disease resistance, so that the kinds and occurrence rate of pest and disease damages are correspondingly reduced, and the usage number and usage amount of pesticides are correspondingly reduced.

Description

A kind of 50cm mulch film of Chinese medicine is appeared cultural method

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of medicine cultivation, in particular a kind of 50cm mulch film of Chinese medicine is appeared cultural method.

Background technology

Longxi County is " township of the Chinese Radix Astragali ", to produce the medicinal material amounts of fine quality such as the Radix Astragali, the root of large-flowered skullcap, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis, radix bupleuri large, be one of important producing region of national genunie medicinal materials.For these years, continue to use the method that land for growing field crops trench digging is transplanted in Chinese medicine plantation always, time-consumingly to take a lot of work.In recent years, along with expanding economy, rural area a large amount of labour shift to city, surplus rural labor force except child be exactly old man, a large amount of soil is thrown something aside, and peasant only selects the Chinese medicine plantation that some implantation methods are simple, economic benefit is low, and this present situation has had a strong impact on diversification, the fast development of China's Chinese Medicine Industry, therefore, research and develop as early as possible and widely popularize time and labour saving, high financial profit Chinese medicine plantation new technology imperative.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for prior art deficiency of existing in plantation Chinese medicine, and the 50cm mulch film providing a kind of Chinese medicine is appeared cultural method.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

The 50cm mulch film of Chinese medicine is appeared a cultural method, comprises following content:

(1) selection of land wholely

Select soil layer is deep, physical features is smooth, the soil is porous, water-permeable and air permeable is good loessal soil, black mature soil or black numb black earth soil, P in soil H value is 7.5 ~ 8.2; Production of Large Fields also can be planted in well-drained river water ground, non-irrigated tableland or hillside fields; After preceding crop results in time wholely, nonirrigated farmland turns over twice, for the last time in the fall, and more than tilling depth 30cm; Applying base manure in conjunction with ploughing, executing farm manure 3500kg ~ 4000kg for every mu, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg ~ 25kg, the then thin leveling of rake; Plough spring and will note preserving soil moisture;

(2) transplanting time

Early spring, late March ~ early April soil was transplanted after thawing completely;

(3) seedling is selected

Seedling should select seedling age to reach 1 year, and the seedling of long more than the 20cm of root, root more than diameter 2mm is transplanted; Every mu of the consumption Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae are 150kg, root of large-flowered skullcap 45kg;

(4) transplant

1) mulch film is selected: fabric width 50 centimetres of white mulch films; 2) put seedling earthing: by line-spacing 50cm unwrapping wire, ground table soil is scalped 5cm with flat shovel, forms the flat ditch that 50cm is wide, by shovel soil and evenly lie in the right of ditch, by the both sides of kind of the symptom of a trend towards ditch, namely the symptom of a trend is outwardly, tail to tail, laid parallel, spacing in the rows 10cm, keep the symptom of a trend at the outer 1 ~ 2cm of institute's unwrapping wire, after occupying two rows, mamoty 5 ~ 8cm will be shown on the left of ditch, on the seedling that uniform fold is put in front row, by the symptom of a trend, seedling tail covers tight; 3) covering with plastic film: dig a dark 10cm in the direction vertical with flat ditch, the shallow ridges of long 50cm, imbeds mulch film one, press, mulch film both sides and hanging wire are neat mutually, tension mulch film, and Bian Labian soil, by the compacting of mulch film both sides, prevents wind from uncovering; By line-spacing 50cm thread-changing, behind grade, according to the symptom of a trend outwardly, tail puts the second ditch seedling to tail swing, and the rest may be inferred, completes Chinese medicine 50cm mulch film and to appear cultivation; The Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling every mu of consumption are 150kg, root of large-flowered skullcap 45kg;

(5) field management

1) topdress: animated period of nourishing and growing July ~ August, after selecting rainfall, mu executes urea 5kg ~ 10kg, topdresses 2 times ~ 3 times in growth period; 2) intertill and clean tillage: after seedling all sprouts, weeding is loosened the soil; Weeding, depending on careless feelings, is no less than 3 times;

(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

1) Radix Astragali powdery mildew: early stage sprays 20% triazolone missible oil, 1500 times of liquid, 75% Bravo wettable powder 120g/ mu or 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil 40ml/ mu, be watered 50kg-60kg spraying control, every 10d ~ 14d once, spray 2 times ~ 3 times, forbid medication apart from picking time in 40d; 2) aphid: May is for containing the phase of sending out, every mu is sprayed 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 3000 ~ 5000 times of liquid, 20% fenvalerate, 2000 times of liquid ~ 3000 times liquid, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 50% Aphox wettable powder 10g ~ 15g, every 10d ~ 14d once, spray 2 times ~ 3 times, forbid medication apart from picking time in 40d; 3) Radix Glycyrrhizae brown spot: with the 500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazim, spray 1 time every 7d ~ 10d, connect spray 2 times-3 times;

(7) excavate

1) time: late October ~ early November, before soil freezing;

2) collecting method: first prescind aerial part stem of withering when excavating climing, then from rand excavation 40cm ~ 50cm zanjon, patent medicine digs out by ecto-entad successively, saves root from damage as far as possible, is strictly on guard against that hindering skin is completely cured;

(8) preserve

Be stored in drying, ventilation, clean cool place place.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: one, Meteorological effect, the great advantage of covering with plastic film is exactly Meteorological effect, is beneficial to the raising of root yield; Two, excavate conveniently, save labour; Three, alleviate Weed infestation, after covering with ground sheeting, the ground of 80% is covered by mulch film, even if grow soil layer, due to the iris action of mulch film, weeds also cannot normal growth; Four, owing to taking full advantage of the natural resources such as light, heat, water, soil, Chinese medicine growth is vigorous, and anti-adversity ability, diseases and insect pests resistance strengthen further, therefore disease and pest species survey reduction corresponding to incidence, the minimizing corresponding to use amount of Pesticide use number of times; Five, this technology is very suitable for the plantation of the root of large-flowered skullcap, the Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, particularly Radix Glycyrrhizae, and compared with general planting technology, per mu yield can reach 475.02kg, mu volume increase 206.67kg, and rate of growth is 77%; On the Radix Astragali, the root of large-flowered skullcap, per mu yield is respectively 538.03kg, 360.68kg, mu volume increase be respectively 198.03kg, 74kg, rate of growth is respectively 58%, 25.8%, and effect of increasing production is quite remarkable; Six, this technology can significantly improve root length, root diameter and top-quality product rate, thus improves the commodity property of medicinal material.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.

Embodiment

Embodiment 2013, the Radix Astragali respectively in Shou Yang town, the root of large-flowered skullcap, Radix Glycyrrhizae have carried out 50cm mulch film appear experiment in cultivation demonstration, its concrete steps are:

(1) selection of land wholely

Select soil layer is deep, physical features is smooth, the soil is porous, water-permeable and air permeable is good loessal soil, black mature soil or black numb black earth soil, P in soil H value is 7.5 ~ 8.2; After preceding crop results in time wholely, nonirrigated farmland turns over twice, for the last time in the fall, and more than tilling depth 30cm; Applying base manure in conjunction with ploughing, executing farm manure 3500kg ~ 4000kg for every mu, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg ~ 25kg, the then thin leveling of rake; Plough spring and will note preserving soil moisture;

(2) transplanting time

Early spring, late March ~ early April soil was transplanted after thawing completely;

(3) seedling is selected

Seedling should select seedling age to reach 1 year, and the seedling of long more than the 20cm of root, root more than diameter 2mm is transplanted; Every mu of the consumption Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae are 150kg, root of large-flowered skullcap 45kg;

(4) transplant

1) mulch film is selected: fabric width 50 centimetres of white mulch films; 2) put seedling earthing: by line-spacing 50cm unwrapping wire, ground table soil is scalped 5cm with flat shovel, forms the flat ditch that 50cm is wide, by shovel soil and evenly lie in the right of ditch, by the both sides of kind of the symptom of a trend towards ditch, namely the symptom of a trend is outwardly, tail to tail, laid parallel, spacing in the rows 10cm, keep the symptom of a trend at the outer 1 ~ 2cm of institute's unwrapping wire, after occupying two rows, mamoty 5 ~ 8cm will be shown on the left of ditch, on the seedling that uniform fold is put in front row, by the symptom of a trend, seedling tail covers tight; 3) covering with plastic film: dig a dark 10cm in the direction vertical with flat ditch, the shallow ridges of long 50cm, imbeds mulch film one, press, mulch film both sides and hanging wire are neat mutually, tension mulch film, and Bian Labian soil, by the compacting of mulch film both sides, prevents wind from uncovering; By line-spacing 50cm thread-changing, behind grade, according to the symptom of a trend outwardly, tail puts the second ditch seedling to tail swing, and the rest may be inferred, completes Chinese medicine 50cm mulch film and to appear cultivation; The Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling every mu of consumption are 150kg, root of large-flowered skullcap 45kg;

(5) field management

1) topdress: animated period of nourishing and growing July ~ August, after selecting rainfall, mu executes urea 5kg ~ 10kg, topdresses 3 times in growth period; 2) intertill and clean tillage: after seedling all sprouts, weeding is loosened the soil; Weeding depending on careless feelings, 5 times;

(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

1) Radix Astragali powdery mildew: early stage sprays 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil 40ml/ mu, is watered 50kg-60kg spraying control, every 10d once, sprays 2 times, forbid medication apart from picking time in 40d; 2) aphid: every mu was sprayed 50% Aphox wettable powder 10g ~ 15g, every 14d once, sprayed 3 times, forbids medication apart from picking time in 40d in order to contain the phase of sending out May; 3) Radix Glycyrrhizae brown spot: with the 500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazim, spray 1 time every 10d, connect spray 2 times;

(7) excavate

1) time: late October ~ early November, before soil freezing;

2) collecting method: first prescind aerial part stem of withering when excavating climing, then from rand excavation 40cm ~ 50cm zanjon, patent medicine digs out by ecto-entad successively, saves root from damage as far as possible, is strictly on guard against that hindering skin is completely cured;

(8) preserve

Be stored in drying, ventilation, clean cool place place.

Survey product result to show, this technology is very suitable for the plantation of the Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the root of large-flowered skullcap, particularly Radix Glycyrrhizae, and compared with general planting technology, per mu yield can reach 475.02kg, mu volume increase 206.67kg, and rate of growth is 77%; , the Radix Astragali, on the root of large-flowered skullcap, per mu yield is respectively 538.03kg, 360.68kg, mu volume increase be respectively 198.03kg, 74kg, rate of growth is respectively 58%, 25.8%, and effect of increasing production is quite remarkable.Also can improve medicinal material commodity property, 50cm mulch film appears cultivation compared with conventional cultivation technology, the long 56.9cm of Radix Glycyrrhizae average root, and comparatively general planting increases 5.3cm, and root diameter is equal with general planting, and top-quality product rate adds 11.4% simultaneously; Radix Astragali average root is long, root diameter is respectively 49.4cm, 1.0mm, and comparatively general planting increases 8.6cm, 0.1mm respectively, and top-quality product rate adds 6.5%; Root of large-flowered skullcap average root is long, root diameter is respectively 39.3cm, 1.5mm, and comparatively general planting increases 2.3cm, 0.2mm respectively, and top-quality product rate adds 10.9%.

Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the 50cm mulch film of Chinese medicine is appeared a cultural method, it is characterized in that, comprises following content:

(1) selection of land wholely

Select soil layer is deep, physical features is smooth, the soil is porous, water-permeable and air permeable is good loessal soil, black mature soil or black numb black earth soil, soil pH value is 7.5 ~ 8.2; Production of Large Fields also can be planted in well-drained river water ground, non-irrigated tableland or hillside fields; After preceding crop results in time wholely, nonirrigated farmland turns over twice, for the last time in the fall, and more than tilling depth 30cm; Applying base manure in conjunction with ploughing, executing farm manure 3500kg ~ 4000kg for every mu, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg ~ 25kg, the then thin leveling of rake; Plough spring and will note preserving soil moisture;

(2) transplanting time

Early spring, late March ~ early April soil was transplanted after thawing completely;

(3) seedling is selected

Seedling should select seedling age to reach 1 year, and the seedling of long more than the 20cm of root, root more than diameter 2mm is transplanted; Every mu of the consumption Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae are 150kg, root of large-flowered skullcap 45kg;

(4) transplant

1) mulch film is selected: fabric width 50 centimetres of white mulch films; 2) put seedling earthing: by line-spacing 50cm unwrapping wire, ground table soil is scalped 5cm with flat shovel, forms the flat ditch that 50cm is wide, by shovel soil and evenly lie in the right of ditch, by the both sides of kind of the symptom of a trend towards ditch, namely the symptom of a trend is outwardly, tail to tail, laid parallel, spacing in the rows 10cm, keep the symptom of a trend at the outer 1 ~ 2cm of institute's unwrapping wire, after occupying two rows, mamoty 5 ~ 8cm will be shown on the left of ditch, on the seedling that uniform fold is put in front row, by the symptom of a trend, seedling tail covers tight; 3) covering with plastic film: dig a dark 10cm in the direction vertical with flat ditch, the shallow ridges of long 50cm, imbeds mulch film one, press, mulch film both sides and hanging wire are neat mutually, tension mulch film, and Bian Labian soil, by the compacting of mulch film both sides, prevents wind from uncovering; By line-spacing 50cm thread-changing, behind grade, according to the symptom of a trend outwardly, tail puts the second ditch seedling to tail swing, and the rest may be inferred, completes Chinese medicine 50cm mulch film and to appear cultivation;

(5) field management

1) topdress: animated period of nourishing and growing July ~ August, after selecting rainfall, mu executes urea 5kg ~ 10kg, topdresses 2 times ~ 3 times in growth period; 2) intertill and clean tillage: after seedling all sprouts, weeding is loosened the soil; Weeding, depending on careless feelings, is no less than 3 times;

(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

1) Radix Astragali powdery mildew: early stage sprays 20% triazolone missible oil, 1500 times of liquid, 75% Bravo wettable powder 120g/ mu or 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil 40ml/ mu, be watered 50kg-60kg spraying control, every 10d ~ 14d once, spray 2 times ~ 3 times, forbid medication apart from picking time in 40d; 2) aphid: May is for containing the phase of sending out, every mu is sprayed 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 3000 ~ 5000 times of liquid, 20% fenvalerate, 2000 times of liquid ~ 3000 times liquid, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 50% Aphox wettable powder 10g ~ 15g, every 10d ~ 14d once, spray 2 times ~ 3 times, forbid medication apart from picking time in 40d; 3) Radix Glycyrrhizae brown spot: with the 500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazim, spray 1 time every 7d ~ 10d, connect spray 2 times-3 times;

(7) excavate

1) time: late October ~ early November, before soil freezing;

2) collecting method: first prescind aerial part stem of withering when excavating climing, then from rand excavation 40cm ~ 50cm zanjon, patent medicine digs out by ecto-entad successively, saves root from damage as far as possible, is strictly on guard against that hindering skin is completely cured;

(8) preserve

Be stored in drying, ventilation, clean cool place place.