CN103621305B - Outcrop cultivation method for Chinese herbal medicine by using 35cm mulch film - Google Patents
Outcrop cultivation method for Chinese herbal medicine by using 35cm mulch film Download PDFInfo
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- CN103621305B CN103621305B CN201310695047.XA CN201310695047A CN103621305B CN 103621305 B CN103621305 B CN 103621305B CN 201310695047 A CN201310695047 A CN 201310695047A CN 103621305 B CN103621305 B CN 103621305B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an outcrop cultivation method for a Chinese herbal medicine by using a 35cm mulch film, relating to the technical field of medicine cultivation. The method comprises the step of carrying out outcrop cultivation on a seedling by using the 35cm mulch film during transplanting. The outcrop cultivation method is suitable for planting scutellaria baicalensis, astragalus and liquorice, remarkable in yield increasing effect and also capable of remarkably increasing the root length, root diameter and top-quality good rate and improving the commodity characteristic of the Chinese herbal medicine. According to the invention, natural resources such as light, heat, water, soil and the like are sufficiently utilized to ensure that the Chinese herbal medicine is vigorous in growth and further enhanced in cultivation of resilience and pest and disease resistance, so that the kinds and occurrence rate of pest and disease damages are correspondingly reduced, and the usage number and usage amount of pesticides are correspondingly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of medicine cultivation, in particular a kind of 35cm mulch film of traditional Chinese medicine is appeared cultivation method.
Background technology
Longxi County is " township of the Chinese Radix Astragali ", to produce the medicinal material amounts of fine quality such as the Radix Astragali, the root of large-flowered skullcap, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis, radix bupleuri large, be one of important producing region of national genunie medicinal materials.For these years, continue to use the method that land for growing field crops trench digging is transplanted in traditional Chinese medicine plantation always, time-consumingly to take a lot of work.In recent years, along with expanding economy, rural area a large amount of labour shift to city, surplus rural labor force except child be exactly old man, a large amount of soil is thrown something aside, and peasant only selects the traditional Chinese medicine plantation that some implantation methods are simple, economic benefit is low, and this present situation has had a strong impact on diversification, the fast development of China's Chinese Medicine Industry, on the Radix Astragali in Shou Yang town, the county, within 2011, carry out 35cm mulch film first to appear experiment in cultivation, effect of increasing production highly significant.2012,2013 continuous 2 years, in first sun and vegetable seeds two traditional Chinese medicine plantation main producing region these technology of large-scale demonstration, result shows, 35cm mulch film appears that plantation effect of increasing production is stable and rate of growth is very high, is the suitable new technology promoted on the dense planting traditional Chinese medicines such as the current Radix Astragali, the root of large-flowered skullcap, Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for prior art deficiency of existing in plantation traditional Chinese medicine, and the 35cm mulch film providing a kind of traditional Chinese medicine is appeared cultivation method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The 35cm mulch film of traditional Chinese medicine is appeared a cultivation method, comprises following content:
(1) selection of land wholely
Select soil layer is deep, physical features is smooth, the soil is porous, water-permeable and air permeable is good loessal soil, black mature soil or black numb black earth soil, soil pH value is 7.5 ~ 8.2; Production of Large Fields also can be planted in well-drained river water ground, non-irrigated tableland or hillside fields; After preceding crop results in time wholely, nonirrigated farmland turns over twice, for the last time in the fall, and more than tilling depth 30cm; Applying base manure in conjunction with ploughing, executing farmyard manure 3500kg ~ 4000kg for every mu, diammonium phosphate 20kg ~ 25kg, the then thin leveling of rake; Plough spring and will note preserving soil moisture;
(2) transplanting time
Early spring, late March ~ early April soil was transplanted after thawing completely;
(3) seedling is selected
Seedling should select seedling age to reach 1 year, and the seedling of long more than the 20cm of root, root more than diameter 2mm is transplanted; Every mu of the consumption Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae are 150kg, root of large-flowered skullcap 45kg;
(4) transplant
1) mulch film is selected: fabric width 35 centimetres of white mulch films; 2) seedling earthing is put: by line-spacing 35cm unwrapping wire, ground table soil is scalped 5cm with flat shovel, forms the wide flat ditch of 35cm, by shovel native the right evenly lying in ditch, the symptom of a trend will be planted towards right laid parallel, spacing in the rows 10cm, keeps the symptom of a trend at the outer 1 ~ 2cm of institute's unwrapping wire, after occupying a row, by seedling afterbody table mamoty 5 ~ 8cm, on the seedling that uniform fold is put in front row, by the symptom of a trend, seedling tail covers tight; 3) covering with plastic film: dig a dark 10cm in the direction vertical with flat ditch, the shallow ridges of long 35cm, imbeds mulch film one, press, mulch film and hanging wire are neat mutually, tension mulch film, and Bian Labian soil, by the compacting of mulch film both sides, prevents wind from uncovering; By line-spacing 35cm thread-changing, behind grade, put second row seedling in the same direction, the rest may be inferred, completes traditional Chinese medicine 35cm mulch film and to appear cultivation;
(5) field management
1) topdress: animated period of nourishing and growing July ~ August, after selecting rainfall, mu executes urea 5kg ~ 10kg, topdresses 2 times ~ 3 times in vegetative period; 2) intertill and clean tillage: after seedling all sprouts, weeding is loosened the soil; Weeding, depending on careless feelings, is no less than 3 times;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest
1) Radix Astragali powdery mildew: their early stage sprays 20% triazolone missible oil, 1500 times of liquid, 75% tpn wetting powder 120g/ mu or 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil 40ml/ mu, be watered 50kg-60kg spraying control, every 10d ~ 14d once, spray 2 times ~ 3 times, forbid medication apart from picking time in 40d; 2) aphid: May is for containing the phase of sending out, every mu is sprayed 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 3000 ~ 5000 times of liquid, 20% sumicidin, 2000 times of liquid ~ 3000 times liquid, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 50% Aphox wetting powder 10g ~ 15g, every 10d ~ 14d once, spray 2 times ~ 3 times, forbid medication apart from picking time in 40d; 3) Radix Glycyrrhizae brown spot: with the 500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazim, spray 1 time every 7d ~ 10d, connect spray 2 times-3 times;
(7) excavate
1) time: late October ~ early November, before soil freezing;
2) collecting method: first prescind acrial part stem of withering when excavating climing, then from rand excavation 40cm ~ 50cm zanjon, patent medicine digs out by ecto-entad successively, saves root from damage as far as possible, is strictly on guard against that hindering skin is completely cured;
(8) preserve
Be stored in drying, ventilation, clean cool place place.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: one, Meteorological effect, is beneficial to root yield and improves; Two, excavate conveniently, save labour; Three, Weed infestation is alleviated; Four, owing to taking full advantage of the natural resourcess such as light, heat, water, soil, traditional Chinese medicine growth is vigorous, and anti-adversity ability, diseases and insect pests resistance strengthen further, therefore damage by disease and insect species survey reduction corresponding to incidence, the minimizing corresponding to usage amount of Pesticide use number of times; Five, the present invention is very suitable for the plantation of the root of large-flowered skullcap, the Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, particularly Radix Glycyrrhizae, and compared with general planting technology, per mu yield can reach 468.025kg, mu volume increase 220kg, and rate of growth is 42.7%; On the Radix Astragali, the root of large-flowered skullcap, per mu yield is respectively 565kg, 348.3kg, mu volume increase be respectively 225kg, 61.67kg, rate of growth is respectively 39%, 17.7%, and effect of increasing production is quite remarkable; Six, the present invention significantly improves root length, root diameter and top-quality product rate, thus improves the commodity property of medicinal material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
2013, the Radix Astragali respectively in Shou Yang town, the root of large-flowered skullcap, Radix Glycyrrhizae have carried out 35cm mulch film appear experiment in cultivation demonstration, its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) selection of land wholely
Select soil layer is deep, physical features is smooth, the soil is porous, water-permeable and air permeable is good loessal soil, black mature soil or black numb black earth soil, soil pH value is 7.5 ~ 8.2; After preceding crop results in time wholely, nonirrigated farmland turns over twice, for the last time in the fall, and more than tilling depth 30cm; Applying base manure in conjunction with ploughing, executing farmyard manure 3500kg ~ 4000kg for every mu, diammonium phosphate 20kg ~ 25kg, the then thin leveling of rake; Plough spring and will note preserving soil moisture;
(2) transplanting time
Early spring, late March ~ early April soil was transplanted after thawing completely;
(3) seedling is selected
Seedling should select seedling age to reach 1 year, and the seedling of long more than the 20cm of root, root more than diameter 2mm is transplanted; Every mu of the consumption Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae are 150kg, root of large-flowered skullcap 45kg;
(4) transplant
1) mulch film is selected: fabric width 35 centimetres of white mulch films; 2) seedling earthing is put: by line-spacing 35cm unwrapping wire, ground table soil is scalped 5cm with flat shovel, forms the wide flat ditch of 35cm, by shovel native the right evenly lying in ditch, the symptom of a trend will be planted towards right laid parallel, spacing in the rows 10cm, keeps the symptom of a trend at the outer 1 ~ 2cm of institute's unwrapping wire, after occupying a row, by seedling afterbody table mamoty 5 ~ 8cm, on the seedling that uniform fold is put in front row, by the symptom of a trend, seedling tail covers tight; 3) covering with plastic film: dig a dark 10cm in the direction vertical with flat ditch, the shallow ridges of long 35cm, imbeds mulch film one, press, mulch film and hanging wire are neat mutually, tension mulch film, and Bian Labian soil, by the compacting of mulch film both sides, prevents wind from uncovering; By line-spacing 35cm thread-changing, behind grade, put second row seedling in the same direction, the rest may be inferred, completes traditional Chinese medicine 35cm mulch film and to appear cultivation;
(5) field management
1) topdress: animated period of nourishing and growing July ~ August, after selecting rainfall, mu executes urea 7kg, topdresses 2 times in vegetative period; 2) intertill and clean tillage: after seedling all sprouts, weeding is loosened the soil; Weeding 4 times;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest
1) Radix Astragali powdery mildew: their early stage sprays 20% triazolone missible oil, 1500 times of liquid, 75% tpn wetting powder 120g/ mu spraying control, every 12d once, sprays 3 times, forbids medication apart from picking time in 40d; 2) aphid: every mu was sprayed 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 3000 ~ 5000 times of liquid, 20% sumicidin, 2000 times of liquid ~ 3000 times liquid, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 14d once, sprayed 2 times, forbids medication apart from picking time in 40d in order to contain the phase of sending out May; 3) Radix Glycyrrhizae brown spot: with the 500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazim, spray 1 time every 7d, connect spray 2 times;
(7) excavate
1) time: late October ~ early November, before soil freezing;
2) collecting method: first prescind acrial part stem of withering when excavating climing, then from rand excavation 40cm ~ 50cm zanjon, patent medicine digs out by ecto-entad successively, saves root from damage as far as possible, is strictly on guard against that hindering skin is completely cured;
(8) preserve
Be stored in drying, ventilation, clean cool place place.
Survey product result to show, this technology is very suitable for the plantation of the Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the root of large-flowered skullcap, particularly Radix Glycyrrhizae, and compared with general planting technology, per mu yield can reach 468.02kg, mu volume increase 199.67kg ㎏, and rate of growth is 74%; On the Radix Astragali, the root of large-flowered skullcap, per mu yield is respectively 565.36kg, 348.35kg, mu volume increase be respectively 225.34kg, 61.67kg, rate of growth is respectively 66%, 21.5%, and effect of increasing production is quite remarkable.Also can improve medicinal material commodity property, 35cm mulch film appears cultivation compared with conventional cultivation technology, the long 56.2cm of Radix Glycyrrhizae average root, and comparatively general planting increases 4.6cm, and root diameter 1.2mm, adds 0.1mm, and top-quality product rate 24.7%, adds 13.8% simultaneously; Radix Astragali average root is long, root diameter is respectively 46cm, 1.1mm, and comparatively general planting increases 5.2cm, 0.2mm respectively, and top-quality product rate is 27.7%, adds 7.9%; Root of large-flowered skullcap average root is long, root diameter is respectively 38.6cm, 1.4mm, and comparatively general planting increases 1.6cm, 0.1mm respectively, and top-quality product rate is equal with general planting, and goods of inferior quality rate adds 7.3%.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the 35cm mulch film of traditional Chinese medicine is appeared a cultivation method, it is characterized in that, comprises following content:
(1) selection of land wholely
Select soil layer is deep, physical features is smooth, the soil is porous, water-permeable and air permeable is good loessal soil, black mature soil or black numb black earth soil, soil pH value is 7.5 ~ 8.2; Production of Large Fields also can be planted in well-drained river water ground, non-irrigated tableland or hillside fields; After preceding crop results in time wholely, nonirrigated farmland turns over twice, for the last time in the fall, and more than tilling depth 30cm; Applying base manure in conjunction with ploughing, executing farmyard manure 3500kg ~ 4000kg for every mu, diammonium phosphate 20kg ~ 25kg, the then thin leveling of rake; Plough spring and will note preserving soil moisture;
(2) transplanting time
Early spring, late March ~ early April soil was transplanted after thawing completely;
(3) seedling is selected
Seedling should select seedling age to reach 1 year, and the seedling of long more than the 20cm of root, root more than diameter 2mm is transplanted; Every mu of the consumption Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae are 150kg, root of large-flowered skullcap 45kg;
(4) transplant
1) mulch film is selected: fabric width 35 centimetres of white mulch films; 2) seedling earthing is put: by line-spacing 35cm unwrapping wire, ground table soil is scalped 5cm with flat shovel, forms the wide flat ditch of 35cm, by shovel native the right evenly lying in ditch, the symptom of a trend will be planted towards right laid parallel, spacing in the rows 10cm, keeps the symptom of a trend at the outer 1 ~ 2cm of institute's unwrapping wire, after occupying a row, by seedling afterbody table mamoty 5 ~ 8cm, on the seedling that uniform fold is put in front row, by the symptom of a trend, seedling tail covers tight; 3) covering with plastic film: dig a dark 10cm in the direction vertical with flat ditch, the shallow ridges of long 35cm, imbeds mulch film one, press, mulch film and hanging wire are neat mutually, tension mulch film, and Bian Labian soil, by the compacting of mulch film both sides, prevents wind from uncovering; By line-spacing 35cm thread-changing, behind grade, put second row seedling in the same direction, the rest may be inferred, completes traditional Chinese medicine 35cm mulch film and to appear cultivation;
(5) field management
1) topdress: animated period of nourishing and growing July ~ August, after selecting rainfall, mu executes urea 5kg ~ 10kg, topdresses 2 times ~ 3 times in vegetative period; 2) intertill and clean tillage: after seedling all sprouts, weeding is loosened the soil; Weeding, depending on careless feelings, is no less than 3 times;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest
1) Radix Astragali powdery mildew: their early stage sprays 20% triazolone missible oil, 1500 times of liquid, 75% tpn wetting powder 120g/ mu or 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil 40ml/ mu, be watered 50kg-60kg spraying control, every 10d ~ 14d once, spray 2 times ~ 3 times, forbid medication apart from picking time in 40d; 2) aphid: May is for containing the phase of sending out, every mu is sprayed 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 3000 ~ 5000 times of liquid, 20% sumicidin, 2000 times of liquid ~ 3000 times liquid, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 50% Aphox wetting powder 10g ~ 15g, every 10d ~ 14d once, spray 2 times ~ 3 times, forbid medication apart from picking time in 40d; 3) Radix Glycyrrhizae brown spot: with the 500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazim, spray 1 time every 7d ~ 10d, connect spray 2 times-3 times;
(7) excavate
1) time: late October ~ early November, before soil freezing;
2) collecting method: first prescind acrial part stem of withering when excavating climing, then from rand excavation 40cm ~ 50cm zanjon, patent medicine digs out by ecto-entad successively, saves root from damage as far as possible, is strictly on guard against that hindering skin is completely cured;
(8) preserve
Be stored in drying, ventilation, clean cool place place.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107969305A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-01 | 陇西县农业技术推广中心 | A kind of anti drought cultivation method of Radix Codonopsis |
| CN109121973A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-04 | 陇西县雯盛农牧科技有限责任公司 | A kind of semiarid zone mulch is appeared cultural method |
| CN113016537A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-25 | 定西市农业科学研究院 | Film-covering planting method for radix astragali in adulthood in cold-high and yin-damp area |
| CN113016539A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-25 | 漳县农业技术推广中心 | Codonopsis pilosula horizontal-swing soil-covering film side outcrop cultivation method |
| CN113692825B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2022-04-12 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Outcrop mulching film-covering whole-rolling belt type transplanting machine for rhizome traditional Chinese medicinal materials and planting method thereof |
| CN114568221A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-03 | 甘肃晟地农业发展有限公司 | Method for breeding astragalus membranaceus seeds by using standardized improved seed field |
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