CN109315245A - A kind of cultivating method of crop - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of cultivating method of crop, comprising the following steps: (one) variety selection: Grain feed high-yield corn kind is selected；(2) soil prepares；(3) ridging earthing；(4) it sows；(5) field management；(6) harvest: according to different cultivation purposes, the harvest time of corn is different；Fertilizer practice can enhance corn resistance, can improve soil texture, keep soil from packing together, and be conducive to maize production sustainable development；Using the synchronous cultivation of the double strains of corn ridge side duplicate rows width, the lodging resistance of corn is improved；It is planted using next annual ring side, the land fertility of times fertilizer next year plantation improves corn spring sowing and is retained anti-spring drought performance.

Description

A kind of cultivating method of crop

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of crops, specifically a kind of cultural method of corn.

Background technique

In recent years, maize production weighs benefit, gently increases soil fertility, and it is big that per unit area yield improves pressure.In order to pursue corn stable yields, volume increase, agriculture More chemical fertilizer are applied at family on unit soil, and some soils have resulted in soil hardening.Many peasant household's applications " one bombards " etc. Simple fertilizing method, because quality is irregular, Fertilizer Ratio is not scientific, and pest and disease damage aggravates, and resistance reduces.Due to corn The phenomenon that planting benefit is relatively low, and peasant both has no ability to or is unwilling to increase input at aspect of increasing soil fertility, arable land " Farmland was overused without proper attention to the maintenance of its fertility " Generally, seldom applications of farmyard manure limits the raising of corn per unit area yield to a certain extent.In addition to this, many peasant households, which take, spreads Fertilising material had both been unfavorable for crop absorption, and utilization rate is extremely low, and waste greatly, and pollutes the environment.Corn growth early period is with after Phase, plant resistance was poor vulnerable to low temperature effect, easily generation freeze injury, therefore, current cultivating method of crop to be improved, to improve jade Rice yield.

Currently, the variation of more new plantation has occurred in the planting patterns of corn due to the high development of mechanization of agriculture cause, Corn double line width ridge has been popularized in most farm reclamation areas in an all-round way, this cultivation technique solves the unilateral side of large area maize planting Ventilation and penetrating light in the ranks plays certain effect to the volume increase of corn, still, for existing many micro-ridges, then cannot use The method of big ridge plantation, therefore the corn of micro-ridge plantation still can not reach effective permeability, corn is airtight Growth severely impacts its yield, and corn quality defect under environment, easily lodges.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to solve the problems of the above-mentioned prior art, a kind of jade that corn yield can be improved is provided Rice cultural method.

A kind of cultivating method of crop, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:

(1) variety selection: Grain feed high-yield corn kind is selected；

(2) soil prepares

1) selection of land: selection of land is convenient with irrigation and drainage, convenient between management, PH6.5-7, loam more than middle fertility or husky earth Soil is advisable；

2) it site preparation: by mechanical rotary tillage or traditional real tillage after selection of land, plants arable land and has to plough deeply subsoiling, depth reaches 20 centimetres or so, hold gutter successfully, thorough cut encloses 30 centimetres of each depth of ditch, accomplishes that ditch ditch communicates, native face is smooth；

(3) ridging earthing: line-spacings are waited to make 85 centimetres of row spacing only, 90-100 centimetres of row spacing of wide-and narrow-row interplanting, ridge is about 20 lis high Rice or so, ridging is advisable at a watt back type, 5-10 centimetres of thickness of earth covering；Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is allowed to decompose curing, row spacing in soil For 65~70cm；

(4) it sows: when sowing, with two ridges for a unit, being broadcast by the way of the double grains of two ridge ridges inside duplicate rows width cave Kind corn seed, same two ridge of unit are synchronous；Every cave seed is two.The wide hill spacing in adjacent two cave is from for 70~66cm, narrow cave 35~33cm of distance；

(5) field management:

1) apply seed manure: applying starter of fertilizer in seedbed, the compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content each 18% at random per acre；

2) moisture: irrigating, Resistant using magnetized water, improves quality, and water-saving and yield-increasing guarantees corn florescence, pustulation period Moisture supply needs 400 kilograms of the water water requirements for calculating production corn yield according to per kilogram corn.

3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: using apply soil conditioner, probiotics prevent and treat underground pest and disease damage, using sound wave encourage instrument, Magnetized water mitigates prevention and treatment pest and disease damage；When pest and disease damage especially severe, using Biocidal lamp, ozone machine and biological pesticide are prevented in time It controls；

4) it prevents and treats crop smothering: applying black covering with ground sheeting, weeds is prevented to germinate, manually or mechanically weeding combines intertillage ridging pressure Grass；Or select the prevention and treatment of nonhazardous high efficiency corn herbicides special；

(6) harvest: according to different cultivation purposes, the harvest time of corn is different；Fresh food dish is with corn generally after pollination It can be harvested after grouting in 16-22 days, supply listing in time after fruit picking；Grain is used or fodder maize will be after the disappearance of seed milk-line, out Crop highest when existing stain.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: fertilizer practice can enhance corn resistance, reduce the probability that disease occurs, and reduce pesticide Usage amount reduces production cost, and the planting technology for improving peasant household is horizontal, promotes peasant's cost-saving synergistic；Soil can be improved Earth structure, keeps soil from packing together, and not only improves to corn per unit area yield, quality, and is conducive to maize production sustainable development Exhibition.Using the synchronous cultivation of the double strains of corn ridge side duplicate rows width, reaches the penetrating of large area corn intercrossing, improve the anti-of corn Lodge performance.It is planted using next annual ring side, realizes the plantation of ridge culture crop rotation, restored the crumb structure of soil, times fertilizer The land fertility of next year plantation improves corn spring sowing and is retained anti-spring drought performance.

Specific embodiment

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment:

Cultivating method of crop provided by the invention specifically includes following measures:

(1) variety selection

Corn variety, China's No.1 high yield Foodstuff maize.Breeding time sows in spring 130 days, and summer sowing 105 days, plant height 340cm, fringe position 125cm.Dual spike rate is high, the nearly cylinder type of fruit ear, 25-32cm of spike length, and cob is red, row grain number 40, grain line number 14-16, grain yellow.Hard grain type or half dent type, 40-42 grams of 100-grain weight, quality is good, is rich in procyanidine and superoxides discrimination Change enzyme, is functional corn.

The kind is three quality product kinds rare in Grain feed high-yield corn kind；(I) eat raw excellent: seed pol is up to 18-24 degree, with corn quite and skin book mouthfeel it is more preferable.(2) excellent with solid food feeding nutrition: albumen is up to 10% or more, lysine Up to 0.32%, starch 72% and sweet and dilitious.(3) excellent for ensilage；Stem fringe position pol, up to 1I5-20 degree, are adopted The quality silage produced with special warfare, can not only feed cattle and sheep can more feed pigs chicken.

General 1000-1200 kilograms of per mu yield, optimal conditions cultivation per mu yield cross 1500 kilograms or more.

Adaptation zone is wide, resistance.It can be in three northern areas of China spring sowing and Huang-Huai-Hai summer sowing.

(2) soil prepares

1, selection of land.Corn is fertilizer favorite water, good warm, aerobic crops that are more, being afraid of flooded stain, peracid, excessively viscous and barren soil Corn growth will be made bad.Therefore, selection of land is preferably with irrigation and drainage convenience, convenient between management, PH6.5-7, more than middle fertility Loam or sandy loam be advisable.

2, site preparation.Whole is the precondition that corn is broadcast live and saves seedling from damage well.It is turned over after selection of land by mechanical rotary tillage or tradition Soil plants arable land and has to plough deeply subsoiling, and depth holds gutter successfully up to 20 centimetres or so, and thorough cut encloses 30 centimetres of each depth of ditch, Accomplish that ditch ditch communicates, native face is smooth.Reach the site preparation quality requirement of " Horizon, soil are thin, moisture in the soil is sufficient ".

(3) fertilizer: yield and soil fertility appropriate adjustment on the estimation.

1, corrugate.On smooth good soil, compartment is opened by duplicate rows plant 130-150 centimetres of specification unwrapping wire of corn, in compartment face The suitable corn plant direction corrugate in center, 15-20 centimetres of ditch depth, 20-25 centimetres of furrow width.

2, it applies fertilizer.

50-80 kilograms of soil conditioner

10-20 kilograms of organic carbon；Or mu is with 3 kilograms of 1500 kilograms+probiotics of crushing straw；Or the farmers' such as pigs and cattle sheep dung Fertilizer, per acre with 3 kilograms of 3000 kilograms+probiotics；Or with 150 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer；Common Cultivation can use three material compound fertilizers 80 kilograms of (special compound fertilizer for corns).

First the uniform item of farmyard manure is imposed in ditch, then chemical fertilizer is sprinkling upon above farmyard manure.

3, ridging earthing.Equal line-spacings make 85 centimetres of row spacing (packet ditch) only, 90-100 centimetres of wide-and narrow-row interplanting row spacing (packet ditch), High about 20 centimetres or so of ridge, soil in compartment is covered on above fertilizer, ridging is advisable at a watt back type, 5-10 centimetres of thickness of earth covering. Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is allowed to decompose curing in soil, in compartment face by 30 centimetres of line-spacing sowings or Transplanting Maize after 25-30 days.Row spacing For 65~70cm；

(4) it sows

When sowing, with two ridges for a unit, the seeding corn kind by the way of the double grains of two ridge ridges inside duplicate rows width cave Son, the cross section on ridge is from the appearance point of view, top highest point claims ridge platform, and bottom end lowest point claims ridge bottom, between ridge platform and ridge bottom Side is known as ridge side, also known as ridge side.There are a ridge platform, two ridge sides and two ridges bottom in one ridge.It is described " double on the inside of two ridge ridges Row ", refers to and helps each plantation a line seed on the inside ridge on two ridges of a unit." width cave double grains ", refer in same For the seed hill spacing planted on ridge from respectively narrow-wide-narrow-wide mode circuited sequentially, same two ridge of unit is synchronous；Every cave Seed is two.The wide hill spacing in adjacent two cave is 70~66cm from (wide spacing in the rows), and narrow hill spacing is from (narrow spacing in the rows) 35~33cm.

It is cultivated using corn ridge side duplicate rows width hill spacing is synchronous.

Cropping pattern, two ridges are an assembly, the seeding corn by the way of the double grains of two ridge ridges inside duplicate rows width cave Seed.

Sowing design density, mu are kept a full stand of seedings 3600~4000 plants, by each corn variety planting density requirement, can increase kind Density in planting 10%.Mu broadcasts 1800~2000 caves, 2, every cave.

Sow line-spacing, narrow row 40~50cm of line-spacing, 80~95cm of wide row line-spacing.

(5) field management

1, seed manure: 30 kilograms of starter of fertilizer in seedbed (compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content each 18%) is applied at random per acre.

2, top dressing: late June combines corn field to seal ridge, and mu applies 30 kilograms of urea.

Corn special foliar fertilizer preferably sprays twice.With controls height such as plant inducers when prosperous growth.

Encourage instrument using sound wave (sound fertilizer, acoustic wave device can be with for many years)

When potassium content is lower in soil, potassium sulfate is imposed in the watery stage.

Regulation: 10~12 leaf phases of corn, mu spray 1 30 grams of corn ton field treasured reverse-resisting yield-increasing agent, can promote corn increasing Root strengthens bar, is anti-fall.

4, moisture

It is irrigated using magnetized water, Resistant, improves quality, water-saving and yield-increasing, equipment can be used 10 years or more, generally increase production 20% More than, especially to guarantee corn florescence, pustulation period moisture supply needs 400 kilograms of water calculating according to per kilogram corn, can calculate The water requirement of corn yield is produced out.

5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Soil conditioner, probiotics etc. can prevent and treat underground pest and disease damage, and sound wave encourages instrument, and magnetized water all can reduce prevention and treatment disease pest Evil.When pest and disease damage especially severe, Biocidal lamp can be applied, ozone machine and biological pesticide are prevented and treated in time.

Prevent and treat crop smothering

It is covered using black film, weeds can be prevented to germinate, artificial (machinery) weeding combines intertillage ridging pressure grass.Also it can be selected The prevention and treatment of nonhazardous high efficiency corn herbicides special.

The above management measure can produce safe green, and good high-yield corn is comparable that chemical fertilizer increasing yield and improving quality is applied alone, Remarkable benefit.

7, the field management of corn high bar phase, insect prevention, foliage-spray booting fertilizer, grain filling fertilizer (plant by corn ridge side duplicate rows Training, in the corn high bar phase, the wide row of corn can manually walk field management).

(6) it harvests

According to different cultivation purposes, the harvest time of corn is different.Fresh food dish is with corn 16-22 days generally after pollination It can be harvested after grouting, supply listing in time after fruit picking.Grain will be after the disappearance of seed milk-line, when there is stain with (feeding) corn Crop highest.The corn variety planted at present, maturation mostly living, functional period of leaf is long, and production can be improved in suitable period harvest Amount.

(7) next year corn planting, on the outside of the two ridge ridges by the way of duplicate rows, that is, the ridge on the outside of two ridges of a unit Maize planting is helped, realizes the purpose that crop rotation plantation, leisure are increased soil fertility.

Finally, it should be noted that being not intended to restrict the invention the foregoing is merely explanation of the invention, although to this hair It is bright to be described in detail, it for those skilled in the art, still can be to aforementioned documented technical solution It modifies or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of cultivating method of crop, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:

(1) variety selection: Grain feed high-yield corn kind is selected；

(2) soil prepares

1) selection of land: selection of land is convenient with irrigation and drainage, be convenient between management, PH6.5-7, loam more than middle fertility or sandy loam are Preferably；

2) it site preparation: by mechanical rotary tillage or traditional real tillage after selection of land, plants arable land and has to plough deeply subsoiling, depth is up to 20 lis Rice or so, holds gutter successfully, thorough cut encloses 30 centimetres of each depth of ditch, accomplishes that ditch ditch communicates, native face is smooth；

(3) ridging earthing: waiting line-spacings to make 85 centimetres of row spacing only, and 90-100 centimetres of row spacing of wide-and narrow-row interplanting, the high about 20 centimetres of left sides in ridge The right side, ridging are advisable at a watt back type, 5-10 centimetres of thickness of earth covering；Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is allowed to decompose curing, row spacing 65 in soil ~70cm；

(4) it sows: when sowing, with two ridges for a unit, sowing jade by the way of the double grains of two ridge ridges inside duplicate rows width cave Rice seed, same two ridge of unit are synchronous；Every cave seed is two；The wide hill spacing in adjacent two cave from for 70~66cm, narrow hill spacing from 35~33cm；

(5) field management:

1) apply seed manure: applying starter of fertilizer in seedbed, the compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content each 18% at random per acre；

2) moisture: irrigating, Resistant using magnetized water, improves quality, and water-saving and yield-increasing guarantees corn florescence, pustulation period moisture Supply needs 400 kilograms of the water water requirements for calculating production corn yield according to per kilogram corn；

3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: using soil conditioner is applied, probiotics prevents and treats underground pest and disease damage, encourages instrument, magnetization using sound wave Water mitigates prevention and treatment pest and disease damage；When pest and disease damage especially severe, using Biocidal lamp, ozone machine and biological pesticide are prevented and treated in time；

4) it prevents and treats crop smothering: applying black covering with ground sheeting, weeds is prevented to germinate, manually or mechanically weeding combines intertillage ridging pressure grass；Or Select the prevention and treatment of nonhazardous high efficiency corn herbicides special；

(6) harvest: according to different cultivation purposes, the harvest time of corn is different；Fresh food dish is with corn 16-generally after pollination It can be harvested after grouting in 22 days, supply listing in time after fruit picking；Grain is used or fodder maize will occur black after the disappearance of seed milk-line Crop highest when point.

2. cultivating method of crop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include: (seven) next year corn planting: use The mode of duplicate rows on the outside of two ridges ridge, i.e., maize planting is helped on ridge on the outside of two ridges of a unit, realizes that crop rotation plantation, leisure are supported Ground.

3. cultivating method of crop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include: implement before ridging earthing: 1, corrugate； On smooth good soil, compartment is opened by duplicate rows plant 130-150 centimetres of specification unwrapping wire of corn, in compartment face center along corn plant side To corrugate, 15-20 centimetres of ditch depth, 20-25 centimetres of furrow width.

2, it applies fertilizer；50-80 kilograms of soil conditioner；10-20 kilograms of organic carbon；

Or mu is with 3 kilograms of 1500 kilograms+probiotics of crushing straw；Or the farmyard manures such as pigs and cattle sheep dung, per acre with 3000 kilograms+benefit 3 kilograms of raw bacterium；Or with 150 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer；

Common Cultivation can use three 80 kilograms of material compound fertilizers (special compound fertilizer for corns).

4. cultivating method of crop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: (four) sow further include: cropping pattern is with two ridges For an assembly, the seeding corn seed by the way of the double grains of two ridge ridges inside duplicate rows width cave；

Sowing design density, mu are kept a full stand of seedings 3600~4000 plants, and by each corn variety planting density requirement, it is close can to increase plantation Degree 10%.Mu broadcasts 1800~2000 caves, 2, every cave；

Sow line-spacing, narrow row 40~50cm of line-spacing, 80~95cm of wide row line-spacing.

5. cultivating method of crop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: (five) field management further include:

1) top dressing: late June combines corn field to seal ridge, and mu applies 30 kilograms of urea；

Corn special foliar fertilizer sprays twice；Height is controlled with plant inducer when prosperous growth；

Instrument, i.e. application sound fertilizer are encouraged using sound wave；

When potassium content is lower in soil, potassium sulfate is imposed in the watery stage；

2) regulate and control: 10~12 leaf phases of corn, mu spray 1 30 grams of corn ton field treasured reverse-resisting yield-increasing agent, promote corn extraneous root, strengthen It is bar, anti-fall；

3) field management, insect prevention, foliage-spray booting fertilizer, grain filling fertilizer the corn high bar phase: are carried out.