CN115104395A - Method for improving continuous cropping soil of panax notoginseng - Google Patents
Method for improving continuous cropping soil of panax notoginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN115104395A CN115104395A CN202111561337.6A CN202111561337A CN115104395A CN 115104395 A CN115104395 A CN 115104395A CN 202111561337 A CN202111561337 A CN 202111561337A CN 115104395 A CN115104395 A CN 115104395A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping soil, which aims at the specific reasons of generation of continuous cropping obstacles of medicinal plants and comprises the following steps: the method provided by the invention effectively overcomes the continuous cropping obstacles of pseudo-ginseng and obviously improves the yield and quality of the continuous cropping land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal material planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping soil.
Background
Continuous cropping obstacles (continuous cropping obstacles) refer to the phenomena of reduced crop yield, deteriorated quality, deteriorated growth condition and aggravated plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuously planting the same crops on the same land for many years under normal management measures, the generation process of the continuous cropping obstacles of medicinal plants is very complicated and is a result of the combined action of various factors, and scholars at home and abroad propose different explanations from multiple angles:
(1) alteration of physical properties of soil
The physical properties of the soil are changed after the continuous cropping of the medicinal plants, the dynamic stability of the soil can be broken through the long-term continuous cropping, the granular structure is destroyed, the soil hardening occurs, the proportion of inactive pores of the soil is relatively reduced, the ventilation and water permeability performance is deteriorated, and CO is generated 2 And harmful gas are continuously accumulated around the root system, and when the concentration reaches a certain concentration, the root system poisoning is caused, so that the quality of the medicinal material is influenced.
(2) Alteration of soil chemistry
The soil acidification refers to a process that hydrogen ions are generated in soil and input from the outside of the soil to cause the reduction of the pH value of the soil and the reduction of the saturation degree of the salt base, which causes the dissolution and release of heavy metal elements in the soil, reduces the contents of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, effective boron, effective silicon and the like, and is not beneficial to the growth and development of medicinal plants.
(3) Unbalance of soil nutrient
As the medicinal plants have certain rules for the requirements of nutrient elements in soil in the growth process, and the distribution conditions of root systems of similar or related plants are similar, the root systems of the medicinal plants stay at the same soil layer depth approximately, and only the root systems are brought out by continuous cropping and cannot be supplemented, the loss or enrichment of certain elements in the soil is inevitably caused by long-term continuous cropping, so that the partial loss of soil nutrients is caused, the nutrient elements in the soil are unbalanced, and the normal growth of next plants is influenced. In addition, as a large number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in soil are more easily concerned by people and can be supplemented in time through fertilization, the medicinal plants have very strong competition on trace elements in the growth process and are possibly induced by external environments such as temperature, humidity and the like, so that the medicinal plants absorb a certain element in a specific period, form a 'barrel effect' after long-term vicious circle and are very unfavorable for the growth of the medicinal plants.
(4) Reduction of soil enzyme activity
The soil enzyme is used as an important component of a soil system, is a product of decomposition of animal and plant residues in soil, plant root secretion and soil microbial metabolism, is a special substance with catalytic activity, participates in biochemical processes such as decomposition of organic matters in soil, formation of humus and the like, and is comprehensive expression of soil quality and soil biological activity. The soil enzyme activity is influenced by soil properties and environmental conditions, can represent the vigorous degree of substance metabolism in soil, reflects the nutrient absorption and utilization conditions of plants to a certain extent, reduces the activity of most soil enzymes after continuous cropping, and is not beneficial to the health and stability of soil and the growth and development of medicinal plants.
(5) Increased pathogenic bacteria and decreased probiotic bacteria
Numerous research results indicate that soil microflora play an important role in soil ecosystem sustainability. After continuous cropping, the soil environment is changed, so that the soil environment is not suitable for the survival of most microorganisms gradually, the types and the quantity of the soil microorganisms are reduced, the environment is favorable for the invasion and the survival of harmful microorganisms, the beneficial microorganism amount in the soil is gradually reduced along with the increase of the continuous cropping age of the soil, and the harmful microorganism amount is gradually increased. Through long-term accumulation, plant rhizosphere is occupied by harmful microorganisms, the propagation of beneficial microorganisms is inhibited, serious soil-borne diseases such as root rot, black rot, rust rot, full rot, blight and the like are caused, and continuous cropping obstacles are finally formed.
In conclusion, medicinal plants have special chemical components and practical application relative to other crops, and are more prone to continuous cropping obstacles in the production process, so that the problem of the continuous cropping obstacles of the medicinal plants is necessary to be overcome.
Therefore, it is very critical to develop a method for improving the continuous cropping soil of panax notoginseng, which can solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving continuous cropping soil of panax notoginseng.
The object of the invention is achieved in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing the soil for 1-2 times by adopting a rotary cultivator;
(2) spreading quicklime according to 15 kg/mu, turning the soil for 1-2 times by using a rotary cultivator, and airing for 3-7 days;
(3) spreading potassium carbonate according to 20 kilograms per mu, turning the soil for 1-2 times by using a rotary cultivator, and then airing for 3-7 days;
(4) scattering a soil conditioner according to 20 kilograms per mu, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of humic acid powder, 8-10 parts of urea, 4-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of calcium chloride, 2-4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-2 parts of copper sulfate, 5-8 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2-6 parts of chitosan and 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate, and then ploughing the soil for 1-2 times by using a rotary cultivator.
(5) Sowing or transplanting seedlings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) for the modification of physical properties of soil
The soil conditioner provided by the invention can be combined with soil to form a water-stable granular structure due to the action of humic acid and calcium ions, so that soil hardening is eliminated, the ventilation and water permeability of the soil are improved, and the quality of continuous cropping medicinal materials is further improved.
(2) For alteration of soil chemistry
The potassium carbonate is added into the soil, is alkaline, can effectively improve the soil acidification problem, is rich in elements required by plants, can kill underground pests and germs, protects seeds, roots and stems, reduces plant diseases and insect pests, and prevents damping off, anthracnose, powdery mildew, fruit rust and other plant diseases.
(3) Aiming at the unbalance of soil nutrients
The soil conditioner provided by the invention is elaborately prepared with most of nutrient elements required in the growth process of pseudo-ginseng, and comprehensively supplements the soil nutrients, so that the nutrient elements in the soil are more balanced, the growth of pseudo-ginseng is promoted, and the continuous cropping obstacle of pseudo-ginseng is improved.
(4) Against reduction of soil enzyme activity
The method provided by the invention uses the biological bacterial fertilizer, and tests show that the activities of urease, neutral phosphatase and sucrase in the soil are increased after the fertilizer is applied, and the sucrase can convert sucrose in the soil into glucose and fructose which can be utilized by plants; urease is an enzyme playing an important role in urea conversion in soil and can represent the nitrogen supply capability of the soil; the phosphatase can enzymatically decompose various organic phosphorus and provide effective phosphorus for plant growth.
(5) Aiming at pathogenic bacteria increase and probiotic bacteria decrease
The method provided by the invention uses quicklime, and can effectively kill soil insects, soil-borne diseases, weeds, nematodes, soil insects, fungi, bacteria and the like by multiple plowing and long-time airing.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing the soil for 1-2 times by adopting a rotary cultivator;
(2) spreading quicklime according to 15 kg/mu, turning the soil for 1-2 times by using a rotary cultivator, and airing for 3-7 days;
(3) spreading potassium carbonate according to 20 kilograms per mu, turning the soil for 1-2 times by using a rotary cultivator, and then airing for 3-7 days;
(4) scattering a soil conditioner according to 20 kilograms per mu, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of humic acid powder, 8-10 parts of urea, 4-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of calcium chloride, 2-4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-2 parts of copper sulfate, 5-8 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2-6 parts of chitosan and 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate, and then ploughing the soil by a rotary cultivator for 1-2 times.
(5) Sowing or transplanting seedlings.
The components of the soil conditioner in the step (4) also comprise biological bacterial manure, and the strain of the biological bacterial manure is obtained by separating the soil of the pseudo-ginseng planting field.
Example 1:
(1) ploughing the soil for 1 time by adopting a rotary cultivator;
(2) spreading quicklime according to 15 kg/mu, turning the soil for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator, and then airing for 3 days;
(3) spreading potassium carbonate according to 20 kilograms per mu, turning the soil for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator, and then airing for 3 days;
(4) scattering a soil conditioner according to 20 kilograms per mu, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of humic acid powder, 8 parts of urea, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of copper sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of manganese sulfate and 8 parts of biological bacterial fertilizer, wherein the strain of the biological bacterial fertilizer is obtained by separating the soil of a pseudo-ginseng planting field, and then ploughing the soil for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator.
(5) Sowing or transplanting seedlings.
Example 2:
(1) ploughing the soil for 2 times by adopting a rotary cultivator;
(2) spreading quicklime according to 15 kg/mu, turning over the soil for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator, and airing for 5 days;
(3) spreading potassium carbonate according to 20 kilograms per mu, turning the soil for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator, and then airing for 5 days;
(4) scattering a soil conditioner according to 20 kilograms per mu, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 27 parts of humic acid powder, 9 parts of urea, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of copper sulfate, 6 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 4 parts of chitosan, 4 parts of manganese sulfate and 9 parts of biological bacterial fertilizer, wherein the strain of the biological bacterial fertilizer is obtained by separating the soil of a pseudo-ginseng planting field, and then ploughing the soil for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator.
(5) Sowing or transplanting seedlings.
Example 3:
(1) ploughing the soil for 2 times by adopting a rotary cultivator;
(2) spreading quicklime according to 15 kg/mu, turning over the soil for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator, and airing for 7 days;
(3) spreading potassium carbonate according to 20 kilograms per mu, turning the soil for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator, and then airing for 7 days;
(4) scattering a soil conditioner according to 20 kilograms per mu, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of humic acid powder, 10 parts of urea, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of calcium chloride, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of copper sulfate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 6 parts of chitosan, 5 parts of manganese sulfate and 10 parts of biological bacterial fertilizer, wherein the strain of the biological bacterial fertilizer is obtained by separating the soil of a pseudo-ginseng planting field, and then ploughing the soil for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator.
(5) Sowing or transplanting seedlings.
Test example 1
And (3) soil enzyme activity determination:
(1) sampling:
the soil with the measured soil enzyme activity is from the panax notoginseng continuous cropping land of Yunhong agricultural development (wenshan) Limited, and the seedling emergence rate of planted panax notoginseng is extremely low and the seedling storage rate is almost zero before the treatment by the method.
(2) Control experiment:
and (3) carrying out solarization sterilization after land preparation of continuous cropping ground, and setting 2 treatments in the experiment, wherein the treatments are respectively as follows: CK (blank) was not added to the soil conditioner of the invention; t (control group) 20 kg/mu soil conditioner and plowing twice.
The experimental results are as follows:
TABLE 1 enzymes Activity (mg/g) of Panax notoginseng planting soil under different treatments
| Treatment of | Urease | Phosphatase enzymes | Sucrase |
| ck | 0.005±0.001 | 0.033±0.001 | 0.191±0.011 |
| T | 0.065±0.011 | 0.054±0.005 | 0.585±0.075 |
Test example 2:
and (3) determining the emergence rate of the pseudo-ginseng:
the method comprises the following steps of detecting the emergence rate of panax notoginseng in the panax notoginseng continuous cropping land of Yunhong agricultural development (wenshan) Co., Ltd, and setting 2 treatments in the test, wherein the treatments are as follows: CK (blank group) does not do any treatment; t (control) soil was improved according to the method of example 2 of the present invention. The emergence rate was measured every 10 days, and three sets of experiments were performed.
The experimental results are as follows:
TABLE 2 emergence rate (%)
| Treatment of | 10d | 20d | 30d |
| ck | 28.2 | 30.5 | 33 |
| T | 61 | 83.5 | 88.7 |
Claims (3)
1. The method for improving the continuous cropping soil of the pseudo-ginseng is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) ploughing the soil for 1-2 times by adopting a rotary cultivator;
(2) spreading quicklime according to 15 kg/mu, turning the soil for 1-2 times by using a rotary cultivator, and airing for 3-7 days;
(3) spreading potassium carbonate according to 20 kilograms per mu, turning the soil for 1-2 times by using a rotary cultivator, and then airing for 3-7 days;
(4) scattering a soil conditioner according to 20 kilograms per mu, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of humic acid powder, 8-10 parts of urea, 4-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of calcium chloride, 2-4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-2 parts of copper sulfate, 5-8 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2-6 parts of chitosan and 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate, and then ploughing the soil for 1-2 times by using a rotary cultivator;
(5) sowing or transplanting seedlings.
2. The method for improving the continuous cropping soil of panax notoginseng according to claim 1, wherein the components of the soil conditioner in the step (4) further comprise biological bacterial manure.
3. The method for improving the continuous cropping soil of panax notoginseng according to claim 2, wherein the bacterial species of the biological bacterial manure is separated from the soil of the panax notoginseng planting field.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1983002877A1 (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-09-01 | KARSAI, József | Process and composition for controlled nourishing of agricultural plants |
| CN102487621A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-13 | 南京市土壤肥料站 | Method for efficiently reducing continuous cropping obstacles of facility soil |
| CN106069441A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 望江县农旺农业专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of high-quality Oryza sativa L. |
| CN107459410A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-12-12 | 安徽省陶寓米业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for promoting increasing production of rice |
| CN110521509A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-03 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | A kind of preventing control method of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN113214005A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-06 | 湖北倍得农业科技有限公司 | Composite soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-12-17 CN CN202111561337.6A patent/CN115104395A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1983002877A1 (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-09-01 | KARSAI, József | Process and composition for controlled nourishing of agricultural plants |
| CN102487621A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-13 | 南京市土壤肥料站 | Method for efficiently reducing continuous cropping obstacles of facility soil |
| CN106069441A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 望江县农旺农业专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of high-quality Oryza sativa L. |
| CN107459410A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-12-12 | 安徽省陶寓米业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for promoting increasing production of rice |
| CN110521509A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-03 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | A kind of preventing control method of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN113214005A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-06 | 湖北倍得农业科技有限公司 | Composite soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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