CN114080950B - Planting method for increasing fragrance of sunshine roses - Google Patents
Planting method for increasing fragrance of sunshine roses Download PDFInfo
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- CN114080950B CN114080950B CN202111338793.4A CN202111338793A CN114080950B CN 114080950 B CN114080950 B CN 114080950B CN 202111338793 A CN202111338793 A CN 202111338793A CN 114080950 B CN114080950 B CN 114080950B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for increasing fragrance of a sunshine rose, which comprises the following steps: step one, shaping and trimming; secondly, deep fertilization; thirdly, thinning flowers and fruits; fourthly, foliar fertilizer is applied to leaves, first foliar fertilizer is applied, alginic acid and trace element boron fertilizer are sprayed before the flower catkins bloom, and the foliar fertilizer and the trace element boron fertilizer are continuously applied for 2 to 3 times at intervals of 7 to 10 days; applying alginic acid and phosphate fertilizer before bagging for the second time of leaf fertilizer; fifthly, in the fruit cell division period; sixthly, in the fruit expanding and color changing period, 50-100kg of alginic acid and high-calcium and high-potassium fertilizer is applied to each mu within 20-30 days before color changing; and seventhly, managing the plant diseases and insect pests. The alginic acid effectively stimulates the activity of a defensive enzyme system in a grape plant, and adopts a progressive mode, so that the grapes are concentrated to produce terpenoids in the early stage of picking, the fragrance in the fruits of the sunshine muscat is improved, the yield is ensured, the fragrance of the grapes is increased, and the quality of the grapes is effectively ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting technology of sunshine rose grapes, in particular to a planting method for increasing aroma of sunshine roses.
Background
The sunshine rose, also known as Shine-Muscat Grape, is a Grape kiss by sunshine, has a light ring, is large in grain, crisp in meat, high in sugar, strong in fragrance, and also is durable in storage and transportation, and is a peak in the field of Grape breeding. However, due to planting technical reasons, many sun roses are "sun rose-only", and have insufficient or no fragrance. The insufficient fragrance of rose sunshine mainly has the following reasons:
1. the yield per mu is controlled, the fragrance of the sunshine rose is excellent when the yield per mu is controlled to be 1.2 tons, when the yield is higher than 1.5 tons, the fragrance is lower, the fragrance loss of the sunshine rose is serious when the yield is higher than 2 tons, the fragrance is hardly tasted when the yield is higher than 2.5 tons, and if the fragrance is strong, the harvesting time is prolonged, but fruit rust often appears. 2. The weight of the fruit cluster and the size of the fruit grain are controlled, the fruit cluster with the weight of less than 800 g has strong fragrance, the fruit cluster with the weight of more than 800 g affects the fragrance, and the larger the fruit cluster is, the lighter the fragrance is, even the fragrance is not. Fruit rust is also easily generated. Fruit with a particle size of 14 g or less can have a strong flavor, while a particle weight of 14 g or more can affect the flavor, with larger particles having a weaker or even no flavor. 3. Balanced fertilization and application of high-quality organic fertilizer are focused on balanced fertilization, the fruit in the expanding period is properly added with potassium to have stronger fragrance, the fragrance is influenced by more nitrogen and less potassium, and the fragrance is lighter when more nitrogen fertilizer is applied. The application of the high-quality organic fertilizer is beneficial to increasing the sugar degree and the fragrance, and the less the application amount of the organic fertilizer is, the lighter the fragrance is, and even no fragrance is generated.
The weight of the cluster is less than 800 g, the aroma is stronger, the weight of the cluster is more than 800 g, the aroma is influenced, and the larger the cluster is, the lighter the aroma is, and even the aroma is not. Fruit rust is also easily generated. Fruit with a particle size of 14 g or less can have a strong flavor, while a particle weight of 14 g or more can affect the flavor, with larger particles having a weaker or even no flavor. Therefore, the problem that the flavor of grapes is affected when the yield per mu exceeds 2 tons is urgently solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a sunshine rose aroma-increasing planting method which can improve the yield of grapes and can ensure the aroma of the grapes.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a planting method for increasing fragrance of a sunshine rose comprises the following steps:
step one, shaping and trimming: when seedlings sprout in spring, erasing first-batch buds including weak buds and deformed buds to reserve healthy buds, erasing for the second time when the buds grow to 3-5cm after sprouting, reserving new tips with strong growth vigor, binding and guiding the new tips along an iron wire by using a cloth tape when the new tips grow to more than 20 cm, pinching when the new tips grow to 1.5-2m, germinating secondary tips at the pinching positions, selecting branches with uniform growth at two angles from the branches, and taking the secondary tips with vigorous growth vigor as main branches; the two main branches are perpendicular to the iron wire, and branches of the main branches are fixed on the iron wire in opposite directions respectively;
step two, deep fertilization: applying a first fertilizer before spring beginning and sprouting, uniformly digging a groove with the width of 30-40cm and the depth of 40-50cm at a position 20-30cm outside a dripping line of a crown of a tree body, then putting a required fertilizer into the groove, putting a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer, a trace element and an alginic acid fertilizer into the groove, wherein the ratio of the sum of the weight of the balance fertilizer, the trace element and the alginic acid fertilizer which are put in each tree for a long time in one year to the diameter of the crown is 2-4kg/1m, the weight ratio of the balance fertilizer, the trace element and the alginic acid fertilizer is 2-6;
thirdly, thinning flowers and fruits, namely thinning the flower buds for the first time before the flower buds bloom, keeping the flower buds at intervals in layers, removing the flower buds with weak growth, deformity and malnutrition, thinning the vegetables for the second time after the flower buds bloom and bear fruits, removing strong fruits, small fruits and malformed fruits, and immediately preventing and treating diseases after thinning the flowers and the fruits;
fourthly, foliar fertilizer is applied to leaves, first foliar fertilizer is applied, alginic acid and trace element boron fertilizer are sprayed before the flower catkins bloom, and the foliar fertilizer and the trace element boron fertilizer are continuously applied for 2 to 3 times at intervals of 7 to 10 days; applying alginic acid and phosphate fertilizer before bagging for the second time of leaf fertilizer;
fifthly, applying the alginic acid water flush fertilizer once in the fruit cell division period and the fruit growth period without 15-30 days, wherein 30-60kg of alginic acid water flush fertilizer is applied per mu;
sixthly, in the fruit color changing period, applying 50-100kg of alginic acid and high-calcium and high-potassium fertilizer per mu within 20-30 days before color changing;
seventhly, managing diseases and insect pests, namely spraying the agent for 4-7 times from the beginning of germination to the picking of fruits, and manually weeding the powdery mildew, the downy mildew, the rust disease and the insect pests.
The grape cultivation method has the advantages that the alginic acid is used for stimulating grape plants step by step, so that the activity of a defense enzyme system in the grape plants is excited, terpenoids, shikimic acid pathway derivatives, aliphatic C6 compounds, volatile mercaptan, methoxypyrazine and other organic compounds are intensively released by the grapes when the grapes are picked, the rose fragrance in the grapes is improved, the yield of the grapes is guaranteed by combining the management of fertilizer water and plant diseases and insect pests, the acre yield of the grapes can break through 3 tons while the fragrance is guaranteed, and the benefit of the sunshine rose is effectively guaranteed.
Furthermore, the content of alginic acid of the first-time foliar fertilizer is 5-10%, and the alginic acid and trace element boron fertilizer are diluted by 500-1000 times and sprayed on the surface of the plant, so that the leaves can enhance the cold resistance, the influence of the temperature difference between day and night on the plant is reduced, and the germination of the plant can be promoted, therefore, the absorption of the flower floc on nutrition can be improved, the growth and development effects of grape plants can be conveniently adjusted in the process, the storage of the flower floc on energy is improved, and the blooming effect of the flower floc is improved.
Further, the content of alginic acid of the second foliar fertilizer is 10-20%, and the content of phosphate fertilizer is 75% of monopotassium phosphate, and the two are diluted by 1000 times and sprayed on the surface of the plant. The process is used for improving the capability of blooming and pollination of the flower batting, and can be used for accelerating or delaying the time point of blooming of the flower batting in advance when extreme weather comes, so that the effect of blooming and pollination is improved, flower bud differentiation is promoted, the fruit setting rate is improved, fruit drop is reduced, and the yield of grapes and the uniformity of pollination of fruit grains are ensured.
Further, the weight ratio of the balance fertilizer to the trace elements to the alginic acid fertilizer during the deep layer fertilization is (5). The alginic acid in the process is used for promoting the development of the root system of the sunshine rose plant, improving the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients and water, and ensuring the nutrition accumulation for flowering and fruit setting.
Further, the organic fertilizer is decomposed chicken manure or pig, cattle and sheep manure.
Further, the ratio of the alginic acid and the high-calcium high-potassium fertilizer applied before color conversion is 50:1; the high-calcium high-potassium fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer of monopotassium phosphate and calcium superphosphate, and waste materials are diluted by 500-1000 times and then are sprayed and bagged. In the process, alginic acid mainly has the effects of increasing soil nutrients and increasing the soil nutrients, so that the alginic acid plays a role in promoting the development of plant root systems and further plays a role in improving the quality of the sunshine rose grapes; the photosynthesis is promoted, and the alginic acid can also increase the content of chlorophyll of the plants and improve the photosynthesis efficiency; the yield is improved, and the alginic acid can also promote the division and development of fruit cell walls and improve the function and effect of fruit enlargement, thereby greatly improving the yield of grapes; increase fragrant smell, make the root system of plant receive the stimulation of alginic acid efficient, make the activity of the internal defence enzyme system of sunshine rose grape plant obtain arousing, improve the synthesis of grape whole plant, the leaf, fruit and root system cell to terpenoid organic matter, and through the transport of plant vascular bundle, make terpenoid organic matter accumulate in the fruit, and then guaranteed grape taste and fragrant smell, played the effect that increases fragrant smell, toughness of fruit inflation in-process has been guaranteed to high calcium and high potassium simultaneously, avoid the fruit to break, the accumulation of glucose has been guaranteed to high potassium.
Further, the medicament is sprayed for 5 times from the beginning of germination to after fruit picking:
the first medicament is diluted 1000 times by 75% thiophanate methyl, 1000 times by 75% mancozeb and 2000 times by 5% emamectin benzoate before germination;
the second agent is applied in the early stage of blooming of the catkin and is diluted 1500 times by 20% pyraclostrobin, 3000 times by 43% fluopyram trifloxystrobin and 1000 times by 1.8% abamectin;
the third medicament is applied before bagging, and is 3000 times diluted by 43 percent of fluopyram-trifloxystrobin, 1000 times diluted by 20 percent of cyazofamid, 5 percent of indoxacarb and 1000 times diluted by 2.5 percent of beta-cypermethrin;
the fourth medicament is prepared by diluting 20 percent of ethirimol, 80 percent of mancozeb, 25 percent of thiamethoxam and 10 percent of bifenthrin by 1000 times 20 to 30 days after bagging;
the fifth medicament is applied 20 to 30 days before picking, and is diluted 3000 times by 43 percent of fluopyram and trifloxystrobin, 1000 times by 20 percent of cyazofamid, 1000 times by 20 percent of bupirimate, 1000 times by 20 percent of acetamiprid and 1000 times by 1.8 percent of abamectin. The healthy growth of plants is effectively guaranteed in the process, the influence of plant diseases and insect pests on the plants is avoided, the completeness of grape leaves is guaranteed, the photosynthesis of the plants is improved, and favorable conditions are provided for the synthesis of subsequent terpenoid organic matters.
Furthermore, the manual weeding adopts a ploughing machine to weed, and the opposite side of the weed to be output is at the bottom of the plant. Can provide nutrition for grape plants, reduce the loss of nutrient components in the soil and play a role in loosening the soil.
Furthermore, the cabbages are planted on two sides of the plants before the fruit expansion and color change period, so that the growth and development of the grape root system are facilitated, and the damage to the root system can be reduced.
The invention has the following characteristics: the alginic acid effectively stimulates the activity of a defensive enzyme system in a grape plant, and a progressive mode is adopted, so that the grapes intensively produce terpenoids at the early stage of picking, the fragrance in the sunshine rose grape fruits is improved, the yield is ensured, the fragrance of the grapes is increased, and the quality of the grapes is effectively ensured.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Example one
A planting method for increasing fragrance of a sunshine rose comprises the following steps:
step one, shaping and trimming: when seedlings sprout in spring, erasing first-batch buds including weak buds and deformed buds to reserve healthy buds, erasing for the second time when the buds grow to 3-5cm after sprouting, reserving new tips with strong growth vigor, binding and guiding the new tips along an iron wire by using a cloth tape when the new tips grow to more than 20 cm, pinching when the new tips grow to 1.5-2m, germinating secondary tips at the pinching positions, selecting branches with uniform growth at two angles from the branches, and taking the secondary tips with vigorous growth vigor as main branches; the two main branches are perpendicular to the iron wire, and branches of the main branches are fixed on the iron wire in opposite directions respectively;
step two, deep fertilization: applying a first fertilizer before germination in spring beginning, uniformly digging a groove with the width of 30-40cm and the depth of 40-50cm at a position 20-30cm outside a dripping line of a crown of a tree body, then putting the required fertilizer into the groove, and adding a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer, a trace element and an alginic acid fertilizer into the groove, wherein the ratio of the sum of the weight of the balance fertilizer, the trace element and the alginic acid fertilizer to the diameter of the crown is 2-4kg/1m for each plant, the weight ratio of the balance fertilizer, the trace element and the alginic acid fertilizer is 2-6; the weight ratio of the balance fertilizer to the trace elements to the alginic acid fertilizer is 5.5. The alginic acid in the process is used for promoting the development of the root system of the sunshine rose plant, improving the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients and water, and ensuring the nutrition accumulation for flowering and fruit setting.
Thirdly, thinning flowers and fruits, namely thinning the flower buds for the first time before the flower buds bloom, keeping the flower buds at intervals in layers, removing the flower buds with weak growth, deformity and malnutrition, thinning the vegetables for the second time after the flower buds bloom and bear fruits, removing strong fruits, small fruits and malformed fruits, and immediately preventing and treating diseases after thinning the flowers and the fruits;
fourthly, foliar fertilizer is applied, first foliar fertilizer is applied, alginic acid and trace element boron fertilizer are sprayed before the flower catkins bloom, and the foliar fertilizer and the trace element boron fertilizer are continuously applied for 2 to 3 times at intervals of 7 to 10 days; the first time foliar fertilizer contains 5-10% of alginic acid, is diluted with trace element boron fertilizer by 500-1000 times and is sprayed on the surface of a plant, so that the leaves can conveniently enhance the cold resistance, the influence of the temperature difference between day and night on the plant is reduced, and the plant germination promotion effect can be realized, therefore, the absorption of the flower catkins on nutrition can be improved, the growth and development effects of grape plants can be conveniently adjusted, the storage of the flower catkins on energy is improved, and the flowering effect of the flower catkins is improved.
Applying alginic acid and phosphate fertilizer before bagging for the second time of foliar fertilizer; the second foliar fertilizer contains 10-20% of alginic acid and 75% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the two are diluted 1000 times and sprayed on the surface of plants. The process is used for improving the capability of flowering and pollination of the flower batting, and can be used for accelerating or delaying the time point of flowering of the flower batting in advance when extreme weather comes, so that the effect of flowering and pollination is improved, flower bud differentiation is promoted, the fruit setting rate is improved, the fruit drop is reduced, and the yield of grapes and the uniformity of fruit grain pollination are ensured.
Fifthly, applying alginic acid water flush fertilizer once in the fruit cell division period and the fruit growth period without 15-30 days, wherein 40kg of alginic acid water flush fertilizer is applied per mu;
sixthly, in the fruit expanding and color changing period, 50kg of alginic acid and high-calcium and high-potassium fertilizer is applied to each mu within 20-30 days before color changing; the proportion of alginic acid and high-calcium and high-potassium fertilizer applied before color conversion is 50:1; the high-calcium high-potassium fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer of monopotassium phosphate and calcium superphosphate, and waste materials are diluted by 500-1000 times and then are sprayed and bagged. In the process, alginic acid mainly has the effects of increasing soil nutrients and increasing the soil nutrients, so that the alginic acid plays a role in promoting the development of plant root systems and further plays a role in improving the quality of the sunshine rose grapes; the photosynthesis is promoted, and the alginic acid can also increase the content of phytoalexin and improve the photosynthesis efficiency; the yield is improved, and the alginic acid can also promote the division and development of fruit cell walls and improve the function and effect of fruit enlargement, thereby greatly improving the yield of grapes; increase fragrant smell, make the root system of plant receive the stimulation of alginic acid efficient, make the activity of the internal defense enzyme system of sunshine muscat plant obtain arousing, improve the whole plant of grape, the synthesis of leaf, fruit and root system cell to terpenoid organic matter, and through the transport of plant vascular bundle, make terpenoid organic matter accumulate in the fruit, and then guaranteed grape taste and fragrant smell, played the effect that increases fragrant smell, high calcium and high potassium have guaranteed the toughness of fruit inflation in-process simultaneously, avoid the fruit to break, the high potassium has guaranteed the accumulation of glucose.
Seventhly, managing the diseases and insect pests, namely spraying the pesticide for 4-7 times from the beginning of germination to the picking of the fruits, and manually weeding the powdery mildew, the downy mildew, the rust disease and the insect pests.
In this example, the agent is sprayed 5 times from the beginning of germination to after fruit picking:
the first agent is diluted 1000 times by 75 percent thiophanate methyl, 1000 times by 75 percent mancozeb and 2000 times by 5 percent emamectin benzoate before germination;
the second agent is applied in the early stage of blooming of the catkin and is diluted by 1500 times by 20 percent pyraclostrobin, 3000 times by 43 percent fluopyram trifloxystrobin and 1000 times by 1.8 percent abamectin;
the third medicament is applied before bagging, and is 3000 times diluted by 43 percent of fluopyram-trifloxystrobin, 1000 times diluted by 20 percent of cyazofamid, 5 percent of indoxacarb and 1000 times diluted by 2.5 percent of beta-cypermethrin;
the fourth medicament is diluted by 1000 times 20 to 30 days after bagging, 20 percent of ethirimol, 80 percent of mancozeb, 25 percent of thiamethoxam and 10 percent of bifenthrin are applied;
the fifth medicament is applied 20-30 days before picking, and is diluted 3000 times by 43 percent of fluopyram-trifloxystrobin, 1000 times by 20 percent of cyazofamid, 1000 times by 20 percent of bupirimate, 1000 times by 20 percent of acetamiprid and 1000 times by 1.8 percent of abamectin. The healthy growth of plant has been effectually guaranteed to this in-process, avoids the influence of plant diseases and insect pests to the plant, guarantees the intact of grape leaf, has improved the photosynthesis of plant, provides the advantage for the synthesis of follow-up terpenoid organic matter.
Preferably, the manual weeding is carried out by a cultivator, and the grown weed is planted at the bottom of the plant. Can provide nutrition for grape plants, reduce the loss of nutrient components in soil and play a role in loosening the soil.
According to the scheme, alginic acid is used for stimulating grape plants gradually, so that the activity of a defense enzyme system in the grape plants is excited, terpenoids, shikimic acid pathway derivatives, aliphatic C6 compounds, volatile mercaptan, methoxypyrazine and other organic compounds are intensively released by the grapes during picking, rose fragrance in the grapes is improved, the yield of the grapes is guaranteed by combining the management of fertilizer water and plant diseases and insect pests, the acre yield of the grapes can break through 3 tons while the fragrance is guaranteed, and the benefit of the sunshine roses is effectively guaranteed.
The application of alginic acid effectively stimulates the activity of a defensive enzyme system in a grape plant, and adopts a progressive mode, so that the grapes are concentrated to generate terpenoids in the early stage of picking, the fragrance in the sunshine rose grape fruits is improved, the yield is ensured, the fragrance of the grapes is increased, and the quality of the grapes is effectively ensured.
Example two
A planting method for increasing fragrance of a sunshine rose comprises the following steps:
step one, shaping and trimming: when seedlings germinate in spring, erasing first-batch buds comprising weak buds and deformed buds to keep healthy buds, performing second-time erasing when the buds grow to 5cm after germination, keeping strong and strong new tips, binding and guiding the new tips along an iron wire by using a cloth tape when the new tips grow to 25cm, pinching when the new tips grow to 2m, allowing secondary tips to germinate at the pinching position, selecting branches with uniform growth at two angles from the branches, and taking the vigorously grown secondary tips as main branches; the two main branches are perpendicular to the iron wire, and branches of the main branches are fixed on the iron wire in opposite directions;
step two, deep fertilization: applying a first fertilizer before germination in spring beginning, uniformly digging a groove with the width of 37cm and the depth of 45cm at a position 25cm outside a dripping line of a crown of a tree body, then putting the required fertilizer into the groove, and putting a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer, a trace element and an alginic acid fertilizer into the groove, wherein the ratio of the total weight of the balance fertilizer, the trace element and the alginic acid fertilizer which are put into each tree for a long time of growth per year to the diameter of the crown is 3kg/1m, the weight ratio of the balance fertilizer, the trace element and the alginic acid fertilizer is 2-6 to 1-4, and 10-30kg of organic fertilizer is applied per year, wherein the organic fertilizer is rotten chicken manure or pig, cattle and sheep manure; preferably, in the embodiment, the weight ratio of the balance fertilizer to the trace elements to the alginic acid fertilizer is 4.7; the alginic acid in the process is used for promoting the development of the root system of the rose plants, improving the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients and water, and ensuring the nutrition accumulation for flowering and fruit setting.
Thirdly, thinning flowers and fruits, namely thinning the flowers and the fruits for the first time before the flowers and the fruits bloom, keeping the flowers and the fruits at intervals in a layered manner, removing the flowers and the fruits with weak growth, deformity and malnutrition, thinning the vegetables and the fruits for the second time after the flowers and the fruits bloom and the fruits are set, removing strong fruits, small fruits and malformed fruits, and timely preventing and treating diseases after thinning the flowers and the fruits;
fourthly, foliar fertilizer application is carried out, a first foliar fertilizer is applied, alginic acid and trace element boron fertilizer are sprayed before the flower catkin flowers bloom, the foliar fertilizer is continuously applied for 2 times at an interval of 7 days, the alginic acid content of the first foliar fertilizer is 5%, and the foliar fertilizer and the trace element boron fertilizer are diluted by 800 times and sprayed on the surfaces of plants, so that the effect of enhancing cold resistance of the leaves is facilitated, the influence of day and night temperature difference on the plants is reduced, and the plant germination can be promoted, therefore, the absorption of the flower catkin to nutrition can be improved, the growth and development effects of grape plants can be conveniently adjusted in the process, the energy storage of the flower catkin is improved, and the flower catkin blooming effect is improved; and (3) applying alginic acid and phosphate fertilizer before bagging for the second time of foliar fertilizer, wherein the alginic acid content of the second time of foliar fertilizer is 12%, and the phosphate fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the content of 75%, and the two are diluted by 1000 times and then sprayed on the surface of the plant. The process is used for improving the capability of flowering and pollination of the flower batting, and can be used for accelerating or delaying the time point of flowering of the flower batting in advance when extreme weather comes, so that the effect of flowering and pollination is improved, flower bud differentiation is promoted, the fruit setting rate is improved, the fruit drop is reduced, and the yield of grapes and the uniformity of fruit grain pollination are ensured.
Fifthly, applying the alginic acid water flush fertilizer once every 20 days in the fruit cell division period and the fruit growth period, wherein 50kg of the alginic acid water flush fertilizer is applied to each mu of the fruits; can promote the growth of plant root system and improve the absorption and utilization of soil nutrient and water.
Sixthly, in the fruit expanding and color changing period, 80kg of alginic acid and high-calcium and high-potassium fertilizer is applied within 30 days before color changing; the proportion of alginic acid and high-calcium and high-potassium fertilizer applied before color conversion is 50:1; the high-calcium high-potassium fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer of monopotassium phosphate and calcium superphosphate, and waste materials are diluted by 1000 times and then are subjected to bag spraying; in the process, alginic acid mainly has the effects of increasing soil nutrients and increasing the soil nutrients, so that the alginic acid plays a role in promoting the development of plant root systems and further plays a role in improving the quality of the sunshine rose grapes; the photosynthesis is promoted, and the alginic acid can also increase the content of phytoalexin and improve the photosynthesis efficiency; the yield is improved, and the alginic acid can also promote the division and development of fruit cell walls and improve the function and effect of fruit enlargement, thereby greatly improving the yield of the grapes; increase fragrant smell, make the root system of plant receive the stimulation of alginic acid efficient, make the activity of the internal defense enzyme system of sunshine muscat plant obtain arousing, improve the whole plant of grape, the synthesis of leaf, fruit and root system cell to terpenoid organic matter, and through the transport of plant vascular bundle, make terpenoid organic matter accumulate in the fruit, and then guaranteed grape taste and fragrant smell, played the effect that increases fragrant smell, high calcium and high potassium have guaranteed the toughness of fruit inflation in-process simultaneously, avoid the fruit to break, the high potassium has guaranteed the accumulation of glucose.
Seventhly, managing diseases and insect pests, namely spraying agents for 4-7 times from germination to fruit picking for preventing and treating powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust disease and insect pests, carrying out artificial weeding by adopting a ploughing machine, and enabling the opposite side of the weed to be at the bottom of a plant; can provide nutrition for grape plants, reduce the loss of nutrient components in soil and play a role in loosening the soil.
In this example, the agent is sprayed 5 times from the beginning of germination to after fruit picking:
the first agent is diluted 1000 times by 75 percent thiophanate methyl, 1000 times by 75 percent mancozeb and 2000 times by 5 percent emamectin benzoate before germination;
the second agent is applied in the early stage of blooming of the catkin and is diluted 1500 times by 20% pyraclostrobin, 3000 times by 43% fluopyram trifloxystrobin and 1000 times by 1.8% abamectin;
the third medicament is applied before bagging, and is 3000 times diluted by 43 percent of fluopyram-trifloxystrobin, 1000 times diluted by 20 percent of cyazofamid, 5 percent of indoxacarb and 1000 times diluted by 2.5 percent of beta-cypermethrin;
for the fourth medicament, 20 percent of ethirimol, 80 percent of mancozeb, 25 percent of thiamethoxam and 10 percent of bifenthrin are diluted by 1000 times after bagging for 20 days;
the fifth medicament is applied 25 days before picking, and is diluted 3000 times by 43 percent of fluopyram-trifloxystrobin, 1000 times by 20 percent of cyazofamid, 1000 times by 20 percent of bupirimate, 1000 times by 20 percent of acetamiprid and 1000 times by 1.8 percent of abamectin. The healthy growth of plants is effectively guaranteed in the process, the influence of plant diseases and insect pests on the plants is avoided, the completeness of grape leaves is guaranteed, the photosynthesis of the plants is improved, and favorable conditions are provided for the synthesis of subsequent terpenoid organic matters.
In this embodiment, the chinese cabbage is planted to the both sides of plant before the fruit expands to change the look phase, and the growth and development of the grape root system of being convenient for can reduce the injury to the root system simultaneously.
According to the scheme, alginic acid is used for stimulating grape plants gradually, so that the activity of a defense enzyme system in the grape plants is excited, terpenoids, shikimic acid pathway derivatives, aliphatic C6 compounds, volatile mercaptan, methoxypyrazine and other organic compounds are intensively released by the grapes during picking, rose fragrance in the grapes is improved, the yield of the grapes is guaranteed by combining the management of fertilizer water and plant diseases and insect pests, the acre yield of the grapes can break through 3 tons while the fragrance is guaranteed, and the benefit of the sunshine roses is effectively guaranteed.
The application of the alginic acid effectively stimulates the activity of a defensive enzyme system in a grape plant, and a progressive mode is adopted, so that the grapes intensively generate terpenoids in the early stage of picking, the fragrance in the sunshine rose grape fruits is improved, the yield is ensured, the fragrance of the grapes is increased, and the quality of the grapes is effectively ensured.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that:
step two, deep fertilization: applying a first fertilizer before germination in spring, uniformly digging a groove with the width of 37cm and the depth of 45cm at a position 25cm outside a dripping line of a tree crown, then putting the required fertilizer into the groove, and adding a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer, a trace element and an alginic acid fertilizer into the groove, wherein the weight ratio of the balance fertilizer to the trace element to the alginic acid fertilizer is (2-6); preferably, in the embodiment, the weight ratio of the balance fertilizer to the trace elements to the alginic acid fertilizer is 4.7; the alginic acid in the process is used for promoting the development of the root system of the rose plants, improving the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients and water, and ensuring the nutrition accumulation for flowering and fruit setting.
Thirdly, thinning flowers and fruits, namely thinning the flower buds for the first time before the flower buds bloom, keeping the flower buds at intervals in layers, removing the flower buds with weak growth, deformity and malnutrition, thinning the vegetables for the second time after the flower buds bloom and bear fruits, removing strong fruits, small fruits and malformed fruits, and immediately preventing and treating diseases after thinning the flowers and the fruits;
fourthly, foliar fertilizer application is carried out, a first foliar fertilizer is applied, alginic acid and trace element boron fertilizer are sprayed before the flower catkin flowers bloom, the foliar fertilizer is continuously applied for 2 times at an interval of 7 days, the alginic acid content of the first foliar fertilizer is 10%, and the foliar fertilizer and the trace element boron fertilizer are diluted by 1000 times and sprayed on the surfaces of plants, so that the effect of enhancing cold resistance of the leaves is facilitated, the influence of day and night temperature difference on the plants is reduced, and the plant germination is promoted, therefore, the absorption of the flower catkin to nutrition can be improved, the growth and development effects of grape plants are conveniently adjusted in the process, the storage of the flower catkin to energy is improved, and the blooming effect of the flower catkin is improved; alginic acid and phosphate fertilizer are applied to the second foliar fertilizer before bagging, the content of alginic acid in the second foliar fertilizer is 15 percent, and the phosphate fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the content of 75 percent, and the second foliar fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are diluted by 1000 times and then sprayed on the surface of a plant. The process is used for improving the capability of blooming and pollination of the flower batting, and can be used for accelerating or delaying the time point of blooming of the flower batting in advance when extreme weather comes, so that the effect of blooming and pollination is improved, flower bud differentiation is promoted, the fruit setting rate is improved, fruit drop is reduced, and the yield of grapes and the uniformity of pollination of fruit grains are ensured.
Fifthly, applying the alginic acid water flush fertilizer once in the fruit cell division period and the fruit growth period without 20 days, wherein 80kg of alginic acid water flush fertilizer is applied per mu; the alginic acid can promote the root development of the grapes and improve the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients and water.
Sixthly, in the fruit color changing period, applying 100kg of alginic acid and high-calcium and high-potassium fertilizer per mu in 30 days before color changing; the proportion of alginic acid and high-calcium and high-potassium fertilizer applied before color conversion is 50:1; the high-calcium high-potassium fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer of monopotassium phosphate and calcium superphosphate, and waste materials are diluted by 1000 times and then are subjected to bag spraying; in the process, alginic acid mainly has the effects of increasing soil nutrients and increasing the soil nutrients, so that the alginic acid plays a role in promoting the development of plant root systems and further plays a role in improving the quality of the sunshine rose grapes; the photosynthesis is promoted, and the alginic acid can also increase the content of chlorophyll of the plants and improve the photosynthesis efficiency; the yield is improved, and the alginic acid can also promote the division and development of fruit cell walls and improve the function and effect of fruit enlargement, thereby greatly improving the yield of the grapes; increase fragrant smell, make the root system of plant receive the stimulation of alginic acid efficient, make the activity of the internal defence enzyme system of sunshine rose grape plant obtain arousing, improve the synthesis of grape whole plant, the leaf, fruit and root system cell to terpenoid organic matter, and through the transport of plant vascular bundle, make terpenoid organic matter accumulate in the fruit, and then guaranteed grape taste and fragrant smell, played the effect that increases fragrant smell, toughness of fruit inflation in-process has been guaranteed to high calcium and high potassium simultaneously, avoid the fruit to break, the accumulation of glucose has been guaranteed to high potassium.
Seventhly, managing diseases and insect pests, namely spraying agents for 4-7 times from germination to fruit picking for preventing and treating powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust disease and insect pests, carrying out artificial weeding by adopting a ploughing machine, and enabling the opposite side of the weed to be at the bottom of a plant; can provide nutrition for grape plants, reduce the loss of nutrient components in soil and play a role in loosening the soil.
In this example, the agent is sprayed 5 times from the beginning of germination to after fruit picking:
the first medicament is diluted 1000 times by 75% thiophanate methyl, 1000 times by 75% mancozeb and 2000 times by 5% emamectin benzoate before germination; the grape leaf fertilizer is mainly used for preventing plant damage caused by plant diseases and insect pests, ensuring the integrity of grape leaves, facilitating the photosynthesis of the grape leaves and providing nutrition for the growth and development of plants;
the second agent is applied in the early stage of blooming of the catkin and is diluted 1500 times by 20% pyraclostrobin, 3000 times by 43% fluopyram trifloxystrobin and 1000 times by 1.8% abamectin; the normal growth and development of the flower catkins are ensured, the influence of diseases on the flower catkins is reduced, the healthy flowering and fruit setting of the flower catkins are ensured, and the disease and insect damage to young fruits is avoided;
the third medicament is applied before bagging, and is 3000 times diluted by 43 percent of fluopyram-trifloxystrobin, 1000 times diluted by 20 percent of cyazofamid, 5 percent of indoxacarb and 1000 times diluted by 2.5 percent of beta-cypermethrin; the pesticide is applied before bagging, so that the situation that young fruits with germs are reserved in the bag to influence subsequent prevention and control and the quality of fruits is avoided, fruit clusters can be soaked in the liquid medicine for 3-5 seconds before bagging according to the use requirement, the situation that no germs are infected when bagging is carried out is guaranteed, the sterilization and insect prevention effects are improved, and the quality is effectively guaranteed.
For the fourth medicament, 20 percent of ethirimol, 80 percent of mancozeb, 25 percent of thiamethoxam and 10 percent of bifenthrin are diluted by 1000 times after the fourth medicament is bagged for 25 days; the grape leaf fertilizer is mainly used for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests to grape leaves, ensures healthy growth of plants, facilitates photosynthesis of the leaves, improves absorption of nutrient components, improves transpiration tension of the plants, and improves conveying and storage of the plants to nutrient substances.
The fifth medicament is applied 30 days before picking, and is diluted 3000 times by 43 percent of fluopyram and trifloxystrobin, 1000 times by 20 percent of cyazofamid, 1000 times by 20 percent of bupirimate, 1000 times by 20 percent of acetamiprid and 1000 times by 1.8 percent of abamectin; the healthy growth of plants is effectively guaranteed in the process, the influence of plant diseases and insect pests on the plants is avoided, the completeness of grape leaves is guaranteed, the photosynthesis of the plants is improved, and favorable conditions are provided for the synthesis of subsequent terpenoid organic matters.
In this embodiment, the chinese cabbage is planted to the both sides of plant before the fruit expands to change the look phase, and the growth and development of the grape root system of being convenient for can reduce the injury to the root system simultaneously.
Example four
The embodiment is a comparative example, the operation steps of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment, and the difference is that the alginic acid foliar fertilizer adopts a conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium foliar fertilizer, the alginic acid flush fertilizer adopts a compound fertilizer, grapes in the embodiments of the invention are subjected to yield measurement and statistical analysis, fruit particles are randomly sampled and subjected to fruit particle weighing to calculate an average value, the sugar degree in the grapes is detected by a sugar degree measuring instrument, terpenoids in the grapes are analyzed by gas chromatography, the peak area is calculated to obtain the content of the terpenoids, and in the measuring process by adopting gas chromatography, sunshine muscat of the same variety in the market is adopted as a standard sample to be subjected to comparative analysis calculation, and taste is tasted.
The fruit grain weight of the conventional sunshine rose grape is 8.5-14.5g, the sugar degree of the conventional sunshine rose grape is 21-24 degrees, the acre yield with better quality is generally 2000-2600 kg/acre, and the result analysis shows that the method adopts alginic acid to effectively improve the acre yield of the sunshine rose, break through the conventional yield, ensure the quality and the taste, simultaneously ensure the fragrance and the taste of the sunshine rose, ensure the sugar degree of the sunshine rose to be more than 25 degrees, effectively ensure the yield and the quality of the grape, and solve the problem that the yield affects the quality of the grape.
According to the scheme, alginic acid is used for stimulating grape plants gradually, so that the activity of a defense enzyme system in the grape plants is excited, terpenoids, shikimic acid pathway derivatives, aliphatic C6 compounds, volatile mercaptan, methoxypyrazine and other organic compounds are intensively released by the grapes during picking, rose fragrance in the grapes is improved, the yield of the grapes is guaranteed by combining the management of fertilizer water and plant diseases and insect pests, the acre yield of the grapes can break through 3 tons while the fragrance is guaranteed, and the benefit of the sunshine roses is effectively guaranteed.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied thereto, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any equivalent changes, simple substitutions and other obvious changes based on the technical solution of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A planting method for increasing fragrance of a sunshine rose is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, shaping and trimming: when seedlings germinate in spring, erasing first batches of buds comprising weak buds and abnormal buds, keeping healthy buds, after the buds grow to 3-5cm, erasing the buds for the second time, keeping new tips with strong growth vigor, when the new tips grow to more than 20 cm, binding and guiding the new tips along an iron wire by using a cloth belt, pinching when the new tips grow to 1.5-2m, enabling secondary tips to germinate at pinching positions, and selecting the secondary tips with uniform angle growth and vigorous growth as main branches; the two main branches are perpendicular to the iron wire, and branches of the main branches are fixed on the iron wire in opposite directions;
step two, deep fertilization: applying a first fertilizer before spring beginning and sprouting, uniformly digging a groove with the width of 30-40cm and the depth of 40-50cm at a position 20-30cm outside a dripping line of a crown of a tree body, then putting a required fertilizer into the groove, putting a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer, trace elements and alginic acid into the groove, wherein the ratio of the sum of the weight of the balance fertilizer, the trace elements and the alginic acid put into each tree in a long-term growth per plant to the diameter of the crown is 2-4kg/1m, the weight ratio of the balance fertilizer, the trace elements and the alginic acid is 2-6;
thirdly, thinning flowers and fruits, namely thinning for the first time before the flower buds bloom, keeping the flower buds at intervals in layers, removing the flower buds with weak growth, malformation and malnutrition, thinning for the second time after the flower buds bloom and bear fruits, removing strong fruits, small fruits and malformed fruits, and immediately preventing and treating diseases after thinning the flowers and fruits;
and step four, applying the foliar fertilizer on the leaf surface, wherein the foliar fertilizer for the first time specifically comprises the following steps: spraying alginic acid and trace element boron fertilizer before blooming of the flower catkin, and continuously applying for 2-3 times at intervals of 7-10 days; the second time foliar fertilizer is specifically as follows: alginic acid and phosphate fertilizer are applied before bagging;
fifthly, fertilizing at the cell division stage of the fruits, and applying alginic acid water flush fertilizer once every 15-30 days during the growth and development of the fruits, wherein the alginic acid water flush fertilizer is applied for 30-60kg per mu;
sixthly, fertilizing at the fruit expanding and color changing period, and applying 50-100kg of alginic acid and high-calcium and high-potassium fertilizer to each mu within 20-30 days before color changing; before the fruit expansion and color change period, planting pakchoi on two sides of the plant;
seventhly, managing the diseases and insect pests, namely spraying the pesticide for 4-7 times from the beginning of germination to the picking of the fruits, and manually weeding the powdery mildew, the downy mildew, the rust disease and the insect pests.
2. The rose solar flavoring planting method of claim 1, wherein: the alginic acid content applied by the first foliar fertilizer is 5-10%, and the first foliar fertilizer and 500-1000 times diluted trace element boron fertilizer are sprayed on the surface of plants.
3. The solar rose flavoring planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alginic acid content applied by the second foliar fertilizer is 10-20%, and the phosphate fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate with the content of 75%, and the alginic acid and the monopotassium phosphate are diluted by 1000 times and then sprayed on the surface of plants.
4. The solar rose flavoring planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the balance fertilizer to the trace elements to the alginic acid during the deep layer fertilization is (5) and (1), and the dosage per mu is 50-100kg.
5. The solar rose flavoring planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic fertilizer is decomposed chicken manure or decomposed pig, cattle and sheep manure.
6. The solar rose flavoring planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the proportion of alginic acid and high-calcium and high-potassium fertilizer applied before color conversion is 50:1; the high-calcium high-potassium fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer of monopotassium phosphate and calcium superphosphate, and is diluted by 500-1000 times and then is sprayed and bagged.
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Denomination of invention: A Method of Planting Sunshine Rose to Enhance Aroma Effective date of registration: 20230914 Granted publication date: 20230131 Pledgee: Hunan Qidong rural commercial bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: HUNAN XINFENG FRUIT INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd.|Zeng Jianxin Registration number: Y2023980056720 |
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