CN103238488A - Method for comprehensively controlling dominant spider mites of potted Chinese banyans - Google Patents

Method for comprehensively controlling dominant spider mites of potted Chinese banyans Download PDF

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CN103238488A
CN103238488A CN2013101727150A CN201310172715A CN103238488A CN 103238488 A CN103238488 A CN 103238488A CN 2013101727150 A CN2013101727150 A CN 2013101727150A CN 201310172715 A CN201310172715 A CN 201310172715A CN 103238488 A CN103238488 A CN 103238488A
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mite
control
potted plant
evil
banyan
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余德亿
姚锦爱
蓝炎阳
黄鹏
王长方
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Institute of Plant Protection of FAAS
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for comprehensively controlling dominant spider mites of potted Chinese banyans and belongs to the field of control of agricultural insects and pests. According to the method, aiming at field cultivation and greenhouse regulation growth stages of potted Chinese banyans, five control measures including plant quarantine, garden technology control, physical and mechanical control, biological control and chemical control are integrated, and a comprehensive control technological measure suitable for the two growth stages is put forward. According to the method, occurrence and damage of dominant spider mites of potted Chinese banyans can be controlled effectively, the using times and amount of pesticides can be reduced obviously, and the method has the great significance in promoting ornamental and economic values of Chinese banyans and environmental protection.

Description

The method of the potted plant banyan advantage evil of a kind of comprehensive prevention and control mite
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for the potted plant banyan advantage evil of a kind of comprehensive prevention and control mite, belong to agricultural insect and field of pest control.
Background technology
Banyan is Moraceae Moraceae Ficus FicusThe general name of plant, the whole world have kind more than 1000 approximately, mainly are distributed in the torrid zone and subtropical zone.China's ficus species has kind more than 120 approximately, and about 25 kinds of Fujian comprises banyan F. microcarpaLinn. f., India's gum F. elasticaL., bodhi tree F. religiosaL., Ficus microcarpa F. concinnaMiq., leaf of bamboo banyan F. stenophyllaHemsl. and banyan F. benjaminaLinn etc., many kinds and mutation in the middle of them all can be used for making potted plant banyan.Potted plant banyan is one of most popular green plant in both sides of the Straits, also is the main exit in China and Fujian Province one of the plant product of earning foreign exchange, and is subjected to various places friend's " happy reward is supported in happiness " deeply, and industrial prospect is very wide.
It is ripe relatively that potted plant banyan is planted in Fujian, broadcasts into selling to finished product from seed, all need experience land for growing field crops cultivation and 2 vegetative stages of canopy chamber regulation and control.The land for growing field crops nurturing period: broadcast into carry root to potted plant banyan to go out the garden and end from potted plant banyan seed, this phase mainly is the quick healthy growth of realizing potted plant banyan seedling and piece root; The canopy chamber regulation and control phase: advance on the canopy chamber dish and go out the canopy chamber to potted plant banyan finished product and sell and end certainly going out the potted plant banyan in garden, this phase mainly is that the type body of the potted plant banyan of realization is moulded and safe and efficient foster pipe.In recent years, along with the warming of global climate, the intensive production-scale expansion of batch production and the drug-fast lasting enhancing of evil mite, in all harm of vulnerable mite of 2 vegetative stages of potted plant banyan, the evil mite has become one of primary pest in the potted plant banyan planting process.
The evil mite is commonly called as " two spotted spider mite ", is under the jurisdiction of arachnids ArachnidaAcarina AcarinaHow through multiple spot continues the investigation discovery to the harmful mite of 2 vegetative stages of potted plant banyan: potted plant banyan is endangered by multiple harmful mite, relates to 6 of 4 sections altogether and belongs to 6 kinds, is respectively Eriophyidae EriophyidaeGive birth to Eriophyes CecidophyesThailand give birth to the goitre mite Cecidophyes thailandicaKeifer, Tarsonemidae TarsonemidaeMany food tarsonemids belong to PolyphagotarsonemusPolyphagotarsonemus latus Banks Polyphagotarsonemus latus(Banks), Tenuipalpidae TenuipalpidaeShort whisker Acarapis BrevipalpusPurplish red short hairs mite Brevipalpus phoenicis(Geijskes) and Tetranychidae TetranychidaeThe beginning Tetranychus EotetranychusEotetranychus sexmaculatus Eotetranychus sexmaculatus(Riley), Panonychus citri belongs to PanonychusThe tangerine Panonychus citri Panonychus citri(McGregor) and Tetranychus TetranychusTetranychus viennensis Tetranychus viennensisZacher.By statistics, the sociales evil mite the heaviest to 2 vegetative stage harm of potted plant banyan is the tangerine Panonychus citri, and accounting is up to 67.79%, and the utmost point is significantly higher than other 5 kinds harmful mites.
The tangerine Panonychus citri has another name called citrus red mite, citrus red mite, is at present 2 vegetative stages of potted plant banyan to be caused a kind of sucking tetranychid of seriously causing harm.The female one-tenth mite body of this mite is about 0.3～0.4 mm, ellipse, and kermesinus, there is strumae at the back side, upward gives birth to white bristle, 4 pairs on foot; Male one-tenth mite body length is slightly less than female one-tenth mite, cerise, and the rear end is narrower and small, is wedge shape.About 0.13 mm of ovum diameter, oblate spheroid is gradually faded after the cerise during primiparity; One vertical stalklet is arranged on the ovum, and pommel has 10～12 filaments approximately, stretches out to scattering all around, is attached to the place of laying eggs.Children mite body is about 0.2 mm, pale red when just incubating, 3 pairs on foot.If mite shape color and luster is all similar with the one-tenth mite, but individual smaller, 4 pairs on foot.The decortication of children mite then is preceding as if mite, and decortication is deutonymph again.The deutonymph decortication is then for becoming mite.Find by harm investigation, the one-tenth mite of this evil mite, young mite and if mite all can be stung suction cause harm trunk and the tree crown of potted plant banyan, but spread to tree crown portion by trunk usually, accumulate in young tender position and the blade tow sides of branch, cause harm the heaviest with vacuum side of blade.Killed branch, elongated and weak, jaundice is dried up, and the branch epidermis presents the white be full of cracks; Killed blade, fragmentary canescence fleck appears in the initial stage, as time passes, spot increases gradually, and beginning is obviously turned white, shrinkage or distortion, and last full leaf presents a large amount of canescence or yellow fleck, distortion, deformity, part of damage mesophyll thickens, stiff, stop growing, epidermis presents the white be full of cracks; Killed potted plant banyan, growth retardation, photosynthesis weakens, full leaf is greyish white, sallow, a large amount of spike tops, fallen leaves occur, makes whole potted plant banyan growing area blade sparse, is a slice canescence, when serious in addition large tracts of land withered, view and admire with economic worth and significantly reduce.Simultaneously, this evil mite can also be propagated various viral diseases of plants and fungal disease.So it is very necessary carrying out the prevention and control of 2 vegetative stage advantage evils of potted plant banyan mite, but since this evil mite individuality less and fertility strong, generation overlap is serious, add medication not science cause strong pesticide resistance, preventing and controlling are very difficult, have been a difficult problem in potted plant banyan kind planting management and the outlet epidemic prevention.
Individual event prophylactico-therapeutic measures at gardens evil mite at present mainly contains 5 kinds of prophylactico-therapeutic measuress such as plant quarantine, gardens technology control, physico mechanical control, biological control and chemical control.Plant quarantine: belong to legal control, when requiring the allocation and transportation of seed and nursery stock, then should take effective measures if find the evil mite, eliminate or control it and spread.Gardens technology control: by selecting suitable growth place, cultivation and seed selection resistance and healthy and strong nursery stock, taking methods such as science maintenance management and efficent rotation, reduce the probability that harm takes place the evil mite; This measure does not need too much extra the input, easily matches with other measures, and have prevention effect, continue to alleviate or control the big generation of evil mite in can be on a large scale, but it has stronger region and seasonality, and is then helpless to the harmful mite of big generation, does not have the control effect substantially.Physico mechanical control: by the insect protected barrier is installed, skilful use is artificial or apparatus is catched and killed, reasonable Arrangement food or the method such as trap and kill of diving, and effectively alleviates causing harm of harmful mite; This measure can be with evil mite control before containing the phase of sending out, and instant effect and do not destroy the habitat can be used as the emergency measure of harmful mite prevention and control, popularizes but the prevention and control cost is higher relatively and bad.Biological control: utilize biocontrol fungicides such as white muscardine fungi, Verticillium lecanii, dark some food mite ladybug Stethorus punctillumWeise, minute pirate bugs Orius similisZheng, black top chrysanthemum stinkbug Amphiareus obscuriceps(Poppius), 6 thrips Scolothrips sexmaculatusInsect predators such as Pergande, amblyseius cucumeris oudeman Neoseiulus cucumerisOudermans, east genus amblyseius berlese Amblyseius orientalisEhara, Nissl genus amblyseius berlese Amblyseius nicholsiEhara et Lee, the former genus amblyseius berlese in river Ambtyseius eharaiPredacious miteses such as Amitai et Swirski, the quantity of effectively control evil mite population; Harmful mite can not only be directly eliminated in this measure in large quantities, and can change biocenological constituent, not killed natural enemies and other beneficial organisms, there is not residual and problem of environmental pollution, can not cause the rampant and generation resistance again of harmful mite, the evil mite is had the long-term control effect, and comparison is slow, artificial propagation techniques is complicated, control efficiency is subjected to operation technique and effect of natural conditions is bigger but take effect in use.Chemical control: utilize chemical agent, eliminating 3000 times of liquid of (chlorfenapyr) missible oil, 4000 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 20% as 3000 times of liquid of 15% pyridaben (spirit) missible oil, 5% despot's mite spirit (azoles mite ester) suspending agent 3000 times of liquid, 10% goes out and sweeps 2000 times of 1500 times of liquid of profit (fenpropathrin) missible oil and 20% azacyclotin suspending agents etc., the insect density of control evil mite; This measure have using method simple, effective, produce effects fast, be subjected to seasonal restriction little, be suitable for advantage such as large tracts of land use, but during improper use, can cause person poultry poisoning, contaminated environment, killed natural enemies, cause phyto toxicity, long-term use can make harmful mite generation resistance in various degree, and it is more difficult that prevention and control become.As seen, these 5 kinds of prevention and control measures all respectively have length, the wherein a certain measure of depending merely on often can not reach and prevent and treat purpose, sometimes also can cause other bad reaction, so need the scheme of a kind of comprehensive prevention and control evil mite, it combines various individual event measures, learns from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, bring into play organically mediation effect as far as possible, target evil mite is controlled under economic injury level.Yet, comprehensive prevention and control technical scheme at potted plant banyan evil mite is not integrated as yet, and existing report also has only the use alone of indivedual individual event measures, and uses and maximum still mainly concentrate in the chemical control, control poor effect to 2 vegetative stage evils of potted plant banyan mite has more anti-more heavy gesture.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for the potted plant banyan advantage evil of a kind of comprehensive prevention and control mite; this method production application effect is better; can with the control of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite in economy harm threshold value indication range, be significant to promoting viewing and admiring with economic worth and protection environment of potted plant banyan.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
Cultivate and canopy chamber regulation and control vegetative stage in the land for growing field crops that the present invention is directed to potted plant banyan, makes up the comprehensive preventing control method that is applicable to these 2 vegetative period, and concrete preventing control method comprises:
(1) the land for growing field crops nurturing period
In conjunction with gardens control, biological control and chemical control, make up the prevention and control technical system;
Wherein biological control: utilize the predation mite to control potted plant banyan advantage evil mite, when controlling mite with mite between March to October, the predation mite discharges preceding 15～20 d will carry out clear garden 1 time, and the quantity of every blinds evil acarid or ovum is controlled below 2 or 2; Every furrow " M " type symmetry is thrown in packed predation mite, and every bag of each worm attitude predation mite net content will be controlled 10 m for every bag at least at least at 500 2Scope; Do not spray any agricultural chemicals in 30 d after discharging, can slightly spray as the case may be behind 30 d the predation lethal little bactericide of mite or selective insecticide; Protect the predator insect, bring into play them to the natural control action of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite population;
Chemical control: when evil mite quantity or ovum amount reach 100～150/100 leaves and 50～100/100 leaves respectively, and natural enemy quantity is few, and the outburst that can't control harmful mite is naturally adopted chemical pesticide control when causing harm; Control harmful mite fast as need and cause harm, use 15% pyridaben missible oil or 73% propargite missible oil; Cause harm as need Sustainable Control evil mite, use 11% second mite azole suspending agent, 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 73% propargite missible oil successively;
(2) the canopy chamber regulation and control phase
In conjunction with plant quarantine, gardens technology control, physico mechanical control and biological control, make up the prevention and control technical system.
Wherein plant quarantine: exchange the potted plant banyan of transporting into the canopy chamber in garden that goes out and carry out the quarantine system of calling in, when finding the evil mite, adopt vikane 15 g/m 3Stifling 1.5 h or 20 g/m of handling 3Fumigate and handle 1 h, prevent its spread in china of evil mite; Simultaneously, potted plant banyan advantage evil mite has 2 occurrence in peak period every year, should strengthen the insect pest situation monitoring as one sees fit, and using for the selection of comprehensive prevention and control measure provides the decision-making data;
Physico mechanical control: carry out the outdoor physical isolation of enclosing anti-mite of canopy, put the ditch of placing obstacles in layer frame and plot all around in potted plant banyan, irritate circulating water in the ditch or arrange anti-mite viscose filament yarn, further obstruct evil mite crawls into planting area; Be watt rib paper trap band of 3 mm * 4 mm or the surface that fresh tobacco leaf is layered on potted plant banyan cultivation tray or cultivation bag at interval with the edge wave width of cloth in good time, or each some gauze that spread coarse colza meal in cultivation layer frame upper berth, trapping evil mite; Or promote the canopy room temperature of section sometime, and make it be in warm steaming state, kill harmful mite indirectly, but the duration can not be too of a specified duration, in time lower the temperature, in order to avoid potted plant banyan is caused damage;
Biological control: the advantage evil mite that utilizes the potted plant banyan vegetative stage of pathogenic microorganism prevention and control, as long as in blade, find to have the ovum of tangerine Panonychus citri, if mite or become mite, namely selecting to spray the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum is prevented or prevention and control, select a kind of enforcement in the following method: the spore suspension of method one, use Verticillium lecanii V3450, V16063 or Vp28 bacterial strain wherein contains 10 6～10 8Individual spore/ml sprays canopy chamber floor frame and potted plant banyan plant leaf; But method two, use beauveria bassiana 150～50,000,000,000 spores/gram spore wetting powder or dispersed oil suspending agent, or use Metarhizium anisopliae 17,000,000,000 spores/gram spore wetting powder, the spreader-sticker of formulation products collocation 0.1% is diluted 400～800 times, spray canopy chamber floor frame and potted plant banyan plant leaf; Method three, the aqueous extract of natural plants is joined in the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum, improve the control efficiency of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite, described natural plants comprises chinaberry, tobacco, the tuber of pinellia, thunder godvine.
Comprehensive preventing control method of the present invention is according to as follows:
1, grasps the pests occurrence rule of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite
The tangerine Panonychus citri is the advantage evil mite of the cultivation of potted plant banyan land for growing field crops and canopy chamber regulation and control vegetative stage.This mite is taken place in the torrid zone and most of subtropical zone anniversary, 12～20 generations of year generation, generation overlap, mainly with ovum with become mite to survive the winter.Simultaneously, the generation of this mite and growth and decline, be subjected to weather, the combined influence of the factors such as insect population radix, nutritional condition and natural enemy of surviving the winter, wherein climatic factor is most important, the preference temperature of growing usually and breeding is 20～28 ℃, the mite lethality increased when temperature was higher than 30 ℃, and mite can't survive substantially when temperature was higher than 40 ℃.The bisexual reproduction of this mite row, but also parthenogenesis sometimes, not have the ovum hatching of fertilization is male mite, the ovum of fertilization is then hatched and is female mite.
The tangerine Panonychus citri carry on the banyan at basin experience period of expansion successively, 5 periods such as the 1st peak period, decline phase, the 2nd peak period and the phase of surviving the winter, the population dynamic temporal pattern of movable mite and ovum is consistent substantially, annual oscillations spoke degree is bigger, 2 peak of occurrence are arranged, the 1st peak period appears at for 4～May, the 2nd peak period appears at for 9～October, but peak value is starkly lower than the 1st peak of occurrence (Fig. 1).Take place dynamically to reach all annual seasonses as if the field in conjunction with this mite and cut apart and climatic variation, can utilize the Fisher classification its population dynamic temporal pattern to be divided into { 1-2}, { 3-4}, { 5-7}, { 8-9} and { 5 classes (table 1) such as 10-12}.The 1st class is 2～March then, and 2 month temperatures are on the low side, and most tangerine Panonychus citri is in hibernating state, and population quantity also maintains reduced levels; Begin the temperature bottom out March, this mite comes into play in succession, lays eggs, and population quantity is presented length and risen trend, but does not peak yet, and this phase is the developing stage of this mite population.The 2nd class is 4～May then, this phase ambient temperature and humidity is suitable, this mite moves to young leaves from Lao Ye and causes harm, population quantity rises rapidly, movable mite quantity and ovum amount reach 1116.00～840.67/100 leaves and 586.33～529.00/100 leaves respectively, all reaching annual highest level, is that a peak period is contained in the 1st of this mite.The 3rd class is 6～August then, and this phase is extremely hot rainy, and the growth of this mite, breeding are suppressed, and add the control of natural enemy, and population quantity reduces rapidly, is the decline phase of this mite population.The 4th class is 9～October then, this phase temperature begins to descend, return to optimum range again, the population quantity of this mite bottom out again, movable mite quantity and ovum amount reach 487.00～633.67/100 leaves and 276.33～394.00/100 leaves respectively, for the 2nd Sheng of this mite sent out a peak period, but peak value is starkly lower than the 1st peak period.The 5th class is November～January in next year then, and this phase, this mite progressed into hibernating state along with temperature descends, and population quantity is in reduced levels always, is surviving the winter the phase of this mite population.Simultaneously, this mite happiness light becomes tender, takes place many in the peripheral middle and upper part of tree crown and well-lighted position.
The Fisher classification of the potted plant banyan tangerine of table 1 Panonychus citri population dynamic temporal pattern
Figure 2013101727150100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
2, comprehensive preventing control method
The comprehensive preventing control method of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite, follow the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first; the comprehensive regulation ", cultivate and canopy chamber regulation and control vegetative stage in the land for growing field crops of potted plant banyan, prevention and control technical measures such as integrated appliable plant quarantine, gardens technology control, physico mechanical control, biological control and chemical control, making up with " garden pipe+biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion+medicine control " and " quarantine+canopy (chamber) pipe+trapping (temperature is steamed)+biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion " respectively is the prevention and control technical system of core.
Main prevention and control technical measures:
(1) plant quarantine
Tangerine Panonychus citri build is small, is difficult for being found, and often enters the canopy chamber with the allocation and transportation that go out the potted plant banyan in garden.So exchange transport into the canopy chamber go out the potted plant banyan in garden, should carry out the strict quarantine system of calling in, increase the ratio of sampling examination, in time handle when finding pest mite, prevent its spread in china of evil mite.The disinfection suggestion adopts sulfuryl fluoride fumigating synergistic to handle, and usage is vikane 15 g/m 3Handle 1.5 h or 20 g/m 3Handle 1 h, because it can the 100% harmful mite that kills on the potted plant banyan, and potted plant banyan do not had poisoning substantially.Simultaneously, in view of but the tangerine Panonychus citri takes place in the torrid zone and most of subtropical zone anniversary, annual 4～May and 9～October are its occurrence in peak period, and the insect pest situation monitoring of these 2 harmful mites of potted plant banyan advantage of time period is strengthened in suggestion, and using for the selection of comprehensive prevention and control measure provides the decision-making data.
(2) gardens technology control
1. select ground, suitable garden and canopy chamber
The garden general selection in ground physical features is higher, soil property is the plot of sandy soil, and the land used requirement of wherein growing seedlings is smooth and big surperficial grogs can not be arranged, and preferably can mix some turfy soils and pour the surface, seedbed with slime water in topsoil; The field production land used requires smooth and is suitable for the mulch film tiling, that cultivation matrix requires is loose, draining well, the sandy soil that slightly react acid.The canopy chamber is typically chosen in that transportation is convenient, water power is supporting easily, build in the higher and smooth plot of physical features, requires to have preferably functional areas to divide, and the ventilation illumination condition is good, puts layer frame and anti-mite isolation facility and settles science; Cultivation matrix will satisfy importer's requirement, is generally 3 parts of 7 parts+perlites of coconut palm chaff, can't cultivate with vermiculite.
2. strengthen tending management
Sow that used seed is fresh, full, ripe, free from insect pests.To clean, go exocarp, vernalization, sterilization etc. to seed before the sowing.After planting should add little bow member above the seedbed, fine day is added a cover the shading screen about 70%, wants the cover film frost protection winter.Growth of seedling and piece root nurturing period all will be strengthened tending management, water, fertilising and weeding in good time, and rational pruning and diseases prevention worm are in time changed bag and transplant and abandon according to qualifications bad, and that improves healthy and strong high quality seedling goes out garden proportion.During moulding, the growth of canopy chamber and type body need further to strengthen tending management, carry out sanitation and hygiene, weed control and the work of diseases prevention worm of canopy chamber, wipe out overstocked branch, deadwood, sick branch and in time shift out the canopy chamber, improve the ventilation illumination condition, overstocked the putting of keeping under strict control, science is watered and is applied fertilizer; If necessary, also the available piece root that cultivates is done and is bored wood, and some anti-tetranychids of grafting cause evil and the higher kind of ornamental value.
3. carry out the variation plantation
The various trees of reasonable disposition, flowers, the ornamental plant that avoids adjacent planting pot banyan advantage evil mite relatively to have a liking for food, but bait plant such as intercropping plant tropic ageratum in case of necessity stop the diffusion of evil mite to spread.Simultaneously, the potted plant banyan of nursery planting is after 2～3 years, as the not vegetables of equal genus of crop rotation plantation of might trying one's best, to recover soil fertility, the generation that alleviates damage by disease and insect.
(3) physico mechanical control
1. isolated material is installed
Carry out canopy film, the door and window of canopy chamber, ordinary maintenance and the maintenance work of fly net, ensure or strengthen these local physics every mite and anti-mite function.Put the ditch of placing obstacles in layer frame and plot all around in potted plant banyan, irritate circulating water in the ditch or arrange anti-mite viscose filament yarn, further obstruct evil mite crawls into planting area.
2. lure collection or temperature to steam in good time
Between the canopy chamber is in good time with watt rib paper (the edge wave width of cloth is 3 mm * 4 mm) or fresh tobacco leaf, be layered on the surface of the used cultivation tray of potted plant banyan (bag), treat that the evil mite after watt rib paper or tobacco leaf gathering, takes off it gently, shift out the canopy chamber, fall with baked wheaten cake; Also can on each cultivation layer frame, spread the some gauzes that spread coarse colza meal, assemble as pest mite, namely scald dead with boiling water.Simultaneously, also can promote the canopy room temperature of section sometime, make it be in warm steaming state, kill harmful mite indirectly, but the duration can not be too of a specified duration, in time lower the temperature, in order to avoid potted plant banyan is caused damage.
(4) biological control
1. control worm with worm
The predation mite is proved to be in agricultural and forestry production has the biocontrol agent of using potential quality, predacious miteses such as amblyseius cucumeris oudeman or Chilean little phytoseiid mite or Pasteur's genus amblyseius berlese can be introduced ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden and be used for its advantage evil mite-tangerine Panonychus citri of prevention and control.Test shows, discharges amblyseius cucumeris oudeman on ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden 3～October, discharge back 15 d proofread and correct control be 70.23%, 30 d proofread and correct control be 85.03%, 60 d to proofread and correct control be 90.34%, controlled causing harm of tangerine Panonychus citri preferably.But should note when the predation mite discharges following some, the one, discharge preceding 15～20 d, should carry out 1 damage by disease and insect chemical control completely comprehensively, the quantity that will do harm to mite in other damage by disease and insect of prevention is forced down, and requires the quantity of every blinds evil acarid (ovum) is controlled below 2 (grains).The 2nd, every furrow " M " type symmetry is thrown in, and every bag of each worm attitude predation mite net content will be controlled 10 m for every bag at least at least more than 500 2Above scope should be before at 10 in the morning in fine day and broken sky or discharge later at 5 in afternoon, but the cloudy day whole day carry out, the rainy day then should not carry out; During release 2～3 cm are tiltedly cut in top, paper bag side, the back is fixed on not by sunlight direct projection, tree crown middle and lower part branch fork place with cord, guarantees fully to contact and be not hung in limb aerial.The 3rd, discharge in 30 d of back and do not spray any agricultural chemicals, can slightly spray as the case may be behind 30 d the predation lethal little bactericide of mite or selective insecticide.In addition, the hostile potted plant banyan advantage evil mites in insect predator sky such as dark some food mite ladybug, minute pirate bugs, black top chrysanthemum stinkbug, 6 thrips, erigonidium graminicolum, Chinese green lacewing also have controls effect preferably, also will note laying special stress on protecting good and makes good use of.
2. control mite with bacterium
Utilize the potted plant banyan advantage of pathogenic microorganism prevention and control evil mite, the tool control efficiency lastingly, is not subjected to the vegetative stage restriction, consumption is few and characteristics such as safety, and application value is higher.At present, at the prevention and control of potted plant banyan canopy chamber vegetative stage evil mite, as long as discovery has the ovum of tangerine Panonychus citri or as if mite or one-tenth mite, just can select to spray the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum and be prevented or prevention and control in blade.The microbial bacterial agent of recommending to use has: Verticillium lecanii Verticillium lecaniiIn V3450, V16063 and the Vp28 bacterial strain (V3450: the source Guangzhou, the host is Bemisia tabaci Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius); V16063: source Canada, the host is Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood Trrialeurodes vaporarioum(Westwood); VP28: Guangzhou, source, the host is mealybug PseudococcusSp.), contain 10 with every milliliter 6～10 8The fungi suspension of individual spore sprays canopy chamber floor frame and potted plant banyan plant leaf, and 3～5 d just have prevention and control effect preferably; Beauveria bassiana Beauveria bassianaBut in spore wetting powder or dispersed oil suspending agent (effective component content 150～50,000,000,000 spore/grams) and Metarhizium anisopliae Metarrhizium anisopliaeIn spore wetting powder (effective component content 17,000,000,000 spore/grams), spray canopy chamber floor frame and potted plant banyan plant leaf with after 400～800 times of the spreader-sticker dilutions of product formulation collocation 0.1%, use 2～3 times after better the potted plant banyan of prevention and control do harm to mite and cause harm.In addition, also the aqueous extract of natural plants such as chinaberry, tobacco, the tuber of pinellia, thunder godvine can be used separately or joins in the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum, improve the control efficiency of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite.
(5) chemical control
The biological property of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite has determined them very easily to form the pesticide resistance population, therefore must guard against abuse and abuses agricultural chemicals.When carrying out chemical control, want lay special stress on to observe and predict with investigation and be to instruct, have only when reaching index for control (movable mite quantity or ovum amount reach 100～150/100 leaves and 50～100/100 leaves respectively), and natural enemy quantity again hour, can determine chemical control.Test shows, 1200 times of liquid of 4% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or 15% pyridaben missible oil or 25% azacyclotin wetting powder, 2500 times of concentration of 73% propargite missible oil, 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent or 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent or 11% second mite azole suspending agent 5000 times, potted plant banyan evil mite there is certain control efficiency, and does not all have poisoning.Control harmful mite fast as need and cause harm, recommend to use 15% pyridaben missible oil and 73% propargite missible oil; Cause harm as need Sustainable Control evil mite, recommend to use successively 11% second mite azole suspending agent, 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 73% propargite missible oil successively.When production makes with medicament, need take into full account drug cost and evil mite pesticide resistance, rotate as far as possible or alternatively administered; Simultaneously, also should grasp application method, increase contact probability, the contact area and the amount of contact of mite body and medicament, further improve control efficiency.
The Prevention Technique main points:
(1) quarantine
Exchange the potted plant banyan of transporting into the canopy chamber in garden that goes out and carry out the quarantine system of calling in, when finding the evil mite, fumigate processing if necessary, prevent its spread in china of evil mite.Simultaneously, take the circumstances into consideration to strengthen the insect pest situation monitoring of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite occurrence in peak period, using for the selection of comprehensive prevention and control measure provides the decision-making data.
(2) garden pipe and canopy (chamber) pipe
Select suitable ground, garden and canopy chamber, the potted plant banyan of As soon as possible Promising Policy is grown seedlings, land for growing field crops piece root is cultivated, the demands such as land used, matrix, illumination, traffic and water power of canopy chamber adjusting and controlling growth.Simultaneously, strengthen ground, garden tending management, sow healthy seed, water, fertilising and weeding in good time, avoid or alleviate harmful mite causing harm, in time change bag and transplant and abandon according to qualifications bad, improve healthy and strong high quality seedling and go out garden proportion; Strengthen canopy chamber tending management, carry out canopy chamber cleaning, removal of impurities and the work of diseases prevention worm, wipe out overstocked branch, deadwood and sick branch, improve the ventilation illumination condition, science is watered and is applied fertilizer, and the high anti-tetranychid kind of grafting improves the qualification rate of potted plant commodity.In addition, also answer the reasonable disposition various nursery stocks of planting, natural, ecological is repaired in science intercropping or crop rotation, alleviates that harmful mite is taken place and diffusion.
(3) isolation and trapping (temperature is steamed)
Carry out the outdoor physical isolation of enclosing anti-mite of canopy, put the ditch of placing obstacles in layer frame and plot all around in potted plant banyan, intercept the evil mite and crawl into planting area.Simultaneously, the in good time gauze that watt rib paper or fresh tobacco leaf is set or spreads coarse colza meal in the canopy chamber is trapped and killed potted plant banyan evil mite; Promote the canopy room temperature of section sometime, make it be in warm steaming state, kill harmful mite indirectly.
(4) biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion
Study emphasis is controlled worm with worm on ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden, makes good use of amblyseius cucumeris oudeman or predation mites such as Chilean little phytoseiid mite or Pasteur's genus amblyseius berlese and controls potted plant banyan advantage evil mite; Protect predator insects such as dark some food mite ladybug, minute pirate bugs, black top chrysanthemum stinkbug, 6 thrips, erigonidium graminicolum, Chinese green lacewing, bring into play them to the natural control action of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite population.Study emphasis is controlled mite with bacterium in potted plant banyan plantation canopy chamber, but makes good use of the fungi suspension of V3450 in the Verticillium lecanii, V16063 and Vp28 bacterial strain and the spore wetting powder goods in the beauveria bassiana or the spore wetting powder goods in dispersed oil suspending agent goods and the Metarhizium anisopliae; Simultaneously, also the aqueous extract of some natural plants can be used separately or join in the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum, improve the control efficiency of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite.
(5) medicine control
Chemical control is done harm to the mite population quantity as the potted plant banyan advantage of prevention and control and makes potted plant banyan avoid the complementary measure of other sick worms harm.According to the mite feelings on ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden, when reaching index for control and natural enemy quantity, the evil mite hour just can determine to use again, and timely and appropriate discovery is wanted in medication, grasps application method, notes by turns or alternatively administered, bans use of high poison and highly toxic pesticide.
The comprehensive preventing control method of different vegetative stages:
(1) the land for growing field crops nurturing period
Prevention and control technical measures such as the control of integrated assembling gardens technology, biological control and chemical control, making up " garden pipe+biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion+medicine control " is the prevention and control technical system of core.
Gardens technology control: 1. select suitable ground, garden, the demands such as land used, matrix, illumination, traffic and water power that the potted plant banyan of As soon as possible Promising Policy is grown seedlings and land for growing field crops piece root is cultivated.2. choose healthy seed fresh, full, ripe, free from insect pests, clean, go to sow after exocarp, vernalization and the sterilization; After planting should add little bow member above the seedbed, fine day is added a cover the shading screen about 70%, wants the cover film frost protection winter.3. growth of seedling and piece root nurturing period all will be strengthened tending management, water, fertilising and weeding in good time, and rational pruning and diseases prevention worm are in time changed bag and transplant and abandon according to qualifications bad, and that improves healthy and strong high quality seedling goes out garden proportion.4. reasonable disposition various nursery stocks of planting, bait plant such as science intercropping tropic ageratum or crop rotation be the vegetables of equal genus not, repair natural, ecological, alleviate that harmful mite is taken place and diffusion.
Biological control: study emphasis is controlled worm with worm on ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden.Make good use of amblyseius cucumeris oudeman or predation mites such as Chilean little phytoseiid mite or Pasteur's genus amblyseius berlese and control potted plant banyan advantage evil mite, 3～October is when controlling mite with mite, discharge preceding 15～20 d and will carry out clear garden 1 time, every blinds is done harm to the quantity control of acarid (ovum) below 2 (grains); Every furrow " M " type symmetry is thrown in packed predation mite, and every bag of each worm attitude predation mite net content will be controlled 10 m for every bag at least at least more than 500 2Above scope; Discharge in good time, 2～3 cm are tiltedly cut in top, paper bag side, the back is fixed on not by sunlight direct projection, tree crown middle and lower part branch fork place with cord, guarantees fully to contact and be not hung in limb aerial; Discharge in 30 d of back and do not spray any agricultural chemicals, can slightly spray as the case may be behind 30 d the predation lethal little bactericide of mite or selective insecticide.In addition, protect predator insects such as dark some food mite ladybug, minute pirate bugs, black top chrysanthemum stinkbug, 6 thrips, erigonidium graminicolum, Chinese green lacewing, bring into play them to the natural control action of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite population.
Chemical control: chemical control is done harm to the mite population quantity as the potted plant banyan advantage of prevention and control and makes potted plant banyan avoid the complementary measure of other sick worms harm.According to the mite feelings on ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden, when the evil mite reaches index for control (movable mite quantity or ovum amount reach 100～150/100 leaves and 50～100/100 leaves respectively), and natural enemy quantity again hour, can determine to use.Control harmful mite fast as need and cause harm, recommend to use 15% pyridaben missible oil and 73% propargite missible oil; Cause harm as need Sustainable Control evil mite, recommend to use successively 11% second mite azole suspending agent, 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 73% propargite missible oil successively.Simultaneously, rotate as far as possible or alternatively administered, and grasp application method, increase contact probability, the contact area and the amount of contact of mite body and medicament.
(2) the canopy chamber regulation and control phase
Prevention and control technical measures such as integrated assembling plant quarantine, gardens technology control, physico mechanical control and biological control, the prevention and control technical system of structure " quarantine+canopy (chamber) pipe+trapping (temperature is steamed)+biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion ".
Plant quarantine: exchange the potted plant banyan of transporting into the canopy chamber in garden that goes out and carry out the quarantine system of calling in, when finding the evil mite, available vikane 15 g/m if necessary 3Stifling 1.5 h or 20 g/m of handling 3Fumigate and handle 1 h, prevent its spread in china of evil mite.Simultaneously, potted plant banyan advantage evil mite all has 2 occurrence in peak period every year, should strengthen the insect pest situation monitoring as one sees fit, and using for the selection of comprehensive prevention and control measure provides the decision-making data.
Gardens technology control: 1. select suitable canopy chamber, the demands such as land used, matrix, illumination, traffic and water power of the potted plant banyan canopy of As soon as possible Promising Policy chamber adjusting and controlling growth.2. strengthen canopy chamber tending management, carry out the work of cleaning, removal of impurities and diseases prevention worm, wipe out overstocked branch, deadwood and sick branch, improve the ventilation illumination condition, science is watered and is applied fertilizer, and the high anti-tetranychid kind of grafting improves the qualification rate of potted plant commodity.3. reasonable disposition various nursery stocks of planting, canopy chamber natural, ecological is repaired in science intercropping or crop rotation, alleviates that harmful mite is taken place and diffusion.
Physico mechanical control: carry out the outdoor physical isolation of enclosing anti-mite of canopy, put the ditch of placing obstacles in layer frame and plot all around in potted plant banyan, irritate circulating water in the ditch or arrange anti-mite viscose filament yarn, further obstruct evil mite crawls into planting area.Simultaneously, will be layered on the surface of potted plant banyan cultivation tray (bag) between watt rib paper (the edge wave width of cloth is 3 mm * 4 mm) or fresh tobacco leaf in good time, or each some gauze that spread coarse colza meal in cultivation layer frame upper berth, trapping evil mite; Also can promote the canopy room temperature of section sometime, make it be in warm steaming state, kill harmful mite indirectly.
Biological control: study emphasis is controlled mite with bacterium in potted plant banyan plantation canopy chamber, utilize the advantage evil mite of the potted plant banyan vegetative stage of pathogenic microorganism prevention and control, as long as discovery has the ovum of tangerine Panonychus citri or as if mite or one-tenth mite, just can select to spray the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum and be prevented or prevention and control in blade.V3450, V16063 in the recommendation use Verticillium lecanii and the fungi suspension (10 of Vp28 bacterial strain 6～10 8Individual spore/ml), spray canopy chamber floor frame and potted plant banyan plant leaf, 3～5 d just have prevention and control effect preferably; But or the spore wetting powder (effective component content 17,000,000,000 spore/grams) in the spore wetting powder in the use beauveria bassiana or dispersed oil suspending agent (effective component content 150～50,000,000,000 spore/grams) and the Metarhizium anisopliae, the spreader-sticker of formulation products collocation 0.1% is diluted 400～800 times, spray canopy chamber floor frame and potted plant banyan plant leaf, use 2～3 times after better the potted plant banyan of prevention and control evil mite cause harm.In addition, also the aqueous extract of natural plants such as chinaberry, tobacco, the tuber of pinellia, thunder godvine can be used separately or joins in the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum, improve the control efficiency of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite.
The invention provides the method for the potted plant banyan advantage evil of a kind of comprehensive prevention and control mite, relate to the content of aspects such as plant quarantine, gardens technology control, physico mechanical control, biological control and chemical control.Cultivate and canopy chamber regulation and control vegetative stage in the land for growing field crops that is primarily aimed at potted plant banyan; integrated assembling is carried out in various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress; proposition is suitable for the potted plant banyan comprehensive preventing control method in 2 vegetative period; effectively the potted plant banyan advantage evil mite of control causes harm; significantly reduce access times and the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, be significant to promoting viewing and admiring with economic worth and protection environment of potted plant banyan.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the time dynamic of potted plant banyan tangerine Panonychus citri population.
Fig. 2 is that 7 kinds of medicaments are to the field control effect of banyan evil mite.
Embodiment
Below will the invention will be further described by example, these descriptions are not that content of the present invention is done further to limit.One skilled in the art will understand that to be equal to replacement to what content of the present invention was done, or corresponding the improvement, still belong within protection scope of the present invention.
1, solves the selection problem of part prevention and control measure
(1) selection of quarantine fumigation medicament
Pharmacy fumigation is that kind preferably quarantine pest insect is killed means, and by the employing of developed countries such as Japan, Korea S, the U.S., Europe, medicament commonly used has Celfume, vikane, hydrocyanic acid, dichlorvos etc.This experimental study Celfume, vikane and dichlorvos are to the fumigating effect of potted plant banyan evil mite and to the influence of potted plant banyan quality.
Test material:Reagent agent is steel cylinder dress Celfume (active constituent content 99.9%), steel cylinder dress vikane (active constituent content 99.9%) and 80% DDT EC.Potted plant for going out the potted plant banyan in garden what call in that when quarantine find to have the tangerine Panonychus citri for examination.Converted about 33 m of area by container for the stifling storehouse of examination 3, gas circulation and thermostat are arranged.
Test method:Win potted plant banyan and give birth to 1 of spray then, keep 5 blades in top also with the soft brush removal of impurity, insert 100 tangerine Panonychus citris and become mite, after branches and leaves put into support the worm bottle, gauze seals, find to have potted plant banyan 10 dishes in garden that of tangerine Panonychus citri to put into big carton with holes together when resting the worm bottle and calling in quarantine, seal with adhesive tape.Again carton is put into stifling storehouse, airtight storehouse door, adjusting storehouse temperature is 20 ± 1 ℃, handle stifling different time with various dose Celfume, vikane and dichlorvos, handle the back with gas in the air douche displacement storehouse, observe integral body control and the poisoning situation of potted plant banyan after various dose Celfume, vikane and dichlorvos are handled stifling different time.Handle 3 times for every kind and repeat, calculate and support the corrected mortality that the interior tangerine Panonychus citri of worm bottle becomes mite.
Result of the test:Celfume 20 g/m 3Handle 2 h or 30 g/m 3Handle 1.5 h, vikane 15 g/m 3Handle 1.5 h or 20 g/m 3Handle 1 h, 80% DDT EC, 1.36 mL/m 3Handle 4 h, all the tangerine Panonychus citri that energy 100% kills on the potted plant banyan and foster worm bottle is interior.The stifling processing of 80% DDT EC is more obvious to potted plant banyan poisoning, Celfume 20 g/m 3Handle 2 h or 30 g/m 3Handling 1.5 h does not have poisoning substantially to potted plant banyan, when the Celfume concentration for the treatment of is higher than 40 g/m 3And potted plant banyan had certain poisoning and produced when being longer than 3h the processing time.Vikane 15 g/m 3Handle 1.5 h or 20 g/m 3Handling 1 h does not have poisoning substantially to potted plant banyan, when the vikane concentration for the treatment of is higher than 30 g/m 3And the processing time, potted plant banyan also can produce certain poisoning when being longer than 3h.
Conclusion (of pressure testing):Celfume and vikane be in rational concentration for the treatment of and in the processing time, can 100% kill on the potted plant banyan and foster worm bottle in the tangerine Panonychus citri, and do not have poisoning and produce.But Celfume is serious to the atmospheric ozone damage layer, and the scope of application will progressively be restricted, and vikane smoked kill tangerine Panonychus citri is used in suggestion as far as possible, and because it kills mite time ratio Celfume weak point, dosage is low than Celfume, and the gas time ratio Celfume that looses is fast.80% DDT EC is also good to the smoked killing effect of tangerine Panonychus citri, but very easily produces poisoning, does not advise using.
(2) use of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion predation mite
The predation mite is biocontrol agent valuable in the agricultural and forestry production, the more predation mite of production application Chilean little phytoseiid mite is arranged at present Phytosciulus persimilisAthias-Henriot, amblyseius cucumeris oudeman Neoseiulus cucumerisOudermans, Si Shi genus amblyseius berlese Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot), Pasteur's genus amblyseius berlese Amblyseius barkeri(Hughes) etc., be mainly used in aleyrodid, thrips, two spotted spider mite, blister mite and tarsonemid etc. on the crops such as fruit trees such as prevention and control citrus, apple, peach, pears, jujube and mulberry tree, vegetables, tealeaves, cotton, corn.Will the predation mite introduce to be used for the prevention and control of potted plant banyan evil mite, the exploration of its operation technique be still can successful prevention and control key.This test gropes to prey on mite-amblyseius cucumeris oudeman first in the operation technique of potted plant banyan plantation garden ground prevention and control tangerine Panonychus citri, makes every effort to distinct its predation effect and and guides production application.
Test material:Test site is ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden, ZhangZhou, Fujian, and the potted plant banyan of plantation is potted plant genseng banyan (banyan Ficus microcarpaGarden-variety, about 40～60 cm of plant height); Eating mite for test fishing is amblyseius cucumeris oudeman, by the gorgeous fine jade biological control in Institute of Plant Protection, academy of agricultural sciences, Fujian Province and Fujian technology Co., Ltd co-production.
Test method:In potted plant banyan plantation ground, garden, establish the predation mite and discharge district and check plot, every district 3 furrow, about 25 m of furrow face length, wide about 2 m, high about 0.2 m, the district establishes the 2m isolation strip with the interval.The predation mite discharges preceding 15～20 d and carries out 1 damage by disease and insect chemical control completely comprehensively, and the quantity that will do harm to mite in other damage by disease and insect of prevention is forced down, and the quantitative requirement control of every blinds evil acarid (ovum) is below 2 (grains).Discharge the district the predation mite afterwards and discharge amblyseius cucumeris oudeman, fine day and broken sky should be before at 10 in the morning or 5 dispensings later in afternoon prey on mites, but the cloudy day whole day carry out, the rainy day then should not carry out; Every furrow " M " type symmetry is thrown in 5 bags, every bag of each worm attitude predation mite net content is at least more than 500,2～3 cm are tiltedly cut in top, paper bag side, and the back is fixed on not by sunlight direct projection, tree crown middle and lower part branch fork place with cord, guarantees fully to contact and be not hung in limb aerial.Amblyseius cucumeris oudeman does not spray any agricultural chemicals after discharging in 30 d, can slightly spray as the case may be behind 30 d the predation lethal little bactericide of mite or selective insecticide.Discharge the situation that forward and backward l5,30,60 d put down in writing natural enemy predation mite and tangerine Panonychus citri, calculating the rate that goes down and correction control of evil mite.
Result of the test:After amblyseius cucumeris oudeman discharges, if mite or one-tenth mite climb out of release bag, set up population fast on ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden, 3 investigation all have the natural enemy of discovery to prey on mite, and part are arranged because having preyed on harmful mite body colour generation.Tangerine Panonychus citri mite mouth rate of going down of 15 d after release is 20.78%, and proofreading and correct control is 70.23%; The mite mouth rate of going down that discharges back 30 d is 50.21%, and proofreading and correct control is 85.03%; The mite mouth rate of going down that discharges back 60 d is 57.56%, and proofreading and correct control is 90.34%, has produced and has controlled the mite effect preferably.
Conclusion:Discharge the predation mite on ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden, can control its advantage evil mite-tangerine Panonychus citri preferably, so as long as by making demands in the test method, carry out garden and science release clearly, the prevention and control success rate can be very high between 3～October, not only can reduce agricultural chemicals and use, and easy to operate, saving of labor economize this, nuisanceless, use has a high potential, and is worthy of popularization.
(3) chemical control reagent combination screening
Chemical control is still one of most common means of the potted plant banyan advantage evil of present control mite, and instant effect, effective is not subjected to the restriction of area, season and area etc., and the different worm attitudes to the tangerine Panonychus citri all have good control efficiency simultaneously.This test is carried out field efficacy to 7 kinds of control medicaments commonly used on the market and is measured, and recommends out quick-acting or lasting effect good, safe and economic control medicament, to control the generation of mite evil better, keeps higher the viewing and admiring and economic worth of potted plant banyan.
Test material:Test site is ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden, ZhangZhou, Fujian; Reagent agent is insecticidal/acaricidal agent commonly used on the market, comprises 4% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 15% pyridaben missible oil, 25% azacyclotin wetting powder, 73% propargite missible oil, 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 11% second mite azole suspending agent; Test plant is banyan Ficus microcarpaGarden-variety, the potted plant genseng banyan of the about 40cm-60cm of plant height.
Test method:The 1st the 4～May of peak period of taking place potted plant banyan evil mite, it is relative with growth tendency consistent to choose cultivation condition, and the ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden that the evil mite is caused harm heavier, if 7 kinds of chemicals treatment, each handles the optimum extension rate that adopts manufacturer's recommended, 4% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 15% pyridaben missible oil and 25% azacyclotin wetting powder all dilute 1200 times, 2500 times of concentration of 73% propargite missible oil dilution, 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 11% second mite azole suspending agent all dilute 5000 times, establish 1 clear water contrast CK simultaneously; Every processing residential quarter 25m2,3 repetitions.5 point samplings are adopted in every residential quarter before the medicine, fixedly choose 5 genseng banyans at every, carry out the investigation of mite mouth radix with hand magnifier, the back uses the back-pack electric sprayer that spray pesticide is carried out 1 time in the residential quarter, the blade face evenly sprays, to blade moistening and begin to have drip till; 1d, 3d, 7d and 10d calculate control efficiency at 5 selected genseng banyan investigation evil mite survival numbers behind the medicine.With DPS 6.55 statistical softwares statistical analysis control efficiency, estimate banyan poisoning situation with reference to pesticide field efficacy medicine test criterion () miticide control tangerine Panonychus citri (GB/T 17980.11-2000), carry out the drug effect multifactorial evaluation at last.
Result of the test:7 kinds of medicaments are seen Fig. 2 to the field control effect of banyan evil mite.15% pyridaben missible oil and 73% propargite missible oil have quick-acting preferably to the evil mite, and the 1d preventive effect reaches 78.22% and 73.62% respectively behind the medicine, and the two difference is not remarkable; Next is 4% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 25% azacyclotin wetting powder, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 11% second mite azole suspending agent, and there is not significant difference in preventive effect each other between 68.12%～69.00%; The quick-acting of 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent slightly a little less than, preventive effect is 60.48%.3～7d behind the medicine, 7 kinds of medicaments have in various degree raising to the field efficacy of evil mite, and the 3d lifting values is all more than 5.36% behind the medicine, and the 7d lifting values is all more than 11.50% behind the medicine; 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 11% second mite azole suspending agent are faster to the hoisting velocity of evil mite preventive effect, and the 3d lifting values just all reaches more than 25.81% behind the medicine.15d～30d behind the medicine, 4% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 15% pyridaben missible oil and 25% azacyclotin wetting powder are relative some more to the field efficacy decline of evil mite, and the 15d drop-out value is between 3.42%～11.05% behind the medicine; Other 4 kinds of pharmacy control efficacies have to rise to have and fall, but amplitude is very low, and the 15d lifting width of cloth is between 0.08%～0.81% behind the medicine, the 30d drop-out value is between 1.55%～3.34% behind the medicine, preventive effect value integral body is kept a high position, has the better prevention effect, and 30d preventive effect value is all more than 91.41% behind the medicine.Measure medicament and all potted plant banyan is not produced poisoning, plant strain growth is normal.Analysis result is as can be known: 7 kinds of medicaments all have certain control efficiency to potted plant banyan evil mite, comparatively fast control harmful mite as need and cause harm, and recommend to use 15% pyridaben missible oil and 73% propargite missible oil; Cause harm as need Sustainable Control evil mite, recommend to use 11% second mite azole suspending agent, 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 73% propargite missible oil successively.
Conclusion:Measuring medicament for 7 kinds has certain control efficiency to potted plant banyan evil mite, and does not all have poisoning.Control harmful mite fast as need and cause harm, recommend to use 15% pyridaben missible oil and 73% propargite missible oil; Cause harm as need Sustainable Control evil mite, recommend to use successively 11% second mite azole suspending agent, 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 73% propargite missible oil successively.When production makes with medicament, need take into full account drug cost and evil mite pesticide resistance, rotate as far as possible or alternatively administered; Simultaneously, also should grasp application method, increase contact probability, the contact area and the amount of contact of mite body and medicament, further improve control efficiency.
2, the application of each stage prevention and control measure
(1) the land for growing field crops nurturing period
1. select suitable ground, garden, the demands such as land used, matrix, illumination, traffic and water power that the potted plant banyan of As soon as possible Promising Policy is grown seedlings and land for growing field crops piece root is cultivated.
2. choose healthy seed fresh, full, ripe, free from insect pests, clean, go to sow after exocarp, vernalization and the sterilization, vernalization is with 60 ℃ of 6000～8000 times of liquid of 25% thiophene worm piperazine water dispersible granules seed soaking, 12 h; After planting clean the seedling room, add little bow member simultaneously above the seedbed, fine day is added a cover the shading screen about 70%, wants the cover film frost protection winter.
3. growth of seedling and piece root nurturing period are all strengthened tending management, when slice leaf of seedling length to 2～3, execute thin fertilizer weekly 1 time, based on liquid manure, and with 6000～8000 times of liquid irrigating roots of 25% thiophene worm piperazine water dispersible granules (30 mL/ strain), rational pruning and diseases prevention worm are in time changed bag and transplant and abandon according to qualifications bad, and that improves healthy and strong high quality seedling goes out garden proportion.
4. reasonable disposition various nursery stocks of planting, bait plant such as science intercropping tropic ageratum or crop rotation be the vegetables of equal genus not, repair natural, ecological, alleviate that harmful mite is taken place and diffusion.
5. study emphasis is controlled worm with worm.Make good use of amblyseius cucumeris oudeman or predation mites such as Chilean little phytoseiid mite or Pasteur's genus amblyseius berlese and control potted plant banyan advantage evil mite, 3～October is when controlling mite with mite, discharge preceding 15～20 d and will carry out clear garden 1 time, every blinds is done harm to the quantity control of acarid (ovum) below 2 (grains); Every furrow " M " type symmetry is thrown in packed predation mite, and every bag of each worm attitude predation mite net content will be controlled 10 m for every bag at least at least more than 500 2Above scope; Discharge in good time, 2～3 cm are tiltedly cut in top, paper bag side, the back is fixed on not by sunlight direct projection, tree crown middle and lower part branch fork place with cord, guarantees fully to contact and be not hung in limb aerial; Discharge in 30 d of back and do not spray any agricultural chemicals, can slightly spray as the case may be behind 30 d the predation lethal little bactericide of mite or selective insecticide.In addition, protect predator insects such as dark some food mite ladybug, minute pirate bugs, black top chrysanthemum stinkbug, 6 thrips, erigonidium graminicolum, Chinese green lacewing, bring into play them to the natural control action of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite population.
6. chemical control is done harm to the mite population quantity as the potted plant banyan advantage of prevention and control and makes potted plant banyan avoid the complementary measure of other sick worms harm.According to the mite feelings on ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden, when the evil mite reaches index for control (movable mite quantity or ovum amount reach 100～150/100 leaves and 50～100/100 leaves respectively), and natural enemy quantity again hour, can determine to use.Control harmful mite fast as need and cause harm, recommend to use 15% pyridaben missible oil and 73% propargite missible oil; Cause harm as need Sustainable Control evil mite, recommend to use successively 11% second mite azole suspending agent, 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 73% propargite missible oil successively.Simultaneously, rotate as far as possible or alternatively administered, and grasp application method, increase contact probability, the contact area and the amount of contact of mite body and medicament.
By above comprehensive prevention and control technical measures, can make the garden proportion that of healthy and strong high quality seedling account for more than 95% of full stand garden, greatly reduce basin and carried banyan evil mite in generation and the harm on ground, plantation garden.
(2) the canopy chamber regulation and control phase
1. exchange the potted plant banyan of transporting into the canopy chamber in garden that goes out and carry out the quarantine system of calling in, when finding the evil mite, available vikane 15 g/m if necessary 3Stifling 1.5 h or 20 g/m of handling 3Fumigate and handle 1 h, prevent its spread in china of evil mite.Simultaneously, potted plant banyan advantage evil mite all has 2 occurrence in peak period every year, should strengthen the insect pest situation monitoring as one sees fit, and using for the selection of comprehensive prevention and control measure provides the decision-making data.
2. select suitable canopy chamber, the demands such as land used, matrix, illumination, traffic and water power of the potted plant banyan canopy of As soon as possible Promising Policy chamber adjusting and controlling growth.
3. strengthen canopy chamber tending management, carry out the work of cleaning, removal of impurities and diseases prevention worm, wipe out overstocked branch, deadwood and sick branch, improve the ventilation illumination condition, science is watered and is applied fertilizer, and the high anti-tetranychid kind of grafting improves the qualification rate of potted plant commodity.
4. reasonable disposition various nursery stocks of planting, canopy chamber natural, ecological is repaired in science intercropping or crop rotation, alleviates that harmful mite is taken place and diffusion.
5. carry out the outdoor physical isolation of enclosing anti-mite of canopy, put the ditch of placing obstacles in layer frame and plot all around in potted plant banyan, irritate circulating water in the ditch or arrange anti-mite viscose filament yarn, further obstruct evil mite crawls into planting area.Simultaneously, will be layered on the surface of potted plant banyan cultivation tray (bag) between watt rib paper (the edge wave width of cloth is 3 mm * 4 mm) or fresh tobacco leaf in good time, or each some gauze that spread coarse colza meal in cultivation layer frame upper berth, trapping evil mite; Also can promote the canopy room temperature of section sometime, make it be in warm steaming state, kill harmful mite indirectly.
6. control mite in potted plant banyan plantation canopy chamber study emphasis with bacterium, utilize the advantage evil mite of the potted plant banyan vegetative stage of pathogenic microorganism prevention and control, as long as discovery has the ovum of tangerine Panonychus citri or as if mite or one-tenth mite, just can select to spray the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum and be prevented or prevention and control in blade.V3450, V16063 in the recommendation use Verticillium lecanii and the fungi suspension (10 of Vp28 bacterial strain 6～10 8Individual spore/ml), spray canopy chamber floor frame and potted plant banyan plant leaf, 3～5 d just have prevention and control effect preferably; But or the spore wetting powder (effective component content 17,000,000,000 spore/grams) in the spore wetting powder in the use beauveria bassiana or dispersed oil suspending agent (effective component content 150～50,000,000,000 spore/grams) and the Metarhizium anisopliae, the spreader-sticker of formulation products collocation 0.1% is diluted 400～800 times, spray canopy chamber floor frame and potted plant banyan plant leaf, use 2～3 times after better the potted plant banyan of prevention and control evil mite cause harm.In addition, also the aqueous extract of natural plants such as chinaberry, tobacco, the tuber of pinellia, thunder godvine can be used separately or joins in the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum, improve the control efficiency of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite.
By above comprehensive prevention and control technical measures, potted plant banyan advantage evil mite is dropped in 0.1% with the harm probability in the generation of canopy chamber, stopped to export potted plant banyan because of the return of goods that mite evil problem causes, improved the qualification rate of potted plant banyan commodity conscientiously.
3, integrated application
From 2011 so far, method of the present invention is adopted in potted plant banyan planting base in ZhangZhou, Fujian, advantage evil mite to the cultivation of potted plant banyan land for growing field crops and canopy chamber regulation and control vegetative stage carries out comprehensive prevention and control, not only improved the ecotope on ground, potted plant banyan plantation garden, natural enemy kind and the quantity of potted plant banyan evil mite have been increased, reduced medication number of times and residue of pesticide, formed the benign cycle of potted plant banyan evil mite ecology regulation and control, ecological benefits are very remarkable; Control is taken place in 5% in potted plant banyan advantage evil mite, saving of work and time, the use of minimizing agricultural chemicals 3～5 times, the mu new profit is more than 2500 yuan, and economic benefit is also very remarkable; Simultaneously, by demonstration, fan out from point to area, promote prevention and control consciousness and the level of flower-grower to potted plant banyan advantage evil mite, improved quality and the export volume of potted plant banyan, promoted enterprise and flower-grower's increasing both production and income, further promoted health and the sustainable development of this industry, social benefit is outstanding.

Claims (1)

1. the method for the potted plant banyan advantage evil of comprehensive prevention and control mite, it is characterized in that: cultivate and canopy chamber regulation and control vegetative stage at the land for growing field crops of potted plant banyan, make up the comprehensive preventing control method that is applicable to these 2 vegetative period, concrete preventing control method comprises:
(1) the land for growing field crops nurturing period
In conjunction with gardens control, biological control and chemical control, make up the prevention and control technical system;
Wherein biological control: utilize the predation mite to control potted plant banyan advantage evil mite, when controlling mite with mite between March to October, the predation mite discharges preceding 15～20 d will carry out clear garden 1 time, and the quantity of every blinds evil acarid or ovum is controlled below 2 or 2; Every furrow " M " type symmetry is thrown in packed predation mite, and every bag of each worm attitude predation mite net content will be controlled 10 m for every bag at least at least at 500 2Scope; Do not spray any agricultural chemicals in 30 d after discharging, can slightly spray as the case may be behind 30 d the predation lethal little bactericide of mite or selective insecticide; Protect the predator insect, bring into play them to the natural control action of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite population;
Chemical control: when evil mite quantity or ovum amount reach 100～150/100 leaves and 50～100/100 leaves respectively, and natural enemy quantity is few, and the outburst that can't control harmful mite is naturally adopted chemical pesticide control when causing harm; Control harmful mite fast as need and cause harm, use 15% pyridaben missible oil or 73% propargite missible oil; Cause harm as need Sustainable Control evil mite, use 11% second mite azole suspending agent, 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent and 73% propargite missible oil successively;
(2) the canopy chamber regulation and control phase
In conjunction with plant quarantine, gardens technology control, physico mechanical control and biological control, make up the prevention and control technical system;
Wherein plant quarantine: exchange the potted plant banyan of transporting into the canopy chamber in garden that goes out and carry out the quarantine system of calling in, when finding the evil mite, adopt vikane 15 g/m 3Stifling 1.5 h or 20 g/m of handling 3Fumigate and handle 1 h, prevent its spread in china of evil mite; Simultaneously, potted plant banyan advantage evil mite has 2 occurrence in peak period every year, should strengthen the insect pest situation monitoring as one sees fit, and using for the selection of comprehensive prevention and control measure provides the decision-making data;
Physico mechanical control: carry out the outdoor physical isolation of enclosing anti-mite of canopy, put the ditch of placing obstacles in layer frame and plot all around in potted plant banyan, irritate circulating water in the ditch or arrange anti-mite viscose filament yarn, further obstruct evil mite crawls into planting area; Be watt rib paper trap band of 3 mm * 4 mm or the surface that fresh tobacco leaf is layered on potted plant banyan cultivation tray or cultivation bag at interval with the edge wave width of cloth in good time, or each some gauze that spread coarse colza meal in cultivation layer frame upper berth, trapping evil mite; Or promote the canopy room temperature of section sometime, and make it be in warm steaming state, kill harmful mite indirectly, but the duration can not be too of a specified duration, in time lower the temperature, in order to avoid potted plant banyan is caused damage;
Biological control: the advantage evil mite that utilizes the potted plant banyan vegetative stage of pathogenic microorganism prevention and control, as long as in blade, find to have the ovum of tangerine Panonychus citri, if mite or become mite, namely selecting to spray the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum is prevented or prevention and control, select a kind of enforcement in the following method: the spore suspension of method one, use Verticillium lecanii V3450, V16063 or Vp28 bacterial strain wherein contains 10 6～10 8Individual spore/ml sprays canopy chamber floor frame and potted plant banyan plant leaf; But method two, use beauveria bassiana 150～50,000,000,000 spores/gram spore wetting powder or dispersed oil suspending agent, or use Metarhizium anisopliae 17,000,000,000 spores/gram spore wetting powder, the spreader-sticker of formulation products collocation 0.1% is diluted 400～800 times, spray canopy chamber floor frame and potted plant banyan plant leaf; Method three, the aqueous extract of natural plants is joined in the pathogenic microorganism microbial inoculum, improve the control efficiency of potted plant banyan advantage evil mite, described natural plants comprises chinaberry, tobacco, the tuber of pinellia, thunder godvine.
CN2013101727150A 2013-05-13 2013-05-13 Method for comprehensively controlling dominant spider mites of potted Chinese banyans Pending CN103238488A (en)

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Application publication date: 20130814