RU2154935C2 - Farm crops cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing soil; performing presowing treatment of seeds and tubers with mixture of activators, immunostimulators, antagonists and complex biological fertilizers (avertrop, rhizoplan, ampelomicine, herbamine, diprene or nematol, complex biological fertilizer, general-purpose symbiont) which are used in half doses compared to doses normally used (mixture 1); applying the mixture combined with biological fertilizers (biological humus, roots mixture in recommended doses) into holes prior to planting; applying, together with biological preparations, Trichogramma production wastes or virus biological preparations production wastes (dead butterflies) with sapropel or rot bird dung or powdered fallen leaves or coniferous needles or branches (mixture 2); performing periodical surface spraying or watering of vegetative plants (once a fortnight), with biological humus being preliminarily thrown and roots mixture being applied into soil (same dosage); settling in soil complex of microorganisms, microbiological antagonists contained in biological preparations; introducing predaceous insects as fauna elements by periodically delivering them in half dosage as compared to dose recommended for given preparation, and microorganisms which are primary nutrient of biological preparations. Prior to spraying with diprine and/or nematol, sodium alginate is used for preventing nematodes from drying and dying. At the initial stage of vegetative period of crops, complex-colored and/or umbrella-leaved plants are planted in crop row spacings for providing additional feed source for imago entomophages. EFFECT: increased yield, improved quality of product, reduced usage of chemicals and mineral fertilizers and provision for preventing environment and yield from contamination with toxic substances. 7 dwg, 3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the technology of cultivating cucumbers and tomatoes in a protected ground and ware potatoes in an open ground.

 The aim of the invention is to increase productivity, increase the yield of vegetables or tubers from a unit of exploited area, improve the consumer qualities of agricultural products against the background of the complete exclusion of the use of chemical plant protection products, a significant reduction in the use of mineral fertilizers, provided that environmentally friendly methods and means of suppressing weeds, diseases and pests are used preventing pollution and crop toxicity substances.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that when growing the claimed agricultural plants in open (potato) or in protected (cucumber or tomato) soil, we carry out the packages of measures we offer to increase productivity and improve the quality of the resulting agricultural products, preventive and protective measures against weeds, diseases and pests set forth in this application.

 A known method of potato-free cultivation of potatoes, including placing potatoes according to the best predecessors, the best stubble, applying organic fertilizers, autumn plowing, harrowing or cultivating, followed by non-sowing plowing, cutting ridges before planting, pre-planting tubers, planting in ridges, row cultivating, fighting by weeds, protection from diseases and pests with the help of biological products, as well as pre-harvest removal of tops and harvesting tubers, and organic fertilizers are introduced into Aase 60 - 120 g / ha, harrowing, tillage, cultivation and mezhryadnye processing performed when the weeds under "white strings" warmed-planting is carried out with incipiently germinating seed tuber eyes disease-resistant potato varieties, using microbiological and entomopathogenic preparations for pre-processing; after planting, the ridge surface is leveled by continuous loosening of the soil, and inter-row cultivation begins after the emergence of potatoes with a constant growth of ridges with a soil layer of 3 - 4 cm with simultaneous loosening of the bottom of the furrow and slopes of the ridges, and the next 2 - 3 inter-row treatments are carried out with an interval of 10 - 12 days before the closure of the tops of potatoes, and microbiological and entomopathogenic preparations are also used to protect plants from diseases and pests.

 As microbiological and entomopathogenic preparations for the treatment of seed tubers, TRICHODERMIN or RIZOPLAN, or a mixture thereof, or a mixture of TRICHODERMIN with PRISTIONHUS, or a mixture of TRICHODERMIN, RIZOPLAN and PRISTIONHUS are used. To protect potatoes from diseases, in particular from late blight, RIZOPLAN or TRIKHODERMIN are used as microbiological biological products, or their mixture, which is treated with tops during the growing season of potatoes from pests, in particular from the Colorado potato beetle, and BITOXIBACYLININ or B is used as an entomopathogenic biological product QOL, or a mixture thereof, or a mixture of VIRINA-KZh and RIZOPLANA, or a mixture of VIRINA-KZh, BITOXIBACILLINE and TRICHODERMINA, or a mixture of VIRINA-KZh, BITOXIBACILLIN and RIZOPLANA, with which the tops are treated during the growing season potato tion; pre-harvesting of tops is carried out mechanically; PRISTIONHUS or its mixtures with TRIKHODERMIN are applied to the soil in the autumn after harvesting potatoes for winter chaff along with organic fertilizers (2).

 Method (2) does not provide reliable protection against potato nematodes, pathogens and migrating adults of the Colorado potato beetle. Our proposed method of cultivation of crops eliminates the above disadvantages.

 There is a method of non-pesticidal production of environmentally friendly agricultural products in a protected ground, including the timely release of a sufficient amount of enkarzia against whiteflies and a sufficient amount of aphidius against aphids, providing high yields of cucumbers devoid of pesticide residues (1).

 However, method (1) does not provide reliable protection against thrips and spider mites, as well as against root rot and nematodes, which have become ubiquitous and widespread in recent years.

 Example 1. The cultivation of cucumbers in a protected ground.

 When cultivating cucumbers in a protected ground, a complex of agricultural, preventive and protective measures is carried out.

 Agrotechnical measures are aimed at obtaining healthy, full-fledged and high-yielding plants; preventive and protective measures are designed to protect cultivated plants from pests and diseases.

 We have implemented a systematic approach to solving agrotechnical and protective measures, since these two systems of measures are organically intertwined, since agrotechnical measures, helping to improve the general condition of plants, at the same time increase the resistance of cultivated plants to pests and diseases, reducing the likelihood of their damage.

 In the process of cultivating cucumbers in a protected ground, a culture is often populated with various pathogenic arthropods and microorganisms, the most harmful of which are whiteflies, aphids, thrips, spider mites, root rot and gall nematodes, which cause a dangerous disease of cucumbers - meloidognosis.

 A special place among pests and diseases of cucumbers in protected ground is occupied by gall nematodes, against which we have developed a whole range of anti-nematode measures.

 Due to the fact that among the varieties of cucumbers there are no nematode resistant varieties (including gall nematodes), this circumstance makes it difficult to combat this dangerous causative agent of the disease - meloidoginosis. However, experiments of recent years have shown that some new-generation biological products are still able to affect the resistance and resistance of cucumbers to the gall nematode, which we took into account when planning measures against this type of pest.

 To increase the resistance of cucumber seedlings to pests and diseases in the seedling department, seeds are treated and two treatments for vegetative plants with a new generation biopreparation called "SIMBIONT UNIVERSAL", which is a 60-70% alcohol extract from the mycorrhiza of the roots of the medicinal plant ginseng .

 The drug is a combination of metabolic products of lower fungi - endophytes with a complex of beneficial microorganisms, contains a unique complex of hormones, 12 - 14 free amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, pigments, lipids and other valuable substances that strengthen the immune system. The drug is available in ampoules or vials. It has a high degree of stability with a shelf life of 3 years.

 The advantages of the biological product are: low consumption rates (valid at a dilution of 0.001%), environmental safety, high efficiency and relatively low cost. SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL is used in a mixture with copper sulfate (0.2 g of copper sulfate per 1 ml of the drug) with the addition of trace elements - salts of copper, iron, boron, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, which increase the effectiveness of the biological product by stimulating oxygen absorption by the soil-plant system.

 Preparation of the working solution: 1 ml of the drug is dissolved in 5 liters of water, mixed thoroughly, then 0.2 g of copper sulfate and 1 tablet of trace elements are added to the ampoule in 1 ml of SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL, making up a single package.

 Prepared in the morning, a working solution of a biological product in a concentration of 0.002% must be used on the day of its preparation. After soaking the seeds for 1 hour, they are removed from the solution and dried, then immediately sown in pre-prepared soil, which is moistened before sowing. For growing seedlings, containers of various configurations filled with soil are used - flowerpots, pots, boxes, peat stoves.

 Processing vegetative plants. First treatment. The treatment with SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL consists in spraying the grown seedlings in phase 1 - 2 of real leaves with a working solution of a biological product in a weaker concentration (0.001%).

 Preparation of working solution. At the rate of 1 ml of the preparation and 0.2 g of copper sulphate, it is dissolved in 100 liters of water to obtain a 0.001% working solution for the sown area of seedlings of 1 hectare, on an area of 0.5 ha, 0.25 ha and 0.1 ha, the volume of the prepared solution decreases accordingly.

 The second treatment. Spraying of seedlings grown in the seedlings is carried out in the phase of 4 - 5 true leaves. Plants are sprayed 1 to 2 days before transferring them from the seedlings and planting them at a permanent place in the greenhouse in a prepared soil. When spraying planting material, the root system of plants should be thoroughly wetted with a working solution of a biological product.

 Growing cucumber plants in greenhouses. In the greenhouse, in the period preceding the planting of spent seedlings, soil is prepared in advance. The technology of soil preparation is as follows. For the first cultivation in winter, to increase productivity, strengthen and strengthen the root system, chlorine-free long-acting mineral fertilizer ROOT MIX is used, which differs from traditional fertilizers in a balanced content of nutrients with a high utilization of nutrients (93 - 95%) versus 35 - 40% in control.

 FERTILIZER ROOT MIXTURE is produced on the basis of disinfected chicken manure with organic and structuring substances, with a complete set of micro and macro elements, maintaining the necessary level with a balanced content of all the necessary nutrients for the full growth and development of plants, which are actually grown in most cases in soil infected with many types of pathogens, especially widespread gall nematodes and causing great economic damage in the second culture rotation. Infectiousness of the soil in the first cultivation is significantly reduced due to thermal treatment of the soil by steaming. The ROOT MIXTURE improves the structure of the soil, promotes the formation of fertile soil, is a long-acting organic fertilizer, creates a favorable moisture-air regime in the root layer in the soil.

The use of fertilizers for the main dressing of the soil: ammonium nitrate 260 kg / ha, lime or dolomite flour 350 kg / ha, in combination with the ROOT MIXTURE at a consumption rate of 760 kg / ha (that is, at the rate of 1 package of the biological product ROOT MIXTURE weighing 70 g per 1 m ² ).

 Fertilizers are applied to the soil surface in the greenhouse, uniformly sprinkling the drug across the soil, without digging. Fertilizer contains a starting dose of nutrients and maintains the necessary level of macro- and micronutrients during the growing season of plants and provides improved soil structure and increase its fertility.

 When growing cucumber plants in separate places, rows and sections, where the painful state of the previous culture was previously noted and where weakened plants are found in this connection, they are fed with BIOGUMUS, which is scattered in a dose of 10 g per each plant around each weakened bush. Top dressing is carried out before the mass flowering of the plant begins. This measure prevents premature wilting and attack of weakened plants. The degree of weakening of plants is determined by conducting appropriate phenological observations.

 The proposed measures are environmentally friendly for plants and humans, provide "germination energy", mass germination of seeds, help to increase their conditioning, increase the condition of planting material (seedlings, cuttings), accelerate the development and growth of a strong root system, with an increase in its volume by one and a half - twice as compared with control, the onset of all phases of phenological development, with an increase in their stability and resistance to adverse environmental influences and to damage diseases and pests throughout the growing season, which ultimately ensures high survival rate and an increase in the yield of healthy seedlings, reduces the accumulation of nitrates and nitrates in fruits and vegetables by 2–3 times, improves the structure of the soil, improves the quality of products, making it environmentally friendly, increases productivity by 20 - 25% and above.

 Only the normal growth and development of plants can provide high and stable crop yields, which is primarily associated with the formation of a well-developed powerful root system, with the volume of its biomass, which ensures a constant flow of water and all the necessary nutrition components from the soil to the plant.

 With a poorly developed root system, the lack of water and nutrient solutions from the soil reduces leaf turgor and the process of photosynthesis interconnected with it, which leads to disruption of all physiological and biochemical functions of both underground and ground organs of vegetative plants.

 The weakened state of vegetative plants leads to premature wilting of the leaves, proceeding with pronounced chlorosis, which leads to a shortage of the planned crop, a deterioration in the taste and technological qualities of the products.

 The reason for the poor development of the root system and the generally diseased state of plants is many abiotic (weather) conditions - temperature, humidity, amount of precipitation and periods of their precipitation, plant growing conditions and conditions in protected ground, irrigation timing and quality, structure, pH, fertility soil, etc. and biotic factors - the condition of the seeds and planting material, varietal specificity, field endurance (tolerance) of plants to the effects of adverse environmental conditions and the defeat of various kinds of pests and diseases.

 An important role in improving the development of the root system is played by anthropogenic factors (human activities), strict implementation of the technological regulations for the cultivation of crops using new generation biologics (immunostimulants, root mixtures, root nutrients), top dressing in the form of biohumus in combination with appropriate progressive agricultural practices and the introduction of sustainable cultivars and crop rotations that contribute to improving the structure of the soil, increasing its fertility and reducing the invasive load with storing complex useful antagonists of soil organisms and harmful phytopathogens, which in turn contributes to a strong root system capable of actively resist invasion of root-knot nematode infective larvae and related agents of bacterial and fungal diseases. A highly developed root system significantly increases the threshold of harmfulness of gall nematodes.

 Measures to combat gall nematodes are divided into preventive and extermination. Preventive measures include protecting the root system of cultivated plants from the stock of invasive nematode larvae remaining in the soil or disinfecting the soil from residual nematodes. Due to the fact that plants weakened by the nematode are much more likely to become infected with root rot and other bacterial and fungal diseases, prophylaxis is carried out simultaneously against nematodes and associated microbiological pathogens (pathogenic complex), which aggravate the pathogenic processes in the affected plant.

Among the preventive measures against the nematodomicrobiological pathogenic complex include: thermal disinfection (steaming) of the soil - a measure generally accepted in greenhouses - a method of disinfecting the soil by heating it to 90-100 ^o C under pressure in two atmospheres. Although this method is widely practiced, it is rather ineffective and expensive, especially in conditions of economic crises, when energy prices soar. In addition, when using this method, along with the destruction of galloid nematodes, pathogenic microflora and fauna, beneficial microorganisms and arthropods, so necessary in the root zone of vegetative plants, die in the soil. This circumstance negates efforts aimed at establishing biological equilibrium within the framework of cultivated monocultures.

In our developments, this method was successfully replaced by biological heating of the soil using a plant mixture of straw, fallen needles and autumn fallen leaves in a ratio of 8: 1: 1. To do this, in places of future planting of cucumbers, they dig a trench 30 cm wide and 60 cm deep, and dug the earth out of the greenhouse. 1/3 of the trench is filled with the described mixture and filled with newly brought uncontaminated humus soil. Plants are planted in freshly brought soil, trenches formed in rows, at the usual distance from each other. In the subsequent period, the straw-coniferous-leaf mixture is heated to a temperature of 70-80 ^o C due to the occurrence of natural biological processes, which contributes to the rapid and powerful root formation of cucumbers, since the temperature of the soil in the basal layer reaches 22-26 ^o C. Invasive larvae of the gall nematode cannot overcome the layer of straw-coniferous-leaf mixture and die by 70 - 80%. In addition to steaming the soil, the described measure is partially replaced by another widely used traditional prophylactic method of combating gall nematodes in protected ground conditions - replacing infected soil to a depth of 60 cm, which, like steaming road soil, is also not effective enough, since most of the gall nematode larvae descend deeper than 60 cm.

 To prevent the migration of invasive larvae of the gall nematode from the inter-row space, an integral part of anti-nematode measures is the use of new highly effective environmentally friendly biologics of the new generation, which have a complex effect against nematodes and concomitant cucumber diseases. These are biologics NARCISSIS, DIPRIN, TRICHODERMIN, various strains of fungi of the genus Trichoderma, NEMATOFAGIN ACTIVATED (NEMATOFAGIN-A).

 Narcissus is a new generation drug awarded with an award - Gold medal of the All-Russian Exhibition Center "International Salon 1996". The active principle of DARCISSA is the natural polysaccharide HITOZAN, which is secreted biotechnologically from the shell of some types of crustaceans, the drug is safe for humans, the environment and farm animals. Allowed by the State Chemical Commission in the form of a 40% solution for open retail sales. Its high biological activity against gall nematodes was noted. The drug NARCISS with growth-regulating and immunomodulating action stimulates the production of phytoalexins by plants, which increase the resistance of cucumbers to the gall nematode and root rot and inhibits the activity of other pathogens of concomitant diseases.

 Biological product NARCISS, suppressing the vital activity of the gall nematode and associated root rot, does not negatively affect the complex of beneficial soil organisms. Spraying with a biologic drug NARCISSIS also inhibits the growth and development of powdery mildew, anthracosis, fusarium, and bacteriosis. Double treatment of the growing plants of cucumbers with the NARCISS biopreparation prevents premature mass attack of plants that occurs from the onset and development of a complex disease when the disease caused by gall nematodes is combined with root rot, which is the most dangerous for greenhouse plants, resulting in a significant shortage of the crop of cucumbers.

 The technology of the use of Daffodil. The consumption rate of the narcissus biological product at the rate of 25 liters per sown area of cucumbers in 1 ha. The recommended concentration of the working solution for soil disinfection is 0.001%, which is prepared as follows: 250 ml of the drug NARCISS are dissolved in 1000 liters of water. Prepared working solution at a concentration of 0.0001% is added to pre-prepared wells (before planting them) 1.5 to 2 liters per well. Before entering the wells of the working solution of the narcissus biological product, the wells are thoroughly moistened with water. Then planted cucumber plants grown in seedlings. The validity period of a biological product from the moment of its introduction into the soil is 3 weeks. In 20 - 25 days after the first application to the wells with the drug NARCISS in the same low dosage at a concentration of 0.0001%, the planted rooted cucumber plants are sprayed. Most root should be moistened with biological product.

 DIPRIN - a new generation biological product, created on the basis of a strain of entomopathogenic nematodes Pristionchus uniformis var. Oz. Nematoda, Diplogasteridae. In addition to destroying a complex of harmful soil arthropods in the soil, such as the Colorado potato beetle, wireworms, May grub larvae, pupae, etc., it also has a phytonematodostatic effect. Under the influence of live invasive nematode larvae, gall nematodes sharply reduce fertility, as a result of which the number of the parasite in the soil drops sharply. The results of microscopic analysis of root samples and soil samples showed that with a single application of DIPRIN under vegetative cucumber plants, the number of invasive larvae of the gall nematode in the root layer of the soil and in plants decreased on average by 35 - 40%, with repeated application of DIPRIN around the plant, a decrease in the invasive start at 55 - 70%, depending on the concentration of the drug. The drug also increases the resistance of plants to concomitant root rot. DIPRIN is used at a concentration of 100,000 active invasive larvae per 1 square meter (0.5 larval equivalents for the test object - winter moth caterpillars). The biological product is also used in combination with trichogram production wastes or with biohumus, or with powder from fallen autumn leaves. The biological product is at the stage of biological testing and does not have mass production.

 TRICHODERMIN is a biological product created on the basis of microscopic antagonist fungi from the genus Trichoderma. Various strains of this genus of fungi limit the number of gall nematodes (Trichoderma koningi, pcs. 1/31); various strains of Trichoderma lignorum are used against concomitant pathogens that cause root rot (pieces 81, pieces 256, Istoksky, pieces L-17, pieces M-10, pieces Omsky, pieces 119 - 80, pieces TBD-93 , pcs. TK-13, etc.), pcs. are used against white rot. Trichoderma lignorum (pieces of Istok and pieces of L-17, 119-80); against leaf rot - pcs. Istoksky and pcs. SK-14-85; against fruit rot - pcs. Istoksky SK-14-85 and pcs. 119-80; against gray rot - pcs. SK-14-85 and pcs. 119-80; against powdery mildew - a microbiological biological product based on Ampelomyces artemisia, pcs. A (cucumber). Trichodermin in liquid or dry form is produced by domestic industry.

 ACTIVATED NEMATOPHAGIN (Nematophagin A), a biological product whose active principle is the nematodophage fungus Arthrobotris oligospora Fres, is activated by the supernatant of Pristionchus uniformis var. Oz. (waste product of the biological product DIPRIN). The supernatant sharply increases the formation of nematodophagous fungi of the number of hunting rings with which they trap and suck out invasive larvae of gall nematodes, which leads to an increase in the biological effectiveness of the biological product to 76 - 80%.

 The serial production of the biological product is not organized; it is at the stage of biological testing.

 For the fight against bacteria (bacteriosis of cucumbers of various origin) and fungal diseases (anthracnose, ascochitosis, white rot, root rot, gray rot of various origin, mucous fungi, leaf burn, peronosporosis, brown spotting, olive spotting, powdery mildew) of various origin are also used biological product AGAT-25.

 With the wide spread of gall nematode, root rot, powdery mildew and other diseases, foci of complex lesions (multi-pathogenic diseases) arise, which contribute to premature wilting of plants and their death.

 In this regard, the seedling department provides for the cultivation of the necessary complex of reserve plants to replace prematurely dead plants from multipathogenic diseases with gall nematodes, together with bacterial and fungal diseases. Prematurely wilted and dying plants are removed immediately along with the root system and radical infected soil. Places under the removed plants are disinfected with a narcissistic drug NARCISSIS and DIPRIN or with a mixture of TRICHODERMIN NEMATOCID with TRICHODERMIN of a different spectrum of activity or activated supernatant of an entomopathogenic nematode with a biological product NEMATOFAGIN-A. After treatment of the sites of removal of dead and weakened plants with the described biological products, reserve plants are planted, followed by feeding the BIOGUMUS biological product, which ensures the normal growth and development of planted plants.

 After the final harvest of cucumbers, all plants are immediately removed along with the root system. Slowing down the removal of plants from the soil and their removal outside the greenhouse complex will contribute to the decay of the root system tissues affected by gall nematodes and to the increase in soil contamination by decaying galls and singals from the roots, the larvae emerging from the dropped galls and singals into the soil usually migrate to deeper layers arable horizon (to a depth of 60 cm or more), as for eggs, they are inside large galls and do not die even under the influence of thermal steaming of the soil.

 In the inter-rotation period - between the completed first cultural revolution - in order to reduce the density of the gall nematode population in the soil, it is recommended to plant unaffected lots of onions on greens, sowing peas as a “trapping crop”, and oatmeal mix is also suitable for this purpose. These cultures adsorb free invasive larvae of the gall nematode to their root system, after which the plants are torn out with roots and transported to cattle for food. This event provides a significant disinfection of the soil from gall nematodes. Cucumber plants planted in such areas suffer from nematodes to a much lesser extent (30–40%).

 For preventive purposes, it is also necessary to carry out the following measures in the territories of greenhouse complexes: to have separate agricultural equipment attached to a separate greenhouse, to conduct periodic disinfection of containers, work clothes and safety shoes, to ensure timely and accurate removal of dead plants, to prevent their scattering along the transportation route as in within the greenhouse, and beyond, to ensure that infected material (plants, infected basal soil, from untreated lesions of root-knot nematode, and is further selected from the soil the plant residues located therein).

 It should be borne in mind that in scraps of roots affected by gall nematodes, in the ooteks, the nematode eggs contained (in each hundred several thousand eggs) do not all die during thermal soil treatment by steaming. As for large galls, high temperature does not reach them through the thick and dense parenchyma of the tissue, and the eggs in the ooteks remain viable, which poses a great danger to subsequent culture revolutions, and also creates significant additional material costs for acquiring essential preparations annually at significantly larger quantities to reduce soil contamination and to increase endurance and resistance to damage by invasive nematode larvae remaining in the soil, not timely from Treatment with cleaning infected plants at the end of their growing season and at harvest prematurely wilted and dead plants.

 On plants affected by gall nematodes, necrosis develops in the affected areas, accompanied by blockage of the conductive system, which slows down and sometimes completely stops the flow of water and nutrients from the soil into the plant. The biological product SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL in combination with the biological product ROOT MIXTURE, carried out by feeding the weakened diseased plants with the biological product BIOGUMUS, creates favorable conditions for the plant, contributing to the development of additional additional roots and thickening of the stem, through which the nutrient flows to the plant and other substances and other substances intensely. developing vegetative organs.

Thus, against the gall nematodes and the complex of bacterial and fungal diseases of cucumbers associated with meloidoginosis, in our comprehensive protective system of measures, the following agrotechnical, preventive, protective, pathogenostatic and fighter measures are provided:
- Prevention of the import into the greenhouse complexes of invasive and other pathogenic factors (separate equipment, disinfection of containers, protective clothing, safety shoes, the presence of disinfection sites, timely removal and disposal of waste, etc.);
- timely removal and landfill of falling plants along with basal soil;
- partial or complete change of infected soil in the greenhouse to sterile;
- strict adherence to cultivation of cultivated plants (temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, daylight hours);
- thermal disinfection or substitute biological heating of the soil;
- the presence in the seedlings of the reserve plants for the replacement of fallen plants with newly planted;
- in the interrotational period, sowing followed by removal and removal to fodder for livestock (together with roots and root soil) of plants - adsorbents of invasive larvae of the gall nematode - onion, pea, oatmeal mixture, etc.);
- in order to regulate the number of gall nematodes and concomitant meloidoginosis of putrefactive diseases, apply pathogenostatic and exterminating biological products of a new generation - AGAT-25, AMPELOMYCIN, DIPRIN, NARCISSIS, NEMATOFAGIN-A, various forms of TRICHOHERMIN, RIZOPLAN - in accordance with our recommendations;
- in order to improve the general physiological state of cucumber plants and create a powerful root system, which helps to increase resistance to melodeginosis and concomitant diseases, use a new generation of biological products - BIOGUMUS, ROOT MIXTURE, SIMBION UNIVERSAL.

The most significant advantages of the proposed set of measures to combat gall nematodes and concomitant diseases in a protected ground can be pointed to the following:
- the use of biological heating of the soil reduces the invasive background by 60-70%, changes the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of the mycorrhiza of cucumber plants in a favorable direction, contributes to the heating and formation of a powerful root system of the cultivated crop, helps to save energy and energy;
- the use of plants - adsorbents of gall nematodes - leads to a prophylactic decrease in the natural background of soil contamination with gall nematodes;
- the use of biological preparations BIOGUMUS, ROOT MIXTURE, SYMBIONT-UNIVERSAL helps to strengthen the general physiological state of cultivated plants and their formation of a more powerful root system, increase resistance to invasion of microbiological pathogens and nematodes;
- the use of biological products AGAT-25, AMPELOMYCIN, DIPRIN, NARCIS, various forms of TRICHODERMIN and RIZOPLAN helps to reduce the fecundity of female gall nematodes (DIPRIN), to exterminate the invasive larvae of gall nematodes (NEMATOFAGIN-A) and to improve their general physiological state, to improve their physiological state potency of gall nematodes (NARCISSUS), stopping the development of microbiological pathogens of cucumbers (root rot, etc.) - AGAT-25, various forms of TRICHODERMINA and RIZOPLAN.

 A systematic approach to the implementation of our proposed new technology for combating gall nematodes and related diseases in a protected ground, where the cultivated seedlings of cucumber plants are planted in the majority of the soil infected with gall nematodes, root rot pathogens and other related pathogens, is the use of our technology with the use of biological products of a new generation, throughout the growing season, starting from soaking seeds, growth control effective and high immunomodulatory effect, which provides increased productivity by 15-20% and higher and guarantees the production of environmentally friendly products.

 The proposed method of combating gall nematodes and related diseases eliminates the occurrence of negative effects inherent in traditional technology with a widespread enthusiasm for the use of highly toxic preparations such as chloropicrin against gall nematodes, which pollutes the environment, manufactured products, destroys beneficial microflora and fauna, negatively affects the health of staff, creates technical difficulties when working with pesticides, leads to large material costs am

 Since microbiological control agents, in contrast to the pesticides used, are living organisms in most cases, their application requires the creation of appropriate bioecological conditions for them, as close as possible to the natural optimum of their natural existence, as well as supplying them with basic or additional nutrition. In this regard, fungal antagonist microorganisms, such as NEMATOFAGIN-A, TRIKHODERMIN, as well as the nematode biological product DIPRIN, are introduced together with the corresponding ecological substrate and various nutritional supplements. This is sapropel or waste from trichogram production (dead butterflies of mill mill or cereal moth), or waste from the production of biological preparations VIRIN-ABB, VIRIN-KS, VIRIN-OS, VIRIN-NSh, VIRIN-XS (dead American white butterflies, butterflies of cabbage scoops winter scoops, cotton scoops, unpaired silkworms, etc.), or a semi-finished product of vermicompost at the stage of processing chicken manure by an American California worm. The saprophytic phases of entomopathogenic nematodes develop well in these substrates. To maintain the vitality of the trichoderma, powder is added to the soil where cucumber plants are cultivated from naturally fallen autumn leaves of tree species or from naturally fallen conifer needles of larch or evergreen conifers (pine, spruce) that the fungus is able to feed on.

 Of great importance when growing cucumbers in a protected ground is the organization of biological control of harmful insects and ticks - this is the greenhouse whitefly, thrips, spider mites.

 Against the greenhouse whitefly, its active endogenous parasite ENCARSIA is successfully used.

 ENKARZIA (Encarsia formosa Hahan.) Or other similar species of this genus infects greenhouse (= greenhouse) whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporamorum W.) in protected ground. The active principle of this biological control agent is the larvae of this insect, which eat larvae of whiteflies from the inside. The entomophage belongs to the order Hymenoptera, which also includes a number of other species of parasitic riders and many useful insects of other species - ants, bees, wasps, etc. Adult Enkarsia is a small, elegant insect with four folding wings on the back, an aspen waist, and an elongated ovipositor. Flying from place to place, winged individuals look for whitefly larvae wherever they hide, especially on the underside of leaves, and lay their eggs in them. One female is able to infect from 100 to 500 pest larvae. Encarzia larvae emerging deep in the body of the pest appear 8–10 days after hatching. Before pupation, ENKARZIA larvae do not leave the whitefly's body cavity, using its hide as a shelter. In affected whitefly larvae, a dark rim first appears, and then it turns bright black, which differs sharply from its unaffected counterparts. The skins of the affected whitefly larvae with the enkarsia pupae located in them are called mummies. After 10-12 days, adult ENKARSIA formed in the pupae are fledged, make a hole in the whitefly skin, fly out and immediately begin to defeat new whitefly larvae.

 WHEELS - a serious pest of vegetable crops, especially in protected ground (film and glazed greenhouses, greenhouses). An adult insect resembles a tiny snow-white butterfly. Breeding in mass, with their larvae they almost completely cover the underside of the leaves. Sometimes the number of larvae reaches 1-3 thousand individuals per leaf. By sucking juice from leaf veins, whitefly larvae weaken the plant, and reproduction in large quantities often leads to complete drying of the plants. Using the sweet secretions of whiteflies on the affected leaves, a so-called soot fungus often develops, which exacerbates the situation.

 ENCARZIA is used in two forms - in the form of mummies and in the form of winged imagoes. Enkarsia mummies resemble whitefly larvae in appearance and differ from them in black color. Length 1.5-2 mm. Adults are living flying insects with wings typical for hymenoptera. Abdomen not elongated. The insect is dark in color, 2-3 mm long.

 ENCARZIA is used by laying out mummies on the territory of the protected soil or by periodically mass production of adults by placing open containers with winged insects.

 The use of ENKARZIA is both prophylactic and fighter in nature.

Preventive use. During preventive measures in film or glazed greenhouses, viable ENKARSIA mummies of one blackening day in the amount of 10 individuals per 1 m ^{2 of} useful area in the absence of cultivated plants or after planting them from the nursery are introduced into biocenoses every two weeks. For this, the ENKARZIA mummies of 100, 1000 or 10000 individuals are placed in special cages (see Fig. 1) with a continuous top cover 1 in order to prevent water from entering the water during irrigation and holes 2 on the side for the departure of winged imagoes. Gardens with mummies of ENKARZIA are hung over the entire area of the greenhouse regardless of the presence of cultivated plants and whiteflies, and the supply of mummies in cages is renewed every two weeks. At the bottom of each cage, moistened cotton wool 3 is placed on which mummies are poured. Vata is necessary so that the enkarsia mummies do not dry out, which is why the percentage of departure of winged individuals is significantly reduced. With this method of using ENKARZIA, migratory and introduced whiteflies will inevitably be attacked by those moving in search of a victim of the ENKARSIA adult and the further spread of whiteflies will cease. Gardens with mummies are hung on plants or armatures. Departing adults immediately go in search of whitefly larvae - food for future offspring. ENKARZIA is a specialized entomophage and is absolutely harmless to other types of insects. In order to correctly calculate the number of containers to be hung up and the total number of parasite mummies needed, it is recommended to use table 1.

 Fighter events. Calculation of the required number of mummies or imagoes of introduced ENCARSIA. In different parts of the greenhouse, 100 leaves of the cultivated crop are randomly torn off and the number of whitefly larvae on each leaf individually is calculated. To this amount is added the number of eggs laid. Then calculate the average value and multiply by the number of plants in the greenhouse, thereby determining the stock of the pest. The resulting number is doubled (the predicted stock of the pest during the peak number before the active influence of the parasite begins), and the resulting number is divided by 10, thereby obtaining the number of mummies or adults of ENKARSIA necessary to suppress the focus of the whitefly in the protected greenhouse. Mummy cages or containers with ENCARSIA imagoes are hung up or placed in the same quantities as in the preventive fight (table 1). The effectiveness of ENCARSIA is calculated 15, 20, and 25 days after the introduction of the entomophage, calculating the percentage reduction in the number of whiteflies in the experiment for all accounting dates. Within a month, released in recommended doses, ENKARSIA completely suppresses the activity of the pest.

 The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill (the active principle of various forms of the biological product BOVERIN) is also effective against whiteflies. Active strains 80 are N 1 and Y-h-89, as well as another microscopic fungus Cephalosporium (Verticillium) lecanii, strain AG P82, pc. H., Pcs. S-3, pcs. U-57 (the active principle of the biological product VERTICILLIN).

 A whole complex of entomophages can be used against aphids, the main of which is the endoparasite AFIDIUS.

 AFIDIUS (Aphidius matricariae Hal.) Or other similar species of this genus are active agents in the biological control of aphids (Aphididae family) of the order of the winged proboscis. The active principle of the biological control agent is AFIDIUS larvae, which eat larvae and adults of aphids from the inside.

Entomophage belongs to the order Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera). Adults AFIDIUS - small slender graceful insects with four folding wings on the back, aspen waist and elongated ovipositor. The adults of AFIDIUS fly well and quickly, especially active in clear sunny weather. They do not tolerate heat well above 35 ^o C. On such days, they prefer to remain in the shade. Flying from place to place within a radius of 15 m, winged individuals look for colonies or individual aphids, usually sitting on the underside of leaves or on plant stems or flowers, and lay their eggs in them. One female AFIDIUS is able to infect from 100 to 500 pests. AFIDIUS larvae emerging in the body cavity of aphids without leaving the body of the pest begin to develop, stop the development of the host and feed on its insides until pupation. Pupation occurs in the body cavity of the pest. AFIDIUS larvae use the skin of the aphids they have killed as a refuge. Affected in this way, aphids freeze in unnatural poses and are distinguished by bloated stomachs. The light brown skins of the affected aphids with the AFIDIUS pupae located in them were called mummies. After 10-12 days, adult AFIDIUS (adults) formed in the pupae make a rather large hole (visible with a simple eye or using a slightly magnifying magnifier) in the aphid skin and fly out and immediately begin to search for and defeat new victims. The adults of AFIDIUS, like many other hymenopterans, need additional nutrition of umbrella or pollen plants (dill, carrots, sunflowers, etc.) as nectar and pollen, therefore it is highly advisable to have AFIDIUS as a biological control agent in the greenhouse at any time during the growing season of cucumbers and flowering umbrella or Asteraceae plants.

 AFIDIUSA is used in two forms - in the form of mummies and in the form of winged imagoes. AFIDIUS mummies resemble larvae or adults of aphids of light brown color with bloated stomachs. Length 2-5 mm. Adults are living flying small insects with four hymenoptera wings. The abdomen is not very elongated. Dark insects. The length is 2-3 mm. AFIDIUSA is used by laying out mummies on the territory of the protected ground or periodic (every two weeks) mass production of adults by placing open containers with winged insects, as well as by creating conditions for the constant reproduction of AFIDIUSA on the protected territory.

 The use of AFIDIUS can be both preventive and fighter in nature. The use of AFIDIUS for preventive purposes provides for the periodic (at least once every two weeks) release of AFIDIUS imago or the layout of its mummies in the protected area. Fighter measures include the release of imago or the layout of mummies in quantities proportional to the number of aphids.

Preventive actions. When carrying out preventive measures in film or glazed greenhouses, in greenhouses, viable AFIDIUS mummies in the amount of 10 individuals for each 1 m ^{2 of} usable area in the absence of cultivated plants or after their planting from the nursery are introduced into biocenoses every two weeks. For this, AFIDIUS mummies of 100, 1000 or 10000 individuals are placed in special cages (see Fig. 1). With this method of using AFIDIUS, migrating and introduced aphids will inevitably be detected and destroyed by actively moving in search of the victim of AFIDIUS adults, and the further spread of aphids in this greenhouse will cease. Gardens with mummies are hung on plants or armatures. Departing adults immediately go in search of aphids. It is allowed to use the described cages and containers for adults for the joint release of AFIDIUS against aphids and ENKARZIA against whiteflies. AFIDIUS is a specialized entomophage and is absolutely harmless to other types of insects. The insect does not bite, aesthetically pleasing and harmless. In order to correctly calculate the number of necessary parasite mummies and the number of containers to be hung, it is recommended to use the table 1 that we offer.

 Fighter events. The calculation of the required number of mummies or imagoes of introduced AFIDIUS is carried out according to the same principle as for ENKARSIA with the difference that the number of larvae and adults of aphids is calculated for 100 randomly picked leaves of cucumbers, and the obtained average value is not multiplied by 2, as is the case with counting whiteflies, and by 5 (the reproduction rate of aphids is higher than that of whiteflies). Within a month, AFIDIUS released in recommended doses completely suppress the action of pests.

 Approximately the same kind of effect on aphids has another endogenous entomophage - LYSIFLEBUS.

 In addition to endogenous parasites, aphids are readily eaten by many species of insects. Their widespread use is largely limited by the poorly developed methods for their mass reproduction.

 In addition to various types of AFIDIUS (Aphidius matricariae Hal., Aphidius difinensis Ashm.), The following types of arthropod entomophages are also used against various species of aphids (mainly melons, potatoes, and peaches): predatory larvae of the gall midge of aphidimisa insect (Aphidoletes aphidimisa isond). dipterans (Diptera); larvae of various species of lacewings (pearl, Chinese, beautiful, seven-dotted - Chrysopa carneal, Ch. Septempunetata, Ch. sinica, etc.) - insects from the order of the retina (Neuroptera) of the family of lacewings (Chrysopidae); larvae and adults of ladybugs - seven-spotted (Coccinella septempunctata), cyclone (Cycloneda limbifer Gassey), ladybug - conccinellida (Leis dimicliata Fabr.), diaretiella (Diaretiella rapemilutosh) - insects from the family of beetles (Coleoptera) Coleop; larvae and adults of common camels, larvae of wreath sirphs, etc. (insects from the order Diptera) of the family of buzzers (Syrphidae), etc.

 A number of pathogenic microorganisms can also be used against aphids, on the basis of which microbiological entomopathogenic preparations have been created in recent years, in particular AVERTROP, the active principle of the entomopathogenic fungus Streptomyces avertimilis Aeb. , VERTICILLIN - active principle entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii, pcs. AG-P82 (mainly against gourds), pcs. 12 pcs. RAch89, pcs. Otp89 and others, FITOVERM and CEPHALOSPORIN - the active principle is the entomopathogenic fungus Cephalosporium lecanii or ENTOMOFTORIN - the active principle is the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophtora thaxteriana and others.

Gall midge-aphidimisa (Aphidoletes aphidimisa Rond.) - an active entomophage of aphids. Orange fly larvae suck aphid larvae. Each larva destroys 10-15 individuals of the pest in one day. Especially actively eats peach, melon and potato aphids. Pupils in the soil in fragile cocoons. Pupa is removed from the diapause and stored in the refrigerator for 6-8 months at a temperature of 2-4 ^o C. Pupae are brought into the greenhouses in containers filled with moist soil. Drying of the soil leads to the death of pupae. Departing flies find colonies and individual aphids and lay their eggs near them. Hatching larvae of the gall midge rush to their victims. When carrying out preventive measures periodically (1 time per month), viable pupae or adult flies are introduced at the rate of 10-30 individuals per 1 m ² . During fighter events, the gall midge is released in quantities calculated in the same way as for the release of AFIDIUS.

 Gall midge larvae released in the required amount completely destroy the pest 2-3 weeks after release.

 BACK EYE - beautiful insects with golden eyes, for which they got their name. Exterior, they resemble miniature dragonflies with four pale green or bluish wings with pronounced mesh veins, for which this group of insects was called retina-winged. It flies little, reluctantly, not far, slowly and badly, and therefore often becomes the prey of insectivorous animals, often moves with the help of wind. Female lacewings lay eggs with groves on the underside of plant leaves, placing them on long thin legs resembling tiny stems or fruiting bodies of microscopic imperfect fungi, which is why leaders who are ignorant in this matter often try to carry out a chemical fight with them. Some naturalists compare the eyes of the big-eyed egg with droplets of viscous, dull-white juice protruding from the mouths of the leaves, which are stretched on the strings, and even freeze before they reach the ground. After 3-4 days, larvae crawl out of the eggs, which immediately go hunting for aphid larvae.

 The laceworm larvae are spindle-shaped flat, they drag on the backs of the skin of aphids, scales and cobwebs. Their jaws resemble crustacean claws or mandibles of narwhals. After pushing the aphids and getting close to the selected larva, they suddenly pierce the mandibles into the sides of the aphids. The victim begins to subside before our eyes. The predator throws a long skin on its back and goes for the next prey. The lacewings are destroyed not only by aphids, but also by spider mites, and adult individuals sometimes suck out small caterpillars. The laceworm larva feeds for 2-3 weeks, destroying about a thousand aphid larvae, and then finds a suitable secluded place and weaves a small white cocoon, which is sometimes mistaken for a cocoon of spider eggs, in the cocoon it pupates. Before departure, the lid of the cocoon opens, the pupa creeps out and turns into an adult insect. Having dried up and spreading wings, she goes for nectar.

 Larvae, pupae, or lacewings eggs are introduced into greenhouses. It is most effective to release large quantities of predatory larvae of 2 or 3 ages. Consumption rates are the same as for gall midges. The effect is the same.

 GIRLS OF GOD - representatives of various genera of the family of cows (Coccinellidae) from the order of beetles (Coleoptera).

 Adult insects are pretty, beautifully colored and, perhaps, the most famous of all existing entomophages. Pupa of ladybugs, attached with ponytails to the underside of leaves and orange in color with dots hanging down, are often confused with dolphins of the Colorado potato beetle and destroyed by inexperience. The eggs of the entomophage also resemble the eggs of the Colorado potato beetle, but they are much smaller and more yellow in color in contrast to the bright orange eggs of the Colorado potato beetle. It should be noted that the larvae of the Colorado potato beetle never pupate on the leaves, but go pupate in the soil.

 The bristles covered with warts and bright spots, the gray-brown larvae of GODBIRDS eat aphids on a par with adults. Ladybugs destroy various types of aphids in large quantities. Certain types of entomophage are bred in biological laboratories. An adult GODBIRD lives 30 to 40 days, during which time it lays from 100 to 1000 eggs. The usual seven-point GOD'S COW during its existence eats from 400 to 800 aphids, and some individuals eat up to several thousand aphids. Larvae appear 3 to 4 days after the laying of eggs. One larva eats about 50 aphids per day. The imago needs additional nutrition with nectar or pollen, which is why flowering plants, best of all umbellate or asteraceae (chamomile, dill, coriander, carrots, sunflowers, etc.) should always grow in the greenhouse. The norms of release are the same as for the gall midge. The effect is the same.

 The camel is common - small forest insects, the larvae of which penetrate under the bark of trees, where they feed mainly on bark beetles, oil beetles and sapwood. This insect got its name from the external similarity of the head and long neck of an adult insect with camels. The insect itself resembles a small dragonfly, freckle or mayfly. The entomophage is bred in a biological laboratory and released into greenhouses against aphids. The norms of release are the same as for the gall midge. The effect is the same.

 SIRPHIDS (= HUMMERS, = HUNTERS, = FLOWERS) - flies from the order of dipterans (Diptera) of the family of syrfids (Surphidae). The color and shape of the body make the syrfids resemble stinging hymenopterans (wasps, bees), they are often even confused with each other. Obviously, this property is associated with an attempt to "trick" insectivorous animals that prefer not to get involved with bees and wasps. In-flight beetles love to "stand" in the air for a long time in one place in the shade, or basking in the sun, uttering a melodic buzz, for which they received yet another of their names, "buzzers". Being scared, they instantly change their location and freeze again in place.

 Sulfide can often be found in vivo on flowers, where they eat pollen and nectar. These beautiful flies are often found on tall umbrella plants, grasses, in the forest, by the river, on the testes of carrots, onions, dill, in gardens, on spireas and hawthorn, in gardens, in parks, on the field, buckwheat flowers are visited. It is because of this craving for flowers that the beetles also have the name "flower girls."

 SIRFID larvae predate by eating many aphids or other small insects.

 The larva of a fly-bug is a small, slightly less than a centimeter translucent "worm," similar to an elongated drop. The larva slowly creeps, pumping its body from a blunt end to a sharp one, then raises its head, sways it and, throwing it to the side, sticks into the body of aphids. After a few seconds, only the skin remains from the aphids, and the predator is already approaching the next prey. In a day, such a larva destroys up to 200 aphids, and in 2 - 3 weeks of its existence - up to 2000 individuals. When such a larva grows, it ceases to hunt for aphids, attaches itself to some petiole of the leaf, where it is covered with a dense brown crust, turning into a chrysalis (for diptera, the pupa is called "puparium"). After one to two weeks, the pupar bursts and a syrfid fly hatches from it. Having dried up and spreading its wings, it goes to the flowers for nectar and pollen. The female cocks lay from 150 to 200 eggs.

 Sulfide is bred in biolaboratory conditions and released against aphids in protected ground conditions. The most active against aphids is CIRCULAR SIRF. The norms of release are the same as for the gall midge. The effect is the same.

 Flying entomophages - aphidiuses, lysiflebuses, gall midges, lacewing, cows, sirfids, camels - starve in the absence of flowering plants and leave the greenhouses through transoms in the summer, rush in search of food and do not return to their former place. Therefore, in the conditions of greenhouses, it is always necessary to have a set of flowering Asteraceae and umbrella plants capable of at least somehow compensating for the flaw of the biocenoses of monocultures.

 In addition to the traditional entomophages Encarsia formosa Gahan., Encarsia pantenopea Marsi, Encarsia tricolor and traditional microbiological preparations of boverin and cephalosporin against whiteflies in greenhouses, the following pathogens and entomophages can be used: fungus, entomopathogenic Achersonia aleurodes W. (Biopreparation AH; entomopathogenic fungus Streptomyces auranfiacus (ALEICIN biological product); entomopathogenic fungus Entomophthora afidis (experimental form of the drug); entomopathogenic fungus Entomophthora paru (experimental form of the drug); entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumoso-roseum (experimental form of the drug); of the entomophages, the larvae of the laceworm of the common Chrysopa carnea Stephens, the carnivorous bug of Macrolophus (two species) Macrolophus costalis Fieb. (from the family Miridae) and Macrolophus nubilis H. S.

Against spider mites (Acarina: Tetranychidae), in particular ordinary spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.), Natural pathogens and acariphages are also used: ALEICIN biopreparation (the active principle is the entomopathogenic fungus Streptomyces auranfiacus; . + piece 98 exotoxin; biopreparation BITKSIBATSILLIN (CTB) (wetting powder) - active principle Bacillus thuringiensis var thuringiensis, ₁ H piece; VERTIMEKS biological preparation (the active principle of Streptomyces avermitilis Aeb; biopreparation MIKOAFIDIN-T (the action.. uyuschee beginning - entomopathogenic fungus Entomophthora thaxteriana); biologic TURITSID-I active principle - entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var thuringiensis, units H ₁ + exotoxin) of entomophages - predatory klopik MAKROLOFUS (Macrolophus nubilis HS) and predatory mites METASEYULYUS (Metaseiulus occidentalis.. Nub.) And PHYTOSEIULYUS (Phytoseiulus persimilis Ach.), As well as the biological product Avertrop (the active principle is the entomopathogenic fungus Streptomyces avermitilis Aeb.).

Phytoseiulus (Phytoseiulus persimilis Ath. 11) is an entomophagous and acarifagus (predatory mite), recommended for combating spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) (Acari: Tetranichidae) in protected ground. Consumption rate of 50 - 100 individuals per 1 m ^{2 of} protected soil. When carrying out preventive measures - periodic (at least 1 time per month) introduction of active adult mites with a consumption rate of 10 - 20 individuals per 1 m ^{2 of} protected soil. An entomophage is introduced in cages opened in protected greenhouses (see Fig. 1) - in less than 1 container per 10 m ^{2 of} protected soil with the corresponding number of active tick imago.

 The cages (see Fig. 1) are equipped with a perforated, drawn-out elastic overlapping belt with a perforation of 5 mm in diameter with an interval of 20 mm (in accordance with the perforation of the cages themselves (see Fig. 1a). To release insects from the container, the perforation of the covering belt and the perforation of the cage itself combine, freeing up the exit for insects or ticks.

 However, the above measures may not be enough to reliably protect the culture of protected ground cucumbers from pests and diseases, since many diseases of cucumbers can also occur in the absence of meloidoginosis.

 In such cases, other new generation biological products should be used: against bacterial diseases - bacterioses - AGAT-25 biological product (the active principle is the antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens); BACIFIT biological product (the active principle is the antagonistic bacterium Bacillus Subtilis); RIZOPLAN biopreparation (active principle - antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens (form F) or Pseudomonas putida (form P); phytolavin biopreparation (active principle - antagonistic bacterium Streptomyces griseus (form D) or Streptomyces lavendulae complex of diseases (form L); AGAT-25; biological product ALIRIN-B (the active principle is the antagonistic bacterium Bacillus Subtilis); biological product RIZOPLAN-F in liquid form, the biological product RIZOPLAN-F in lyophilized form, the biological product RIZOPLAN P (liquid or lyophilized S (biological or lyophilized C); the main cause is the antagonistic bacterium Streptomyces felleus); against root rot - the biological product ALIRIN-B, the biological product ALIRIN-C, the biological product BACTOPHYT (the active principle - the bacterium antagonistic Bacillus Subtilis); the biological product GLIOCLADERInteriodacterium bacterium Gliocletin beginning - microscopic fungus antagonist Trichoderma lignorum, various strains); biological product FITOLAVIN-G; biological product FITOLAVIN-L; against bacterial spotting - PENTOFAG biopreparation (the active principle is the bacterium antagonist Pseudomonas pv syrigae; against angular spotting - the PENTOFAG biopreparation; against powdery mildew - the AMPELOMICIN biopreparation, biopreparation Biopreptepreptepreptepreptepreptepreptepreptepreptepreptepreptepreptepreptemepreptopreptessrem. ; the biological product TRICHOTECIN (the active principle is the fungus antagonist Trichotecium roseum; against the withering of verticillin - the biological preparation BACIFIT; against the withering of the fusarium - the biological preparation BACIFIT.

To enrich the soil with fixed nitrogen, biological fertilizer KBU (complex biological fertilizer) was also added to the soil at the rate of 10 g of fertilizer per 1 m ^{2 of} usable area.

 To ensure continuous year-round reproduction of cucumbers in protected ground conditions, plants were grown on four isolated plots according to our scheme of alternating short-day or long-day cucumber varieties and preventive measures (Scheme 1, see Table 4).

 Example 2. The cultivation of tomatoes in a protected ground.

 When cultivating tomatoes in a protected ground, a complex of agrotechnical, preventive and protective measures is carried out. Since the complex of pests and diseases in tomatoes and cucumbers is approximately the same, the strategies for biological control of pests for these crops are not much different from each other.

 Gall nematodes to a lesser extent damage tomato plants due to the fact that this culture has bred a number of varieties that are largely resistant to this type of pest. However, with a significant invasive load and the presence of aggressive races, even highly resistant tomato varieties are susceptible to malignancy, especially against other bacterial or fungal infections.

 To increase the resistance of tomato seedlings to pests and diseases in the seedling department, seeds are treated and two treatments for vegetating plants with the SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL biological product. The use of the SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL biological product is also recommended for tomato culture in 3 stages: seed soaking, spraying the bottom of the seedlings, most moisturizing the root system, in a concentration of a solution for seeds of 0.002% and 0.001% for spraying seedlings. The technology for using the SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL biological product is described in detail in Example 1 (for cucumbers).

 The SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL preparation is used both for susceptible varieties and hybrids of tomatoes to the gall nematode and to nematode tolerant, given that the invasive larvae of the nematode are introduced into the roots and nematode resistant varieties, but die before reaching the mature state. However, the nematode larvae inflict mechanical damage to the root tissue. One day before the removal of tomato seedlings from the seedlings and planting in the greenhouse, the plants are sprayed with a working solution of SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL in a concentration of 0.001%.

In greenhouses before planting seedlings, advance soil preparation is carried out, which is carried out in the same way as described in example 1, in relation to cucumbers. In order to promote the formation of a well-developed, powerful root system of tomato plants, a long-acting mineral fertilizer ROOT MIXTURE and complex biological fertilizer (KBU) are applied to the soil defined for the indicated crop at the rate of 10 g of biological product per 1 m ² (see figure 3) . Fertilizer consumption rates ROOT MIXTURE are shown in Example 1. Weakened tomato plants are fed with BIOGUMUS biological product at the same consumption rates as for cucumber plants. To prevent attacks on plants of tomatoes of invasive gall nematode larvae in greenhouses, thermal disinfection of the soil (traditional) is carried out in the modes described in example 1, or biological heating of the soil (growing plants on a straw-coniferous-leaf cushion). The technology for using this method is described in example 1.

 To prevent the migration of invasive larvae of gall nematodes of their inter-row space, new biologics are used: NARCISSIS, DIPRIN, TRIKHODERMIN (nematocidal form), NEMATOFAGIN-A in the norms given in Example 1.

 With the wide spread of aggressive races of gall nematodes, root rot, powdery mildew and other diseases, foci of complex (multi-pathogenic) lesions arise, which lead to premature wilting of plants and to their premature death. In this regard, the necessary quantities of reserve plants are grown in the seedling department to replace dead or wilted plants, which are immediately removed from the greenhouse along with basal soil and deeply buried. Places under the removed plants are decontaminated with the narcissus biological product or with a mixture of TRICHODERMIN nematicidal with TRICHODERMIN of a different spectrum of activity, or NEMATOFAGIN-A, or DIPRIN biological product, and the planted plants are fed with the BIOGUMUS biological preparation in the case of the following diseases: 25 are also used.

 After the final harvest, all plants are immediately removed along with the root system. In the interrotational period - between the completed first cultivation revolution and the second revolution - in order to reduce the density of the gall nematode population in the soil, it is recommended to plant unaffected lots of onions on greens, sowing vetch oatmeal mixture or peas, followed by tearing out the plants with roots and feeding them to livestock (a detailed description in the example 1).

 A set of preventive measures is also carried out, as set out in Example 1, which contribute to the protection of greenhouses from skidding gall nematodes.

In the absence of manifestation of meloidoginosis and in the presence of other types of diseases, various new generation biologics should be used:
- against ANTRAKTOZA - AGAT-25;
- against ASKHOCHITOSIS - AGAT-25;
- against bacterioses of various origin - AGAT-25, ALIRIN-B, ALIRIN-S, MIKOSTOP, RIZOPAN-F (in lyophilized or liquid form);
- against white rot - AGAT-25;
- against root rot of various origin - bio-products ALIRIN-B, ALIRIN-S, GLIOCLADIN, TRICHODERMIN (different strains), PHYTOLAVIN-G, PHYTOLAVIN-L;
- against gray rot of various origin - AGAT-25;
- against fungi of mucous membranes - AGAT-25;
- against a complex of fungal diseases - biological preparations AGAT-25, ALIRIN-B, ALIRIN-S, MIKOSTOP, RIZOPLAN-F (in lyophilized or liquid form);
- against peronosporosis - AGAT-25;
- against bacterial spotting - PENTOFAG biological product;
- against brown spotting - AGAT-25 biological product;
- against olive spotting - AGAT-25;
- against angular spotting - PENTOFAG biopreparation;
- against powdery mildew of various origin - biological products AGAT-25, AMPELOMYCIN, BACIFIT, PENTOPHAGE, TRICHOTETSIN;
- against withering of verticillus - BACIFIT biological product;
- against Fusarium withering - BACIFIT biological product;
- against late blight - a biological product of the KBU.

 Tomatoes in a protected ground are affected by approximately the same complex of harmful arthropods as cucumbers, so the measures against them are similar to those described in example 1.

 Biologics are used against the greenhouse whitefly (= greenhouse): ALEICIN, ACHERSONIA, BOVERIN, VERTICILLIN or antagonist fungi Entomophthora aphidis, Entomophthora paru, Paecilomyces fumoso-roseum (Muscardine = muscardine pink); entomophages - larvae of the EYE-EYE of the common, larva of the predatory MACROLOFUS (two species); Ladybugs - seven-point cyclone, exochomus; Encarsia (3 species).

 Against the spider mite - biologics: AVERTROP, ALEICIN, BIKOL, BITOXIBACILLIN (BTB), VERTIMEX, MIKOAFIDIN, TURITSID; entomophages: predatory ticks METASEYULYUS, FITOSEYULYUS.

 Against a complex of aphids - biological preparations Avertrop, VERTICILLIN, ENTOMOFTORIN; entomophages: various types of AFIDIUS, GALLITZU-AFIDIMIZU, BRAIN-EYES - pearl, Chinese, beautiful, ordinary, seven-point; Ladybugs - LEIS SEVEN DIGITAL, CYCLONEDA, DIARETHYELLA, CAMMERA ORDINARY, CIRCULOUS SIRPH, etc.

 Against thrips - a biological product BOVERIN (a wettable or granular preparation), from entomophages - a predatory mite AMBLISEIUS.

 Consumption rates and methodology for the use of biological products are set out in the relevant instructions and leaflets attached to biological products.

 The application of the proposed method provides year-round continuous flowering cultivation of tomato plants in a protected ground without the use of pesticides to produce ecologically clean agricultural products throughout the year and increases the yield (see graph 1 in Fig. 1, 1 - control; 2 - experience).

 Example 3. Non-pesticidal cultivation of potatoes.

 Potato plants like no other crop are susceptible to many diseases and pests, causing great economic damage to potato growers. In this regard, the use of chemical means of protection is a very expensive process, polluting both the external environment and the resulting product, it is also far from safe for people working with pesticides and processing potato plantings.

 Our proposed method of growing potatoes eliminates the use of highly toxic drugs or limits their use to a minimum. Chemical preparations are necessary only if primary and isolated foci of quarantine objects or species that first appear on the territory of our country occur, as well as to eliminate foci of especially dangerous diseases and pests in limited areas. A new method of growing potatoes involves increasing plant tolerance, resistance to adverse weather conditions and to damage by pests and diseases.

 The main factor in increasing the field endurance of potato plants both to adverse environmental conditions and to the defeat of their various kinds of pests and diseases is the state of development of the root system. With a powerful, well-developed root system with a large volume of its mass, water and nutrient solutions enter the plant more intensively, this is especially important in dry periods of plant vegetation, with a weakly developed root system in dry periods this negatively affects the development of plants - leaf turgor decreases, decreases in the intensity of photosynthesis; all physiological and biochemical processes of developing vegetative organs of plants are disturbed.

 With a poorly developed root system of potatoes, it is especially dangerous when the plant is affected by various pests and diseases, which in turn cause various damage to the root system, root crops, stems, and developing leaves, and generative organs during flowering, etc. Pathogenic processes that occur in the plant are exacerbated, which negatively affects the overall growth and development of the whole plant. The onset of successively defined phases of development is delayed, the stems of the plant remain thin, the leaf blade is crushed, the area of the leaf surface decreases, the plants remain stunted with the premature appearance of chlorosis, withering of the aerial part and the death of the whole plant.

 The new method of growing potato plants provides for the use of the biological growth immunostimulator of plants mentioned above - the biological product SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL - an alcoholic extract of the producers of the microbial community isolated from the mycorrhiza of the roots of GIN-SHEN. The community is dominated by an endophytic fungus, a fit fungus, yeast and bacteria are complementary components to it. The SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL preparation activates not only a more friendly and earlier appearance of eyelets from potato tubers and faster development of the root system, but also increases the number of "awakened" buds on the tuber, from which the growth of young stems begins intensively. In order to accelerate the germination of potato tubers and increase the number of eyes and stems developing from them, to strengthen branching of the stems, lots of pre-planting material, extracted from the potato storage, are treated with the environmentally friendly biological product SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL.

 SYMBIONT-UNIVERSAL accelerates the process of tuber germination, stimulates the formation process and increases the number of "waking up" eyes, stimulates the rapid and active development of the root system both during the preliminary pre-planting germination of planting material (potato tubers) and during the entire entire period of plant vegetation. When using the SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL preparation, a powerful root system is formed with an increase in its mass by 1.5 - 2.0 times in comparison with the control, which helps to increase the resistance of plants to the adverse effects of weather conditions and to damage to plants by pests and diseases, to increase the oxygen uptake by the system soil-plant. Processing with the SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL preparation in 3 stages increases the conditioner of the tubers, reduces the amount of accumulated nitrates, nitrites and radionuclides in newly developing tubers. In combination with other biologics and root products used, potato yields increase by 25-30% with an improvement in their taste and technological qualities.

 Preparative form. The SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL biological product is produced in polyethylene ampoules with a capacity of 1 ml or in bottles with a capacity of 100 ml.

 The advantage of the biological product is the simplicity and accessibility of the application technology, low consumption rates, relatively low cost and environmental safety of use.

 The technology for preparing a working solution for processing potato tubers. Pre-planting treatment of potato tubers is carried out with a 0.001% solution of the drug in combination with 0.2 g of copper sulfate and a complex of microelements (supplied by the manufacturer in a single package) at the rate of 1 ml of biological product per 1 ton of processed potato planting material, for which 1 ml of SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL dissolved in 10 liters of water, 2 ml in 20 liters of water, 3 ml in 30 liters of water, and so on, depending on the processed lot of potato tubers.

 In parts, the tubers are soaked in a pre-prepared working solution at a concentration of 0.001% with an exposure of 1 hour. The tubers are soaked in a bath, vats or other suitable containers of various sizes. If it is not possible to soak the tubers in the working solution of the preparation, the tubers are evenly distributed on a plastic film and tubers are carefully sprayed gradually. After processing, the tubers are covered with moist peat crumb for pre-germination. After the emergence of seedlings of 1.0 - 15 cm in size, tubers under a layer of peat crumb are subject to repeated spraying, but at a weaker concentration of the working solution (0.0001%), with 1 ml of the drug being dissolved in 100 liters of water. Before planting germinated tubers with developing seedlings and the root system, a third spraying should be carried out with a working solution of the drug in the same weak concentration (0.001%). During the first treatment of tubers by soaking, the prepared solution can be reused or reused repeatedly, i.e. Soaking pre-planting material is carried out in parts, depending on the presence of tanks of large or small sizes.

 The SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL preparation can be used for processing potatoes of all ripeness groups. Particular attention should be paid to the group of potato varieties belonging to early ripening, which significantly accelerates and increases the yield and makes it possible to remove it already in the second or third decade of June (depending on weather conditions), provided that rotten manure is added to the chill or in the absence of presowing manure soil application of the biological product ROOT MIXTURE. The potato crop, obtained in the month of July, is the earliest and highest-calorie, delicious agricultural produce grown in open ground.

 The properties similar to the SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL biological product are possessed by another biological product recommended by us, the biostimulant GERBAMIN (Herbamin), which is manufactured by Herbamin industries (Cyprus). This organic fertilizer is a bio-activator of plant growth, prepared from an extract of a specially selected assortment of medicinal herbs. The preparation contains protein materials and amino acids 0.45%, fatty acids 0.15%, sodium salts, gibberelic acids 0.04%, vitamins, enzymes and phytohormones. The drug contains a number of trace elements (mg / l): nitrogen (N); magnesium (Mg) 3.9; copper (Cu) 70; phosphorus (P) 2.7; Manganese (Mn) 160; boron (B) 24; potassium (K) 2.7; zinc (Zn) 60; molybdenum (Mo) 25; iron (Fe) 17.5; nickel (Ni) 410; cobalt (Co) 25; chlorine (Cl) 179; sulfur (S) 161. The most important component of this biodynamic product regulates the activity of living cells. A carefully selected species composition of wild medicinal herbs is the raw material basis for the production of HERBAMINE. For the extraction of active substances without the use of chemicals, the biopreparation developers developed a unique production technology. The shelf life of the biological product is 2 years. In recommended doses, the biological product has proven itself for flower crops of open and protected soil, for indoor plants. This drug is also used on vegetable and fruit crops, while caring for urban and park green spaces.

 On potatoes, this GERBAMIN biological product is used at a concentration of 0.001% (0.1 ml of the drug per 100 liters of water) for irrigating vegetating plants and at a concentration of 0.0002% for pre-planting treatment of tubers. The method of its application on potatoes is similar to the method of using the biological product SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL.

To increase potato yields and control the spread of late blight, we also recommended a new biological fertilizer KBU (COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER), containing live bacteria that improve soil structure and enrich mycorrhiza of cultivated plants with nitrogen. The bacteria that make up the basis of the biological product have late blight properties. The consumption rate of 10 g per 1 m ^{2 of} usable area. To obtain a working solution, the concentrated biological product is diluted 10,000 times (0.01%).

 To increase the yield of potatoes, strengthen and strengthen its root system, the ROOT MIXTURE mentioned earlier in Example 1 is used. The ROOT MIXTURE preparation contains all the necessary elements for the full development of plants and has the following composition according to its constituent elements (%): nitrogen (N) 4.9; phosphorus (P) 1.0; calcium (Ca) 3.0; iron (Fe) 0.4; boron (B) 0.05; copper (Cu) 0.004; manganese (Mn) 0.01; zinc (Zn) 0.08; molybdenum (Mo) 0.01; humates up to 5%; organic matter up to 35%.

 The biological product ROOT MIXTURE is introduced into the wells during planting together with previously sprouted potato tubers in an amount of 20 g for each buried hole (the drug can be scattered on the surface of the filled hole).

On clay and sandy depleted soils, to improve the structure and other useful properties of soils, to build up the humus layer, to accumulate organic matter, increase the fertility of fields, create a reserve of nutritious organic and mineral substances, the ROOT MIXTURE is applied in the spring before planting potato tubers under spring digging, at the rate of 500 g per 10 m ² or 5 kg per one hundredth.

 Given that in the potato-producing areas a dangerous disease is widely spread - late blight, in which it quickly spreads from the primary focus. The aboveground part of the plant darkens, then blackens, the plant stops its development, often dies, which affects a sharp decrease in potato yield.

 The biological preparations SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL are active against late blight, which, in addition to strengthening the plant organism and increasing its resistance to late blight, contains copper sulfate, which stops the development of late blight, biological fertilizer KBU, which has late blight properties, and the biological product FETIL.

 The drug FETIL is an environmentally friendly tool that restrains the mass development of late blight.

Technology for the preparation of working solution. Moisten 1 tablet in alcohol diluted in water in a ratio of 1: 1 and then dissolve in 1 liter of water. 1 tablet (1 liter of working solution) is spent on spraying 25 square meters of potato field. 1 pack consists of 10 tablets, which are also dissolved in 10 liters of water. The volume of the working solution of 10 l is designed to treat 250 m ^{2 of} usable area. Spraying periods for planting potatoes: the first spraying at the onset of the closure of the tops and the second spraying during the budding period.

 The drug FETIL not only has a valuable property to restrain the development of late blight, but also prevents the further progressive spread of this dangerous disease throughout the field and on neighboring, bordering and nearby potato plantings. The drug FETIL, suppressing the vital activity of the fungus pathogen, the causative agent of late blight, helps to increase the yield of potatoes and accelerates the time for obtaining the yield of early products.

 Along with the widespread potato disease - late blight, the group of especially dangerous quarantine objects includes potato cyst-forming nematodes that cause glauberosis. These types of nematodes affect the root system of potatoes. Potatoes are affected by two types of cyst-forming nematodes - the golden potato cyst-forming nematode (Globodera rostoshiensis) and the pale potato cyst-forming nematode (Globodera palida), which are objects of external or internal quarantine in disadvantaged countries.

 In our country, a golden potato nematode is widespread, in the fight against which a number of nematode tolerant varieties and hybrids have been bred, the cultivation of which significantly inhibits the reproduction of this dangerous phytopathogen.

 As for the second even more aggressive species - pale potato nematode, this species is currently considered to be absent in our country according to the results of systematic surveys of potato plantings. But thanks to trade relations with states that are unfavorable for the pale potato nematode in their territories, there is always the danger of mechanical introduction of this dangerous pest into our country. The pale potato nematode is very dangerous in that there are no domestic nematode resistant varieties of both our and foreign selection against it, and varieties resistant to the golden potato nematode are not resistant to the pale potato nematode.

 Each of the listed species also has different races of aggressiveness. We have a widespread highly aggressive race of the golden potato nematode - Po-1, in relation to which, basically, protective measures are developed.

 Against potato cyst-forming nematodes, we have developed a system of enclosing, preventive, prophylactic and destructive measures that achieve a reduction in the level of potato damage by these pathogens to an economically insignificant level.

 The foci of glauberosis that initially appeared and began to develop, as well as small isolated foci of potato nematodes, are usually subject to localization and elimination using chemical protective agents by disinfecting the soil with nematicides - thiazone, DD, and others. Processing fields with nematicides is an extremely expensive and environmentally hazardous process. It is possible to get rid of this kind of foci of diseases of glauberosis by long-term cultivation of potato varieties that are not susceptible to glauberosis in such areas of crops that are not susceptible to glauberosis.

 Our proposed method of cultivating potatoes provides for the use of various methods, methods and techniques for the cultivation of potato plants in combination with appropriate agricultural technology and the use of new generation biological products and biological fertilizers, which are environmentally friendly, but inhibiting the activity of nematodes and reducing their number to an economically insensible level from the gradual complete elimination of the identified foci of glauberosis.

 The use of biological products AGAT-25, GERBAMIN, DIPRIN, KBU, ROOT MIXTURE and SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL promotes the formation of a potato root system in cultivated potatoes, which develops faster than a golden potato cyst-forming nematode, resulting in potato bushes that “grow” infestations and have time to complete the growing season, without suffering much from the root parasite.

 One of the most effective ways to deal with foci of a potato cyst-forming nematode is to grow potatoes with the earliest possible production and immediately remove from the field after harvesting all potato plants along with the root system and basal soil into pre-prepared pits with the appropriate burial.

 Early harvesting periods (II-III decade of June or I decade of July), depending on the onset of early or late spring, with the immediate removal of infected roots ensure removal of the invasive (infectious) beginning from the field until the dead period of the dead nematode females filled with mature eggs, that is, before the formation of cysts with highly viable contents. This method is bioecological (biocenotic), based entirely on the use of the biocenotic characteristics of the golden potato cyst-forming nematode with the host plant in the host-plant system - concomitant diseases - environment - antagonistic microflora with emerging features of the agrobiocenosis of the protected field. Obtaining the yield of early production of potato tubers is achieved using special technology in growing potatoes. The basis of this method is the cultivation of varieties and hybrids of potatoes from both the stable and susceptible early ripening groups. Techniques are used to ensure the conditions for preliminary efficient germination of preplant material recovered after winter storage. Such acceleration of production is provided by the treatment of tubers of seed or planting material with the new generation of biological products described above: AGAT-25, GERBAMIN, DIPRIN, KBU and SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL. Processing of planting biomaterial is carried out in recommended doses.

 For pre-planting prophylactic treatment of tubers with the AGAT-25 biological product, 1 ml of the biological product is dissolved in 10 liters of tap water to obtain a working solution with a concentration of 0.001%, which is used to treat 1 ton of planting material.

 For pre-planting prophylactic treatment of potato tubers with the DIPRIN biological product, 10 ml of a concentrate suspension with a titer of 1000 invasive larvae of Pristionehus uniformis in 1 ml are dissolved in 10 liters of water, obtaining a working solution in a concentration of 0.01%, which is treated with 1 ton of planting material.

 For pre-plant preventive treatment of potatoes with the biological product GERBAMIN, 0.1 ml of the concentrate is diluted in 10 liters of water, obtaining a working solution in a concentration of 0.0001%, which is used to process 1 ton of planting material.

 For pre-planting prophylactic treatment of potatoes with a biological product of KBU, 10 ml of a biological product is dissolved in 10 liters of water, obtaining a working solution in a concentration of 0.01%, which is treated with 1 ton of planting material.

 For the prophylactic treatment of potatoes with the SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL biological product, 1 ml of the biological product is dissolved in 10 liters of water, obtaining a working solution at a concentration of 0.001%, which is used to treat 1 ton of planting material.

 The use of a tank mixture of all recommended biological agents is allowed.

 The DIPRIN biological product can be successfully replaced by the various forms of NEMATOL biological product that we are developing, the active principle of which are nematodes - antagonists of the golden potato cyst-forming nematode. The active principle of this biological product is entomopathogenic nematodes: Neoaplectana carpocapsae, pc. DD-136 (NEMATOL-D); Neoaplectana carpocapsae, pcs. Agriotos (NEMATOL-P), Neoaplectana carpocapsae, pcs. Agrotis (NEMATOL-OS); Steinernema feltiae (NEMATOL-F) of the family Steinernematidac and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (NEMATOL-H) from the Heterorhabditidae family.

 Consumption rates and the effectiveness of the described biological products are the same as those of the DIPRIN biological product.

 Biological products AGAT-25, HERBAMIN and SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL accelerate and stimulate the growth and development of potato plants, increase their resistance to pathogens and nematodes. Biofertilizer KBU increase the resistance of potato tubers to late blight, enriches the rhizosphere of potatoes with beneficial microorganisms; DIPRIN biological product and various forms of NEMATOL biological product stimulate the growth and development of plants due to the concomitant beneficial microflora, accelerate and enhance tuberization processes, increase the number of stolons formed, increase the resistance of potato plants to nematodes, and reduce the reproductive activity of golden potato cyst-forming nematodes.

Tubers treated with biological products are germinated in peat crumb with appropriate moisture and heating by heaters (temperature is maintained at least 18 ^o C) or contain planting material in warm rooms. The early harvesting of potatoes is also achieved by the fact that the planting material of potatoes is planted in the soil as early as possible (the last decade of April - the first decade of May) with the previously grown and stimulated biological products AGAT-25, GERBAMIN, DIPRIN, NEMATOL and SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL potato tubers in pre-fertilized with biofertilizer KBU and ROOT MIXTURE, which ensures rapid plant growth and intensive tuberization. The powerful root system of plants manages to get away from infection with nematodes in case of early harvest. To quickly obtain a powerful root system and rapid tuberization and the formation of additional stolons, as well as for prevention from attack by potato phytopathogenic nematodes and late blight disease, biofertilizer ROOT MIXTURE and biological products for prevention against golden potato cyst-forming nematode - DIPRIN, NEMATSO, are introduced into the wells before planting against late blight - KBU and FETIL and for the early formation of a powerful root system and the formation of additional stolons - AGAT biological products -25, HERBAMIN and SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL. Against nematodes, you can also use the biological product NEMATOFAGIN-A.

 The concentration of introduced biological products: DIPRIN in a working aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.02%; Narcissus 0.002%; NEMATOL 0.02%; NEMATOFAGIN-A 0.02%; KBU 0.02%, FETIL 0.02%; AGAT-25 0.002%; HERBAMINE 0.0002%, ROOT MIXTURE 20 g per well and SIMBION-UNIVERSAL 0.002%.

 For the active development of saprophytic phases of entomopathogenic nematodes and bacteria - antagonists of diseases and pests of potatoes - 100 g of trichogrammed production waste (dead butterflies of a mill spit or grain moth) or waste from the production of viral entomopathogenic biological products (American white butterfly, cabbage scoop) are also added to the wells before planting , winter scoop, cotton scoop, silkworm ringed, silkworm unpaired, silkworm nun, etc.) or powder from naturally fallen autumn leaves, or powder from natural venno fallen needles, or rotted chicken droppings, or a mixture of these components.

 50 ml of the biological product working solution are poured into each well.

 For prophylactic or destructive purposes against late blight and golden potato cyst-forming nematodes, vegetative plants are treated (sprayed or watered) with biological products at 2-week intervals. In order to accelerate plant growth and development, accelerate crop ripening, increase plant resistance and increase their resistance to pests and diseases, potato plantings are treated with a tank mixture of biological products AGAT-25 or RIZOPLAN, GERBAMIN, SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL, against late blight - with a tank mixture of biological products 25 AGAT RIZOPLAN, KBU, SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL, FETIL, against a golden potato cyst-forming nematode - a tank mixture of biological products DIPRIN or NEMATOL, DARCISIS, NEMATOFAGIN-A or the listed biological products in tdelnosti in Working solutions with the concentration used in the pouring to the wells. The rates of flow of the working fluid to the protected area are the same as when using pesticides.

 When there are signs of late blight or globoderosis, the concentrations of the corresponding biological products are doubled, and the treatments are doubled.

 Using the described method of bio-control with late blight and cyst-forming nematodes virtually eliminates the spread and development of foci of diseases. Potato plants of early varieties finish the growing season 40-50 days after planting, go away from infection with globoderosis and late blight and give high yields (up to 2-3 kilograms of potatoes from each bush).

 The main and main important factor in the fight against potato glauberosis with the help of the earliest potato ripening is the development of a strong powerful root system, which ensures the intensive intake of all necessary nutrients from the soil into the plant, which increases its field endurance to adverse environmental influences (weather conditions) ), and also increases the resistance and resistance to damage to plants by potato nematodes, late blight and other related diseases and harm bodies.

 The described methods of growing potatoes are the basis in an integrated system of anti-nematode measures, in which this biological method is combined in order to increase its effectiveness with such agrotechnical methods as increasing the number of hills of vegetative plants, combination with anti-nematological links of crop rotation from non-nematode crops that are not affected by the crops, with mandatory inclusion in crop rotation of cultivated nemato-resistant potato varieties.

 To obtain a potato crop as soon as possible, apply sequential hilling until the emergence of potato shoots until the potential threat of morning frost disappears in order to prevent freezing of tops. In this way, you can speed up the harvest by 10-15 days.

 Potatoes can be planted on the globose-free areas only after at least five years of cultivating unaffected crops on them, otherwise there is not only accumulation of pathogen in the soil, but also the possibility of the emergence and accumulation of aggressive new races of potato nematodes.

 In order to form a powerful root system as soon as possible and to obtain the earliest possible harvest of potatoes, a combination of the above measures with biological heating of the soil is possible. To do this, in late autumn, trenches 30 cm wide and 60 cm deep are torn out at the places of future potato rows. If the field is populated with potato nematodes, the contaminated soil is taken out of the field and buried in specially prepared pits, after which uninfected soil is brought back. 1/3 of the trenches are filled with green mass from mowed or torn weeds or grass mixed with straw, naturally fallen needles and naturally fallen autumn leaves in a ratio of 4: 4: 1: 1. Then the trenches are covered with dug or brought soil.

In spring, the soil at the site of the trenches at a depth of 10-15 cm is 10-15 ^o warmer than the surrounding due to the biological heating of the specified green mixture to 60-70 ^o C. Planted in the soil pre-sprouted tubers quickly form a powerful root system, and subject to a consistent series hills before emergence of shoots increase the underground part of the stems by 15-20 cm. On these parts of the stems subsequently in the mass stolons are formed, from which tubers appear, which helps to increase productivity, sometimes 2 or more times. Biological heating of the soil creates an insurmountable barrier for attacking invasive larvae of golden potato nematodes emerging from cysts.

 In areas that are favorable with respect to glauberosis, 10-12 days after the emergence of potato shoots in the immediate vicinity of the sprouted bushes (10-15 cm), tubers of mid-ripening or late-ripening potato varieties can be planted, which continue to develop after harvesting previously planted potatoes. In this case, you can get two, or if you wish, three independent potato crops from one plot, even in the climatic conditions of Moscow and the region.

 It was experimentally established that with a high density of the potato nematode population in the soil, when planting nematode tolerant varieties and hybrids, the plant resistance barrier is lost to some extent, and the females continue to eat and lay eggs intensively. To avoid such cases, nematode tolerant varieties should be grown only after cultivation of anti-nematode crop rotation links from unaffected crops. At the same time, the following situation is a very important factor. When cultivating susceptible varieties and hybrids of potato, usually and very often in the arable horizon of the soil remain tubers of potato cultivars susceptible to a potato nematode. Some of the remaining and overwintered tubers in the spring period resume their development and plant growth in these cases serves as a source of preservation of the infectious onset of globoserosis in the soil. Therefore, such potato plants are subject to complete removal from the fields. If the planting of nematode-resistant potato varieties is carried out according to the predecessor, which was a potato cultivar susceptible to glauberosis, this inevitably leads to a mixture of varieties, especially this is dangerous in seed plots. Potato plants susceptible to the potato nematode, being on the field with plants of nematode tolerant varieties, will renew, maintain and re-accumulate the invasive principle in the soil, which will lead to a significant extension of the time for quarantine removal from a dysfunctional farm. In this case, the outbreak will remain unapproved for longer periods.

 The aforementioned biological products can also be effectively used for the cultivation of nematode tolerant varieties and all varieties of potato susceptible to globose disease for commercial production. These environmentally friendly biological products have also been successfully used on varietal plots and seed breeding fields in order to obtain higher yields and improve their technological and taste qualities, as well as to obtain the yield of earlier products.

 A necessary preventive measure, which is an integral part of potato cultivation when introducing bioecological methods of dealing with identified foci of glauberosis, is the conduct of phenological observations of the state of growth and development of potato bushes in order to timely identify, localize and immediately eliminate the initially occurring diseased plants.

 In the phase of the beginning of flowering plants, the characteristic signs of this dangerous disease - potato globoserosis - are most evident. Plants lag behind in growth and development, stunted with one or two thin stems, with shredded leaves, with a wrinkled leaf blade, which prematurely acquires a light color to severe chlorosis. Identification of diseased plants, their timely removal prevents further progressive reproduction of the potato nematode, prevents further accumulation of a dangerous invasive principle in the soil and prevents the further spread of the disease to free places in the field and neighboring fields. At the beginning of flowering, the introduced larvae have time to develop to mature females, which are clearly visible on the surface of the roots. The size of a poppy seed they have a milky white color during this period, then gradually the females acquire a yellow color of a golden hue and then darken to a light brown color. Dying females, filled with a large number of eggs (up to several hundred in each female), turn into a resting stage - a cyst that easily falls from the root into the soil, where it transfers even the harshest winters and remains viable for several years, waiting for the spring period and appearance new potato roots. At this time, an intensive exit from the eggs of invasive larvae occurs, which migrate into the soil in search of the host plant and invade young developing roots.

 If potato plantings have severely affected plants, they are buried together with the root system and basal soil, removed into specially dug holes and buried. Dug places from under diseased diseased plants are disinfected with urea (urea) of 100 g in each well. If diseased plants are detected, but with a weak course of the disease, i.e. with mild signs of this dangerous disease, it is recommended that they be treated twice with new generation biologics: NARCISSIS, DIPRIN or NEMATOL, NEMATOFAGIN-A. During the hilling period, a tank mixture of the listed biological products should be introduced or each of them separately. Under the roots of diseased plants, 1 liter of a tank mixture of biological products should be introduced and the operation repeated every week, which prevents premature wilting and restores normal development and growth with normal tuberization and an average yield. Otherwise, the lack of treatment of potato plants with the revealed initial signs of the manifestation of the painful symptoms of glauberosis is usually leads to a strong and rapid course of the disease process and to almost complete loss of yield on the affected plants.

 The combination of these biological products and plant dressing with BIOGUMUS and KBU provides a significant increase in yield by 20-30%, and in some cases by 1.5, 2, 3 or more times, with an improvement in the taste and technological qualities of the products obtained with an average tuber condition of 85- 90% The use of these methods of combating potato nematodes prevents the accumulation of an invasive principle in the soil (Tables 2 and 3).

 In organizing biological control, an equally important problem is the control of potato pests, primarily Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.) And wireworms (Elateridae).

 The fight against the Colorado potato beetle requires a special strategy due to the fact that this type of pest has a special plasticity and adapts to environmental conditions. Moreover, being an alien from the American continent, the Colorado potato beetle does not have local specialized parasites and predators in Europe and Asia, and they have to be introduced from abroad. In addition, the larvae and adults of the Colorado potato beetle are poisonous and not all insectivorous animals can feed on them. However, our local entomophages are beginning to gradually adapt to the American alien and inflict more and more sensitive blows to it. In our strategy for combating the Colorado potato beetle, much attention is paid to the determination of individual control measures at various stages of pest development.

 Larvae of 4 ages (at the end of development), pronimphs and adults are found in the soil and are therefore inaccessible to traditional pesticides. We use biologics based on entomopathogenic nematodes (DIPRIN, NEMATOL) against these stages of the Colorado potato beetle. Working solutions of these biological products are used to irrigate potato vegetative plants during the period of leaving the larvae of 4 ages or adults for wintering when they go to the ground. The invasive larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes enter the soil, migrate in it, and look for their victims. Once inside the body through the spiracles or anus, the nematode bores the intestines of the larvae, pronymph or imago of the Colorado potato beetle, arranging a kind of “peritonitis” for the insect, while the nematode populates the Colorado potato beetle with nematodophilic entomopathogenic bacteria, which also have pathogenic properties in relation to other soils larvae of wireworms, larvae of May chrysanthemums, caterpillars of gnawing scoops, etc. It is enough to hit one invasive larva with entomopathogenic mute Atodes in the body of the insect to ensure its lethal outcome. Entomopathogenic bacteria kill insects as soon as possible (2-3 days), causing a specific disease in it - septicemia - and form their colonies inside the dead insect. These bacteria propagating inside the insect feed on the saprophytic phases of entomopathogenic nematodes inside the affected insects, which undergo several successive generations there. After the nutrition for nematodes inside the insect ends, they stop developing at the stage of invasive larvae and leave the dead insect, setting off in search of new victims. In the organism of one Colorado potato beetle, up to 200,000 invasive larvae of an entomopathogenic nematode can be reproduced. Nematodes form around the dead insects vast (15-20 cm in diameter) zones, which, when the potato plantings are significantly populated by the Colorado potato beetle, gradually merge, condemning to death the larvae of 4 ages or adults that leave for wintering and continue to pupate in the soil. The death of the Colorado potato beetle in the soil reaches 80-90%, which significantly reduces the risk of populating potato crops next year in the protected area.

In the spring, after the appearance of the first potato shoots, beetles immediately appear that crawl out of the soil at the potato planting sites or migrate from other places (the Colorado potato beetle can cover a distance of several kilometers). The spring generation of the pest is the smallest, therefore, special attention should be paid to this particular stage of pest reproduction, in order to minimize its further reproduction and the associated sharp increase in its number, which requires the use of purely firefighting chemical control agents. At this time, it is advisable to produce large batches of PICROMERUS predatory bug larvae, whose eggs by this time have already come out of embryonic diapause, but can be stored in the refrigerator for a long time at a temperature of 2-4 ^o C and can be used to obtain an entomophage by any period. The larvae of the bug, which by this time do not find another more suitable food, destroy 70-80% of the Colorado beetles coming out of the soil and arriving from outside. The other two species of predatory bugs that devour the Colorado potato beetle - PODISUS and PERILLUS - are more heat-loving and cannot be successfully used in this period of the year.

Beetles emerging from the soil mate and lay eggs on the underside of potato leaves, rarely on the leaves of other plants. From the day the beetles emerge from the soil until the start of egg laying, it takes from one to two weeks depending on weather conditions. At this time, the beetles undergo additional nutrition of potato tops, without which they cannot leave highly viable offspring. The first clutches of the Colorado potato beetle are unviable, often affected by fungal diseases, due to the high relative humidity in this period of the year. At this time, it is advisable to carry out the processing of the biological product BOVERIN - the only biological product active against the eggs of the Colorado potato beetle. In addition, against the eggs of the Colorado potato beetle, the endoparasitic insect of the oviduct EDOVUM and local egg-eaters of the Colorado potato beetle - the larvae of lacewings (pearl, Chinese, beautiful, ordinary, seven-pointed, etc.), the larvae and adults of the ladybugs (leis, seven-pointed, cyclone, .), the larvae of the common camel and the larvae of the syrphids (crown syrup), etc. The larvae of these insects also eat hatching larvae of the Colorado potato beetle and larvae of I-II age. By this time, biological treatments are timed: BITOXIBACILLIN (BTB), BIKOL, DIPRIN or NEMATOL. DIPRIN, BOVERIN and NEMATOL can be used only under conditions of high relative air humidity and high soil moisture (90-100%) and temperatures not lower than 15-18 ^o C. During the development of larvae of III-IV ages and further until the end of the growing season of potatoes with with an interval of two weeks, they are treated with DIPRIN-NEMATOL biological products and large batches of predatory bugs PODIZUS, PERILLUS, PICROMERUS are released. These measures allow you to get rid of another 80-90% of the population of the Calorado potato beetle, which this period is present at all stages of development. During this period of the year, the larvae of ladybugs, lacewings, camels, sirfids, eating the eggs of the Colorado potato beetle continue to work on potato plantings. Continues to destroy the eggs of the Colorado potato beetle, the egg parasite EDOVUM. These activities allow you to get rid of the local population of the Colorado potato beetle in 2-3 years.

 However, the application of all these measures cannot insure the planting of potatoes against migratory adults of the Colorado potato beetle. Beetle migration from other places continues throughout the growing season of potatoes and often negates ongoing efforts to introduce a biomethod. In this regard, the potato planting wins, surrounded by forests, forest belts or other insurmountable obstacles for migrating beetles. To successfully combat migratory bugs, food potato plantings (see Fig. 2) should be fenced with complex linear plantings of technical potatoes located along the perimeter of the plot, which can be done in one line (see Fig. 2a), in two lines (see Fig. 2b), zigzag (see Fig. 2c) or a chessboard landing in 2 lines (see Fig. 2d). On the inside of a continuous planting of potatoes, which is 30-50 cm wide, a number of sunflowers are planted and a strip of coriander, dill, carrot, onion (20-30 cm wide) is sown (see figure 2).

 A continuous planting of technical potatoes collects 80-90% of the migratory Colorado potato beetles, and planting of umbellate or Asteraceae prevents its penetration into ware potatoes. On technical potatoes, you can apply the complex of biological measures listed above, and in extreme cases, carry out processing with pesticides (DECIS or others), which will not affect dramatically the quality of technical potatoes, because potatoes for technical needs less need environmental cleanliness. Flowering plants of sunflower, coriander, dill, carrots, onions, in addition to barriers to the spread of the Colorado potato beetle, serve as a source of additional nutrition for the applied entomophages and can be used as food.

 As for other crops, the combination of the use of new highly effective biological products of a new generation in combination with the use of entomophages against pests and diseases - treatment of planting material with biological preparations AGAT-25, GERBAMIN, SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL - with the aim of obtaining stronger and more resistant to diseases and pests plants with a well-developed root system; biological treatment of DIPRIN or NEMATOL, NEMATOFAGIN-A against gall, stem and cyst-forming nematodes of both planting material and vegetative plants; biological treatment with AGAT-25 or RIZOPLAN, KBU, SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL, FETIL against late blight as planting material and vegetative plants; against anthractosis and ascochitosis AGAT-25, against bacterioses of various origin AGAT-25, ALIRIN-S, MIKOSTOP, RIZOPLAN-F; against rot of various origin AGAT-25, ALIRIN-B, ALIRIN-S, GLIOKLADIN, TRIKHODERMIN (different strains), PHYTOLAVIN-G, PHYTOLAVIN-L; against mucosal fungi AGAT-25; against a complex of fungal diseases AGAT-25, ALIRIN-B, ALIRIN-S, MIKOSTOP, RIZOPLAN-F, against peronosporosis - AGAT-25, against spotting of various origin AGAT-25, against powdery mildew of various origin AGAT-25, AMPELOMICIN, BACIFIT, PENTOPHAGE, TRICHOTECIN; against withering of various origin - BACIFIT biological product.

 Preplant plant treatment of plants with stimulating biological products provides increased seed germination and stimulates growth processes throughout the growing season. The introduction of biological products into the soil during planting or sowing, irrigation with working solutions of biological products or their spraying on vegetating plants in combination with the release of appropriate entomophages in the ratio of parasite - victim 1:10 or maintaining the required number of entomophages for prevention throughout the growing season provides reliable protection from pests and diseases throughout the year, and most importantly, ensures the development of a strong and powerful root system in plants, which is the guarantor of increasing sustainability STI and resistance of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions (abiotic factors) and to diseases and pests, allows treatments without pesticides to protect plants from pests and diseases. The use of the complex of the above measures provides, in addition to potatoes, cucumbers and tomatoes, an increase in the yield of other crops by 15-20% with a simultaneous improvement in taste and technological qualities, combined with the environmental cleanliness of the obtained agricultural products, in eggplant, peas, buckwheat, cabbage, onions, carrots, oats, pepper, millet, wheat, rice, rye, sugar beets, cotton, fruit, flower and berry crops.

 The biological products DIPRIN, NEMATOL-D, NEMATOL-P, NEMATOL-OS, NEMATOL-F and NEMATOFAGIN-A developed by us in addition to potatoes, cucumbers and tomatoes can be used on peas against whites, scoops and pea weevils; on cabbage against a scoop of cabbage, cabbage white, turnip white, cabbage moth and potato moth; on oats against oat nematodes; on wheat against a harmful bug; on sugar beets against weevils; on cotton against meloidoginosis, winter scoops and boxworm (cotton scoop); on fruit versus unpaired silkworms, American white butterflies, apple moths and moths of other species, apple moths and moths of other species; against sawfly larvae on flower and berry crops; against caterpillars of glasshouses on berry crops; against nuns, ringed silkworms, Siberian silkworms on ornamental crops, against termites and bears.

Sources of information
1. Yezhov G.I., Zhilyaeva I.N., Makarov P.P., Kostina L.Ya., Masuk Yu.A. Preventive integrated biosecurity of breeding material. In the book: Technology for the production of potatoes. Scientific works of NIIKH.- M., 1991, p. 31 - 34.

 2. Patent of the Russian Federation N 2041585, cl. A 01 B 79/02, A 01 G 1/00, A 01 C 1/00, A 01 M 21/04.

Claims (1)

 The method of cultivation of crops: potatoes in the open ground, cucumbers and tomatoes in closed ground, including soil preparation, planting or sowing plants, periodic cultivation, the use of biological products, characterized in that they pre-plant seeds and tubers with a mixture of activators, immunostimulants, antagonists and biological fertilizers (AVERTROP, AGAT-25, or RIZOPLAN, AMPELOMYCIN, HERBAMINE, DIPRIN or NEMATOL, COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER (KBU), SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL) in half doses from the recommended s for this preparation (mixture 1), the same mixture in combination with biological fertilizers (BIOGUMUS, ROOT MIXTURE - in recommended doses) is added to the wells before planting, trichogram production waste or viral biological product production waste (dead butterflies) are added to the soil together with biological products ) with sapropel or with rotted chicken droppings or with powder from naturally fallen leaves or needles (mixture 2), mixture 1 then conducts periodic ground spraying or watering of vegetating plants (once every two weeks) with aritelnym to spreading BIOHUMUS and soil ROOT MIXTURE (at the same rates), soil colonize microorganisms complex microbial antagonists contained in biological products (ALIRIN-B ALIRIN-C BATSIFIT, GLIOKLADIN, MIKOSTOP, daffodils, NEMATOFAGIN or NEMATOFAGIN-A ( activated by the supernatant - a departure from the production of the biological product DIPRIN), PENTOFAG, RIZOPLAN-F, various forms of TRICHODERMINE, TRICHOTECIN, PHYTOFLAVIN, PHYTOFLAVIN-L) (mixture 4), in half doses from the recommended doses for this drug, which are added to the hole before planting, to further carry out periodic (1 biweekly) spraying or watering plants; they are introduced as elements of the fauna of predators and entomophages (APHIDIUS, AMBLISEUSUS, GERMAN BIRDS, CAMBRIDES, GALLICA, SLEEP-EYE, LYSEFLEBUS, SIRFIDY, PHYTOSEYUULUS) - complex 1 is the starting route for the release of microorganisms into the sexes , VERTICILIN, CEFALOSPORIN, ENTOMORPHIN, BIKOL, BITOXIBACILIN, BOVERIN, VERTIMEX, MIKOAFIDIN-T, TURICID, ENTOPHTORIN) (mixture 5), in half doses from the recommended doses for this drug - by periodic treatments spraying or watering; Before spraying with DIPRIN and / or NEMATOL, sodium alginate is used to prevent drying and death of nematodes. And when using entomophages, at the beginning of the growing season, agricultural crops are additionally planted in the rows of the main cultures of complex and / or umbrella plants, which are an additional source of nutrition for adult entomophages.

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