RU2558194C1 - Method of potato cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises green manuring of crops and hydration of the ploughed mass. At that after harvesting the tubers, the white mustard is sown, which green mass is mowed and treated with aqueous solution of the mixture of biological preparations Boverina and Actofita in concentrations of 1% and 0.6%, respectively, followed by ploughing the hydrated mass to a depth of 20-25 cm.

EFFECT: method enables to increase potato yield and reduce its damage rate by Colorado potato beetle.

1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production and plant protection, and may find application in the cultivation of potatoes and protect it from pests.

A known method of cultivating potatoes, in which before planting close green crops (patent 2212123 from 02.20.2003, IPC A01B 79/02, A01G 1/00).

In the known method, potatoes of different ripeness groups are planted, followed by sowing of cold-resistant sideral crops, which does not sufficiently ensure crop stability due to the presence of pests, in particular the Colorado potato beetle.

There is also known a method when, in order to reduce potato damage by a Colorado potato beetle, the crops in the budding-flowering phase are treated with a mixture of insecticide bancol and para-aminobenzoic acid (patent 2245033 dated January 27, 2005, IPC A01M 1/20, A01N 25/00).

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is that the bancol insecticide is a chemical preparation that adversely affects the microflora of the soil.

The closest technical solution is a method of growing potatoes, in which, after harvesting early potatoes, green manure crops are sown and alcohol bard is added before plowing (patent 2270546 dated 02.27.2006, IPC A01B 79/02, A01G 1/00).

The disadvantages of the prototype method is the following:

- the complexity of the annual change in sideral culture, which significantly increases the cost of acquiring seeds;

- the high acidity of the alcohol bard, introduced annually, changes the reaction of the soil environment from neutral to acidic (with a pH of 6.2 to pH of 5.6);

- susceptibility to diseases and damage by pests, which does not ensure the effectiveness of the method.

The technical result of the claimed object is to increase the efficiency of the method, reducing the susceptibility of crops to diseases and damage by pests.

The technical solution of the invention consists in the fact that during permanent cultivation of potatoes after harvesting tubers, white mustard is sown, the green mass of which is mowed and treated with an aqueous solution of a mixture of biological preparations of boverin and actophyte in concentrations of 1% and 0.6%, respectively, smelling the moistened mass to a depth of 20 -25 cm

The method is as follows.

White mustard from all green manure crops for a short period from late July to late October - early November forms a green mass of up to 30 t / ha, which is significantly higher than others used in the prototype method. Unlike other known sideral cultures, mustard contains alkaloids, essential oils, acids: erucic, oleic, linoleic, lignoceric, myristic, behenic, as well as sinalbin, potassium salt, the enzyme myrosine, sulfur-containing elements. The complex of these chemicals when plowing helps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease in potato plants.

The processed green beveled mass of mustard with an aqueous solution of a mixture of biological preparations of beverin and actophyte has a detrimental effect on Colorado potato beetles that have gone to winter in the soil within 20-25 cm, where the maximum pest accumulation is located.

The spores of the fungus of the drug boverin (Beauveria bassiana) are an insecticidal action based on the entomopathogenic fungus - hypholycete. Conidiospores of the fungus, once on the body of an insect, germinate and penetrate into the body cavity, dissolving the cuticle with enzymes, while producing toxins, causing the death of pests. The mycelium penetrates the entire body of the insect, forming a layer of conidiophores with conidia on its surface. The host dies, and conidia are transferred to other individuals.

In this technical solution, wintering individuals of beetles die. This concentration (1% aqueous solution) provides the development of the fungus, and a mixture with the drug Actofit enhances the action of the fungus. The biological product Aktofit introduced into the mixture in a concentration of 0.6% aqueous solution activates the fungus of the drug Boverin.

Actofit contains the active substance aversectin C - 0.2%, an alcohol solution of the extract of aversectin C - 59.5% polyethylenexide - 400 - 40%, proxanol CL - 0.5%.

The producer of the avermectin complex is the soil actinomycete Streptomy avemitills, which under industrial conditions on natural raw materials produces a complex of substances that are similar in structure and biological properties, which also perform a protective function in pest control in natural conditions.

Aversectin-containing preparations are completely harmless to plants, animals and humans.

Example 1. After harvesting potatoes at the end of July, white mustard was sown at the rate of 15 kg / ha. In early November, the green mass, which reached a height of more than 1 m, was mowed and treated with an aqueous solution at the rate of 3 kg of boverin and 2 kg of actophyte per 300 liters of water (hectare norm). The mowed mass moistened with a mixture of biological products was plowed into the soil to a depth of 20 cm.

Example 2. Harvesting early potatoes was carried out in the first ten days of August. The soil was prepared for sowing small-seeded mustard crops and sown in an amount of 20 kg / ha. At the end of October, the green mass was mowed and sprayed with an aqueous solution of biological products at the rate of 4 kg of boverin and 2.5 kg of actophytum per 400 l of water per hectare. The next day, plowing was carried out with a depth of 25 cm, plowing the entire mass into the soil. The following year, in the spring, potatoes were planted in the same area.

Therefore, using a mixture of environmentally friendly biological products mixed with green mass of mustard, you can increase the efficiency of the method, reduce the damage to potato plants by diseases and pests.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating potatoes, including greening the crops and moistening the smelling mass, characterized in that after harvesting the tubers white mustard is sown, the green mass of which is mowed and treated with an aqueous solution of a mixture of biological products Boverin and Actofit at concentrations of 1% and 0.6%, respectively, followed by plowing moistened mass to a depth of 20-25 cm.