RU2734922C1 - Method for soil green dressing in organic farming - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to farming. Method includes binary sowing of winter crops, cuttings in the budding phase, introduction of clay and mowing mass plowdown. After maize is harvested for silage and soil cultivation, a binary mixture of white mustard and berseem clover is sown at ratio of 2:1. In spring in budding phase both crops are mown, covering green mass with waste products of alcohol production – distillery waste in volume of 100 l/ha, in which organic plant wastes are dissolved – sunflower baskets in amount of 15–20 % of total volume. Surface of the siderates is covered with a layer of Bekulit clay in amount of 2 t/ha.EFFECT: method improves efficiency due to use of natural sources and recycled raw materials.1 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to agriculture, and can be used to increase soil fertility without the use of chemical plant protection products.

The known method, in which organic fertilizers and biological products are introduced (patent No. 2173310, published 09/10/2001. Bull. No. 25, IPC A01B 79/02).

However, the method is complicated by the fact that organic matter is used as green manure in the fall, plowing into the soil, and biological products - in the spring before sowing.

There is also known a method in which green manure crops are sown after harvesting cereals and soy is sown as an organic substance mixed with oats, embedding green mass in the soil (patent No. 2477941, published 03/27/2013, bull. No. 30, IPC А01В 79/02) ...

In the known technical solution, the soil does not receive a sufficient amount of minerals, especially potash, which are necessary for subsequent crops in the crop rotation (potatoes, sunflower, safflower, etc.), which reduces the efficiency of the method.

The closest technical solution to the proposed object is the method of greening, in which binary mixtures are sown (winter camelina and one-year clover Shabdar) as crop crops after harvesting corn, and the next year the vegetative mass of both crops in the budding phase is plowed, irrigating it with mineral water, adding corn cobs (patent No. 2684745, published 04/12/2019. Bull. No. 11. IPC А01В 79/02, В09С 1/00).

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is that the plowing of green manure only reduces the toxicity of the soil, without providing nutrients to subsequent crops in the crop rotation of organic farming, which reduces the efficiency of the method.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the method. The technical solution of the declared object is that after harvesting corn for silage and tillage, a binary mixture of white mustard and one-year-old Alexandrian clover is sown in a ratio of 2: 1, and in the spring, in the budding phase, both crops are mowed, covering the green mass with waste of alcohol production - stillage in volume of 100 l / ha, in which organic plant waste is dissolved - sunflower baskets in the amount of 15-20% of the total volume, and the surface of the green manure is covered with a layer of Bekulit clay in the amount of 2 t / ha. The method is carried out as follows.

Of the three known types of mustard (white, black, Sarepta), white was chosen, as it forms the largest amount of aboveground mass and has the maximum amount of nutrients (vitamins, minerals, flavanoids, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, molybdenum, chlorine, cobalt and etc.). This crop is considered a phytosanitary of the soil and is widely used as a green manure, not only to replenish the soil with nutrients, but also as a fungicide and insecticide in the fight against diseases and pests. It develops a powerful root system, has high winter hardiness and drought resistance.

Alexandrian clover is an annual type of clover. Mixed with mustard, it has sorption properties to cleanse the soil from toxic substances. This crop is capable of accumulating up to 150 kg / ha of biological nitrogen. During the budding period, both crops reach heights of up to 1 m and are capable of providing an aboveground biomass yield of about 25 t / ha.

Alcohol stillage - alcohol production waste contains protein 25-28%, BEV - 40-41%, fat 5-7%, ash 7-8% and a complex of macro and microelements (zinc, cobalt, manganese, vanadium, iron, etc.) , which are nutrients for the soil microflora. To accelerate the decomposition of sunflower baskets and replenish the soil with potassium contained in them, they are soaked in an amount of 15-20 kg per 100 liters of alcohol stillage. Sour alcohol stillage due to the alkaline reaction of baskets is partially neutralized and its acidity is completely reduced when the surface of green manure cultures of Beculite clay is located.

Clay Bekulite contains a mineral base of zeolite-containing clay dialbeculite, into which 0.1% aqueous solution of potassium iodide is introduced and soil with a 0-20 cm layer of perennial legumes of the second year of life in the following ratio (wt%): potassium iodide 0.1% aqueous solution 8-19; soil (up to 20 cm layer) from under perennial leguminous grasses 10-15, dialbeculite clay - the rest. Dialbekulite clay (place of origin: floodplain of the Terek River, tributary Ursdon, Digorsky district, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) contains silicon (46.5%), iron (7.1%), potassium (1.1%), calcium (37% ), cobalt (0.1%), zinc (1.1%), nickel (1.7%), phosphorus (1.7%). The reaction of the medium is alkaline. By adding dialbeculite to the zeolite-containing clay soil taken in a 0-20 cm layer under crops of the 2nd year of legume grasses (alfalfa, sainfoin, clover, lyadvenets, sweet clover, etc.), the substrate is enriched with nitrogen-fixing nodules, microorganisms of the upper soil layer - the pedosphere.

The potassium iodide solution added to the substrate activates the vital activity of nodule nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

The soil sampled for the substrate from leguminous grasses of the 2nd year of life contains a greater amount of biological nitrogen than that selected from the same grasses of the 1st year of life (approximately 2-3 times). Due to the sorption properties of green manures and baskets of sunflower and Beculite clay, the soil is not only enriched with nutrients, but also cleared of toxic substances present in the soil.

Example 1. On a plot of leached chernozem with an area of 1 hectare after harvesting the mass of corn (the first decade of August), the soil was cultivated and a mixture of white mustard 20 kg / ha and Alexandria clover 10 kg / ha was sown in a narrow-row method. The next year, in the spring, in the budding phase (first decade of May), the green mass was mowed. The surface of the mowed mass was sprayed with a solution of alcohol stillage (100 l / ha), in which 15 kg of sunflower baskets were previously dissolved. A layer of green manure crops, treated with a solution of alcohol stillage, was covered with Beculite clay at the rate of 2 t / ha, after which the mass was plowed into the soil 2-3 days later. After additional tillage, the heat-loving oilseed crop safflower was sown

Example 2. Sowing of mustard and clover was carried out as in the first example, but in contrast to it, 20 kg of sunflower baskets were added to the alcohol stillage. After additional tillage, the safflower oil crop was sown.

The results of the experiments are summarized in tables 1 and 2

Experimentally substantiated data indicate that the proposed methods provide an improvement in soil fertility and contribute to an increase in the yield of the subsequent safflower oilseed crop in the crop rotation without the introduction of chemical plant protection agents. The method increases the efficiency of the proposed technical solution through the use of natural sources and recycled raw materials.

Claims (1)

A method of soil sideration in organic farming, including binary sowing of winter crops, mowing in the budding phase, applying clay and plowing the mowed mass, characterized in that after harvesting corn for silage and tillage, a binary mixture of white mustard and one-year-old alexandrian clover is sown in a ratio of 2: 1, and in the spring, in the budding phase, both crops are mowed, covering the green mass with wastes of alcohol production - stillage in a volume of 100 l / ha, in which organic plant waste is dissolved - sunflower baskets in the amount of 15-20% of the total volume, and the surface of the green manure is covered with a layer clay Bekulite in the amount of 2 t / ha.