RU2291608C1 - Potato growing method using biotechnology - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, potato growing process.

SUBSTANCE: method involves using perennial leguminous grasses harvested during first mowing as precursor plant; cultivating soil by stubble shelling, subsoil tillage and plowing; providing pre-planting treatment of tubers with composition containing complex of Pseudomonas sp. strains and humic fertilizer "Darina" and pre-harvesting treatment of potato seedlings. Before treatment, composition is thinned with cultural liquid of 3-day Chlorella Vulgaris. Pre-harvesting treatment of potato seedlings is performed using natural bischofite brine applied at the rate of 35-40 l/hectare.

EFFECT: increased potato yield and reduced pesticide pressing of soil.

2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of potatoes.

A known method of growing potatoes, including using as a precursor a grain crop sown over a layer of perennial grasses, stubble cultivation, plowing, cutting ridges in the fall, pre-planting tubers by heating and germinating tubers on covered areas, planting [1].

To protect plants from weeds in the known method, the Zencor herbicide is used, from pests - insecticides, for example, Fastak. Before harvesting the tops are treated with 3% magnesium chlorate.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of harsh chemicals - pesticides that have a depressing effect on the soil, plants.

EFFECT: reduced pesticidal pressure on soil, plants, and increased potato productivity.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method comprising cultivating the soil after the predecessor by stubbing, plowing, cutting ridges in the fall, pre-planting treatment of tubers, planting, and pre-harvesting planting of potatoes, according to the invention, perennial bean grasses are used as a precursor after the first mowing, the main tillage after harvesting the predecessor further includes subsurface tillage to a depth of 14-16 cm, which is carried out 2-3 weeks after stubble peeling, and the next after it is plowing - with an interval of at least 2 weeks, pre-planting treatment of tubers is carried out with a composition from a complex of microorganism strains of the genus Pseudomonas: Pseudomonas Species 7G, Pseudomonas Species 7G 2K, Pseudomonas Species 17-2 at a concentration of 2-5 · 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml, taken in relation to 1,5: 0,7: 1,5 and humic fertilizer Darina. Before processing, the composition is diluted with 3-day-old Chlorella Vulgaris culture fluid in 70-80 liters of fluid - the volume required to process 1 ton of tubers at the rate of 2.7 ml of the strain complex and 4.86 ml of Darina per ton of tubers. Pre-harvest processing of planting potatoes is carried out with brine of natural bischofite at the rate of 35-40 l / ha.

Examples of the method.

Example 1 (control).

After harvesting winter wheat, stubble cultivation was carried out with disc cultivators to a depth of 6-8 cm. 10 days after disking, plowing was carried out to the depth of the arable layer. Cresting was carried out in the fall. In spring, when physical ripeness of the soil was reached in the ridges, potatoes of the Volzhanin variety were planted, previously matured on an indoor platform for heating and germination for 20-25 days at a temperature of + 12- + 14 ° С.

To protect plants from weeds, Zencor herbicide was used at a dose of 1 kg / ha, which was applied twice before planting potatoes. To protect plants from pests, a 2-fold treatment with Fastak insecticide at a dose of 0.12 l / ha was used.

Potato cultivation was carried out on irrigation. Maintenance of soil moisture was carried out within 70-75% of HB in the soil layer of 0.6 m

Before harvesting (for a week), potato plantings were treated with 3% magnesium chlorate by spraying.

Potatoes were harvested in late July - early August. Productivity was 195 kg / ha. The output of commodity tubers is 90%.

Example 2

After harvesting the 1st mowing of alfalfa, stubble cultivation was carried out by disk cultivators. After 2.5 weeks, subsurface tillage was carried out to a depth of 14-16 cm. After that, after 2 weeks, plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm and cutting ridges were carried out.

Pre-planting treatment of tubers was performed with a composition from a complex of Pseudomonas ps strains. In the amount of 2.7 ml and humic fertilizer Darina - 4.86 ml. Before treatment, the composition was diluted with 3-day-old Chlorella Vulgaris culture fluid in 80 liters of fluid.

Plant protection from pests and maintaining soil moisture were carried out similarly to control.

A week before harvesting, planting potatoes was treated with brine of natural bischofite at the rate of 35-40 l / ha by spraying a working solution in an amount of 350 l / ha.

Potatoes were harvested at the same time as the control. Productivity was 260 kg / ha. The output of commodity tubers 93%.

When used as a precursor of perennial legumes, the nutrient content in the soil significantly exceeds this indicator in comparison with the prototype. This allows you to reduce the dose of mineral fertilizers.

Additional tillage in the form of non-mold cultivation in the proposed method provides almost 100% destruction of alfalfa and reduction of soil contamination by annual and perennial weeds. It also increases the nutrient content in the soil by enhancing the microbiological activity of soil microorganisms.

The strains Pseudomonas Species 7G, Pseudomonas Species 7G 2K, Pseudomonas Species 17-2 included in the complex possess a wide spectrum of antagonistic activity on phytopathogens. Moreover, each strain has a high specific activity with respect to a specific phytopathogen, and the composition of the strains is more capable of suppressing the development of phytopathogens than each individually. The composition allows to reduce the degree of damage to potatoes by fungal and bacterial diseases caused by phytopathogenic bacteria: Bacterium phytophtorum (black leg), Corinebacterium sepedonicum (ring rot), as well as Fusarium oxysporum (fusarium wilt), Rizoctonia solani (phyrytophthto).

Reducing pesticidal pressure on soil and plants is achieved by eliminating the use of Zencor herbicide and magnesium chlorate from the process chain.

The yield increase of 65 centners per hectare compared with the prototype is due to additional tillage in the form of subsurface cultivation and the use of a complex of strains in conjunction with the Darina humic fertilizer.

The use of natural bischofite brine as a desiccant makes it possible to enrich the soil with the mineral elements contained in it, according to the natural formula, in the optimal ratio.

Information sources

1. Recommendations for conducting spring field work in the farms of the Volgograd region in 2003 (Technological requirements) Volgograd, 2003, pp. 43-46.

Claims (1)

A method of growing potatoes using biotechnology, including cultivating the soil after the predecessor by stubbing, plowing, cutting ridges in autumn, pre-planting tubers, planting and pre-harvesting planting potatoes, characterized in that perennial leguminous herbs after the first mowing are used as a precursor, the main processing the soil after harvesting the predecessor additionally includes subsurface cultivation to a depth of 14-16 cm, which is carried out 2-3 weeks after stubble peeling, and blowing her plowing is carried out at intervals of at least two weeks, preplant tubers carried complex composition of microbial strains genus Pseudomonas: Pseudomonas Species 7D, Pseudomonas Species 7G2K, Pseudomonas Species concentration 17-2 2-5 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml, taken in the ratio of 1.5: 0.7: 1.5, and the Darina humic fertilizer, before treatment, the composition is diluted with a three-day Chlorella Vulgaris culture liquid in 70-80 liters of liquid - the volume required to process one ton of tubers at the rate of 2.7 ml of the strain complex and 4.86 ml of Darina per ton of tubers, in the preharvest the potato planting is carried out with brine of natural bischofite at the rate of 35-40 l / ha.