CN111213534B - Simple method for preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs - Google Patents
Simple method for preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simply preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs, which is used for preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy cave tray seedling culture periods and bag cultivation periods respectively, and green simply preventing and controlling technical schemes of 'one-cover-lapping, two-monitoring, three-damage-controlling' and 'one-monitoring, two-blocking and three-damage-controlling' are constructed respectively.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to a simple method for controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs.
Background
Rhododendron roseum (Echeveria' Perle von Nrnberg) belongs to Crassulaceae (Crassulaceae) Echeveria (Echeveria) ornamental plant. In recent years, with the development of industry, the red heart lotus has more meat, which is one of important commercial varieties in Fujian, and the products are sold across the country and countries of the day, the Korea, the European and American countries. At present, the production of the red heart lotus fleshiness is mainly carried out in a greenhouse.
Lycoris radiata Leoni (Phenacoccus solani Ferris) belongs to Hemiptera (Hemiptera), Gecko superfamily (Coccoidea), Lecanidae (Pseudococcidae), Lecanicilliaceae (Phenacocinae), and Lecanicillium sp. Lycoris radiata mealybugs are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, female adults and nymph spines are used for absorbing edible plant juice, the fertility is strong, the egg production amount is large, parthenogenesis and population generation overlapping and other biological characteristics are achieved, and serious economic loss is caused in a red heart lotus succulent planting base in Zhangzhou region in recent years.
The method is characterized in that a scholars provides corresponding prevention and control measures for the common insect pest coccid in the process of planting succulent rosecanes, but the measures are based on the prevention and control of the insect pests by using chemical pesticides, are easy to cause the excessive application of the pesticides, conflict with the green leading guidance of the new era, and the prevention and control are carried out by using the pesticides, so that the insect pests can generate drug resistance, and the prevention and control efficiency is further reduced; and the variety of the scale insects is many, and the scale insects which are mentioned in the current research are all not lycoris radiata and are belonged to new quarantine pests, and the research is very few, so that no green simple prevention and control measures based on the concept of 'healthy cultivation + biological control' are seen.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of how to provide a green and simple method for preventing and controlling lycoris radiata mealybugs with red heart lotus fleshy and green by taking 'healthy cultivation and biological prevention' as concepts.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention respectively carries out the control of the lycoris radiata mealybugs in the tray seedling stage and the bag cultivation stage of the red heart lotus fleshiness, and different amounts of microbial bacteria powder and the microbial bacteria powder are scattered according to the monitored insect plant rate
The biological natural enemies have great significance for green production and environmental protection of the green production of the green houseleek with more meat while improving the pest control effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a simple method for preventing and controlling the red heart lotus fleshy lycoris mealybugs is characterized in that prevention and control are respectively carried out in a cave disk seedling culture period and a bag planting cultivation period of the red heart lotus fleshy lycoris mealybugs, and the prevention and control process in the cave disk seedling culture period comprises the following steps:
1) covering: building a plurality of seedling raising sheds above the red heart lotus fleshiness seedling raising platform;
2) monitoring: installing a monitoring imaging system on the seedling shed, and monitoring and calculating the insect plant rate;
3) controlling the pests: according to the insect plant rate, performing prevention and control to different degrees, and culturing to obtain young plants;
when the insect plant rate is less than 3%, removing the succulent seedlings of the red heart lotus harmed by the lycoris radiata mealybugs out of the seedling raising plug tray, and performing centralized treatment; or spreading wheat bran dressing containing neoseiulus cucumeris-carried bacteria in the hole tray;
when the pest rate is more than or equal to 3% and less than or equal to 10%, spreading wheat bran dressing containing neoseiulus cucumeris-carrier in the hole tray; placing the cryptolaemus labyrinthica or the harmonia axyridis egg cards on the planting frame, wherein each egg card contains 20 ladybug eggs, and 1-2 egg cards are placed in each seedling shed;
when the insect rate is more than 10 percent, spraying 30 percent of spirotetramat, 3000 times liquid of thiamethoxam suspending agent or 18 percent of 1500 times liquid of pyraflufen-buprofezin suspending agent for seedling, wherein the spraying amount is 15L/667m2Spraying for 5-7 daysThen, uniformly spreading a matrix mixing material containing Metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 strain powder into the hole tray, wherein each gram of strain powder contains 80 hundred million spores, spraying water into the greenhouse until the humidity in the greenhouse is 70%, and stopping spraying water;
the technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows:
and (3) in the plug seedling stage: the whole seedling period from the leaf insertion or the tissue culture seedling to the rooting of the succulent young red heart lotus is about 20-30 d. At this stage, a green simple prevention and control technical scheme of 'one cover-lapping, two monitoring and three damage-controlling' is constructed by means of 'isolation + monitoring + green control', so that the purpose of controlling propagation and damage of lycoris radiate mealybugs is achieved;
when the seedling raising shed is built, a small seedling raising shed cover (600 cm in length, 120cm in width and 70cm in height) is built on a succulent plant layered seedling raising platform by using PVC plastic pipes (the inner diameter is 8mm multiplied by the outer diameter is 10mm), the small seedling raising shed cover is composed of transverse pipes and arc-shaped pipes which are uniformly arranged in rows, the arc-shaped pipes are built every 100cm, all the shed pipes are connected and fixed through the transverse pipes, and an insect-proof net or a shading net is covered on a framework to prevent the emigration of lycoris radiata mealybugs and create a more suitable small seedling raising environment;
during monitoring, an electric slide rail (the length is 600cm, the width is 6cm, the thickness is 6cm, the slide rails on two sides are 2cm, the depth is 2cm) is arranged below a transverse pipe of a small seedling raising shed cover, an integrated mobile camera is carried, the camera is a panoramic spherical camera (the lens focal length is 3.6MM, the zoom adjusting distance is 0-5m, the visual angle field is 107.7 degrees, the pixel is 200W, and the resolution is 1920 x 1080), and the seedling stage health of the red heart lotus fleshy and the pest damage condition mainly caused by lycoris and mealybugs are monitored in a linear mode. Wherein, the seedling health condition monitoring is mainly based on wide-angle visual field irregular observation of the growth vigor and health condition of the red heart lotus fleshy seedlings; the method mainly comprises the steps of monitoring the damage condition of the insect plants in the seedling stage, wherein the occurrence proportion and the damage degree of the red heart lotus fleshy insect plants are observed regularly and at fixed points in a microspur visual field, and the insect plant rate (the number of the insect plants/the total number of the observed plants) of the insect plants damaged by lycoris radiata mealybugs is counted after imaging and is used as an important index for selecting insect damage control judgment measures;
when the pest control rate is less than 3%, the breeding predatory mites of the lycoris radiata lecher are controlled to predate the lycoris radiata lecher by using the microbial powder with strong scale killing activity, such as the predatory mites carrying metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 (self-separation in the laboratory) and the like, so that the mites control pests; metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 carried by predatory mites has strong infectivity on lycoris radiata mealybugs, can effectively kill and inhibit the propagation of the lycoris radiata mealybugs, and uses the bacteria to control insects.
The worm rate is more than or equal to 3% and less than or equal to 10%, the worm opening amount of the lycoris radiata mealybugs is regulated and controlled by increasing the spreading of wheat bran dressing containing new small cucumeris amblyseius-carried bacteria and increasing the ladybug predation measures, so that the harm of the lycoris radiata mealybugs is reduced; when the insect strain rate is more than 10%, 30% of spirotetramat, 3000-.
The prevention and control process of the bag planting cultivation period comprises the following steps:
4) and (3) monitoring again: transplanting the young plants to a nutrition bag, placing the nutrition bag on a planting frame, and observing and calculating the rate of the young plants when ants move on the planting frame;
5) blocking: the lycoris radiata mealybugs are prevented and controlled in 2 modes of underground blocking and shelf blocking;
6) controlling the pests:
early-stage prevention: spraying 3000-5000 times liquid of propionyl brassinolide aqua or 1000 times liquid of oligosaccharide-catenin 6% (composed of 3% amino-oligosaccharin and 3% alternaria tenuissima activator protein) with spraying amount of 20L/667m2Spraying 1-2 days later, spreading 1-1.5g wheat bran dressing containing systemic insecticide in the nutrition bag, spraying 30-45 days later, and repeatedly spraying immune regulator for 1 time in the same amount;
when the insect rate is less than 5 percent, spraying 800 times of liquid of a biosynthesis inhibitor ZR-777600 or 1000 times of liquid of 10 percent hexaflumuron suspending agent 800 to young plants, wherein the spraying amount is 20L/667m2；
When the insect strain rate is more than or equal to 5 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent, spraying 1500-fold 2000-fold liquid of 80 hundred million spores/ml metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 spore suspension to young plants, wherein the spraying amount is 20L/667m2After 3-5 days, the nutrition bag is filled with the nutrient solution
Scattering 1-1.5g of wheat bran dressing containing neoseiulus cucumeris, placing coccinella labyrinthica or coccinella heteroclita egg cards on each planting frame, wherein each egg card contains 20 coccinella ovata eggs, and placing 2-3 egg cards on each planting frame;
when the insect rate is more than 15 percent, 9 percent of 1000-fold liquid of indoxacarb suspending agent or 6 percent of 1500-fold liquid of abamectin and acetamiprid aqueous emulsion is sprayed on the young plants, the spraying amount is 20L/667m2(ii) a And after 5-7d, re-investigating the plant rate, and selecting corresponding biocontrol and pest control measures.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows:
and (3) a bag planting cultivation period: the young succulent plants of the red heart lotus are transplanted in a nutrition bag containing a culture medium from a hole tray until the young plants grow to 3-5cm of plant height and 5-8cm of diameter in a greenhouse for the whole culture period, and the culture period is about 60-90 days. At this stage, a green simple prevention and control technical scheme of 'first monitoring, second blocking and third damage' is constructed by means of 'spot check, isolation and green control', so that the aims of controlling the damage and propagation of the lycoris radiate mealybugs are achieved;
the underground blocking and the shelf blocking can effectively block the propagation path of the lycoris radiata mealybugs and improve the prevention and control effect;
propionyl brassinolide is a novel green and environment-friendly plant growth regulator, is sprayed on young plants, can improve the stress resistance and the disease and insect resistance of the young plants, and simultaneously promotes the growth of the young plants, so that the red heart lotus has more flesh, more beautiful color and thicker leaves; spraying systemic insecticide in the nutrition bag to enable the insecticide to be in direct contact with pests, so that the pests are killed; the oligosaccharide and the catenin can improve the stress resistance of plants and play a role in inducing immunity and preventing insects;
the metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 has strong infectivity on lycoris radiate mealybugs, can effectively kill and inhibit the propagation of the lycoris radiate mealybugs, kills insects with the metarhizium anisopliae, can be used together with an insecticide, and has certain compatibility.
When the rate of the insect plants is less than 5 percent, spraying a biosynthesis inhibitor ZR-777(3,7, 11-trimethyl-2, 4-dodecadienoic acid isopropyl ester) 600-fold liquid or 10 percent hexaflumuron suspending agent 800-fold liquid or 10 percent hexaflumuron suspension 800-fold liquid to the young plants, wherein the inhibitor ZR-777 and hexaflumuron are both chitin synthesis inhibitors, and further inhibiting the synthesis of chitin indicated by insect cells to achieve the effect of killing insects;
when the insect rate is more than 15 percent, 9 percent of alpha-indoxacarb suspending agent 1000-fold liquid or 6 percent of abamectin and acetamiprid aqueous emulsion 1500-fold liquid is sprayed on young plants to effectively kill lycoris radiata mealybugs, and the insecticidal composition is safe, wide in spectrum, low in dosage, long in lasting period, not easy to generate drug resistance and free of cross resistance with other insecticides.
As the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the specification of the seedling raising shed is as follows: the length is 600cm, the width is 120cm, and the height is 70 cm; the specifications of the plug tray are as follows: the length is 60cm, the width is 30cm, and the height is 5 cm; the specification of the nutrition bag is as follows: diameter 8cm x height 8 cm; the planting frame has the specification that: 600cm long, 120cm wide and 80cm high.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 3), when the insect strain rate is less than 3%, 3-4 bottles of 'small cucumber amblyseius-carrying bacteria' are mixed into every 500g of wheat bran, the bacteria in the carrying bacteria are metarhizium anisopliae FM-03, the net content of the small cucumber amblyseius is more than or equal to 25000 per bottle, and 50g of wheat bran mixed material is scattered into each seedling shed.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the neoseiulus cucumeris is used as a predatory mite of the lycoris radiata mealybugs, can effectively pred the lycoris radiata mealybugs on the fleshy red heart lotus, and achieves the biological control effect; wheat bran is an effective carrier of neoseiulus cucumeris-carrier; but also can be used as an application and stirring material, and can effectively control the application amount of natural enemies or thalli; meanwhile, wheat bran is a pure natural matrix, and has no side effect when being applied to plants, and even has certain functions of ventilation and growth promotion.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 3), when the insect strain rate is more than or equal to 3% and less than or equal to 10%, 150g of wheat bran dressing containing neoseiulus cucumeris thallus carrying bacteria is randomly scattered in each seedling shed.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the insect strain rate is more than 10 percent, 100g of matrix mixing materials are uniformly scattered in each seedling raising shed and 8-10g of Metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 fungus powder is mixed in each 500g of culture matrix, wherein each 500g of culture matrix comprises 80 hundred million spores/g of Metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 fungus powder.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation of examining the insect population ratio in step 4) and step 6) is: the method comprises the steps of monitoring the succulence damage condition of the red heart lotus by a parallel line sampling method, selecting 2 monitoring points for each planting frame, extracting succulence of 25 red heart lotus at each point, and counting the number of damaged plants.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention,
the concrete operation of the underground blocking is as follows: placing chrysanthemum, lantana camara and purslane potted plants on the ground around the planting frame; wherein the placing interval is 100-120cm, and the plant height is less than or equal to 50 cm;
the specific operation of the shelf blocking is as follows: and paving and covering the bottom of the inner platform of the planting frame with an armyworm adhesive tape, and placing chrysanthemum, lantana camara and purslane potted plants on the inner platform.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the chrysanthemum, the lantana camara and the purslane pot culture are pot culture of favorite plants of the lycoris radiata and mealybugs (the bottom diameter is 20cm, the height is 15cm), and the trap function of the pot culture plants is utilized to block the propagation of the lycoris radiata and mealybugs from the peripheral environment to the planting frame; establishing a blocking trapping area on an inner platform of the planting frame according to the insect bite isolation requirement, paving and covering the bottom of the area (with the length of 120cm multiplied by the width of 25cm) with an armyworm adhesive tape, placing 3 pots of Lycoris radiata Lepidium Ching favorite plants potted plants (chrysanthemum, lantana camara and purslane, the bottom diameter of 13cm multiplied by the height of 11cm), and blocking a propagation path of the Lycoris radiata Lepidium Ching among succulent plants on the inner platform of the planting frame by utilizing the trapping and killing function of the armyworm adhesive tape and the trapping function of the potted plants.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the early prevention process in the step 6), the systemic insecticide is dinotefuran particles with the mass fraction of 3%, and 10-12.5g of dinotefuran particles are mixed into every 100g of wheat bran.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: dinotefuran is the latest generation of nicotine pesticide. The chemical structure of the pesticide is completely different from that of the prior nicotine pesticide, the tetrahydrogen furyl group of the pesticide replaces the prior chloropyridyl group and chlorothiazyl group, and does not contain halogen elements. Meanwhile, the composition is different from nicotine in performance, has a wider insecticidal spectrum, and can effectively prevent and control the lycoris radiate mealybugs.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 6), when the insect plant rate is more than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 15%, 0.5-0.6 bottle of neoseiulus cucumeris is added per 100g of wheat bran, and the net content of neoseiulus cucumeris is more than or equal to 25000 per bottle.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the steps 1) to 6), the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50-70%.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the greenhouse temperature and the moderate temperature are vital to the growth of the succulent red heart lotus, when the temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the humidity is 50-70%, the succulent red heart lotus has bright color, thick leaves, developed roots and low insect plant rate, and the effect of green pest control is achieved.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the hole trays and the nutrition bags are both filled with culture mediums, and the culture mediums are formed by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 35% of peat soil, 30% of oval bran, 25% of honeycomb briquette and 10% of immortal soil.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: ensuring that the culture medium is loose, breathable, good in drainage, free of insect hiding and has a certain aggregation structure and fertility; the peat soil is soil which is deposited on low plain lands of certain rivers and lakes and in valley lands between mountains, has dense aquatic vegetation due to long-term water accumulation, is accumulated by a large amount of insufficiently decomposed plant residues under the condition of oxygen deficiency and forms a peat layer, so that the peat soil contains rich humus and has a remarkable promoting effect on the growth of succulent red heart lotus; the immortal soil contains abundant nutrient elements, can effectively supplement nutrient components for plants, has certain solidification power, is not easy to loosen, and has good water retention and fertilizer retention capabilities, so that the disease resistance and insect pest resistance of the succulent red heart lotus can be improved, and the succulent quality of the red heart lotus is further improved.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the technical effects achieved by the invention comprise that:
1) the invention provides a green and simple method for preventing and controlling lycoris radiata mealybugs with fleshy red heart lotus in a greenhouse, which has strong operability, high pest control efficiency, safety and environmental protection;
2) the pest control effect on the greenhouse red heart lotus fleshy lycoris mealybugs reaches 90-95%, the occurrence of other plant diseases and insect pests in the greenhouse red heart lotus fleshy planting process can be reduced, the use amount of chemical pesticides is reduced by 20-25%, and the pest control method has important significance on green production and environmental protection of greenhouse red heart lotus fleshy lycoris mealybugs;
3) the method can improve the pest control consciousness and level of farmers to the succulent planting of the red heart lotus in the greenhouse, reduce the pest control cost by 25-30%, improve the qualification rate of the succulent red heart lotus commodity by 10-15%, and has very obvious economic and social benefits.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of monitoring the seedling stage of the plug seedling in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the working principle of the underground block and the shelf block in the bag cultivation period in the embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A simple method for preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) in the plug seedling stage:
1) a small seedling raising shed (600 cm in length, 120cm in width and 70cm in height) is built above a succulent plant layered seedling raising platform by using PVC plastic pipes (the inner diameter is 8mm multiplied by the outer diameter is 10mm), and the small seedling raising shed is formed by connecting and fixing arch pipes and transverse pipes which are uniformly arranged in rows, wherein the arch pipes are built every 100cm, and an insect-proof net or a shading net is covered.
2) An electric slide rail (the length is 600cm, the width is 6cm, the thickness is 6cm, the slide rails on two sides are 2cm and the depth is 2cm) is arranged below a transverse pipe of the small seedling raising shed, an integrated mobile camera is carried, and the insect strain rate (the number of insect strains/the total number of observed strains) of red heart lotus succulent lycoris and mealybugs which are harmful to lycoris radiata is linearly monitored and counted.
3) The monitoring result shows that the insect strain rate in the period is 4.1 percent, and the following measures are selected for treatment: 150g of wheat bran mixed material is randomly scattered in each small seedling shed, the wheat bran mixed material is placed in a plug tray of the succulent seedling of the red lotus, 3 bottles of commercial bottled products of 'small new cucumeris-carried bacteria' are mixed in every 500g of wheat bran, and the net content of predatory mites in each bottle of products needs to be more than or equal to 25000; the commercial egg card product capable of synchronously releasing the harmonia axyridis contains 20 ladybug eggs per egg card and 2 egg cards per small seedling shed. The insect strain rate in the period is reduced to 0.3 percent after treatment, and the pest control effect is 92.68 percent.
(2) And (3) a bag planting cultivation period:
1) transplanting succulent young plants of red heart lotus to a nutrition bag (diameter is 8cm multiplied by height is 8cm) from a hole tray, and uniformly placing on a succulent planting frame (length is 600cm multiplied by width is 120cm multiplied by height is 80 cm). When the planting shelves have sporadic ant activities, the situation that the red heart lotus fleshy is damaged by the main insects of lycoris radiata mealybugs is monitored by adopting a parallel line sampling method, 2 monitoring points are selected for each planting shelf, 25 red heart lotus fleshy plants are extracted from each point, the occurrence proportion and the damage degree of the red heart lotus fleshy insect plants are regularly observed, and the insect plant rate (the number of insect plants/the total number of the observed plants) of the red heart lotus fleshy insects damaged by the lycoris radiata mealybugs is counted.
2) Chrysanthemum plant pot plants (the bottom diameter is 20cm and the height is 15cm) with the plant height less than or equal to 50cm are placed on the ground around the orthographic projection long edge of the planting frame at intervals of 100 cm.
3) A blocking trapping area with the length of 120cm multiplied by the width of 25cm is established on an inner-layer platform of a planting frame according to insect population blocking requirements, the bottom of the blocking trapping area is paved and covered by an insect sticking adhesive tape, and 3 pot chrysanthemum plant potted plants (the bottom diameter is 13cm multiplied by the height is 11cm) are placed at the middle position at intervals along the same direction.
4) After the mangrove lotus fleshy bags are planted, 220ml of 0.003 percent propionyl brassinolide aqueous 5000-fold liquid is sprayed per each planting frame, 1.5g of wheat bran dressing containing dinotefuran particles is scattered in each nutrition bag after 1d, and 10g of 3 percent dinotefuran particles are mixed per 100g of wheat bran; after watering for 30 days for the first time, applying the propionyl brassinolide aqueous solution with the same amount as that of the propionyl brassinolide for 1 time.
5) The monitoring result shows that the insect strain rate in the period is 8.7 percent, and the following measures are selected for treatment: spraying 220ml of 2000-fold liquid of 80 hundred million spores/ml metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 spore suspension onto each planting frame, spreading 1.5g of wheat bran mixed material containing predatory mites into the nutrition bags after 3d intervals, mixing 0.5 bottle of commercial bottle products of 'cucumber neoseiulus Amblyseius' into each 100g of wheat bran, wherein the net content of the predatory mites in each bottle of products is not less than 25000; the commercialized egg card products of cryptolaemus montrouzieri are synchronously released, each egg card contains 20 ladybug eggs, and 3 egg cards are released in each planting frame. The insect plant rate in the period is reduced to 0.8 percent after treatment, and the pest control effect is 90.80 percent.
The embodiment is used for green, light and simple prevention and control of the fleshy red heart lotus and the lycoris radiata mealybugs in the greenhouse, has better whole-process pest control effect, reduces the using amount of chemical pesticides by 23 percent, reduces the pest control cost by 28 percent, improves the qualification rate of the fleshy red heart lotus commodity by 12 percent and has very obvious economic and social benefits compared with the pest control measures of the chemical pesticides.
Note: the pest control effect is (insect plant rate before treatment-insect plant rate after treatment)/insect plant rate before treatment x 100.
In the whole process, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 25 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60%, sufficient illumination is provided in 3 seasons of winter, spring and autumn, the sun is properly shaded when the sunlight is strong in summer, and good ventilation is kept in four seasons.
Cave dish and nutrition bag matrix are mixed by 35% + peat soil 35% + ellipse chaff 30% + honeycomb briquette 25% + immortal soil 10% mass ratio and are constituteed, and mixed matrix 15d before using, mix matrix and add mix famous mildew, the wettable powder 10g of 68% of thiram per 10kg matrix, cover plastic film and seal, fully explode the sun-rain-proof 15d under the sunshine.
Example 2
A simple method for preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs comprises the following steps
(1) And (3) in the plug seedling stage:
1) a small seedling raising shed (600 cm in length, 120cm in width and 70cm in height) is built above a succulent plant layered seedling raising platform by using PVC plastic pipes (the inner diameter is 8mm multiplied by the outer diameter is 10mm), and the small seedling raising shed is formed by connecting and fixing arch pipes and transverse pipes which are uniformly arranged in rows, wherein the arch pipes are built every 100cm, and an insect-proof net or a shading net is covered.
2) An electric slide rail (the length is 600cm, the width is 6cm, the thickness is 6cm, the slide rails on two sides are 2cm and the depth is 2cm) is arranged below a transverse pipe of the small seedling raising shed, an integrated mobile camera is carried, and the insect strain rate (the number of insect strains/the total number of observed strains) of red heart lotus succulent lycoris and mealybugs which are harmful to lycoris radiata is linearly monitored and counted.
3) The monitoring result shows that the insect strain rate in the period is 2.8 percent, and the following measures are selected for treatment: 50g of wheat bran mixed material is randomly scattered in each small seedling shed, 4 bottles of commercial bottled products of 'small cucumber newly-small seiulus-bacterium carrying' are mixed in every 500g of wheat bran, and the net content of predatory mites in each bottle of products needs to be more than or equal to 25000. The insect plant rate in the period is reduced to 0.23 percent after treatment, and the pest control effect is 91.78 percent.
(2) And (3) a bag planting cultivation period:
1) transplanting succulent young plants of red heart lotus to a nutrition bag (diameter is 8cm multiplied by height is 8cm) from a hole tray, and uniformly placing on a succulent planting frame (length is 600cm multiplied by width is 120cm multiplied by height is 80 cm). When the planting shelves have sporadic ant activities, the situation that the red heart lotus fleshy is damaged by the main insects of lycoris radiata mealybugs is monitored by adopting a parallel line sampling method, 2 monitoring points are selected for each planting shelf, 25 red heart lotus fleshy plants are extracted from each point, the occurrence proportion and the damage degree of the red heart lotus fleshy insect plants are regularly observed, and the insect plant rate (the number of insect plants/the total number of the observed plants) of the red heart lotus fleshy insects damaged by the lycoris radiata mealybugs is counted.
2) And placing herba Portulacae plant potted plants (the bottom diameter is 20cm and the height is 15cm) with the plant height less than or equal to 50cm on the ground at intervals around the orthographic projection long side of the planting frame, wherein the placing intervals are 120 cm.
3) A blocking trapping area with the length of 120cm and the width of 25cm is established on an inner-layer platform of a planting frame according to insect opening blocking requirements, the bottom of the blocking trapping area is paved and covered by armyworm adhesive tapes, and 3 pots of purslane plant potted plants (the bottom diameter is 13cm and the height is 11cm) are placed at the middle position at intervals.
6) After the mangrove dolichos is planted in a succulent bag, 220ml of 1000-fold liquid of 6% oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder is sprayed on each planting frame, after 2 days, 1g of wheat bran dressing containing dinotefuran particles is scattered in each nutrition bag, 12.5g of 3% dinotefuran granules are mixed in each 100g of wheat bran, and after 30 days, 1000-fold liquid of 6% oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder is applied for 1 time in combination with watering in an equivalent manner;
7) the monitoring result shows that the insect strain rate in the period is 9.7%, and the following measures are selected for treatment: spraying 220ml of 1500-fold liquid of 80 hundred million spores/ml metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 spore suspension onto each planting frame, spreading 1g of wheat bran mixed material containing predatory mites into the nutrition bag after 5 days of interval, mixing 0.6 bottle of 250ml commercial bottle products of 'cucumber newly-seiulus', wherein the net content of the predatory mites in each bottle is not less than 25000; the commercial egg card product capable of synchronously releasing the harmonia axyridis contains 20 ladybug eggs per egg card, 3 egg cards are released in each planting frame, the insect strain rate is reduced to 0.9% in the period after treatment, and the pest control effect is 90.72%.
The embodiment is used for green, light and simple prevention and control of fleshy red heart lotus and lycoris radiata mealybugs in greenhouse, the whole pest control effect is better, compared with the pest control measure of chemical pesticides, the whole pest control measure reduces the usage amount of the chemical pesticides by 22 percent, the pest control cost by 25 percent, the commodity qualification rate of the fleshy red heart lotus is improved by 13 percent, and the economic and social benefits are very obvious.
In the whole process, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 20 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 70%, sufficient illumination is provided in 3 seasons of winter, spring and autumn, the sun is properly shaded when the sunlight is strong in summer, and good ventilation is kept in four seasons;
the hole tray and the nutrition bag matrix are formed by mixing 35% of peat soil, 30% of elliptical bran, 25% of honeycomb briquette and 10% of immortal soil in a mass ratio, 20 days before the mixed matrix is used, 20g of oxazal-thiram 68% wettable powder is added into every 10kg of matrix, a plastic film is covered for sealing, and the sunset is fully exploded under sunlight for 10 days.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example adopts a conventional method to prevent and control red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs, and comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) in the plug seedling stage:
1) placing a hole-free hole tray (with the length of 60cm, the width of 30cm and the height of 5cm) on a succulent plant layered seedling raising frame (with the length of 600cm, the width of 120cm and the height of 80cm), raising seedlings by using the hole tray, monitoring the damage condition of the main pests of the lycoris radiata lecanii to the succulence of the cardiotropha rosepalaes by adopting a five-point sampling method, extracting 20 succulences of the cardiotropha rosepalaes at each point, regularly observing the occurrence proportion and the damage degree of the succulence of the cardiotropha rosepalaes lecanii, and counting the pest plant rate (number of pest plants/total number of observed plants) of the succulence of the cardiotropha rosepalace by the lycoris radiata lecanii;
2) the monitoring result shows that the insect strain rate in the period is 8.3 percent, and the following measures are selected for treatment: spraying 5000 times of liquid of 12% abamectin etoxazole suspending agent or 2000 times of liquid of 43% bifenazate suspending agent to seedlings for 3 times, wherein the interval is 7 days each time. The insect plant rate in the period is reduced to 2.7 percent after treatment, and the pest control effect is 67.46 percent.
(2) And (3) a bag planting cultivation period:
1) transplanting succulent young plants of red heart lotus to a nutrition bag (diameter is 8cm multiplied by height is 8cm) from a hole tray, and uniformly placing on a succulent planting frame (length is 600cm multiplied by width is 120cm multiplied by height is 80 cm). The method comprises the steps of monitoring the damage condition of the main pests of the lycoris radiate mealybugs to the succulent red heart lotus by adopting a parallel line sampling method, selecting 2 monitoring points for each planting frame, extracting 25 plants of the lycoris radiate fleshy red heart lotus to succulent red heart lotus, regularly observing the occurrence proportion and the damage degree of the succulent red heart lotus fleshy insect plants, and counting the insect plant rate (the number of insect plants/the total number of observed plants) of the succulent red heart lotus borne lycoris radiate mealybugs.
2) The monitoring result shows that the insect strain rate in the period is 13.5 percent, and the following measures are selected for treatment: spraying 2000 times of 10% pyriproxyfen emulsifiable concentrate or 4000 times of 30% thiamethoxam suspending agent to young plants for 3 times at intervals of 7 days. The insect strain rate in the period is reduced to 4.2 percent after treatment, and the pest control effect is 68.89 percent.
In the whole process, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 25 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60%, sufficient illumination is provided in 3 seasons of winter, spring and autumn, the sun is properly shaded when the sunlight is strong in summer, and good ventilation is kept in four seasons.
Cave dish and nutrition bag matrix are mixed by peat soil 50% + vermiculite 50% mass ratio and are constituteed, and 15d before the mixed matrix uses evenly sprays 84 antiseptic solution, covers plastic film and seals tightly, fully explodes sunscreen-down 15d under the sunshine.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A simple method for preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs is characterized by comprising prevention and control in a plug seedling period and prevention and control in a bag planting cultivation period;
wherein, the prevention and control process of the plug seedling stage comprises:
1) covering: building a plurality of seedling raising sheds above the red heart lotus fleshiness seedling raising platform;
2) monitoring: installing a monitoring imaging system on the seedling shed, and monitoring and calculating the insect plant rate;
3) controlling the pests: according to the insect plant rate, performing prevention and control to different degrees, and culturing to obtain young plants;
when the insect plant rate is less than 3%, removing the succulent seedlings of the red heart lotus harmed by the lycoris radiata mealybugs out of the seedling raising plug tray, and performing centralized treatment; or spreading wheat bran dressing containing neoseiulus cucumeris-carried bacteria in the hole tray; wherein the thallus is Metarhizium anisopliae FM-03;
when the pest rate is more than or equal to 3% and less than or equal to 10%, spreading wheat bran dressing containing neoseiulus cucumeris-carrier in the hole tray; placing the cryptolaemus labyrinthica or the harmonia axyridis egg cards on the planting frame, wherein each egg card contains 20 ladybug eggs, and 1-2 egg cards are placed in each seedling shed; wherein the thallus is Metarhizium anisopliae FM-03;
when the insect rate is more than 10 percent, spraying 30 percent of spirotetramat, 3000 times liquid of thiamethoxam suspending agent or 18 percent of 1500 times liquid of pyraflufen-buprofezin suspending agent for seedling, wherein the spraying amount is 15L/667m2After spraying for 5-7 days, uniformly spraying a matrix mixing material containing Metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 fungus powder into the hole tray, wherein each gram of fungus powder contains 80 hundred million spores, spraying water into the greenhouse until the humidity in the greenhouse is 70%, and stopping spraying water;
the bag planting cultivation period prevention and control process comprises the following steps:
4) and (3) monitoring again: transplanting the young plants to a nutrition bag, placing the nutrition bag on a planting frame, and observing and calculating the rate of the young plants when ants move on the planting frame;
5) blocking: the lycoris radiata mealybugs are prevented and controlled in 2 modes of underground blocking and shelf blocking;
6) controlling the pests:
early-stage prevention: spraying 3000-5000 times liquid of propionyl brassinolide aqueous solution with 0.003 percent or 800-1000 times liquid of oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder with 6 percent on young plants, wherein the spraying amount is 20L/667m2Spraying 1-2 days later, spreading 1-1.5g wheat bran dressing containing systemic insecticide in the nutrition bag, spraying 30-45 days later, and repeatedly spraying immune regulator for 1 time in the same amount;
when the insect rate is less than 5 percent, spraying 800 times of liquid of a biosynthesis inhibitor ZR-777600 or 1000 times of liquid of 10 percent hexaflumuron suspending agent 800 to young plants, wherein the spraying amount is 20L/667m2；
When the insect strain rate is more than or equal to 5 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent, spraying 1500-fold 2000-fold liquid of metarhizium anisopliae FM-03 spore suspension with 80 hundred million spores/ml to young plants, wherein the spraying amount is 20L/667m2After 3-5 days, scattering 1-1.5g of wheat bran dressing containing neoseiulus cucumeris in the nutrition bag, placing 20 ladybug eggs in each egg card, and placing 2-3 egg cards in each planting frame;
when the insect rate is more than 15 percent, 9 percent of 1000-fold liquid of indoxacarb suspending agent or 6 percent of 1500-fold liquid of abamectin and acetamiprid aqueous emulsion is sprayed on the young plants, the spraying amount is 20L/667m2(ii) a And after 5-7d, re-investigating the plant rate, and selecting corresponding biocontrol and pest control measures.
2. The method for simply preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs in claim 1, which is characterized in that the specification of the seedling raising shed is as follows: the length is 600cm, the width is 120cm, and the height is 70 cm; the specifications of the plug tray are as follows: the length is 60cm, the width is 30cm, and the height is 5 cm; the specification of the nutrition bag is as follows: diameter 8cm x height 8 cm; the planting frame has the specification that: 600cm long, 120cm wide and 80cm high.
3. The method for simply preventing and controlling the red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs in the step 3) is characterized in that when the insect plant rate is less than 3 percent, 3-4 bottles of 'small cucumber neoseiulus-carrying bacteria' are mixed in every 500g of wheat bran, the bacteria in the carrying bacteria are Metarhizium anisopliae FM-03, the net content of the small cucumber neoseiulus is more than or equal to 25000 per bottle, and 50g of wheat bran mixed materials are scattered in each nursery house.
4. The method for simply preventing and controlling the red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step 3), when the plant rate is more than or equal to 3% and less than or equal to 10%, 150g of wheat bran dressing containing neoseiulus cucumeris-carried bacteria is randomly scattered in each seedling shed.
5. The method for simply preventing and controlling the red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs in the step 3) is characterized in that when the insect strain rate is more than 10%, 100g of matrix stirring materials are uniformly scattered in each seedling raising shed and mixed in a hole tray, and 8-10g of green muscardine fungus FM-03 fungus powder of 80 hundred million spores per gram of culture matrix is mixed in each 500g of culture matrix.
6. The method for simply preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs in claim 5, wherein the operations of investigating the plant rate in the steps 4) and 6) comprise: the method comprises the steps of monitoring the succulence damage condition of the roselle by a parallel line sampling method, selecting at least 2 monitoring points for each planting frame, extracting at least 25 succulences of the roselle at each point, and counting the number of damaged plants.
7. The method for simply preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs in claim 6, which is characterized in that,
the concrete operation of the underground blocking is as follows: placing chrysanthemum, lantana camara and purslane potted plants on the ground around the planting frame; wherein the placing interval is 100-120cm, and the plant height is less than or equal to 50 cm;
the specific operation of the shelf blocking is as follows: and paving and covering the bottom of the inner platform of the planting frame with an armyworm adhesive tape, and placing chrysanthemum, lantana camara and purslane potted plants on the inner platform.
8. The method for simply preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs in claim 7, wherein during the early prevention in step 6), the systemic insecticide is dinotefuran granules with a mass fraction of 3%, and 10-12.5g of dinotefuran granules are mixed per 100g of wheat bran.
9. The method for simply preventing and controlling the red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs in the step 6), wherein when the insect plant rate is more than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 15%, 0.5-0.6 bottle of neoseiulus cucumeris is added per 100g of wheat bran, and the net content of neoseiulus cucumeris is more than or equal to 25000 bottles.
10. The method for simply preventing and controlling red heart lotus fleshy lycoris radiata mealybugs according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hole trays and the nutrition bags are both filled with culture mediums, and the mediums are prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 35% of peat soil, 30% of oval bran, 25% of honeycomb briquette and 10% of immortal soil.
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Application publication date: 20200602 Assignee: Longhai Villager Gardening Co.,Ltd. Assignor: INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION, FAAS Contract record no.: X2023350000109 Denomination of invention: A light and simple method for preventing and controlling the succulent pink scale of red lotus and lycoris Granted publication date: 20210924 License type: Common License Record date: 20230323 |