CN107493940B - A kind of tomato green cultural method and plant residue reuse method - Google Patents
A kind of tomato green cultural method and plant residue reuse method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tomato green cultural methods, specifically includes the following steps: seed selection, seed treatment, sowing, planting canopy disinfection, soil disinfection, fertilising, field planting, built training, flower and fruit protecting, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and harvesting.In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of tomato plant residuum reuse methods.Any chemical pesticide is not sprayed using green cultural method of the invention in the course of cultivation, the tomato plant vines cultivated are sturdy, and leaf color is dark green, degeneration-resistant, disease resistance is strong, obtained Tomato Fruit Color is uniform, nutritive value is high, and highly-safe, yield is also high, and it is recycled by plant residue, not only reduce the pollution to environment, but also supplemented the nutrient of soil, and be conducive to the plantation of next batch of tomato.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of tomato green cultural method and plant residue recycling side
Method.
Background technique
A kind of tomato high, unique flavor fruit and vegetable as nutritive value, are favored by people.Tomato Hu trailing plants rich in
Bu Su, vitamin C and B family vitamin.It studies and measures according to nutritionist, eat 50 grams~100 grams fresh tomatoes for each person every day
Meet human body to the needs of multivitamin and minerals.In addition, " tomatin " that contains in tomato, there is the work for inhibiting bacterium
With；Malic acid, citric acid and the carbohydrate contained plays the role of increasing gastric acidity, helps digest, adjusts gastrointestinal function；Contain
Tartaric acid, the content of cholesterol can be reduced, it is very helpful to hyperlipemia.Because nutrition rich in tomato, and have more
Kind function, therefore the fruit in its dish for being referred to as mystery.
Pest and disease damage is more during tomato planting, especially by the tomato yellow leaf curl China viral disease of transmission via whitefly to tomato planting
Serious harm is brought, sometimes even destructive harm.It is normal in production in order to prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as tomato yellow leaf curl China viral disease
Largely by the way of multiple applications chemical pesticide, very big hidden danger is brought to Tomato Quality and safety；Meanwhile in order to improve
The fruit-setting rate of tomato is dipped in production using hormone and is spent come flower and fruit protecting, and hormone application is improper, easily causes deformed fruit, is influenced
The quality of fruit, while excessive hormone residues also will affect the quality and safety of tomato.
Tomato harvesting after, since plant residue is often with pest and disease damage, plant residue is mostly cleared out of into facility, then with
Meaning is abandoned or is burned, and this processing method not only causes environmental pollution, also be easy to cause the propagation again of pest and disease damage.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of tomato green cultural method and plant residue reuse methods, solve tomato planting mistake
It is easy to cause deformed fruit in such a way that chemical pesticide kills pest and improves fruit-setting rate using hormone in journey, influences tomato
The problem of quality and safety, the plant residue after also solving tomato harvesting is because arbitrarily abandoning or burning not with pest and disease damage
Environmental pollution is only caused, the problem of pest and disease damage is propagated again is also caused.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of tomato green cultural methods, are specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1, it cultivates without disease pest strong sprout
Step 1.1, it chooses seeds: selecting greenhouse tomato disease-resistant, that anti-adversity is strong, wide adaptability, commodity are good, yield is high special
Use kind；
Step 1.2, seed treatment: tomato seeds are exposed to the sun to water content≤4%, dry heat treatment machine is then placed it in
In, 3d is handled at 75 DEG C, natural cooling after being disposed, then the Ha Ci for being 3000 times by seed extension rate after cooling
Trichoderma bacteria agent impregnates 6~8h, and immersion finishes the seed handled well；
Step 1.3, it sows: being packed into vegetables dedicated seedling mediums in the matrix hole tray disinfected, then will handle well
Seed is seeded into matrix hole tray, then the matrix hole tray sowed is placed in the seedling growth greenhouse disinfected and is cultivated, after emerging 1 week
With Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time that extension rate is 1500 times；
Step 2, it is colonized
Step 2.1, it sterilizes: carrying out disinfection respectively to planting canopy and soil；
Step 2.2, it applies fertilizer: applying decomposed 5~7kg of barnyard manure per acre into the soil after sanitized in conjunction with site preparation；
Wherein, the decomposed barnyard manure by Chicken dung, decomposed stalk and boron fertilizer according to the quality of 5:3:2 than mixed preparing and
At；
Step 2.3, it is colonized: using north and south row, wide row space 80cm, small line-spacing 60cm, 30~35cm of spacing in the rows are beaten by spacing in the rows
Hole is watered with bottom water in hole, seedling is planted after water has seeped, then earthing, thickness of earth-fill cover be no more than cotyledon, per acre be colonized 2000~
2500 plants；Field planting is Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time of 3000 times with extension rate, later at quarterly intervals with dilute after a week
Release Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time that multiple is 3000 times；
Step 3, field management
Step 3.1, built is pruned: inserted when tomato growth is to 30~40cm staking tie up it is climing；In the first Honoka of tomato
When open to side shoot pinching, cut short or turn round branch；Remove whole side shoots when tomato the first fringe fruit is expanded to 2~3cm of diameter；
Step 3.2, flower and fruit protecting: being pollinated using bumblebee, configures 1 beehive per acre, wherein unsoundness produces in each beehive
Egg parasite king 1, worker bee 60~80, when strain rate of blooming reaches 5% or more, selection 1h before sunset is put into bee in planting canopy
Case, releasing pollination bee colony pollinates after standing 30min；
Step 3.3, water and fertilizer management: field planting backsight weather condition pour seedling recovering water imposes height in conjunction with pour seedling recovering water top dressing per acre
Nitrogen type 4~6kg of drip irrigation special fertilizer, interval 7d trickle irrigation are primary；The amino acid chela that the foliage-spray mass concentration that comes into bloom is 0.3%
Calcium solution is closed, it is primary every 15d sprinkling, it sprays 2~3 times；
Tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer is applied in conjunction with the punching of fruit promoting water is poured, uses 2.5~3kg of stoste every time per acre；The best fruiting period, 5~7d are poured
One water chases after disposable fertilizer every a water, imposes punching every time and applies 2.5~3kg of tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer；
Wherein, the tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer is composed of the following parts by weight: 10~20 parts of chitin oligosaccharide, natural pond
5~10 parts of gas slag, 5~10 parts of amino acid, 5~10 parts of humic acid, 1~5 part of seaweeds, 1~3 part of EDTA- metallo-chelate；
Step 3.4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: for surrounding plantation reed wormwood artemisia for trapping aphid, planting density is spacing in the rows in planting canopy
10cm, and be 30cm apart from tomato plant spacing in the rows；Surrounding also plants celery for expelling Bemisia tabaci in planting canopy, and planting density is
Spacing in the rows 10cm, and be 20cm apart from tomato plant spacing in the rows；
The outer surrounding plantation piemarker of planting canopy prevents Bemisia tabaci from moving into, and planting density is spacing in the rows 1.0m, and away from planting canopy edge
0.5m；
Step 4, it harvests
It after fruit maturation, harvests in batches in time, to mitigate plant burden, promotes later period Fruit.
Preferably, the insect prevention grenadine of 40 mesh is equipped at the seedling growth greenhouse and the ventilation opening of the planting canopy.
Preferably, the sterilization method of the seedling growth greenhouse is to use mass concentration for the smoked canopy 5h of 45% chlorothalonil smoke, hundred
The amount of application of bacterium smoke clearing agent is 50g/ mus.
Preferably, after step 1.3 emergence, in seedling raising process, sick seedling, weak seedling, seedling, variant and overstocked are removed in time
Seedling is divided into seedlings when seedling grows 2~3 true leaves with 10cm × 10cm nutritive cube；As 15~20cm of height of seedling, internode is short, pier
Reality, the thick 0.6cm or more of stem foot, when having 7~8 leaves and dark green leaf color, buddingging to get to strong sprout.
Preferably, the sterilization method of the matrix hole tray is to use mass concentration for the immersion pair of 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate
Matrix hole tray.
Preferably, the planting canopy sterilization method is as follows: being arranged at the ventilation opening and entrance of planting canopy before field planting anti-
Worm net, is then shut off canopy room, and mass concentration is used to smoke canopy for 45% chlorothalonil smoke, and the amount of application of chlorothalonil smoke is 50g/
Mu smokes canopy 12h rear venting and takes a breath 2 weeks, i.e. the disinfection of completion planting canopy.
Preferably, the soil disinfection method is as follows: field planting is laid with drip irrigation pipe in first 1 week in planting canopy, and has covered mulch,
Then the athomin aqueous emulsion that mass concentration is 20% is instilled into soil cultivation by drip irrigation pipe according to 4~6L/ mus of amount of application
Layer, closed 3~5 days stifling, i.e. completion soil disinfection.
Preferably, the EDTA- metallo-chelate be EDTA-Fe, EDTA-Ca, EDTA-Mg, one of EDTA-Zn or
It is a variety of.
It is a further object to provide a kind of tomato plant residuum reuse methods, specifically includes the following steps:
After harvesting, tomato plant is uprooped, it is evenly laid out in facility, after the sun is exposed to the sun 7~10d, kind
The exsiccation of eggplant plant residue is withered, and withered tomato plant residuum is smashed, spreads fertilizer over the fields 70kg/ mus in the tomato plant residuum toward after smashing
Modification nitrolim, then plant residue is ploughed into deep soil layer, is made into high 30cm, width 80cm furrow block, it is thin with transparent plastic
Film seals upper soll layer, then fills the water toward between furrow, then facility ventilation opening is completely enclosed, and can apply fertilizer after placing 20~30d,
Site preparation does furrow, stubble tomato after plantation.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Any chemical pesticide is not sprayed using green cultural method of the invention in the course of cultivation, the tomato plant cultivated
Vines are sturdy, and leaf color is dark green, degeneration-resistant, disease resistance is strong, and obtained Tomato Fruit Color is uniform, and nutritive value is high, highly-safe, produce
Rate is also high, and is recycled by plant residue, has not only reduced the pollution to environment, but also supplement the nutrient of soil, under being conducive to
The plantation of one batch of tomato.
Specific embodiment
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand, technical solution of the present invention is practiced, below with reference to specific
The invention will be further described for embodiment, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention.
The test method of actual conditions is not specified in following embodiments, according to conventional methods in the art with condition into
Row, if material used is commercially available without specified otherwise, wherein the Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent is bought from the green Gansu Province biology skill in Shandong
Art Co., Ltd, the chlorothalonil smoke are bought from Condar Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan Australia, the dedicated nursery base of vegetables
Matter purchase is bought from Lianyun Harbour perseverance Ao Da fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd., the high nitrogen type drip irrigation special fertilizer from Beijing Heng Yuan Jiada section
Skill Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1
A kind of tomato green cultural method, is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1, it cultivates without disease pest strong sprout
Step 1.1, it chooses seeds: selecting greenhouse tomato disease-resistant, that anti-adversity is strong, wide adaptability, commodity are good, yield is high special
Use kind；
Step 1.2, seed treatment: it is 2% that tomato seeds, which are exposed to the sun to water content, then places it in dry heat treatment machine
In, 3d is handled at 75 DEG C, natural cooling after being disposed, then the Ha Ci for being 3000 times by seed extension rate after cooling
Trichoderma bacteria agent impregnates 6h, and immersion finishes the seed handled well；
Step 1.3, it sows: being packed into vegetables dedicated seedling mediums in the matrix hole tray disinfected, then will handle well
Seed is seeded into matrix hole tray, then the matrix hole tray sowed is placed in the seedling growth greenhouse disinfected and is cultivated, after emerging 1 week
With Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time that extension rate is 1500 times；
In seedling raising process, sick seedling, weak seedling, seedling, variant are removed in time and crosses close stand, when seedling grows 2 true leaves
When, it is divided into seedlings with 10cm × 10cm nutritive cube；As height of seedling 20cm, internode is short, pier is real, the thick 0.6cm or more of stem foot, has 7 leaves
And dark green leaf color, when buddingging to get to strong sprout；
Step 2, it is colonized
Step 2.1, planting canopy sterilizes: fly net is arranged before field planting at the ventilation opening and entrance of planting canopy, then closes
Canopy room is closed, mass concentration is used to smoke canopy for 45% chlorothalonil smoke, the amount of application of chlorothalonil smoke is 50g/ mus, smokes canopy 12h
Rear venting is taken a breath 2 weeks, i.e. the disinfection of completion planting canopy；
Step 2.2, soil disinfection: field planting is laid with drip irrigation pipe in first 1 week in planting canopy, and has covered mulch, then by quality
The athomin aqueous emulsion that concentration is 20% instills plough horizon by drip irrigation pipe according to 5L/ mus of amount of application, closed to fumigate 3
It, i.e. completion soil disinfection；
Step 2.3, it applies fertilizer: applying decomposed barnyard manure 5kg per acre into the soil after sanitized in conjunction with site preparation；
Wherein, decomposed barnyard manure is formed according to the quality of 5:3:2 than mixed preparing by Chicken dung, decomposed stalk and boron fertilizer；
Step 2.4, it is colonized: using north and south row, wide row space 80cm, small line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 30cm are punched, In by spacing in the rows
It is watered with bottom water in hole, seedling is planted after water has seeped, then earthing, thickness of earth-fill cover is no more than cotyledon, is colonized 2500 plants per acre；Field planting one
Zhou Hou, with Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time that extension rate is 3000 times, using extension rate at quarterly intervals later is 3000
Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time again；
Step 3, field management
Step 3.1, built is pruned: inserted when tomato growth is to 30cm staking tie up it is climing；It is open in the first Honoka of tomato
When to side shoot pinching, cut short or turn round branch；Remove whole side shoots when tomato the first fringe fruit is expanded to diameter 3cm；
Step 3.2, flower and fruit protecting: being pollinated using bumblebee, configures 1 beehive per acre, wherein each beehive has oviposition queen bee
1, worker bee 60, when strain rate of blooming reaches 5% or more, selection 1h before sunset is put into beehive in planting canopy, stands
Pollination bee colony is released after 30min to pollinate；
Step 3.2, water and fertilizer management: field planting backsight weather condition pour seedling recovering water imposes height in conjunction with pour seedling recovering water top dressing per acre
Nitrogen type drip irrigation special fertilizer 4kg, interval 7d trickle irrigation are primary；The chelating amino acids that the foliage-spray mass concentration that comes into bloom is 0.3%
Calcium solution, it is primary every 15d sprinkling, it sprays 2 times；
Tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer is applied in conjunction with the punching of fruit promoting water is poured, uses stoste 2.5kg every time per acre；The best fruiting period, 5d pour a water, every
One water chases after disposable fertilizer, imposes punching every time and applies tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer 2.5kg；
Wherein, tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer is composed of the following parts by weight: 10 parts of chitin oligosaccharide, 5 parts of methane slag,
0 part of amino acid 1,10 parts of humic acid, 1 part, EDTA-Ca1 parts of seaweeds；
Step 3.4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: for surrounding plantation reed wormwood artemisia for trapping aphid, planting density is spacing in the rows in planting canopy
10cm, and be 30cm apart from tomato plant spacing in the rows；Surrounding also plants celery for expelling Bemisia tabaci in planting canopy, and planting density is
Spacing in the rows 10cm, and be 20cm apart from tomato plant spacing in the rows；
The outer surrounding plantation piemarker of planting canopy prevents Bemisia tabaci from moving into, and planting density is spacing in the rows 1.0m, and away from planting canopy edge
0.5m；
Step 4, it harvests
It after fruit maturation, harvests in batches in time, mitigates plant burden, promote later period Fruit.
Step 5, tomato plant residuum recycles:
After harvesting, tomato plant is uprooped, evenly laid out in facility, after the sun is exposed to the sun 7d, tomato is planted
Strain residuum dries out withered, withered tomato plant residuum is smashed, and 70kg/ mus are spread fertilizer over the fields in the tomato plant residuum toward after smashing and is changed
Property nitrolim, then plant residue is ploughed into deep soil layer, is made into high 30cm, width 80cm furrow block, with transparent plastic film will
Upper soll layer sealing, then fills the water toward between furrow, then facility ventilation opening is completely enclosed, and can apply fertilizer after placing 20d, site preparation is done
Furrow, stubble tomato after plantation.
Embodiment 2
A kind of tomato green cultural method, is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1, it cultivates without disease pest strong sprout
Step 1.1, it chooses seeds: selecting greenhouse tomato disease-resistant, that anti-adversity is strong, wide adaptability, commodity are good, yield is high special
Use kind；
Step 1.2, seed treatment: it is 4% that tomato seeds, which are exposed to the sun to water content, then places it in dry heat treatment machine
In, 3d is handled at 75 DEG C, natural cooling after being disposed, then the Ha Ci for being 3000 times by seed extension rate after cooling
Trichoderma bacteria agent impregnates 7h, and immersion finishes the seed handled well；
Step 1.3, it sows: being packed into vegetables dedicated seedling mediums in the matrix hole tray disinfected, then will handle well
Seed is seeded into matrix hole tray, then the matrix hole tray sowed is placed in the seedling growth greenhouse disinfected and is cultivated, after emerging 1 week
With Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time that extension rate is 1500 times；
In seedling raising process, sick seedling, weak seedling, seedling, variant are removed in time and crosses close stand, when seedling grows 3 true leaves
When, it is divided into seedlings with 10cm × 10cm nutritive cube；As height of seedling 15cm, internode is short, pier is real, the thick 0.6cm or more of stem foot, has 8 leaves
And dark green leaf color, when buddingging to get to the strong sprout；
Step 2, it is colonized
Step 2.1, planting canopy sterilizes: fly net is arranged before field planting at the ventilation opening and entrance of planting canopy, then closes
Canopy room is closed, mass concentration is used to smoke canopy for 45% chlorothalonil smoke, the amount of application of chlorothalonil smoke is 50g/ mus, smokes canopy 12h
Rear venting is taken a breath 2 weeks, i.e. the disinfection of completion planting canopy；
Step 2.2, soil disinfection: field planting is laid with drip irrigation pipe in first 1 week in planting canopy, and has covered mulch, then by quality
The athomin aqueous emulsion that concentration is 20% instills plough horizon by drip irrigation pipe according to 6L/ mus of amount of application, closed to fumigate 5
It, i.e. completion soil disinfection；
Step 2.3, it applies fertilizer: applying decomposed barnyard manure 7kg per acre into the soil after sanitized in conjunction with site preparation；
Wherein, decomposed barnyard manure is formed according to the quality of 5:3:2 than mixed preparing by Chicken dung, decomposed stalk and boron fertilizer；
Step 2.4, it is colonized: using north and south row, wide row space 80cm, small line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 35cm are punched, In by spacing in the rows
It is watered with bottom water in hole, seedling is planted after water has seeped, then earthing, thickness of earth-fill cover is no more than cotyledon, is colonized 2000 plants per acre；Field planting one
Zhou Hou, with Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time that extension rate is 3000 times, using extension rate at quarterly intervals later is 3000
Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time again；
Step 3, field management
Step 3.1, built is pruned: inserted when tomato growth is to 35cm staking tie up it is climing；It is open in the first Honoka of tomato
When to side shoot pinching, cut short or turn round branch；Remove whole side shoots when tomato the first fringe fruit is expanded to diameter 2cm；
Step 3.2, flower and fruit protecting: being pollinated using bumblebee, configures 1 beehive per acre, wherein each beehive has oviposition queen bee
1, worker bee 70, when strain rate of blooming reaches 5% or more, selection 1h before sunset is put into beehive in planting canopy, stands
Pollination bee colony is released after 30min to pollinate；
Step 3.3, water and fertilizer management: field planting backsight weather condition pour seedling recovering water imposes height in conjunction with pour seedling recovering water top dressing per acre
Nitrogen type drip irrigation special fertilizer 6kg, interval 7d trickle irrigation are primary；The chelating amino acids that the foliage-spray mass concentration that comes into bloom is 0.3%
Calcium solution, it is primary every 15d sprinkling, it sprays 3 times；
Tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer is applied in conjunction with the punching of fruit promoting water is poured, uses stoste 3kg every time per acre；In the best fruiting period, 7d pours a water, every one
Water chases after disposable fertilizer, imposes punching every time and applies tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer 3kg；
Wherein, tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer is composed of the following parts by weight: 20 parts of chitin oligosaccharide, methane slag 10
Part, 5 parts of amino acid, 5 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of seaweeds, 3 parts of EDTA-Mg；
Step 3.4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: for surrounding plantation reed wormwood artemisia for trapping aphid, planting density is spacing in the rows in planting canopy
10cm, and be 30cm apart from tomato plant spacing in the rows；Surrounding also plants celery for expelling Bemisia tabaci in planting canopy, and planting density is
Spacing in the rows 10cm, and be 20cm apart from tomato plant spacing in the rows；
The outer surrounding plantation piemarker of planting canopy prevents Bemisia tabaci from moving into, and planting density is spacing in the rows 1.0m, and away from planting canopy edge
0.5m；
Step 4, it harvests
It after fruit maturation, harvests in batches in time, mitigates plant burden, promote later period Fruit.
Step 5, tomato plant residuum recycles:
After harvesting, tomato plant is uprooped, evenly laid out in facility, after the sun is exposed to the sun 10d, tomato is planted
Strain residuum dries out withered, withered tomato plant residuum is smashed, and 70kg/ mus are spread fertilizer over the fields in the tomato plant residuum toward after smashing and is changed
Property nitrolim, then plant residue is ploughed into deep soil layer, is made into high 30cm, width 80cm furrow block, with transparent plastic film will
Upper soll layer sealing, then fills the water toward between furrow, then facility ventilation opening is completely enclosed, and can apply fertilizer after placing 30d, site preparation is done
Furrow, stubble tomato after plantation.
It should be noted that being equipped with the insect prevention grenadine of 40 mesh at seedling growth greenhouse and the ventilation opening of the planting canopy.
Explanation is needed further exist for, the sterilization method of seedling growth greenhouse is to use mass concentration smoked for 45% chlorothalonil smoke
Canopy 5h, the amount of application of chlorothalonil smoke are 50g/ mus；The sterilization method of matrix hole tray is to use mass concentration for 0.1% permanganic acid
Potassium solution is impregnated to matrix hole tray.
Examples 1 to 2 has cultivated the tomato that commodity is good, yield is high, during Examples 1 to 2 tomato cultivation
Anti-adversity, tomato plant residuum performance is tested after the yield of the tomato cultivated, quality and processing, and using normal
The tomato products that rule method cultivates the results are shown in Table 1~4 as control sample, specific experiment.
1 tomato yield of table
| Project | Single plant, which is beared fruit, counts (a) | Single plant yield (kg) | Yield per unit area (kg/ mus) |
| Embodiment 1 | 19 | 3.82 | 7828 |
| Embodiment 2 | 18 | 3.93 | 7860 |
| Control sample | 15 | 3.26 | 6527 |
As it can be seen from table 1 after using the tomato green cultural method of Examples 1 to 2, tomato single plant is beared fruit number, single plant
Yield and yield per unit area for control sample both with respect to being improved to some extent, wherein single plant is beared fruit, and number is average to be increased
Add 2~4, single plant yield averagely increases by 17%~21%, and yield per unit area averagely increases by 20% or so, and effect of increasing production is aobvious
It writes.
2 Tomato Quality of table
| Project | Lycopene (mg/kg) | Total acid (%) | Vc(mg/100g) | Soluble solid (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 10.6 | 0.48 | 48.5 | 8.3 |
| Embodiment 2 | 10.9 | 0.49 | 46.8 | 8.7 |
| Control sample | 8.7 | 0.53 | 32.4 | 4.9 |
From table 2 it can be seen that tomato in the tamato fruit planted out using the tomato green cultural method of Examples 1 to 2
Red pigment, soluble solid, Vc etc. have different degrees of increase than control sample, wherein the increase of soluble solid is the brightest
It is aobvious, average more than 77%, Vc increase average more than 50%, the increase of lycopene is average more than 25% or more, and organic acid
Content is reduced, and reduces 9% or so.This may be that the tomato green cultural method of Examples 1 to 2 has cultivated strong sprout, subtract
Lack influence of the pest and disease damage to tomato plant, also had adjusted the nutritional status of tomato rhizosphere, promotes tomato plant to nutrition member
The absorption of element, so as to improve fruit quality.
3 adverse-resistance of tomato energy of table
From table 3 it can be seen that coming after using the tomato green cultivation method of Examples 1 to 2 relative to control sample
It says, diseased fruit rate, dead plant rate, gray mold disease incidence and the leaf mold disease incidence of tomato significantly reduce, and completely not by yellow
The influence of leaf curl viral disease, wherein diseased fruit rate averagely reduces 93.5%, and diseased fruit rate average out to 0, leaf mold disease incidence averagely drops
Low 89.2%, gray mold disease incidence averagely reduces by 93.8%.This illustrates tomato green cultural method of the invention to pathogenic
The growth of bacterium has stronger direct repression, and inducible plant generates the resistance protein for resisting pathogen substance and the Portugal Yu Chuan is poly-
Sugar, thus infecting from pathogen.
Tomato plant residuum performance after the processing of table 4
From table 4, it can be seen that after using the tomato plant residuum reuse method of Examples 1 to 2, it is residual for handling plant
The physicochemical property of the soil of body is greatly improved, wherein soil organic matter content averagely increases 63.8%, and soil is complete
Nitrogen content averagely increases 84.6%, and Soil available nitrogen content averagely increases 92.5%, and Soil Available potassium content averagely increases
53.2%, soil available phosphorus content averagely increases 88.1%.This illustrates tomato plant residuum reuse method of the invention
It can make full use of stubble, be translated into soil nutrient, to be conducive to the plantation of rear stubble tomato.
It should be noted that involved in claims of the present invention when numberical range, it is thus understood that each numberical range
Any one numerical value can be selected between two endpoints and two endpoints, due to step method and the Examples 1 to 2 phase of use
Together, it repeats in order to prevent, description of the invention preferred embodiment, once a person skilled in the art knows basic
Creative concept, then additional changes and modifications may be made to these embodiments.It is wrapped so the following claims are intended to be interpreted as
It includes preferred embodiment and falls into all change and modification of the scope of the invention.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
Mind and range.In this way, if these modifications and changes of the present invention belongs to the range of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies
Within, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of tomato green cultural method, which is characterized in that be specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1, it cultivates without disease pest strong sprout
Step 1.1, it chooses seeds: selecting greenhouse tomato special product disease-resistant, that anti-adversity is strong, wide adaptability, commodity are good, yield is high
Kind；
Step 1.2, seed treatment: tomato seeds are exposed to the sun to water content≤4%, are then placed it in dry heat treatment machine, In
3d is handled at 75 DEG C, natural cooling after being disposed, then the Trichoderma harzianum for being 3000 times by seed extension rate after cooling
Bacteria agent impregnates 6~8h, and immersion finishes the seed handled well；
Step 1.3, it sows: being packed into the dedicated seedling medium of vegetables, the seed that then will be handled well in the matrix hole tray disinfected
It is seeded into matrix hole tray, then the matrix hole tray sowed is placed in the seedling growth greenhouse disinfected and is cultivated, with dilute after emerging 1 week
Release Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time that multiple is 1500 times；
Step 2, it is colonized
Step 2.1, it sterilizes: carrying out disinfection respectively to planting canopy and soil；
The soil disinfection method is as follows: field planting is laid with drip irrigation pipe in first 1 week in planting canopy, and has covered mulch, then by quality
The athomin aqueous emulsion that concentration is 20% instills plough horizon by drip irrigation pipe according to 4~6L/ mus of amount of application, closed stifling
3~5 days, i.e. completion soil disinfection；
Step 2.2, it applies fertilizer: applying decomposed 5~7kg of barnyard manure per acre into the soil after sanitized in conjunction with site preparation；
Wherein, the decomposed barnyard manure is formed according to the quality of 5:3:2 than mixed preparing by Chicken dung, decomposed stalk and boron fertilizer；
Step 2.3, it is colonized: using north and south row, wide row space 80cm, small line-spacing 60cm, 30~35cm of spacing in the rows are punched, In by spacing in the rows
It is watered with bottom water in hole, seedling is planted after water has seeped, then earthing, thickness of earth-fill cover is no more than cotyledon, is colonized 2000~2500 plants per acre；
Field planting after a week, with Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time that extension rate is 3000 times, uses extension rate at quarterly intervals later
For Trichoderma harzianum bacteria agent pouring root 1 time of 3000 times；
Step 3, field management
Step 3.1, built is pruned: inserted when tomato growth is to 30~40cm staking tie up it is climing；It is open in the first Honoka of tomato
When to side shoot pinching, cut short or turn round branch；Remove whole side shoots when tomato the first fringe fruit is expanded to 2~3cm of diameter；
Step 3.2, flower and fruit protecting: being pollinated using bumblebee, configures 1 beehive per acre, wherein unsoundness oviposition bee in each beehive
King 1, worker bee 60~80, when strain rate of blooming reaches 5% or more, selection 1h before sunset is put into beehive in planting canopy,
Releasing pollination bee colony pollinates after standing 30min；
Step 3.3, water and fertilizer management: field planting backsight weather condition pour seedling recovering water imposes high nitrogen type in conjunction with pour seedling recovering water top dressing per acre
4~6kg of drip irrigation special fertilizer, interval 7d trickle irrigation are primary；The amino acid chelated calcium that the foliage-spray mass concentration that comes into bloom is 0.3%
Solution, it is primary every 15d sprinkling, it sprays 2~3 times；
Tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer is applied in conjunction with the punching of fruit promoting water is poured, uses 2.5~3kg of stoste every time per acre；The best fruiting period, 5~7d pour a water,
Disposable fertilizer is chased after every a water, punching is imposed every time and applies 2.5~3kg of tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer；
Wherein, the tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer is composed of the following parts by weight: 10~20 parts of chitin oligosaccharide, methane slag
5~10 parts, 5~10 parts of amino acid, 5~10 parts of humic acid, 1~5 part of seaweeds, 1~3 part of EDTA- metallo-chelate；
Step 3.4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: surrounding plantation reed wormwood artemisia is spacing in the rows 10cm for trapping aphid, planting density in planting canopy,
And apart from tomato plant spacing in the rows be 30cm；Surrounding also plants celery for expelling Bemisia tabaci in planting canopy, and planting density is spacing in the rows
10cm, and be 20cm apart from tomato plant spacing in the rows；
The outer surrounding plantation piemarker of planting canopy prevents Bemisia tabaci from moving into, and planting density is spacing in the rows 1.0m, and away from planting canopy along 0.5m；
Step 4, it harvests
It after fruit maturation, harvests in batches in time, to mitigate plant burden, promotes later period Fruit.
2. tomato green cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seedling growth greenhouse and the planting canopy
The insect prevention grenadine of 40 mesh is equipped at ventilation opening.
3. tomato green cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sterilization method of the seedling growth greenhouse is to adopt
Canopy 5h is smoked with the chlorothalonil smoke that mass concentration is 45%, the amount of application of chlorothalonil smoke is 50g/ mus.
4. tomato green cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that after step 1.3 emergence, in seedling raising process
In, sick seedling, weak seedling, seedling, variant are removed in time and crosses close stand, when seedling grows 2~3 true leaves, with 10cm × 10cm
Nutritive cube is divided into seedlings；As 15~20cm of height of seedling, internode is short, pier is real, the thick 0.6cm or more of stem foot, has 7~8 leaves and leaf color depth
It is green, when buddingging to get to strong sprout.
5. tomato green cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sterilization method of the matrix hole tray is
Mass concentration is used to impregnate for 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate to matrix hole tray.
6. tomato green cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the planting canopy sterilization method is as follows:
Fly net is set at the ventilation opening and entrance of planting canopy before field planting, is then shut off canopy room, uses mass concentration for 45%
Chlorothalonil smoke smokes canopy, and the amount of application of chlorothalonil smoke is 50g/ mus, smokes canopy 12h rear venting and takes a breath 2 weeks, i.e. completion planting canopy disappears
Poison.
7. tomato green cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the EDTA- metallo-chelate is
One of EDTA-Fe, EDTA-Ca, EDTA-Mg, EDTA-Zn or a variety of.
8. a kind of tomato plant residuum reuse method that the tomato green cultural method using claim 1 plants out,
It is characterized in that, comprising the following steps:
After harvesting, tomato plant is uprooped, evenly laid out in facility, the sun is exposed to the sun 7~10d, makes tomato plant
Residuum exsiccation is withered, and withered tomato plant residuum is smashed, 70kg/ mus of modification is spread fertilizer over the fields in the tomato plant residuum toward after smashing
Then nitrolim is ploughed plant residue into deep soil layer, high 30cm, width 80cm furrow block are made into, will be native with transparent plastic film
The sealing of earth surface layer, then fills the water toward between furrow, then facility ventilation opening is completely enclosed, and can apply fertilizer after placing 20~30d, site preparation,
Furrow are done, stubble tomato after plantation.
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| CN108207529A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-06-29 | 石明轩 | A kind of implantation methods of green high yield potato |
| CN109665917A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-23 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Suitable for the liquid suspension set meal fertilizer of solanaceous vegetables and its preparation and method of administration |
| CN110720362A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-01-24 | 澧县绿之源生态农业科技发展有限公司 | Pollution-free planting method for tomatoes in winter |
| CN111357583B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2022-03-25 | 红河哈尼族彝族自治州农业科学院 | Cultivation method for twisting branches and changing main parts of tomatoes |
| CN111480528A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-04 | 江苏德得健康产业有限公司 | High-efficiency high-yield planting method for selenium-rich small tomatoes |
| CN111699932A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-09-25 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Green ecological planting method for cherry tomatoes |
| CN113179876B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-08-23 | 宁夏中青农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for planting four-crop tomatoes by using matrix cultivation pillow |
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| JP6757923B2 (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2020-09-23 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | Cultivation equipment and cultivation method for low potassium-containing plants using treated sewage |
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