CN101438660A

CN101438660A - Method for cultivating organic vegetable

Info

Publication number: CN101438660A
Application number: CNA2008101600106A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张衍栋
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-11-07
Filing date: 2008-11-07
Publication date: 2009-05-27

Abstract

The invention discloses n cultivation method of an organic vegetable. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a suitable cultivation place, and preferably selecting a suitable crop and a suitable variety; rationally arranging soil for planting seeds; rationally applying an organic fertilizer and taking effective pest control measures. By selecting the suitable cultivation place and the suitable vegetable variety, scientifically arranging the soil for planting, rationally applying the organic fertilizer and taking the harmless pest control technique, the method can reduce resource waste, protect the environment, and provide real pollution-free heath food for human.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of organic vegetable

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of vegetables, especially the cultivation method of organic vegetable.

Background technology

Along with the application of science and technology, on vegetables produce, use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals in a large number, to improving yield of vegetables, guarantee that vegetable foison has played important function, simultaneously, also caused a large amount of consumption of resource and energy, cause important pollution to environment; Human health has been brought harm.Inquiring into the research vegetable-cultivating organic is the important measures that address the above problem.At present, organic vegetable is in the starting stage, and production technology is also lack of standardization, and the vegetables of production are difficult to reach the standard of organic farming.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem that the present invention solves provides a kind of relatively production method of the organic vegetable of standard.

For addressing the above problem, the inventive method step is as follows:

1, selects the suitable cultivation place.

The development organic vegetable should be selected away from city and industrial and mining area, no atmosphere, water source and soil pollution, and fertile soil, quality sand is glutinous moderate, and the production base is set up in irrigation and drainage convenience, traffic convenience, sufficient place, organic manure source.

2, select suitable crop and kind.Lighter crop should take place from damage by disease and insect, as spinach, carrot, radish, taro, burdock, green soy bean etc. in the development organic vegetable.Also to select high-quality, disease-resistant, kind that growth potential is strong simultaneously for use.

3, seed is arranged crops for rotation

Should be according to crop characteristics and damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule, crop is arranged in damage by disease and insect harm lighter season main vegetative period, reach and hide the purpose that the disease worm is caused harm.

4, reasonable application of organic fertilizers material

The plantation organic vegetable is strict with and is used the various free of contamination organic manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed.As people, animal ight soil, plant stem-leaf, leguminous green manure, ash, soya-bean cake etc.Adopt fermentation maturity, can be used as base manure or topdress.

5, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Adopt pest natural enemy, BT bacillus, colour table and black light lamp to lure innoxious pest control technology such as worm, silver grey film expelling parasite and fly net isolation, insect population can manually be caught after a little while.Diseases and pests controlling will be taked to enhance field management, and promotes the plant growing stalwartness, enhances disease resistance, and adopts drip irrigation to reduce air humidity, intertill and clean tillage is strengthened in high bedding cultivation, draining in time and have a shower with well water behind the summer rain, suitably reduce planting density, strengthen the ventilation and penetrating light performance, note crop rotation

Good effect of the present invention is: by cultivation place and the suitable vegetable variety of selecting to suit; scientific arrangement plantation crops for rotation; reasonable application of organic fertilizers; adopt pest natural enemy, BT bacillus, colour table and black light lamp to lure innoxious Prevention Technique such as worm, silver grey film expelling parasite and fly net isolation, when reducing the wasting of resources, protection environment, provide really pollution-free, pure natural, high-grade, high-quality healthy food for people.The organic vegetable price is higher more than 30-40% than common vegetable price, has good economic benefit and social benefit.

Embodiment

Further specify technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.

1, the optimization of organic seed screening

Seed is the source of carrying out organic production, plays the important and pivotal role in organic production.Therefore, at first to pick up, follow the organic grow criterion, the required seed of organic production be carried out optimized screening from seed.

2, science is used organic manure

The organic manure classification: organic manure is one of major measure of fertilizing soil, by its source and character, roughly is divided into: vegetable manure, animal fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer three major types type.

Fertilizing amount: organic vegetable is different with other crops, wants multicroping in 1 year.With regard to its fertilizing amount, should be that the input amount of fertilizer and the output of vegetables are advisable than 1:1.

The fertilising proportioning: be the prevention serious mineralising of soil nutrient and hardening, except that being used bio-bacterial manure, vegetable manure and animal fertilizer are advisable than 1:1.Can effectively activate soil activation.

Efficent rotation:, by the interracial efficent rotation of different vegetable, can effectively utilize soil nutrient, and can keep the corresponding balance of soil nutrient because different types of vegetables are variant to various nutrient absorbing amounts in the soil.

The soil leisure: multicroping vegetables year after year can cause soil activation to descend and physical behavior worsens.Should be planned arranging the soil leisure 3-4 month in two years.

Green manure green manuring: utilize the free time of changing crops on the basis of efficent rotation, green manuring green manuring is increased soil fertility.

3, organic vegetable crop rotation technology

The crop rotation characteristics:

By efficent rotation, both can use different types of vegetables to absorb soil nutrient by its nutrient uptake feature, the corresponding balance of soil nutrient can be kept again, and damage by disease and insect can be alleviated, effectively improve quality of vegetable and output, the availability in raising soil by a relatively large margin.

The wheel operation mode:

A. overwinter spinach-French bean-autumn vegetable-winter slack

B. spring vegetable-summer green soy bean-overwinter spinach

C. spring garden pea-summer carrot-overwinter spinach

D. spring Lathyrus odoratus-mung bean green manuring-autumn vegetable-winter slack

4, organic vegetable pest control technology

(1) cultural control method

Cultural control is exactly in conjunction with links such as tillage and cultivation management, creates the insect survival environment condition that is unfavorable for, eliminates or reduce to help insect survival environment condition, reaches the purpose that pest control is caused harm.

Select pest-resistant cultivar for use, for usually different with the extent of injury of a kind of insect, this is because the kind intersexuality can be made, makes it not be subjected to causing harm of this insect or causes harm lighter.

Efficent rotation, the insect that reasonably crop rotation is single-minded for feeding habits or feeding habits are more simple.(as monophagy and some oligophagy insects) can make its foodstuff worsen or lack, and are unfavorable for that insect pest takes place.

Grasp the pests occurrence rule of insect, suitably adjust sowing time, enhance field management, gather in the crops in good time, the worm of staggering sends out the Sheng phase.

Carry out intertill and clean tillage, particularly in time clear garden, vegetables results back cleans out the garden together with insect on the weeds stubble and worm's ovum, alleviates insect and causes harm in good time.

Deep ploughing and intensive cultivation leveling soil, the deep ploughing soil can bury the part insect to dark soil layer, and it can not be unearthed.Also the part insect is turned over to ground simultaneously, through being exposed to the sun, freezing, drying or natural enemy invasion and attack, increase the lethality of soil insect.

(2) physico mechanical control method

The physico mechanical control method is to utilize the effect of physics, machinery or adopt artificial, utensil, machinery, lure pest control such as collection.

Utilize the phototaxis of insect, the black light lamp trapping is set.Utilize the look that becomes of insect, sticking aphid of yellow haftplatte and Liriomyza are set.Utilize the good feeding habits of insect, wild common vetch dish trapping cutworm is stacked in the field.The manual catching and killing according to perching and lay eggs rule manner and habit that some are special of insect, utilizes people's Work tool to catch and kill.Manually pick up soil insect extremely with plough during the arable land, kill mouse plate or electronic cat are catched and killed mouse, intercept protection or deinsectization, cause harm for pre-pest control, can adopt safeguard measures such as some obstructions, isolation to come pre-pest control to cause harm.Laying eggs or cause harm as prevention insects such as, bagging, covering, linked network, gluing, white, paints.

(3) measure of biotic control

Biological control is exactly a method of utilizing effective biology to eliminate destructive insects.The basic characteristics of biological control are exactly " controlling worm with worm ", " controlling worm with bacterium ".

The utilization of predator main utilizes the predation insect, also comprises some predation birds, reduces or Pest Control causes harm by preying on.

The utilization of parasite, parasitic wasp and parasitic fly all are the main parasitic natural enemies of insect.The multiparasitism of parasitic wasp larva is in larva, ovum or the pupa of insect.

Control worm with bacterium, utilize bacillus thuringiensis,Bt control lepidoptera pest.Utilize bacillus thuringensis, bacillus thruingensis to make germ insecticide, energy effectively preventing corn borer, pink bollworm, cabbage caterpillar etc.

5, organic vegetable disease control technology

(1) cultural control method

The cultural control method is exactly in conjunction with links such as tillage and cultivation management, creates the germ survival environment condition that is unfavorable for, eliminates or reduce to be unfavorable for germ survival environment condition, reaches the purpose of insect pests.

Select disease-resistant variety for use.The disease resistance of vegetables is that the biological property of certain kind and the habit that causes harm, characteristics, the morphosis of certain germ conflict, and makes it not be subjected to causing harm of this germ or causes harm lighter.Efficent rotation and intercropping.Different vegetable is carried out crop rotation, has cut off the parasitic source of certain germ, it can't be contaminated cause harm.The height bar intercropping of vegetables.Improved the ventilation and penetrating light condition, the dip-dye that can limit pathogeny is caused harm.Intertill and clean tillage.But the intertillage chesson increases the soil air permeability, promotes root growth, coordinates the vegetables healthy growth, has strengthened the resistance against diseases of vegetables.Weed a garden, disease alleviates.

Use aseptic fertilizer.The organic manure that planting vegetable uses will thoroughly become thoroughly decomposed, and by the hot fermentation of fertilizer, germ is killed in digest process.Otherwise fertilising can be brought germ into soil, causes vegetables to be contaminated and causes harm.

(2) physical control

Physical control is to utilize method control vegetable diseases such as physical property or artificial, utensil.

Hot water treatment of seeds, hot water treatment of seeds, kill the germ of seed epidermis according to the killing temperature of germ.But must consider the resistivity of seed, with can kill pathogens, the normal germinating growth of not overslaugh seed again to temperature.

The rural area is in time cleared up in the cleaning rural area after the vegetables results, weeds and the residual body of vegetables etc. are thoroughly cleaned out, and causes harm in case the germ of weeds and the residual body of vegetables continues to propagate Tanaka.

Pull out diseased plant, if find indivedual diseased plants, should in time be with soil to clear out of the field diseased plant in the vegetables colony, cause harm in case diseased plant spreads.

(3) biological control

The bactericidal agent for preventing and treating vegetable disease that utilizes microorganism and Chinese herbal medicine to make.

6, control of weeds technology

Control of weeds will be caught early, little, few three words.Specific requirement is that control of weeds is wanted in time should to carry out at the phylonepionic of weeds, and the harm of weeds is reduced to minimum limit.

Weeding combines with the diffusing moisture in the soil of water drainage, combines with loose soil, reaches weeding and improves the gas permeability of soil, promotes the purpose of the healthy and strong growth of vegetables.

Herbicidal methods

Can uproot the vegetables plot of weeding with iron, the practicable weeding of manually hoing the fields.Vegetative period, short leafy vegetable population density was big, can not uproot the vegetables plot of weeding with iron, can carry out the artificial uprooting weed famine of going out.

After the vegetables results, in time clear up the rural area.Weeds and the residual body of vegetables are thoroughly cleaned out the field, reduce the weeds provenance.

For root weeds, when the deep ploughing soil, the elimination of weeds is fallen, reduce the casual life of root weeds.

Claims

1, a kind of cultivation method of organic vegetable is characterized in that, step is as follows:

The first step: select the suitable cultivation place.

Selection is away from city and industrial and mining area, no atmosphere, water source and soil pollution, and fertile soil, quality sand is glutinous moderate, and the production base is set up in the place of irrigation and drainage convenience, traffic convenience, organic manure source abundance;

Second step: select suitable crop and kind.

Select damage by disease and insect that lighter and disease-resistant, that growth potential is strong fine quality takes place;

The 3rd step: arrange the seed crops for rotation

Should be according to crop characteristics and damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule, crop is arranged in damage by disease and insect harm lighter season main vegetative period, reach and hide the purpose that the disease worm is caused harm;

The 4th step: reasonable application of organic fertilizers material

The plantation organic vegetable is strict with the various free of contamination organic manure use abundant fermentation maturity, as base manure or topdress;

The 5th step: the extermination of disease and insect pest

Adopt pest natural enemy, BT bacillus, colour table and black light lamp to lure worm, silver grey film expelling parasite and fly net to isolate innoxious pest control technology, to take during the diseases and pests controlling to enhance field management, promote the plant growing stalwartness, enhance disease resistance, adopt drip irrigation to reduce air humidity, high bedding cultivation, strengthen intertill and clean tillage, draining in time and have a shower with well water behind the summer rain reduces planting density, strengthen the ventilation and penetrating light performance, note crop rotation.