CN106718455B - Comprehensive prevention and control method for main diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice for reducing pesticide consumption - Google Patents

Comprehensive prevention and control method for main diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice for reducing pesticide consumption Download PDF

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CN106718455B
CN106718455B CN201710019055.0A CN201710019055A CN106718455B CN 106718455 B CN106718455 B CN 106718455B CN 201710019055 A CN201710019055 A CN 201710019055A CN 106718455 B CN106718455 B CN 106718455B
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rice
field
season
percent
suspending agent
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CN106718455A (en
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邱良妙
占志雄
刘其全
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Institute of Plant Protection of FAAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
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Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive prevention and control method for main diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice with reduced pesticide consumption, belonging to the technical field of rice disease and insect pest prevention and control. Aiming at the characteristics and the rules of the occurrence of the diseases and insect pests of the ratoon rice, the invention implements monitoring and early warning, agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control on the main diseases and insect pests of the ratoon rice and constructs a comprehensive prevention and control technology system for the main diseases and insect pests of the ratoon rice with reduced pesticide consumption. The invention gives full play to the synergistic control effect of each technical measure on the diseases and insect pests of the ratoon rice, controls the main diseases and insect pests of the ratoon rice within the economic threshold, effectively reduces the using amount of the pesticide for preventing and controlling the diseases and insect pests of the ratoon rice, achieves the purposes of nuisanceless production of the rice, sustainable development of a farmland ecosystem and environmental protection, and realizes remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

Comprehensive prevention and control method for main diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice for reducing pesticide consumption
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive prevention and control method for main diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice with reduced pesticide consumption, belongs to the technical field of agricultural disease and insect pest prevention and control, and is particularly suitable for the agricultural scientific research fields of monitoring and early warning, comprehensive prevention and control, pollution-free rice production, agricultural ecological protection and the like of the main diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice.
Background
Grain safety is the foundation of national and social stability, the situation of grain production in China is not optimistic, rice is used as the most important grain crop, the rice planting area accounts for 1/4 of the national grain planting area, and the rice yield accounts for more than 50% of the total grain yield, so that the rice plays an extremely important role in the grain production in China, and the grain production of rice plays a fundamental role and a fundamental role in the safety of the grain in China. At present, the situation of food safety in China is very severe, from the domestic viewpoint, the self-sufficiency rate of food in China is only 90%, in 2012, the imports of three large grains in China reach 1000 ten thousand tons, the grain is a net importer of food, and various objective factors such as continuous acceleration of urbanization process, continuous increase of population, continuous reduction of cultivated land and fresh water resources and the like frequently challenge the safety of the food production in China. In the aspect of rice grain production, because the growth cycle of rice planting is longer, the labor input cost is high, and rice plant diseases and insect pests are rampant, the cost for preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests is increased year by year, so that the enthusiasm of farmers for planting grains is continuously reduced. Therefore, in recent years, China pays great attention to the safety of rice grain production, a batch of new high-yield and high-quality rice varieties are cultivated, the high efficiency and high quality of grain production are guaranteed, and an important foundation is laid for the safety of rice grain production in China.
Besides popularization and application of new high-yield and high-quality rice varieties, how to fully utilize natural resource environmental conditions and produce more rice grains is also an important technical measure for guaranteeing the safety of rice grains in China, and in recent years, good success is achieved in popularization and planting of ratooning rice. The regenerated rice is simply a rice variety which is obtained by harvesting twice in one crop, namely, after first-season rice is ripe and harvested, sprouting and heading are carried out again after axillary buds of rice stumps germinate, and then one-season rice is harvested. The ratoon rice is a kind of rice variety, has a long planting history in China, and can be traced back to 1700 years. The method is characterized in that after the first season rice is ripe, a large number of axillary buds are arranged on the rice stem, after the first season rice is ripe, only 2/3 parts above rice plants are cut, rice ears are collected, 1/3 plants and root systems below the rice ears are left, fertilizer application and cultivation are carried out, the axillary buds of rice stakes are germinated, grown, spiked and ripe again, and the rice can be harvested again, the grains of the second season rice are usually smaller than those of the first season, the number of the rice ears of the second season is larger than that of the first season, the total yield of the two seasons is usually increased by more than 50% than that of the rice of the first season, and therefore, popularization and application of the ratoon rice technology are also important technical means for guaranteeing the production safety of rice grains.
The area suitable for planting the regenerated rice is mainly the area where the sunlight and the heat are not enough to plant the two-season rice, but the one-season rice is planted and the one-season rice has the redundant sunlight and the heat. Statistics show that the area of rice planted in China is about 2 hundred million acres, and areas with 5000 ten thousand acres are suitable for popularizing ratory rice. In recent years, many areas in China, such as Fujian, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Chongqing and the like, are popularizing and applying the ratory rice technology in a large area, the popularization of the ratory rice technology is calculated according to reported demonstration data, the rice yield can be increased by 2000 million tons every year in China, and the development of the ratory rice is an important effective measure for ensuring the future food safety in China.
Because the yield of rice planting is relatively low, the enthusiasm of farmers for grain planting is generally low, and the yield of grain planting is improved to a certain extent by the ratoon rice cultivation technology; however, the technical characteristics of the cultivation of the ratoon rice are different from the traditional double cropping rice and single cropping rice, so the pest and disease damage generation characteristics and damage rule of the ratoon rice are also different from the traditional double cropping rice and single cropping rice, and the rampant of the pest and disease damage poses serious threat to the yield and quality of the ratoon rice. The rampant of how to system control ratoon rice plant diseases and insect pests is the key to ensure ratoon rice production, the research and application in this respect is relatively lacking at present, lead to the fact that the grain grower is rampant to the ratoon rice plant diseases and insect pests is suitable, it is also tired to deal with to singly rely on chemical pesticide in a large number to prevent and treat, excessively use chemical pesticide in a large number causes a series of problems such as "3R" (pest resistance, pest grow rampant and environmental pollution), cause the rice field ecosystem to be in the pernicious cycle that is constantly suffered from the destruction, the pest further rampant takes place into harm, in turn can only rely on chemical pesticide in a large number to control the plant diseases and insect pests in order to guarantee grain yield. Therefore, the broad masses of grain farmers urgently need the technology and the method suitable for preventing and controlling the diseases and insect pests of the ratoon rice to effectively reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit. At present, the nation also pays great attention to the problems of excessive use of chemical pesticides in agricultural pest control, environmental pollution and the like, the agricultural department puts forward zero increase of pesticide use to 2020, which will certainly require establishment of a coordinated solution of an agricultural pest system, the pesticide usage amount in rice pest control is very large, especially in the production of regenerated rice, the comprehensive systematic regulation and control of the regenerated rice pest is a key technical measure for reducing the pesticide usage amount in a rice field because the pest occurrence law is obviously changed, and at present, the technical method in the aspect is almost blank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive prevention and control method for main diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice with reduced pesticide use, which adopts a technical method comprising 5 technical measures of field monitoring and early warning, agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control for main diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice to scientifically optimize, integrate and assemble, construct a comprehensive prevention and control technical system for main diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice with reduced pesticide use, and apply the comprehensive prevention and control technical system to the production practice of ratoon rice.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. method for preventing plant diseases and insect pests by cultivating strong seedlings in seedling stage of first-season rice
(1) Agricultural control measures: selecting a rice variety with strong regeneration capacity and strong resistance to main diseases and insect pests of rice as a ratoon rice cultivation variety; secondly, cultivating strong seedlings strictly according to the procedures of seed drying, fixed sowing time, seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing;
(2) prevention and control measures: after seed coating is used for seed soaking or pregermination, 31.9 percent of imidacloprid, tebuconazole suspension seed coating (the effective component is 111.75-335.25 g/100 kg of seeds), 7 percent of imidacloprid, prochloraz suspension seed coating (the effective component is 58.35-87.5 g/100 kg of seeds) and 35 percent of thiamethoxam, prochloraz suspension seed coating (the effective component is 70-87.5 g/100 kg of seeds) are selected before sowing, and the rice seed coating and dressing treatment can effectively control rice planthoppers and rice thrips in the seedling stage, and can also effectively control bakanae disease in the seedling stage and prevent rice black-streaked dwarf;
2. transplanting to tillering stage of first season rice seedling
(1) Agricultural control measures: firstly, utilizing the characteristic of weak stress resistance of moth pests in the pupation period, combining the operation of spring ploughing farming in the pupation period of the moth pests in spring, eradicating weeds at the destroyed field, burying the rice stakes deeply, applying 75 kilograms of quick lime per mu, and irrigating for 7-10 days in spring ploughing to kill overwintering sources and pathogenic bacteria; 4 honey-source plants of clover, wild chrysanthemum, sesame and okra are planted on ridges around the rice field, so that a good inhabitation and breeding place is provided for natural enemies of the rice field, and a continuous and stable rice field ecosystem is established; ③ balanced fertilization: ploughing the field before transplanting, applying 300 kg of organic fertilizer, 20-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 20-25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate or calcium superphosphate as base fertilizers to each mu of field, and transplanting in shallow water to improve the resistance of rice seedlings to diseases and insect pests; early application of tillering fertilizer, and applying 10-15 kg of urea and 4-6 kg of potassium chloride per mu after 7-10 days of seedling transplantation; fourthly, scientifically managing water: first season rice shallow water rice transplanting, draining water and baking the field in time when about 21 days after rice transplanting or the average tillering number of each cluster reaches 8-10, filling shallow water at intervals of 5-7 days, filling shallow water after natural drying, and repeating for many times until young ears are differentiated;
(2) physical prevention measures are as follows: firstly, frequency vibration type solar insect killing lamps are arranged in the field, and one insect killing lamp is arranged in every 50 mu, so that the generation amount of chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, sesamia inferens, cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice planthoppers is effectively reduced; and secondly, breeding ducks in the rice field, when the green turning and tillering of the transplanted rice begin, putting the ducklings into the rice field for breeding, putting 15-25 ducks in each mu of the rice field, improving the organic matter content of the rice field, reducing the occurrence of rice sheath blight, rice planthopper and weeds and recovering the ducks before the rice breaks and ears.
(3) Biological control measures: firstly, field monitoring is implemented, 1 (chilo suppressalis and rice leaf roller) trappers are arranged in the center of a rice field according to each mu of field snout moth imagoes at the emergence stage of the field snout moth, the trappers are positioned at the positions which are about 15-20 cm higher than rice seedlings, the trappers are replaced once every 15 days, the trappers are continuously used for 1-2 times at the mating and spawning stage of every 1 generation of snout moth imagoes, the number of snout moth larvae can be effectively reduced, and the egg and larva generation amount and rice damage rate of the field snout moth pests are reduced; secondly, combining field monitoring results, implementing biological control of natural enemies, artificially releasing a large number of trichogramma in a continuous sheet in the ovipositing period of the snout moth, uniformly arranging 3-5 trichogramma releasing points per mu at the position which is about 15-20 cm higher than the rice seedlings, releasing 10000 trichogramma per mu, releasing the trichogramma once every 3 days, and continuously releasing the trichogramma 2-3 times, thereby having good field control effect on the snout moth of the rice; and thirdly, 4 honey-source plants of clover, wild chrysanthemum, sesame and okra are planted on ridges around the rice field, a continuous and stable rice field ecological system is established, a good inhabitation and breeding place is provided for parasitic wasps such as trichogramma, gall wasps, calloustes and the like and predatory natural enemies such as black shoulder green plant bugs, ladybirds, spiders and the like, the biological control effect of natural enemies on rice pests is fully exerted, and the occurrence and damage of the pests are reduced.
(3) Chemical control measures: about 2-3 weeks after first season rice seedlings are transplanted, in the incubation peak period of first generation chilo suppressalis eggs, according to the biological control effect of trichogramma releasing and the combination of field monitoring results, under the condition that rice pests reach control indexes, selecting 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 6-12 ml/mu, 10% cyantraniliprole suspending agent 20-30 ml/mu, 24% methoxyfenozide suspending agent 20-30 ml/mu, 5% emamectin water dispersible granule 15-20 g/mu, 20% dinotefuran soluble granule 30-40 g/mu, performing field spraying control on natural enemies of rice fields and ecological environment-friendly chemical agents for 1 time, and simultaneously achieving the effect of controlling cnaphalocrocis medinalis;
3. head season rice from booting stage to heading stage
(1) Agricultural control measures: firstly, continuing to apply 4 honey-source plants of clover, wild chrysanthemum, sesame and okra planted on ridges around the rice field, providing a good habitat for natural enemies of the rice field, and establishing a continuous and stable rice field ecosystem; ③ balanced fertilization: topdressing rice germination accelerating fertilizer within 14-21 days after the first season rice is full of spikes, and better promoting the germination and growth of regeneration buds by applying 8-10 kg of urea and 4-6 kg of potassium chloride per mu; fourthly, scientifically managing water: after the young ears are differentiated, furrow irrigation is carried out, the wet state of the rice field is kept, so that the root and the stem are strengthened, the stress resistance to rice diseases and insect pests is realized, and the high yield of the large ears of the first-season rice is promoted.
(2) Physical prevention measures are as follows: firstly, continuously applying a frequency vibration type solar insecticidal lamp arranged in the field, and arranging one insecticidal lamp every 50 mu or so, so that the occurrence amount of chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, sesamia inferens, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee and rice planthoppers is effectively reduced; secondly, breeding ducks in the rice field, breeding 15-25 ducks in each mu, improving the organic matter content of the rice field, reducing rice sheath blight, rice planthopper and weed by the movement of the ducks in the rice field, and recovering the ducks before the rice breaks and ears are taken out.
(3) Biological control measures: firstly, field monitoring is carried out, 1 (chilo suppressalis and rice leaf roller) trappers are arranged in the center of a rice field according to each mu of rice field at the heading stage and the field adult snout moth, the trappers are positioned at the positions which are about 15-20 cm higher than rice seedlings, the trappers are replaced once every 15 days, the trappers are continuously used for 1-2 times at the mating and spawning stage of every 1 generation of adult snout moth, the number of snout moth pests can be effectively reduced, and the egg and larva generation amount and the rice damage rate of the field snout moth pests are reduced; secondly, field monitoring is carried out, biological control of natural enemies is implemented, a large number of trichogramma are artificially released in a connected manner in the brood moth oviposition period, the bee releasing positions are located at positions which are 15-20 cm higher than rice seedlings, 3-5 bee releasing points are uniformly arranged in each mu, 10000 bees are released in each mu, the bees are released once every 3 days, and the bees are continuously released for 2-3 times, so that the method has a good field control effect on the rice borers; the method is characterized by scientifically managing 4 honey-source plants of clover, wild chrysanthemum, sesame and okra planted on ridges around the rice field, establishing a continuous and stable rice field ecosystem, providing a good habitat for parasitic wasps such as trichogramma, gall wasps, callouse and the like and predatory natural enemies such as black shoulder green plant bug, ladybug, spider and the like in the rice field, fully playing the biological control role of natural enemies on rice pests, and reducing the occurrence of the pests.
(4) Chemical control measures: implementing pest and disease monitoring, in the first season rice breaking and heading period, combining field monitoring results, in the striped rice hatching peak period and the rice leaf roller low-age larva period, when pests reach the prevention and control indexes, selecting 20-12 ml/mu of 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, 20-30 ml/mu of 10% cyantraniliprole suspending agent, 20-30 ml/mu of 24% methoxyfenozide suspending agent, 15-20 g/mu of 5% emamectin benzoate water dispersible granules, 80-100 ml/mu of 40% chlorpyrifos aqueous emulsion to use 10% nitenpyram aqueous solution 20-40 ml/mu, 20-30 g/mu of 25% pymetrozine wettable powder, 15-20 ml/mu of 22% sulfoxaflor 20-40 g/mu of 20% dinotefuran water dispersible granules, 20-30 g/mu of 25% buprofezin wettable powder adopts a technical measure of coordination and control on rice stem borers, rice leaf rollers and rice planthoppers. Meanwhile, according to the occurrence situation of the rice sheath blight in the field, when the rice sheath blight reaches a control index, 80-100 ml/mu of 5% hexaconazole suspending agent, 30-40 ml/mu of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable solution, 30% difenoconazole, 15-20 ml/mu of propiconazole emulsifiable solution, 75% trifloxystrobin, 10-15 g/mu of tebuconazole water dispersible granules, 15-25 ml/mu of 240 g/L thifluzamide suspending agent and 325 g/L difenoconazole are selected to control the rice sheath blight at 40-50 ml/mu. The first season rice stems are protected from being seriously harmed by diseases and insects, the axillary buds with strong activity are ensured to germinate, and the yield and the quality of the rice in the regeneration season are ensured.
4. Axillary bud germination and growth in regeneration season to heading stage
(1) Agricultural control measures: firstly, continuing to apply 4 honey-source plants of clover, wild chrysanthemum, sesame and okra planted on ridges around the rice field, providing a good habitat for natural enemies of the rice field, and establishing a continuous and stable rice field ecosystem; balanced fertilization: applying 3-5 kg of urea per mu as a seedling strengthening fertilizer within 1-3 days after harvesting the first season rice; when the sprouting is about 60-70% in the regeneration season, the method comprises the steps of applying fertilizer outside roots and spraying a growth regulator, adding 50 kilograms of water per mu, spraying 2 grams of 'Jiu di 0' and 200 grams of monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces, and spraying urea with the concentration of 1% according to the growth condition of rice; thirdly, scientifically managing water: the first season rice is harvested, then is irrigated with shallow water in time, naturally falls to dry, is dried in the sun for 2-3 days, is irrigated with shallow water again and repeatedly, keeps the field in a moist and breathable state, and is not forbidden to be drought or flooded for a long time.
(2) Physical prevention measures are as follows: the frequency vibration type solar insecticidal lamp arranged in the field is continuously applied, and one insecticidal lamp is arranged every 50 mu or so, so that the generation amount of pests such as chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, sesamia inferens, rice leaf rollers and rice planthoppers is effectively reduced.
(3) Biological control measures: firstly, combining field monitoring, arranging 1 (chilo suppressalis and rice leaf roller) trappers in the center of a rice field according to each mu m in a rice heading stage and a field snout moth adult emergence stage in a continuous piece using attractant in combination with field monitoring, replacing a trapping core once every 15 days when the trappers are positioned at a place which is about 15-20 cm higher than a rice seedling, and continuously using the attractant for 1-2 times in a mating and spawning stage of every 1 generation of snout moth larvae, so that the number of snout moth pests can be effectively reduced, and the egg and larva generation amount and rice damage rate of the field snout moth pests are reduced; secondly, biological control of natural enemies, namely, in the stage of the stem borers in full laying period, a large number of trichogramma are manually released in a connected mode, the bee releasing positions are located at positions which are 15-20 cm higher than rice seedlings, 3-5 bee releasing points are uniformly arranged per mu, 10000 bees are released per mu, the bees are released once every 3 days, and the bees are continuously released for 2-3 times, so that the field control effect on the rice stem borers is good; thirdly, honey plants planted on ridges around the rice field are continuously applied to establish a continuous and stable rice field ecological system, so that good inhabitation and breeding places are provided for parasitic wasps and predatory natural enemies of the rice field, the biological control effect of the natural enemies on rice pests is fully exerted, and the occurrence of the pests is reduced;
(4) chemical control measures: according to research results, the main pests and diseases which have great influence on the yield of the regenerated season rice are cnaphalocrocis medinalis, rice planthoppers and false smut, and under the condition that the field monitoring condition is combined, from the late booting stage to the heading stage of the regenerated season rice and when the pests reach the prevention and control indexes, the selected pests are 6-12 ml/mu of 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, 20-30 ml/mu of 10% cyantraniliprole suspending agent, 10-15 ml/mu of 15% indoxacarb suspending agent, 20-30 ml/mu of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 15-20 g/mu of 5% emamectin water dispersible granules, 30-50 ml/mu of 22% metaflumizone suspending agent, 25-30 ml/mu of 10% spinosad suspending agent, 20-30 ml/mu of 6% ethyl spinosad suspending agent, 80-100 ml/mu of 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, The bacillus thuringiensis is used in combination with a rice planthopper control medicament 10% nitenpyram aqueous solution 20-40 ml/mu, 25% pymetrozine wettable powder 20-30 g/mu, 22% sulfoxaflor nitrile suspending agent 15-20 ml/mu, 20% dinotefuran water dispersible granules 20-40 g/mu and 25% buprofezin wettable powder 20-30 g/mu, and is sprayed and applied for controlling main pests such as leaf rollers and rice planthoppers of the rice leaf rollers in the regeneration season for 1 time, so that the yield and the quality of the rice in the regeneration season are effectively ensured. Meanwhile, according to the occurrence situation of pathogenic bacteria of false smut in the field, the false smut can be prevented and treated for 1 time 7 days before the breaking of the regenerated rice or by combining the rice leaf roller and the rice planthopper, and 430 g/L of tebuconazole suspending agent can be used for 10-15 ml/mu, 5% of hexaconazole suspending agent can be used for 80-100 ml/mu, 25% of prochloraz suspending agent can be used for 60-80 ml/mu, 75% of trifloxystrobin, 15-20 g/mu of tebuconazole water dispersible granule and 15-20 ml/mu of 24% fenbuconazole suspending agent can be used for effective preparation.
5. A comprehensive prevention and control technology system for main diseases and insect pests of the regenerated rice with reduced pesticide consumption is constructed, a plant protection policy of prevention as main and comprehensive prevention is followed, the key growth period which is easily affected by the main diseases and insect pests of the rice in the planting and cultivating process of the regenerated rice and has great influence on the yield of the rice is determined, and 5 prevention and control technical measures of 'insect condition monitoring, agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control and chemical prevention and control' are optimally assembled.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further illustrated and described in the following specific examples of the present invention in the exemplary planting area of the regenerated rice in Sanming City, Fujian province, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but rather, those skilled in the art should understand that the equivalent substitutions, equivalent changes, modifications or corresponding improvements made to the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention and still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
1. Monitoring insect pest situation: carrying out field monitoring on main diseases and pests of rice planthoppers, chilo suppressalis, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee, rice sheath blight, false smut and rice blast rice by adopting an effective temperature accumulating method, a period distance method, a phenological period and an induced collection observation technical means, and timely issuing main disease and pest catastrophe and prevention early warning according to the population quantity and development trend of the field diseases and pests;
2. agricultural control: selecting rice varieties with strong regeneration capacity and strong resistance to main diseases and insect pests of rice as regenerated rice cultivars, and selecting 5 rice varieties such as Tianyou Huazhan, Eryou 616, Yiyou 673, Y Eryou No. 1 and Eryou 8676; secondly, cultivating strong seedlings strictly according to the procedures of seed drying, fixed sowing time, seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing; thirdly, utilizing the characteristic of weak stress resistance of the borer moth pests in the pupation period, combining the operation of spring ploughing farming in the pupation period of the borer moth pests in spring, eradicating weeds at the destroyed field, burying the rice stakes deeply, applying 75 kilograms of quicklime per mu, and irrigating water for 10 days in spring ploughing to kill overwintering insect sources and pathogenic bacteria; fourthly, 4 honey-source plants of clover, wild chrysanthemum, sesame and okra are planted on the ridges around the rice field, and a continuous and stable rice field ecological system is established; balanced fertilization: ploughing and turning the field before transplanting the first season rice, applying 200 kg of organic fertilizer, 30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 20 kg of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizers to each mu of rice, and transplanting the rice in shallow water to improve the resistance of rice seedlings to plant diseases and insect pests; early application of tillering fertilizer, 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu 10 days after the seedlings are transplanted; and (3) topdressing a rice germination accelerating fertilizer 15 days after the first season rice is full of spikes, and better promoting the germination and growth of the regenerated buds by applying 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium chloride per mu. A method for fertilizing in a regeneration season, wherein 5 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu of rice as a seedling strengthening fertilizer 1 day after first season rice is harvested; when the ears sprout about 60-70% in the regeneration season, the method comprises the steps of applying fertilizer outside roots and spraying a growth regulator, adding 50 kilograms of water per mu, spraying 2 grams of 'Jiu di 0' and 200 grams of monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces, and applying 1% of urea to the field with weak growth vigor of rice plants; sixth, scientific water management: first season rice shallow water rice transplanting, draining water and baking the field 21 days after rice transplanting, namely every time when tillering number is 8-10, filling shallow water at intervals of 7 days, naturally drying, then filling shallow water, repeating for many times until young ears are differentiated, performing furrow filling after the young ears are differentiated, keeping the wet state of the rice field, and promoting high yield of large ears of first season rice by increasing roots, strengthening stems and resisting stress on plant diseases and insect pests; and (3) timely filling shallow water after harvesting the first season rice, naturally drying the first season rice, drying the first season rice in the sun for 3 days, filling shallow water again, and repeating the steps for many times to keep the field in a moist and breathable state.
3. Physical control: firstly, frequency vibration type solar insect-killing lamps are arranged in the field, and one insect-killing lamp is arranged in every 50 mu, so that the generation amount of pests such as chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, sesamia inferens, rice leaf rollers and rice planthoppers is effectively reduced; secondly, breeding ducks in the rice field, when green turning and tillering are started after rice transplanting, placing the ducklings into the rice field for breeding, placing 20 ducks in each mu of the rice field, effectively improving the organic matter content of the rice field through the movement of the ducks in the rice field, effectively reducing the occurrence of rice sheath blight, rice planthopper and weeds, and recovering the ducks before the rice breaks the mouths and shoots.
4. Biological control: firstly, combining field monitoring, continuously using chilo suppressalis sex attractant 1 week after first season rice is transplanted, arranging 1 chilo suppressalis trapper per mu in the center of a rice field, wherein the trapper is positioned at a position which is 15-20 cm higher than a rice seedling, and replacing a trapping core every 15 days, so that the number of chilo suppressalis is effectively reduced, the chilo suppressalis pest reduction rate reaches more than 70%, the damage rate of rice plants in the tillering period of the first season rice is reduced, and the rice sheath withering rate is reduced by more than 70%; and the remarkable biological control effect is obtained. Secondly, biological control of natural enemies, namely, in the stage of the stem borers laying full eggs, a large number of trichogramma are manually released in a connected manner, bee releasing positions are arranged at positions which are about 15-20 cm higher than rice seedlings, 3-5 bee releasing points are uniformly arranged per mu, 10000 bees are released per mu, the bees are released once every 3 days, the bees are continuously released for 3 times, the field control effect on the rice stem borers is good, the number of the rice stem borers is reduced by more than 70%, and the damage rate of rice plants is reduced by more than 70%; and the remarkable biological control effect is obtained.
Thirdly, 4 honey plants of clover, wild chrysanthemum, sesame and okra are planted on ridges around the rice field, a continuous and stable rice field ecological system is established, a good inhabitation breeding place is provided for parasitic wasps and predatory natural enemies of the rice field, a large number of natural enemies such as spiders, ladybugs and parasitic wasps are arranged on the honey plants, the number of the natural enemies of the rice field is increased by more than 30% compared with that of a control area, the biological control effect of the natural enemies on rice pests is fully exerted, the occurrence and damage of the pests are reduced, the ecological regulation and control are implemented by planting the honey plants in the rice field, the rice damage rate is reduced by more than 10%, and the remarkable biological control effect is obtained.
5. Chemical control: after seed soaking and germination accelerating, selecting 31.9% imidacloprid, tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent (active ingredient 111.75-335.25 g/100 kg seed), 7% imidacloprid, prochloraz suspension seed coating agent (active ingredient 58.35-87.5 g/100 kg seed), 35% thiamethoxam, prochloraz suspension seed coating agent (active ingredient 70-87.5 g/100 kg seed) special seed coating agent for rice coating and dressing treatment before sowing, effectively controlling the occurrence of rice planthopper, rice thrips and bakanae disease at seedling stage, reducing the incidence rate of rice black-streaked dwarf disease at field stage, reducing the number of rice planthopper at seedling stage by more than 60%, reducing the number of rice thrips by more than 80%, reducing the damage rate of rice seedlings by more than 80%, and reducing the rice bakanae disease at seedling stage by more than 75%; 16 days after the first season rice seedlings are transplanted, under the conditions of releasing trichogramma biological control effect and field monitoring result in combination with the first generation chilo suppressalis egg hatching peak period and when the pests reach the control indexes, selecting 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 6-12 ml/mu, 10% cyantraniliprole suspending agent 20-30 ml/mu, 24% methoxyfenozide suspending agent 20-30 ml/mu and 5% emamectin benzoate water dispersible granule 15-20 g/mu for high efficiency and low toxicity, carrying out field spray control once on natural enemies of the rice field and ecological environment-friendly chemical agents, wherein the chilo suppressalis control effect reaches more than 85%, and meanwhile, the rice leaf roller dual control effect reaches more than 80%; ③ at the beginning of breaking and heading of the first season rice, at the peak incubation period of Chilo suppressalis eggs and the peak emergence period of the young rice leaf rollers, combining the field monitoring results, when the pests reach the prevention and control indexes, using 20 percent chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 6-12 ml/mu, 10 percent cyantraniliprole suspending agent 20-30 ml/mu, 24 percent methoxyfenozide suspending agent 20-30 ml/mu, 5 percent emamectin benzoate water dispersible granule 15-20 g/mu, 40 percent chlorpyrifos aqueous emulsion 80-100 ml/mu to mix and use 10 percent nitenpyram aqueous solution 20-40 ml/mu, 25 percent pymetrozine wettable powder 20-30 g/mu, 22 percent flonicamid suspending agent 15-20 ml/mu, 20 percent dinotefuran water dispersible granule 20-40 g/mu, 20-30 g/mu of the 25% buprofezin wettable powder is sprayed for 1 time for prevention and control, and the prevention effects on rice stem borers, rice leaf rollers and rice planthoppers reach 85%, 80% and more than 85% respectively. Meanwhile, according to the occurrence situation of the rice sheath blight in the field, when the rice sheath blight reaches the prevention and control index, 80-100 ml/mu of 5% hexaconazole suspending agent, 30-40 ml/mu of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable solution, 30% difenoconazole, 15-20 ml/mu of propiconazole emulsifiable solution, 75% trifloxystrobin, 10-15 g/mu of tebuconazole water dispersible granules, 15-25 ml/mu of 240 g/L thifluzamide suspending agent and 325 g/L difenoconazole are selected, and the prevention and control of the rice sheath blight are implemented for 1 time by 40-50 ml/mu of azoxystrobin suspending agent, and the prevention and control effect on the rice sheath blight is more than 80%. Effectively protects the first season rice stems from being damaged by diseases and pests, ensures that enough axillary buds with strong activity germinate, and ensures the yield and quality of the rice in the regeneration season. Fourthly, according to the field monitoring situation, at the last stage of the rice booting ear of the regeneration season, when the pest reaches the prevention and control index, selecting 20 percent chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 6-12 ml/mu, 10 percent cyantraniliprole suspending agent 20-30 ml/mu, 15 percent indoxacarb suspending agent 10-15 ml/mu, 1.8 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution 20-30 ml/mu, 5 percent methylamino abamectin water dispersible granule 15-20 g/mu, 22 percent metaflumizone suspending agent 30-50 ml/mu, 10 percent spinosad suspending agent 25-30 ml/mu, 6 percent ethyl spinosad suspending agent 20-30 ml/mu, 40 percent chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution 80-100 ml/mu and bacillus thuringiensis, and using 10 percent nitenpyram aqueous solution as the rice planthopper prevention and control agent 20-40 ml/mu in a compatible way, 20-30 g/mu of 25% pymetrozine wettable powder, 15-20 ml/mu of 22% sulfoxaflor, 20-40 g/mu of 20% dinotefuran water dispersible granules and 20-30 g/mu of 25% buprofezin wettable powder, wherein according to the situation of field ustilaginoidea virens, 10-15 ml/mu of 430 g/L tebuconazole suspending agent, 80-100 ml/mu of 5% hexaconazole suspending agent, 60-80 ml/mu of 25% prochloraz suspending agent and 75% trifloxystrobin are selected according to the situation of field ustilaginoidea virens, 15-20 g/mu of tebuconazole water dispersible granules and 15-20 ml/mu of 24% fenbuconazole suspending agent are used as effective medicaments for the ustilagopus, are sprayed for 1 time for controlling the main diseases and insect pests of regenerated rice leaf rollers, rice planthoppers and rice planthoppers, the control effect on the rice leaf rollers and the rice planthoppers reaches more than 85%, the prevention effect on false smut of rice is more than 80%. The chemical control mode can be summarized as (T1 + T2+ T3+ Z1), wherein T1 represents that the rice pest control is carried out once in a seedling bed period through seed soaking or seed dressing coating treatment; t2 shows that main pests such as chilo suppressalis and rice leaf roller are used as main spray for pesticide application and prevention for 1 time in the tillering stage of first season rice local field; t3 shows that the pesticide is applied once by using the main spray mist from the late booting stage to the heading stage of the first season rice, wherein the main spray mist is rice stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper and rice sheath blight; z1 shows that the pesticide is sprayed and applied for 1 time from the late booting stage to heading stage of the regeneration season by taking cnaphalocrocis medinalis, rice planthopper and false smut as main sprays.
6. By adopting the technical method, namely the method for comprehensively preventing and controlling the main diseases and insect pests of the ratoon rice by applying the pesticide in a reduced amount in the demonstration area, the comprehensive prevention and control effect is over 85 percent according to the actual survey result, compared with the prevention and control of farmers, the use frequency of the pesticide is reduced by 2-3 times, the production cost is reduced by 30-50 percent, the quality of the rice reaches the standard of pollution-free food, the production cost of rice grains is remarkably reduced, the yield and the quality of the rice are also remarkably improved, the ecological environment of the rice field is effectively repaired or improved, the ecological regulation and control function of the ecological system of the rice field on the diseases and insect pests is enhanced, and the remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits are.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A comprehensive prevention and control method for main diseases and insect pests of regenerated rice with reduced pesticide consumption is characterized in that the comprehensive prevention and control method divides the growth process of the regenerated rice into 4 periods, namely a first season rice seedling cultivation strong seedling stage, a first season rice seedling transplanting stage to tillering stage, a first season rice booting stage to heading stage, and a regeneration season axillary bud germination growth to heading stage, and implements a comprehensive prevention and control method consisting of agricultural, physical, biological and chemical prevention and control measures in each period;
wherein, the agricultural control technical measures comprise:
selecting a rice variety with strong regeneration capacity and strong resistance to main diseases and insect pests of rice as a ratoon rice cultivation variety;
secondly, cultivating strong seedlings strictly according to the procedures of seed drying, fixed sowing time, seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing;
thirdly, utilizing the characteristic of weak stress resistance of the borer moth pests in the pupation period, combining the operation of spring ploughing farming in the pupation period of the borer moth pests in spring, shoveling and destroying weeds at the edges of the field, burying the rice stakes deeply, applying 75 kilograms of quicklime per mu, and irrigating for 7-10 days in spring ploughing to kill overwintering insect sources and pathogenic bacteria;
planting honey-source plants on ridges around the rice field, and establishing a continuous and stable rice field ecosystem;
balanced fertilization:
the first season rice fertilizing method comprises the following steps: ploughing the field before transplanting, applying 300 kg of organic fertilizer, 20-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 20-25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate or calcium superphosphate as base fertilizers to each mu of field, and transplanting in shallow water to improve the resistance of rice seedlings to diseases and insect pests; early application of tillering fertilizer, and applying 10-15 kg of urea and 4-6 kg of potassium chloride per mu 7-10 days after transplanting the seedlings; topdressing rice germination accelerating fertilizer within 14-21 days after the first season rice is full of spikes, and better promoting the germination and growth of regeneration buds by applying 8-10 kg of urea and 4-6 kg of potassium chloride per mu;
the method for fertilizing in the regeneration season comprises the following steps: applying 3-5 kg of urea per mu as a seedling strengthening fertilizer within 1-3 days after harvesting the first season rice; when the ears sprout 60% -70% in the regeneration season, the method comprises the steps of applying fertilizer outside roots and spraying growth regulator, adding 50 kg of water per mu, spraying 2 g of 'Jiu di 0' and 200 g of monopotassium phosphate, and spraying urea with the concentration of 1% according to the growth condition of rice;
sixth, scientific water management: first season rice shallow water rice transplanting, draining water and baking the field in time 21 days after rice transplanting or when the average tillering number of each cluster reaches 8-10, filling shallow water at intervals of 5-7 days, filling shallow water after natural drying, repeating for many times until young ears are differentiated, performing furrow filling after the young ears are differentiated, keeping the wet state of the rice field, so as to increase roots and strengthen stems, enhance the anti-stress capability to plant diseases and insect pests and promote the high yield of big ears of first season rice; timely filling shallow water after harvesting first season rice, naturally drying, drying in the sun for 2-3 days, filling shallow water again, repeating for many times, keeping the field in a moist and breathable state, and avoiding long-term drought or flooding;
wherein, the physical prevention and treatment technical measures comprise:
firstly, frequency vibration type solar insecticidal lamps are arranged in the field, and one insecticidal lamp is arranged in every 50 mu, so that the generation amount of chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, sesamia inferens, cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice planthoppers is effectively reduced;
secondly, breeding ducks in the rice field, when green turning and tillering are started after rice transplanting, placing the ducklings into the rice field for breeding, placing 15-25 ducks in each mu of rice field, improving the organic matter content of the rice field through the movement of the ducks in the rice field, reducing rice sheath blight, rice planthoppers and weeds, and recovering the ducks before the rice is broken and the ears are removed;
wherein, the biological control technical measures comprise:
firstly, combining field monitoring, arranging 1 trap in the center of a rice field per mu in a continuous piece using attractant at the emergence stage of field snout moth adults, replacing a trap core at the position 15-20 cm higher than rice seedlings every 15 days, continuously using the attractant for 1-2 times at the mating and oviposition stage of every 1 generation of snout moth adults, and reducing the egg and larva generation amount of field snout moth pests and the damage rate of rice;
secondly, biological control of natural enemies, namely, in the stage of the stem borers in full laying period, a large number of trichogramma are artificially released in a connected manner, the bee releasing positions are located at positions 15-20 cm higher than rice seedlings, 3-5 bee releasing points are uniformly arranged in each mu, 10000 bees are released in each mu, the bees are released once every 3 days, and the bees are continuously released for 2-3 times, so that the field control effect on the rice stem borers is good;
③ planting honey plants on the ridges around the rice field, establishing a stable ecological system, providing good habitat for parasitic wasps and predatory natural enemies, fully exerting the biological control effect of natural enemies on rice pests, and reducing the occurrence of pests；
Wherein, the chemical prevention technical measures comprise:
soaking seeds or accelerating germination by using a seed coating agent, selecting a 7% imidacloprid and prochloraz suspended seed coating agent with the effective component of 111.75-335.25 g/100 kg seeds and the 31.9% imidacloprid and tebuconazole suspended seed coating agent with the effective component of 58.35-87.5 g/100 kg seeds or a 35% thiamethoxam and prochloraz suspended seed coating agent with the effective component of 70-87.5 g/100 kg seeds before sowing, and carrying out seed dressing treatment, thereby effectively controlling rice planthoppers, rice thrips and bakanae disease at the seedling stage and preventing rice black streaked dwarf disease;
secondly, 2-3 weeks after the first season rice seedlings are transplanted, in the first-generation chilo suppressalis egg incubation peak period, according to the biological control effect of trichogramma releasing and the field monitoring result, under the condition that the rice pests reach the control indexes, the high-efficiency low-toxicity chemical agent 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent which is natural enemies of the rice field and friendly to the ecological environment is selected for 6-12 ml/mu or 20-30 ml/mu of 10% cyantraniliprole suspending agent or 20-30 ml/mu of 24% methoxyfenozide suspending agent or 15-20 g/mu of 5% emamectin water dispersible granules or 30-40 g/mu of 20% chlorantraniliprole soluble granules for field spraying once, and the effect of controlling lepidoptera pests can be achieved at the same time;
③ at the breaking and heading stage of the first season rice, combining the field monitoring result, selecting 20 percent chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 6-12 ml/mu or 10 percent cyantraniliprole suspending agent 20-30 ml/mu or 24 percent methoxyfenozide suspending agent 20-30 ml/mu or 5 percent emamectin benzoate water dispersible granule 15-20 g/mu or 40 percent chlorpyrifos water emulsion 80-100 ml/mu at the incubation peak stage of the striped rice eggs and the low-age larval stage of the rice leaf rollers, using 10 percent nitenpyram aqueous solution 20-40 ml/mu or 25 percent pymetrozine wettable powder 20-30 g/mu or 22 percent flonicamid suspending agent 15-20 ml/mu or 20 percent dinotefuran water dispersible granule 20-40 g/mu or 25 percent buprofezin wettable powder 20-30 g/mu for the rice borers, the rice leaf rollers and the rice leaf rollers, Adopting technical measures of coordination and treatment for rice leaf rollers and rice planthoppers; meanwhile, according to the occurrence situation of the rice sheath blight in the field, when the rice sheath blight reaches the prevention and control index, 80-100 ml/mu of 5% hexaconazole suspending agent or 30-40 ml/mu of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable solution or 15-20 ml/mu of 30% difenoconazole/propiconazole emulsifiable solution or 40-50 ml/mu of 75% trifloxystrobin/tebuconazole water dispersible granules are selected to prevent and control the rice sheath blight, the stems of the first season rice are protected from being seriously damaged by pests, the axillary buds with strong activity are ensured to germinate, and the yield and the quality of the rice in the regeneration season are ensured;
fourthly, the chemical prevention and control technology for the diseases and pests of the regenerated rice is mainly characterized in that the main diseases and pests which have great influence on the yield of the regenerated rice are cnaphalocrocis medinalis, rice planthoppers and false smut, and when the rice diseases and pests reach prevention and control indexes according to field monitoring results, 6-12 ml/mu of 20 percent chlorantraniliprole suspending agent or 20-30 ml/mu of 10 percent cyantraniliprole suspending agent or 10-15 ml/mu of 15 percent indoxacarb suspending agent or 20-30 ml/mu of 1.8 percent abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or 15-20 g/mu of 5 percent emamectin water dispersible granule or 30-50 ml/mu of 22 percent metaflumizone suspending agent or 25-30 ml/mu of 10 percent spinosad suspending agent or 80-100 ml/mu of 6 percent ethyl spinosad suspending agent or 80-30 ml/mu of 40 percent chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate or perita The rice planthopper control medicament 10% nitenpyram aqueous solution 20-40 ml/mu or 25% pymetrozine wettable powder 20-30 g/mu or 22% sulfoxaflor nitrile suspending agent 15-20 ml/mu or 20% dinotefuran water dispersible granule 20-40 g/mu or 25% buprofezin wettable powder 20-30 g/mu is used for bacterial compatibility, and the main pests of the rice in the regeneration season are sprayed and controlled once to effectively ensure the yield and the quality of the rice in the regeneration season; according to the occurrence situation of pathogenic bacteria of false smut in the field, the false smut can be prevented and treated for 1 time 7 days before the breaking of the ear of the regenerated rice or by combining the rice leaf roller and the rice planthopper, and 430 g/L of tebuconazole suspending agent can be sprayed for 10-15 ml/mu or 5% of hexaconazole suspending agent 80-100 ml/mu or 25% of prochloraz suspending agent 60-80 ml/mu or 75% of trifloxystrobin tebuconazole water dispersible granule 15-20 g/mu or 24% of fenbuconazole suspending agent 15-20 ml/mu.
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