CN107135800A - A kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating - Google Patents
A kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating Download PDFInfo
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- CN107135800A CN107135800A CN201710516533.9A CN201710516533A CN107135800A CN 107135800 A CN107135800 A CN 107135800A CN 201710516533 A CN201710516533 A CN 201710516533A CN 107135800 A CN107135800 A CN 107135800A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating, belong to crops field.Including rich water quality management step in Initial strain breeding base selection, the preceding preparation of sowing, base, detailed process is, prior to seeding, the original seed potato of storage is taken out, rejected after sick potato, rotten potato, being placed at a temperature of 18 22 DEG C has the interior of scattered light, it is allowed to be germinateed naturally by dormancy, rush bud mutation is green, and potato seed is done from by dormancy, the short strong original seed of bud；Potato original seed plants thickness of sowing, thickness of sowing：For 3 20g potato, spacing in the rows is 10 12cm；For 20 35g potato, spacing in the rows is 13 15cm.By increasing potato original seed density in planting, quantity and the yield increase of the small potato of original seed produced, so as to reach the purpose of whole photo sowing.The process that potato whole photo sowing also reduces cutting sprout tuber, saves artificial, and be easy to mechanically actuated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crops field, and in particular to a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating.
Background technology
Many viruses of potato, such as potato virus X, spindle tuber viroid, bacteriosis, such as ring rot, green grass or young crops
Rot, late blight etc., can expand the propagation of potato seed in spite of illness by cutting the knife of potato.After potato seed stripping and slicing, as wound can not be cured quickly
Close, tangent plane easy infection bacterium causes to rot, easily cause a large amount of rotten kinds, cause field Uneven seedlings.
Existing potato cutting type of seeding, exist as soil moisture is few or high humidity, soil it is wet too low or too high when, or plant
Potato storage time is long, when physiological age is in the decline phase, easily causes withered or putrefactive phenomenon, under bad working condition,
It is difficult to save seedling from damage.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating.
Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating, including Initial strain breeding
Preparation, rich water quality management step in base before base selection, sowing, detailed process is, prior to seeding, by the original seed potato of storage
Take out, reject after sick potato, rotten potato, being placed at a temperature of 18-22 DEG C has the interior of scattered light, allows it to be germinateed naturally by dormancy, promote
Bud mutation is green, and potato seed is done from by dormancy, the short strong original seed of bud；Potato original seed plants thickness of sowing, thickness of sowing：For 3-
20g potato, spacing in the rows is 10-12cm；For 20-35g potato, spacing in the rows is 13-15cm.
Further, it is that, for 3-20g potato, spacing in the rows is 10cm, line-spacing that the potato original seed, which plants thickness of sowing,
60cm,；For 20-35g potato, spacing in the rows is 13cm, line-spacing 60cm.
Further, the Initial strain breeding base selection very cold, the naturally good area of isolation condition, height above sea level
Within the scope of 2000-3000m, in flakes, circumference 500m scopes are without Solanaceae, crop in cruciferae, without commodity planting potato in soil；Soil property
Upper in loose, fertility, irrigation is convenient, do not plant the plot on the sunny side of Solanaceae and crop in cruciferae in nearly 2 years.
Further, preparation is suned the earth which has been ploughed up specifically, being turned in time after preceding crop harvest before the sowing, depth
30cm-40cm；Fine site preparation.
Further, in the base in rich water quality management step, according to N, P, K rational application of fertilizers applying organic manure, per 667m2
Apply well-rotted farmyard manure 1500-2000 k g, urea 20-25kg, calcium superphosphate 50-60kg, potassium sulfate 25-30kg；Neat after seedling strain
During high 10-15cm, with reference to first time tillage and weeding, per 667m2Urea 10-15kg is imposed, is intertilled with reference to second, sprays 2-3%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, earth up again.
Further, in the base in rich water quality management step, per 667m2Well-rotted farmyard manure 1500kg, urea 20kg are applied,
Calcium superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg；During neat after seedling plant height 10cm, with reference to first time tillage and weeding, per 667m2Impose urea
10kg, intertills with reference to second, sprays 2%-3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, earth up again.
Further, pest control procedures are also included in the base after rich water quality management step, including to morning, late blight
Disease, root rot, droop, anthracnose, virosis, aphid disease, Liriomyza, the preventing and treating of nocturnal moth class and subterranean pest-insect class.
Further, in the pest control procedures, for morning, late blight, from disease-resistant variety, exist in morbidity early stage
Morbidity early stage can carry out rotation using the white MnZn of first and Mancozeb medicament and spray preventing and treating；For root rot, droop, from hundred
The cleer and peaceful thiophanate methyl of bacterium is mixed Tu Tang and applied, then irrigates root water；For anthracnose, early stage selects phenyl ether methyl cyclic azole, hundred
Bacterium is clear, the preventing and treating of zineb, thiophanate methyl reagent spray；
Further, in the pest control procedures, for aphid disease, sprayed from imidacloprid wp class, Acetamiprid medicament rotation；
For Liriomyza：Suction, chemosmotic medicament in larva preventing and treating selection, AVM and imidacloprid rotation are sprayed；For noctuid
Class：Adult controlling is using pyrethroid medicament and a variety of trapping methods is sprayed, and larva preventing and treating is in the low age phase from plan deinsectization
Chrysanthemum esters reagent spray is prevented and treated.
Further, in the pest control procedures, for subterranean pest-insect class：Larva full incidence period mixes fine earth with phoxim
It is sprinkled into seed furrow, or is prevented and treated from effective cypermethrin or phoxim medicament pouring root when being spread on ground or sowing.
Key technology of the present invention is as follows：By increasing potato original seed density in planting, the quantity of the small potato of original seed produced and
Yield increase, so as to reach the purpose of whole photo sowing.Every mu can sow 9328 plants, and every mu of the original seed produced reaches 50000
More than grain, 20-30g original seed accounts for more than the 60% of total amount, remaining 40% original seed all for more than 30g.
The advantage of the small whole planting potato of potato detoxicating of the present invention is as follows：
1. neat, full stand and healthy seedling of emerging.And small whole photo sowing is used, due to there is the suberification epidermis of a thickness outside whole potato, broadcast
When planting, favorably there is moisture, the nutrient preserved in stem tuber, under the bad conditions such as soil overdrying, overly moist, can ensure to greatest extent
Emerge, emerge general 92-98%, do kind of emergence rate than stripping and slicing and improve after 18-37% whole photo sowing, emerge neat strong, it is drought-enduring anti-
Cold power is strong, and because small seed potato is largely young age potato or strong age potato, life is vigorous, and whole potato does not have in otch, potato body
Moisture, nutrient can preferably keep, infected again without disease, diseased plant is few, terminal bud is with the obvious advantage, so it is neat to emerge, Miao Quan
Miao Zhuan.
2. apical dominance can be played, high yield is obtained.Whole potato is sprouted by top eye more, because the bud at top is sturdy, can fill
The apical dominance of potato seed is waved in distribution.Whole photo sowing, can be sent multiple stems by top, and each stem can 3-5 stem tubers of knot, master
Stem number is more and increases knot potato number, reaches high yield.It is reported that the potato planted using small whole photo sowing than being done using stripping and slicing is general
Increase production 15%--50%, highest can be increased production at double, and potato is big and neat, improves economic value, while flour extraction is also significantly improved.
3. reduce disease spread.Potato whole photo sowing can avoid virus and bacterial disease from being propagated by cutting knife, shut out
Exhausted bacteriosis, such as ring rot, bacterial wilt, the generation of late blight disease.
4. plant growing way is strong, virus is few, potato is tied between plant than more consistent, the potato potato wedge of growth is neat, commodity Ma Ling
Potato rate is high, and yield potential is big, is conducive to stable high yield.
5. the process that potato whole photo sowing also reduces cutting sprout tuber, saves artificial, and be easy to mechanically actuated.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail below.
Potato in embodiment uses toxicity-removing white potato, i.e. potato to pass through stem apex（Without poison）Sterilization, then by existing
There are method tissue cultures, reach the purpose of detoxification.
Avermectins medicament in embodiment is the existing product commercially available from market.
Embodiment 1
1. the good area of condition is isolated in the selection selection in Initial strain breeding base in very cold, naturally.General height above sea level
Within the scope of 2000-3000m, soil in flakes, circumference 500m scopes be advisable without Solanaceae, crop in cruciferae, without commodity planting potato.
The soil is porous, in fertility it is upper, irrigate plot on the sunny side that is convenient, not planting Solanaceae and crop in cruciferae in nearly 2 years.
Suned the earth which has been ploughed up 2. being turned in time after preparation preceding crop harvest before sowing, depth 30cm-40cm.Fine site preparation, and
Ridge is made according to local cultivation condition or leveled land, reasonable employment fertilizer.20d before sowing, will be stored up in low temperature chamber or private library
The original seed potato of Tibetan takes out, and rejects after sick potato, rotten potato, is placed in 20 DEG C of the interior for having scattered light, allows it to be germinateed naturally by dormancy,
Promote bud mutation green, stirred once every 7d.Potato seed is done from by dormancy, the short strong original silkworm egg of bud.Sowing is general in April.
Potato original seed density in planting, quantity and the yield increase of the small potato of original seed produced, so as to reach whole photo sowing
Purpose.Thickness of sowing：For 3-20g potato, spacing in the rows is 10-12cm, line-spacing 60cm, and every mu is sowed 12127 plants；For
20-35g potato, spacing in the rows is 13-15cm, line-spacing 60cm, and every mu is sowed 9328 plants.Every mu of the original seed produced reaches
More than 50000, account for total amount more than the 60% of 20-30g, remaining 40% all be more than 30g.
3. rich water quality management determines specific base fertilizer fertilizer applications according to soil fertility in itself, principle is N, P, K formula
Apply fertilizer applying organic manure, per 667m2Apply well-rotted farmyard manure 1500kg, urea 20kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg；Together
During after seedling plant height 10cm, with reference to first time tillage and weeding, per 667m2Urea 10kg is imposed, is intertilled with reference to second, sprays 2%-
3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, earths up again.
4. breeding area's roguing the envelope departure date, the full blossom end of term, the investigation of tuber expansion period three times pull out mix strain, diseased plant,
Abnormal strain（Including underground stem tuber）, the plant progress concentration destruction pulled out.
5. harvest kind classification pack a potato stopped growing on plant top, in, lower blade jaundice when enter physiology
In the maturity period, harvest harvesting work should be carried out in good time according to weather conditions and carry out classification and pack to wait to store.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is that potato original seed plants thickness of sowing and is, thickness of sowing：For 3-20g potato,
Spacing in the rows is 12cm, line-spacing 60cm；For 20-35g potato, spacing in the rows is 13cm, line-spacing 60cm.
Embodiment 3
Difference from Example 1 is, prior to seeding, the original seed potato of storage is taken out, and rejects after sick potato, rotten potato, is placed in 22
There is the interior of scattered light at a temperature of DEG C, allow it to be germinateed naturally by dormancy.
Embodiment 4
Difference from Example 1 is, prior to seeding, the original seed potato of storage is taken out, and rejects after sick potato, rotten potato, is placed in 18
There is the interior of scattered light at a temperature of DEG C, allow it to be germinateed naturally by dormancy.
Embodiment 5
Difference from Example 1 is, in the base in rich water quality management step, is increased according to N, P, K rational application of fertilizers organic
Fertilizer, per 667m2Apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 k g, urea 25kg, calcium superphosphate 60kg, potassium sulfate 30kg.Neat after seedling plant height
During 15cm, with reference to first time tillage and weeding, per 667m2Urea 15kg is imposed, is intertilled with reference to second, 3% di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate can be sprayed
Hydrogen potassium, earths up again.
The embodiment 6- techniques of pest control
Early, late blight：From disease-resistant variety, rotation can be carried out using the white MnZn of first and Mancozeb medicament in morbidity early stage and sprayed
Preventing and treating, notices that the positive back side of blade will uniformly be sprayed when spraying.
Embodiment 7- techniques of pest control root rot, droop：Tu Tang is mixed from Bravo and thiophanate methyl to apply, then
Irrigate root water.
The embodiment 8- techniques of pest control
Anthracnose：Early stage is from phenyl ether methyl cyclic azole, Bravo, zineb, the preventing and treating of thiophanate methyl reagent spray.
The embodiment 9- techniques of pest control
Virosis：The pathogeny of virosis is potato seed band poison and malicious source aphid transmission, based on preventing and treating is controlled with the spray of control of aphids medicament, medicine
Agent preventing and treating is at the initial stage of a disease in time from viral protective agent spraying, and emphasis sprays potato seedling growth growing point.
The embodiment 10- techniques of pest control
Aphid disease：Sprayed from imidacloprid wp, Acetamiprid medicament rotation.
The embodiment 11- techniques of pest control
Liriomyza：Adult controlling can use yellow card's trap, and conventional pesticidal medicament may be selected in medicament.Inhale, ooze in larva preventing and treating selection
The medicament acted on thoroughly, AVM and imidacloprid rotation are sprayed.
The embodiment 12- techniques of pest control
Nocturnal moth class：Adult controlling selects effective cypermethrin and enemy using effective cypermethrin, larva preventing and treating is sprayed in the low age phase
Dichlorvos reagent spray is prevented and treated.
The embodiment 13- techniques of pest control
Subterranean pest-insect class：Larva full incidence period is mixed when fine earth is spread on ground or sowing with phoxim and is sprinkled into seed furrow, or is selected
Effective cypermethrin or the preventing and treating of phoxim medicament pouring root.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating, it is characterised in that：Including Initial strain breeding base selection, sowing
Rich water quality management step in preceding preparation, base, detailed process is that prior to seeding, the original seed potato of storage is taken out, disease is rejected
After potato, rotten potato, being placed at a temperature of 18-22 DEG C has the interior of scattered light, allows it to be germinateed naturally by dormancy, and rush bud mutation is green, selects
Potato seed is done by dormancy, the short strong original seed of bud；Potato original seed plants thickness of sowing, thickness of sowing：For 3-20g Ma Ling
Potato, spacing in the rows is 10-12cm；For 20-35g potato, spacing in the rows is 13-15cm.
2. a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The horse
Bell potato original seed plants thickness of sowing, for 3-20g potato, and spacing in the rows is 10cm, line-spacing 60cm,；For 20-35g Ma Ling
Potato, spacing in the rows is 13cm, line-spacing 60cm.
3. a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The original
Plant Breeding base selection very cold, isolate naturally within the scope of the good area of condition, height above sea level 2000-3000m, soil
In flakes, circumference 500m scopes are without Solanaceae, crop in cruciferae, without commodity planting potato；The soil is porous, in fertility it is upper, irrigate it is convenient,
The plot on the sunny side of Solanaceae and crop in cruciferae is not planted in nearly 2 years.
4. a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to broadcast
Preparation before kind is suned the earth which has been ploughed up specifically, being turned in time after preceding crop harvest, depth 30cm-40cm；Fine site preparation.
5. a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The base
In ground in rich water quality management step, according to N, P, K rational application of fertilizers applying organic manure, per 667m2Apply well-rotted farmyard manure 1500-2000 k
G, urea 20-25kg, calcium superphosphate 50-60kg, potassium sulfate 25-30kg；During neat after seedling plant height 10-15cm, with reference in first time
Weeding, per 667m2Urea 10-15kg is imposed, is intertilled with reference to second, is sprayed 2-3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, earth up again.
6. a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The base
In ground in rich water quality management step, per 667m2Apply well-rotted farmyard manure 1500kg, urea 20kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate
25kg；During neat after seedling plant height 10cm, with reference to first time tillage and weeding, per 667m2Urea 10kg is imposed, is intertilled with reference to second,
2%-3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed, is earthed up again.
7. a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Also include pest control procedures in the base after rich water quality management step, including to morning, late blight, it is root rot, withered
Disease, anthracnose, virosis, aphid disease, Liriomyza, the preventing and treating of nocturnal moth class and subterranean pest-insect class.
8. a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The disease
,, can be using the white MnZn of first in morbidity early stage in morbidity early stage from disease-resistant variety for morning, late blight in pest control step
Rotation, which is carried out, with Mancozeb medicament sprays preventing and treating；For root rot, droop, Tu Tang is mixed from Bravo and thiophanate methyl
Apply, then irrigate root water；For anthracnose, early stage selects phenyl ether methyl cyclic azole, Bravo, zineb, thiophanate methyl
Reagent spray is prevented and treated.
9. a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The disease
In pest control step, for aphid disease, sprayed from imidacloprid wp class, Acetamiprid medicament rotation；
For Liriomyza：Suction, chemosmotic medicament in larva preventing and treating selection, AVM and imidacloprid rotation are sprayed；
For nocturnal moth class：Adult controlling is prevented and treated in low age using pyrethroid medicament and a variety of trapping methods, larva is sprayed
Phase is prevented and treated from pyrethroid reagent spray.
10. a kind of Initial strain breeding method of the small whole potato of potato detoxicating according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is described
In pest control procedures, for subterranean pest-insect class：Larva full incidence period is mixed when fine earth is spread on ground or sowing with phoxim and is sprinkled into
In seed furrow, or from effective cypermethrin or the preventing and treating of phoxim medicament pouring root.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108575629A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-28 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method reducing sweet potato small holes caused by worms rate |
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| CN1429473A (en) * | 2001-12-29 | 2003-07-16 | 刘伟 | Seed breeding method of potato detoxified small seed potato |
| RU2005105100A (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-08-10 | Акционерное общество закрытого типа Научно-производственна фирма "АгроНИР" (АОЗТ НПФ "АгроНИР") (RU) | METHOD FOR CULTIVATING POTATOES |
| CN103988655A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-08-20 | 李平 | Precocious detoxification potato cultivation technique |
| CN104969740A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-10-14 | 铜陵县香联生态农业科技园有限公司 | Cultivation method for high-yield potatoes |
| CN105409500A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-03-23 | 巫溪县薯光农业科技开发有限公司 | Cultivation method of virus-free seed tuber of Solanum tuberosum |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1429473A (en) * | 2001-12-29 | 2003-07-16 | 刘伟 | Seed breeding method of potato detoxified small seed potato |
| RU2005105100A (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-08-10 | Акционерное общество закрытого типа Научно-производственна фирма "АгроНИР" (АОЗТ НПФ "АгроНИР") (RU) | METHOD FOR CULTIVATING POTATOES |
| CN103988655A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-08-20 | 李平 | Precocious detoxification potato cultivation technique |
| CN104969740A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-10-14 | 铜陵县香联生态农业科技园有限公司 | Cultivation method for high-yield potatoes |
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| CN108575629A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-28 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method reducing sweet potato small holes caused by worms rate |
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Application publication date: 20170908 |