CN113331011A - Comprehensive green prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests in rice field - Google Patents
Comprehensive green prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests in rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN113331011A CN113331011A CN202110771735.4A CN202110771735A CN113331011A CN 113331011 A CN113331011 A CN 113331011A CN 202110771735 A CN202110771735 A CN 202110771735A CN 113331011 A CN113331011 A CN 113331011A
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- prevention
- green
- rice
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- diseases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive green prevention and control method for rice field diseases and insect pests, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural disease and insect pest prevention and control. The comprehensive green prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of the rice field comprises agricultural measures, biological prevention and control and green medicament prevention and control; the agricultural measures comprise the following steps: (1) and performing rice green crop rotation; (2) breeding strong seedlings; (3) scientifically fertilizing; the biological prevention and control comprises the following steps: (1) releasing trichogramma in the field; (2) planting vetiver grass for trapping; (3) planting a flowering plant; (4) the sex attractant traps and kills pests; the green medicament control is specifically as follows: the green biological agent is selected to prevent diseases and insect pests at the early stage of occurrence. The comprehensive green prevention and control method for the diseases and the insect pests of the rice field adopts systematic and comprehensive green prevention and control measures for different diseases and insect pests in the whole growing season of rice through agricultural measures, biological prevention and control, green medicaments and other methods, thereby achieving the aim of comprehensive green prevention and control of the diseases and the insect pests of the rice field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive green prevention and control method for rice field diseases and insect pests, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural disease and insect pest prevention and control.
Background
Rice is an annual aquatic herb of the family poaceae. The stalks are upright, the height is 0.5 to 1.5 meters, and the stalks are different according to varieties. Rice is an important grain widely grown in tropical asia. The seeds of the rice are the rice, and the rice is called rice, scented rice, rice or rice after the rice is hulled. Approximately half of the world population all eat rice; the dependence degree of China is higher, and more than 65% of people take rice as staple food. Besides being edible, the rice can also be used as industrial raw materials for brewing wine and making sugar, and the rice husks and rice straws can be used as feed. The main rice production areas in China mainly include northeast regions, Yangtze river watersheds and Zhujiang river watersheds, belong to the most important grain crops, and the abundance and shortage of the rice directly relate to the grain safety in China.
The pest and disease damage of the rice field is one of important factors influencing the rice production, the chemical pesticide prevention and control is the main prevention and control measure at present, the chemical prevention and control is to make a prevention and control scheme according to the pest and disease damage occurrence condition, and the plant protection machinery is used for applying pesticide at the early stage of pest and disease damage occurrence to finally achieve the purpose of controlling the pest and disease damage of the rice field.
Chemical control needs to use a large amount of organic chemical pesticide, and the chemical pesticide entering the environment can directly cause pollution to water and soil, especially more serious pollution caused by pesticide packaging waste; in addition, pesticide residues are caused, the quality of agricultural products is influenced, and finally, adverse effects are generated on consumers; a large number of organic chemical pesticides can kill natural enemies of insects and beneficial microorganisms at the same time, the natural enemies of insects play a role in controlling the increase of the population number of pests through the parasitism or the feeding function, the beneficial microorganisms inhibit the reproduction of original bacteria through the antagonism and the like, and when the chemical pesticides are used for killing pests such as diseases and insects, a large number of natural enemies of insects and beneficial microorganisms can be killed, so that the pests lose the control of the natural enemies, and the pests are caused to re-raging. The long-term or unscientific use of chemical pesticides can also cause the pest and disease damage to generate drug resistance, increase the prevention and control difficulty, increase the use amount of pesticides and cause vicious circle.
At present, although some green prevention and control methods are provided for rice fields, most of the methods are developed aiming at a certain disease and insect pest, but the generation types of the disease and insect pest of the rice fields are more, the generation time span is large, and the generation levels are different, so that the prevention and the control of the disease and insect pest of the rice fields are required to be a comprehensive and systemic work, and the prevention and the control requirements are difficult to achieve by a single method or a one-sided method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a comprehensive green prevention and control method for rice field diseases and insect pests with good prevention and control effect aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a comprehensive green prevention and control method for rice field diseases and insect pests comprises agricultural measures, biological prevention and control and green medicament prevention and control;
the agricultural measures comprise the following steps:
(1) and rice green crop rotation:
planting green manure plants after harvesting the rice; when the green manure plants grow to the full-bloom stage, carrying out rotary tillage and deep turning 45 days before rice planting, and irrigating, fermenting and decomposing for 30 days after carrying out rotary tillage and deep turning 15 days;
(2) breeding strong seedlings:
selecting disease and insect resistant high-quality rice varieties;
the rice variety selected for planting: seedling raising is carried out on a seedling tray, non-woven fabrics are covered for insect prevention and bird prevention, heat preservation and moisture preservation are carried out, the non-woven fabrics are removed after 14 days, and seedlings are obtained through cultivation;
spraying 500ml of functional microorganism liquid fertilizer per mu of seedling bed 2 days before transplanting, and improving the stress resistance of the seedlings;
(3) and scientifically fertilizing:
applying 40kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer for each mu before transplanting;
in the tillering stage, urea is used as tillering fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer is used twice, the interval between the two times is 7-10 days, 5-10kg of fertilizer is applied for the first time, 10-15kg of fertilizer is applied for the second time, and the total use amount per mu is 20 kg;
using 25kg of compound fertilizer per mu when the panicle grows to 2-4 stages;
the biological prevention and control comprises the following steps:
(1) and releasing trichogramma in the field: releasing trichogramma in batches at the beginning of the full-blown period of the moth, wherein the release density is 1 ten thousand per mu, and the trichogramma is continuously released for 2-3 times at intervals of 3-5 days; throwing and applying trichogramma egg spherical releasers on the ridges, uniformly distributing the trichogramma egg spherical releasers in the rice field, and controlling the harm of rice field borers;
(2) planting vetiver grass trapping: the vetiver grass is planted on the ridges of the paddy field, so that various borers can be effectively trapped and killed, the planting density of the vetiver grass is 3-5 plants planted in each hole, the distance between every two holes is 80cm, the imagoes are trapped to lay eggs in the peak period of the borers, and fed larvae are killed;
(3) planting the flowering plants: planting flowering plants in the planting gaps of the vetiver grass for conserving natural enemies and controlling pests by using the natural enemies;
(4) the sex attractant traps and kills pests: the sex pheromone of lepidoptera pests is utilized to trap and kill adults, reduce mating and yield and reduce damage caused by larvae; 3-6 traps are arranged on the edge of the ridge, and are arranged at intervals, and the lure core is replaced once a month; according to the peak period of the rice leaf roller, the chilo suppressalis and the pink moth, lure cores containing the sex pheromone of the rice leaf roller, the chilo suppressalis and the pink moth can be respectively selected and placed in a trap, so that the three pests are trapped, and the damage of egg laying and the next generation is reduced;
the green medicament control is specifically as follows: the green biological agent is selected to prevent diseases and insect pests at the early stage of occurrence.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step (1) of agricultural measures, the green manure plants are milk vetch and rape, and 1 jin of rape seeds and 4 jin of milk vetch seeds are mixed and sown by an unmanned aerial vehicle in each mu during planting.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step (3) of biological prevention and control, the flowering plant is one or more of sesame, soybean, okra and sunflower.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the green medicament prevention and treatment, the green biological medicament is one or more of bacillus thuringiensis, beauveria bassiana, bacillus subtilis, validamycin, spinetoram and kasugamycin.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the method has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the comprehensive green prevention and control method for the diseases and the insect pests of the rice field adopts systematic and comprehensive green prevention and control measures for different diseases and insect pests in the whole growing season of rice by methods such as agricultural measures, biological prevention and control, green agents and the like, so that the aim of comprehensive green prevention and control of the diseases and the insect pests of the rice field is fulfilled;
(2) the comprehensive green prevention and control method for the diseases and the insect pests of the rice field comprehensively applies various agricultural measures, so that the rice can grow healthily, the capability of resisting the diseases and the insect pests is improved, the occurrence and the harm degree of the diseases and the insect pests are reduced, and particularly, the control on the diseases and the insect pests is more obvious;
(3) the comprehensive green prevention and control method for the diseases and the insect pests of the rice field comprehensively utilizes the methods of various natural enemies of the pests, plant trapping, insect sex hormones and the like to prevent and control the main pests of the rice, avoids the use of chemical pesticides, protects the ecology of the farmland and realizes green prevention and control;
(4) according to the comprehensive green prevention and control method for the rice field diseases and insect pests, various biological pesticides including living bacteria or microbial fermentation extracts and the like are comprehensively applied, and prevention is carried out at the early stage of occurrence of the rice diseases and insect pests, so that the effective control of the diseases and insect pests is realized;
(5) the comprehensive green prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of the rice field avoids the use of chemical pesticides in the production process of rice, protects the ecological environment of the rice field and improves the quality of the rice.
Detailed Description
Examples
The comprehensive green prevention and control method for the diseases and the insect pests of the rice field comprises agricultural measures, biological prevention and control and green medicament prevention and control;
the agricultural measures comprise the following steps:
(1) and rice green crop rotation:
planting green manure plants after harvesting the rice; when the green manure plants grow to the full-bloom stage, carrying out rotary tillage and deep turning 45 days before rice planting, and irrigating, fermenting and decomposing for 30 days after carrying out rotary tillage and deep turning 15 days;
the green manure plants are astragalus sinicus and rape, and 1 jin of rape seeds and 4 jin of astragalus sinicus seeds are mixed and sown by an unmanned aerial vehicle in each mu during planting;
(2) breeding strong seedlings:
selecting disease and insect resistant high-quality rice varieties;
the rice variety selected for planting: seedling raising is carried out on a seedling tray, non-woven fabrics are covered for insect prevention and bird prevention, heat preservation and moisture preservation are carried out, the non-woven fabrics are removed after 14 days, and seedlings are obtained through cultivation;
spraying 500ml of functional microorganism liquid fertilizer containing silicon, zinc and the like to each mu of seedling bed 2 days before transplanting, and improving the stress resistance of the seedlings;
(3) and scientifically fertilizing:
applying 40kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer for each mu before transplanting;
in the tillering stage, urea is used as tillering fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer is used twice, the interval between the two times is 7-10 days, 5-10kg of fertilizer is applied for the first time, 10-15kg of fertilizer is applied for the second time, and the total use amount per mu is 20 kg;
using 25kg of compound fertilizer per mu when the panicle grows to 2-4 stages;
the biological prevention and control comprises the following steps:
(1) and releasing trichogramma in the field: releasing trichogramma in batches at the beginning of the full-blown period of the moth, wherein the release density is 1 ten thousand per mu, and the trichogramma is continuously released for 2-3 times at intervals of 3-5 days; throwing and applying trichogramma egg spherical releasers on the ridges, uniformly distributing the trichogramma egg spherical releasers in the rice field, and controlling the harm of rice field borers;
the trichogramma is a parasitic natural enemy of pest eggs, and can control pests such as rice leaf rollers, sesamia inferens and the like in rice fields;
(2) planting vetiver grass trapping: the vetiver grass is planted on the ridges of the paddy field, so that various borers can be effectively trapped and killed, the planting density of the vetiver grass is 3-5 plants planted in each hole, the distance between every two holes is 80cm, the imagoes are trapped to lay eggs in the peak period of the borers, and fed larvae are killed;
(3) planting the flowering plants: planting flowering plants in the gaps of the vetiver grass for conserving natural enemies such as various spiders and grass ages, and controlling pests by using the natural enemies;
the plant with flower is one or more of semen Sesami, semen glycines, flos Abelmoschi Manihot and sunflower;
(4) the sex attractant traps and kills pests: the sex pheromone of lepidoptera pests is utilized to trap and kill adults, reduce mating and yield and reduce damage caused by larvae; 3-6 traps are arranged on the edge of the ridge, and are arranged at intervals, and the lure core is replaced once a month; according to the peak period of the rice leaf roller, the chilo suppressalis and the pink moth, lure cores containing the sex pheromone of the rice leaf roller, the chilo suppressalis and the pink moth can be respectively selected and placed in a trap, so that the three pests are trapped, and the damage of egg laying and the next generation is reduced; until the pest is completely generated;
the green medicament control is specifically as follows: green biological agents are selected to prevent diseases and insect pests at the initial stage; the green biological agent is one or more of Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus subtilis, validamycin, spinetoram and kasugamycin.
The comprehensive green prevention and control method for the diseases and the insect pests of the rice field adopts systematic and comprehensive green prevention and control measures for different diseases and insect pests in the whole growing season of rice through agricultural measures, biological prevention and control, green medicaments and other methods, thereby achieving the aim of comprehensive green prevention and control of the diseases and the insect pests of the rice field.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A comprehensive green prevention and control method for rice field diseases and insect pests is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises agricultural measures, biological prevention and control and green medicament prevention and control;
the agricultural measures comprise the following steps:
(1) and rice green crop rotation:
planting green manure plants after harvesting the rice; when the green manure plants grow to the full-bloom stage, carrying out rotary tillage and deep turning 45 days before rice planting, and irrigating, fermenting and decomposing for 30 days after carrying out rotary tillage and deep turning 15 days;
(2) breeding strong seedlings:
selecting disease and insect resistant high-quality rice varieties;
the rice variety selected for planting: seedling raising is carried out on a seedling tray, non-woven fabrics are covered for insect prevention and bird prevention, heat preservation and moisture preservation are carried out, the non-woven fabrics are removed after 14 days, and seedlings are obtained through cultivation;
spraying 500ml of functional microorganism liquid fertilizer per mu of seedling bed 2 days before transplanting, and improving the stress resistance of the seedlings;
(3) and scientifically fertilizing:
applying 40kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer for each mu before transplanting;
in the tillering stage, urea is used as tillering fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer is used twice, the interval between the two times is 7-10 days, 5-10kg of fertilizer is applied for the first time, 10-15kg of fertilizer is applied for the second time, and the total use amount per mu is 20 kg;
using 25kg of compound fertilizer per mu when the panicle grows to 2-4 stages;
the biological prevention and control comprises the following steps:
(1) and releasing trichogramma in the field: releasing trichogramma in batches at the beginning of the full-blown period of the moth, wherein the release density is 1 ten thousand per mu, and the trichogramma is continuously released for 2-3 times at intervals of 3-5 days; throwing and applying trichogramma egg spherical releasers on the ridges, uniformly distributing the trichogramma egg spherical releasers in the rice field, and controlling the harm of rice field borers;
(2) planting vetiver grass trapping: the vetiver grass is planted on the ridges of the paddy field, so that various borers can be effectively trapped and killed, the planting density of the vetiver grass is 3-5 plants planted in each hole, the distance between every two holes is 80cm, the imagoes are trapped to lay eggs in the peak period of the borers, and fed larvae are killed;
(3) planting the flowering plants: planting flowering plants in the planting gaps of the vetiver grass for conserving natural enemies and controlling pests by using the natural enemies;
(4) the sex attractant traps and kills pests: the sex pheromone of lepidoptera pests is utilized to trap and kill adults, reduce mating and yield and reduce damage caused by larvae; 3-6 traps are arranged on the edge of the ridge, and are arranged at intervals, and the lure core is replaced once a month; according to the peak period of the rice leaf roller, the chilo suppressalis and the pink moth, lure cores containing the sex pheromone of the rice leaf roller, the chilo suppressalis and the pink moth can be respectively selected and placed in a trap, so that the three pests are trapped, and the damage of egg laying and the next generation is reduced;
the green medicament control is specifically as follows: the green biological agent is selected to prevent diseases and insect pests at the early stage of occurrence.
2. The comprehensive green prevention and control method for rice field diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1) of the agricultural measures, the green manure plants are astragalus sinicus and rape, and 1 jin of rape seeds and 4 jin of astragalus sinicus seeds are mixed and sown by an unmanned aerial vehicle in each mu during planting.
3. The comprehensive green prevention and control method for rice field diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3) of biological prevention and control, the flowering plant is one or more of sesame, soybean, okra and sunflower.
4. The comprehensive green prevention and control method for rice field diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the green medicament prevention and treatment, the green biological medicament is one or more of bacillus thuringiensis, beauveria bassiana, bacillus subtilis, validamycin, spinetoram and kasugamycin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110771735.4A CN113331011A (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | Comprehensive green prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests in rice field |
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| CN202110771735.4A CN113331011A (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | Comprehensive green prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests in rice field |
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| CN113331011A true CN113331011A (en) | 2021-09-03 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114303837A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-12 | 胡新明 | Planting method of green rice |
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2021
- 2021-07-08 CN CN202110771735.4A patent/CN113331011A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114303837A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-12 | 胡新明 | Planting method of green rice |
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Application publication date: 20210903 |