CN112314371A - Green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests - Google Patents
Green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests Download PDFInfo
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
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- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- AMNAZJFEONUVTD-KEWDHRJRSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5r,6r)-6-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[[(2s)-3-hydroxy-2-[[2-(methylamino)acetyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]oxane-2-carboxamide Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(N)=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1N1C(=O)N=C(N)C=C1 AMNAZJFEONUVTD-KEWDHRJRSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005886 Chlorantraniliprole Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005925 Pymetrozine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PSOVNZZNOMJUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorantraniliprole Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(C)=C1NC(=O)C1=CC(Br)=NN1C1=NC=CC=C1Cl PSOVNZZNOMJUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QHMTXANCGGJZRX-WUXMJOGZSA-N pymetrozine Chemical compound C1C(C)=NNC(=O)N1\N=C\C1=CC=CN=C1 QHMTXANCGGJZRX-WUXMJOGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004562 water dispersible granule Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001466042 Fulgoromorpha Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940097012 bacillus thuringiensis Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000034693 Laceration Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 n Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241001498622 Cixius wagneri Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004894 snout Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009277 landfarming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000002582 Oryza sativa Indica Group Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008467 Oryza sativa Japonica Group Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005941 Thiamethoxam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N thiamethoxam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C/1N(C)COCN\1CC1=CN=C(Cl)S1 NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention provides a green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps: selecting and treating soil: selecting dry land with high and dry topography and good drainage and on which rice is not planted for many years, cleaning residual fallen leaves and weeds on the soil, deeply turning the soil for 30-40cm for airing 20-25 days before sowing, disinfecting the soil by using 3-4kg of potassium permanganate per mu, and selecting seeds and treating; mechanically ploughing and transplanting rice seedlings; green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests; according to the invention, the pesticide is scientifically applied according to the occurrence of diseases and pests in the growth period of rice, the residue is less and the residue time is short, the use amount of the pesticide in the production process of the rice is reduced, and the occurrence of large-area diseases and pests in the rice is effectively controlled and prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests, and belongs to the technical field of disease and insect pest prevention and control.
Background
Rice is a cereal crop of the genus Oryza, is native to China and India, and has been grown seven thousand years ago by the precedents of the Yangtze river basin of China. The rice is classified into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice according to the rice type. The conventional rice and hybrid rice are classified according to the seed reserving mode. Other classifications, including paddy rice and floating rice, are made according to whether soilless culture is performed; dividing into season rice and 'lazy rice' according to the life cycle; the rice is divided into common rice and giant rice about 2 meters according to the height; the method is divided into common light rice and 'seawater rice' according to saline-alkali resistance. The rice is obtained by removing glume from rice, weighing brown rice, and grinding rice bran layer to obtain the final product. Approximately half of the world population uses rice as staple food. Besides being edible, the rice can also be used as industrial raw materials for brewing wine and making sugar, and the rice hulls and rice straws can be used as livestock feed. The main production areas of Chinese rice are Yangtze river basin, Zhujiang river basin and northeast region. The rice belongs to direct economic crops, the rice is staple food of Chinese residents, the planting area of the domestic rice is 2.45 hundred million mu of normal rice, and the planting area of the hybrid rice is 2 hundred million mu of hybrid rice. In recent years, the grain yield of China is continuously increased for many years, the yield per unit of grain is also improved year by year, but the resource consumption is greatly increased, the water quality of soil and a planting area is deteriorated, the sustainable development of rice production is not facilitated for a long time, and a central document I of every year provides a key technical action of green yield increase, so that the rice cultivation method provides help for scientific and green rice cultivation.
At present, most farmers in China pay attention to the yield of rice, and take the current economic benefit as a first target, so that various unhealthy planting methods and field management modes are adopted, for example, the soil quality is deteriorated due to the large use of chemical fertilizers, the control of irrigation is unclear, a large amount of water resources are wasted, due effects are not obtained, and the like, and if the green sustainable development of rice planting is realized, a more precise and scientific planting management technology is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and treating soil: selecting dry land with high and dry topography and good drainage and on which rice has not been planted for many years, cleaning residual fallen leaves and weeds on the soil, deeply turning the soil for 30-40cm for airing 20-25 days before sowing, and disinfecting the soil by using 3-4kg of potassium permanganate per mu;
(2) seed selection and treatment: selecting a rice variety with high yield, high resistance and excellent rice quality, soaking the rice variety with biogas slurry before sowing to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage, soaking the rice variety in warm water at 25-30 ℃ for 2-3h, soaking the rice variety in a solution of 10% potassium permanganate and 400 times of a new high-fat membrane at 50-60 ℃ for 13-18min, and treating the rice variety by adopting microwaves at normal pressure, wherein the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the microwave dose is 0.5-3.0w/g and the treatment time is 30-300s, the microwaves are pulse microwaves, the microwave pulse width is 300ms, and the intermission time is 200-400 ms;
(3) mechanized plowing and transplanting: draining water after 3-5 days of field soaking, and applying 1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate or 30 kg of compound fertilizer in combination with the field ploughing, wherein N is P2O5, K2O is 15:15: 15; then, ploughing the soil by using a tractor, controlling the ploughing depth to be 15-20cm, then transplanting seedlings by adopting a seedling transplanter with a depth measuring and fertilizing device, applying base fertilizer to the roots of the seedlings in the seedling transplanting process, watering after sowing, and keeping water for 2 days; keeping soil moist before the three-leaf period, applying 7.5 kg of tillering fertilizer urea per mu before and after the three-leaf period, applying 12.5 kg of tillering fertilizer urea after 10 days, applying 10 kg of spike fertilizer urea, and applying 4-5 kg of flowering granular fertilizer urea during the booting period by adopting an intermittent irrigation method;
(4) green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: the method comprises the following steps:
a, breeding ducklings in a rice field 7-8 days after rice transplanting, controlling the number of the ducklings in the rice field to be 10-12 per mu, collecting the ducklings before the rice is cracked and ear-plucked, arranging insect-attracting lamps in the field, installing 1 lamp in each 30-40 mu, arranging the ducks in a # -shape, turning on the lamps after dark days, turning off the lamps at 1 morning, and periodically cleaning insect ash;
b, a closing-off period, wherein the closing-off period of the rice is from a full incubation period of the borers and rice leaf rollers in the field to an initial stage of low-age larvae, a high nymph period of rice planthoppers and an initial period of rice blast and sheath blight, the prevention and the control are carried out by adopting bacillus thuringiensis, and meanwhile, the prevention and the control are carried out by mixing a bacillus subtilis preparation;
and C, a large embryo laceration period which is the period with the most abundant nutrition for rice growth and mainly prevents and treats borers, rice planthoppers, spike blast, sheath blight and false smut, wherein each mu of rice is prepared from 20 mass percent of chlorantraniliprole suspending agent and 80 mass percent of water dispersible granules of the pymetrozine, and is simultaneously mixed with the ningnanmycin and the bacillus subtilis for comprehensive prevention and treatment, each mu of rice is prepared from 10-15mL of the 20 mass percent of the chlorantraniliprole suspending agent and 5-10g of the 80 mass percent of the water dispersible granules of the pymetrozine, and is also mixed with 45-50mL of 8 mass percent of ningnanmycin aqueous solution and 8-15g of 1000 viable spores/g of bacillus subtilis wettable powder, and each mu of rice is diluted by 40-50kg of water and sprayed.
Furthermore, 8000-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the disease and pest occurrence condition in the rice growth period, the pesticide is scientifically applied, the residue is less, the residue time is short, the use amount of the pesticide in the rice production process is reduced, and the disease and pest occurrence in a large area of rice is effectively controlled and prevented.
(2) The invention applies the green prevention and control technology, can effectively popularize and use high-efficiency low-toxicity environment-friendly chemical pesticides and biological pesticides, can carry out the integrated control of rice plant diseases and insect pests, reduces the pesticide use amount, improves the pesticide effect, reduces the pesticide pollution and effectively promotes the cleaning of a field. The rice has safe quality and no pollution, improves the yield of the rice, increases the yield by more than 5 percent per mu, can increase the yield by 45-60kg, and can effectively inhibit diseases by more than 97 percent.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1: a green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and treating soil: selecting dry land with high and dry topography and good drainage and on which rice is not planted for many years, cleaning residual fallen leaves and weeds on the soil, deeply turning over the soil for 30cm for airing 20 days before sowing, and disinfecting the soil by 3kg of potassium permanganate per mu;
(2) seed selection and treatment: selecting a rice variety with high yield, high resistance and excellent rice quality, soaking the rice variety with biogas slurry before sowing to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in a seedling stage, soaking the rice variety with warm water at 25 ℃ for 2h, soaking the rice variety in a solution of 10% potassium permanganate at 50 ℃ and a new high-fat film 400 times for 13min, and treating the rice variety by adopting microwaves at normal pressure, wherein the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the microwave dose is 0.5w/g, the treatment time is 30s, the microwaves are pulse microwaves, the microwave pulse width is 100ms, and the intermittent time is 200 ms;
(3) mechanized plowing and transplanting: draining water after 3-5 days of field soaking, and applying 1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate or 30 kg of compound fertilizer in combination with the land farming, wherein N is P2O5, K2 is 2O, and the ratio is 15:15: 15; then, ploughing the soil by using a tractor, controlling the ploughing depth to be 15cm, then transplanting seedlings by adopting a seedling transplanter with a depth measuring and fertilizing device, applying base fertilizer to the roots of the seedlings in the seedling transplanting process, watering after sowing, and keeping water for 2 days; keeping soil moist before the three-leaf period, applying 7.5 kg of tillering fertilizer urea per mu before and after the three-leaf period, applying 12.5 kg of tillering fertilizer urea after 10 days, applying 10 kg of spike fertilizer urea, and applying 4-5 kg of flowering granular fertilizer urea during the booting period by adopting an intermittent irrigation method;
(4) green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: the method comprises the following steps:
a, breeding ducklings in a rice field 7 days after rice transplanting, controlling the number of the ducklings in 10 per mu, collecting the ducks before the rice is cracked and ear-pulled, arranging trap lamps in the field, installing 1 lamp in each 30 mu, arranging the lamps in a # -shape, turning on the lamps after dark, turning off the lamps at 1 am, and periodically cleaning insect ash;
b, a row-closing period, wherein the row-closing period of rice is from a full incubation period of snout moth's larva and rice leaf roller eggs in the field to an initial stage of low-age larvae, a high-outbreak period of rice planthopper nymphs and an initiation period of rice blast and sheath blight, bacillus thuringiensis is adopted for prevention and treatment, meanwhile, a bacillus subtilis preparation is mixed for prevention and treatment, 8000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder is adopted in the row-closing period, the dosage per mu is 120g, water is added for spraying by 40kg, 8-15g of bacillus subtilis wettable powder with 1000 hundred million live spores/g is adopted per mu of the bacillus subtilis preparation, and water is added for uniformly spraying by 40-60 kg;
and C, a large embryo laceration period which is the period with the most abundant nutrition for rice growth and mainly prevents and treats borers, rice planthoppers, spike blast, sheath blight and false smut, wherein each mu adopts 20% by mass of a chlorantraniliprole suspending agent and 80% by mass of water dispersible granules of the pymetrozine, and simultaneously mixes the ningnanmycin and the bacillus subtilis for comprehensive prevention and treatment, each mu adopts 10mL of the 20% by mass of the chlorantraniliprole suspending agent and 5g of the 80% by mass of the water dispersible granules of the pymetrozine, and also mixes the 20 mL of the 8% by mass of the ningnanmycin aqueous solution and 8g of 1000 hundred million of viable spore/g bacillus wettable powder, and each mu is diluted by 40kg of water and sprayed.
Example 2: a green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and treating soil: selecting dry land with high and dry topography and good drainage and on which rice is not planted for many years, cleaning residual fallen leaves and weeds on the soil, deeply turning over the soil for 40cm 25 days before sowing, airing, and disinfecting the soil by using 4kg of potassium permanganate per mu;
(2) seed selection and treatment: selecting a rice variety with high yield, high resistance and excellent rice quality, soaking the rice variety with biogas slurry before sowing to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage, soaking the rice variety with warm water at 30 ℃ for 3h, soaking the rice variety in a solution of 10% potassium permanganate at 60 ℃ and a new high-fat film 400 times for 18min, and treating the rice variety by adopting microwaves at normal pressure, wherein the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the microwave dose is 3.0w/g, the treatment time is 300s, the microwaves are pulse microwaves, the microwave pulse width is 300ms, and the intermittent time is 400 ms;
(3) mechanized plowing and transplanting: draining water after 3-5 days of field soaking, and applying 1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate or 30 kg of compound fertilizer in combination with the land farming, wherein N is P2O5, K2 is 2O, and the ratio is 15:15: 15; then, ploughing the soil by using a tractor, controlling the ploughing depth to be 20cm, then transplanting seedlings by adopting a seedling transplanting machine with a depth measuring and fertilizing device, applying base fertilizer to the roots of the seedlings in the seedling transplanting process, watering after sowing, and keeping water for 2 days; keeping the soil moist before the three-leaf period, applying 7.5 kg of tillering fertilizer urea per mu before and after the three-leaf period, applying 12.5 kg of tillering fertilizer urea after 10 days, applying 10 kg of spike fertilizer urea, and applying 5kg of flowering granular fertilizer urea during the booting period by adopting an intermittent irrigation method;
(4) green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: the method comprises the following steps:
a, breeding ducklings in a rice field 8 days after rice transplanting, controlling the number of the ducklings in 12 per mu, collecting the ducks before the rice is cracked and ear-pulled, arranging trap lamps in the field, installing 1 lamp in each 40 mu, arranging the lamps in a # -shape, turning on the lamps after dark, turning off the lamps at 1 am, and periodically cleaning insect ash;
b, a closing-line period, wherein the closing-line period of rice is from a full incubation period of snout moth's larva and rice leaf roller eggs in the field to an initial stage of low-age larvae, a high outbreak period of rice planthopper nymphs and an initiation period of rice blast and sheath blight, bacillus thuringiensis is adopted for prevention and treatment, meanwhile, a bacillus subtilis preparation is mixed for prevention and treatment, 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder is adopted in the closing-line period, the dosage per mu is 180g, 55kg of water is added for spraying, and the bacillus subtilis preparation adopts 15g of bacillus subtilis wettable powder with 1000 hundred million live spores/g per mu and 60kg of water is added for uniformly spraying;
and C, a large embryo laceration period which is the period with the most abundant nutrition for rice growth and mainly prevents and treats borers, rice planthoppers, spike blast, sheath blight and false smut, wherein each mu adopts 20% by mass of a chlorantraniliprole suspending agent and 80% by mass of water dispersible granules of the pymetrozine, and simultaneously mixes the Ningnanmycin and the bacillus subtilis for comprehensive prevention and treatment, each mu adopts 15mL by mass of the chlorantraniliprole suspending agent and 10g by mass of 80% by mass of water dispersible granules of the pymetrozine, and also mixes the Ningnanmycin with 50mL by mass of 8% by mass of a Ningnanmycin aqueous solution, and 15g by mass of 1000 million live spores/g of bacillus subtilis wettable powder, and the Ningnanmycin is diluted by 50kg of water and sprayed.
The method is used for preventing and treating the rice according to different growth periods of the rice, after the rice is transplanted for 8 days, ducklings are put in the rice field, the number of the ducklings per mu is controlled to be 12, the ducks are harvested before the rice is cut open and heading, meanwhile, trap lamps are arranged in the field, 1 lamp is installed in each 40 mu, the well-shaped arrangement is adopted, the thiamethoxam seed coating agent is used in the seedling stage, the environment is not easily polluted, the root system growth and development of the root system are promoted, the plant growth is promoted to prevent and treat the rice planthopper, borer, seedling blight and damping off, the invasion is more than 99 percent, deep water irrigation is needed to kill pupa and borer, and rotten farmyard manure is applied in winter, the fertility of the rice field is favorably increased, and the growth, the disease resistance of; when rice enters a closed-line period, from a full incubation period of snout moth's larva and rice leaf roller eggs in the field to an initial stage of low-age larvae, a high-outbreak period of rice planthopper nymphs and an initial period of rice blast and sheath blight, spraying is prevented and controlled by adopting bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder and bacillus subtilis wettable powder, so that the environment is not polluted, the rice is safe to crops, and diseases and insect pests can be prevented and controlled by more than 90%; the crop breaking period is the period of the most abundant nutrition development and growth of the rice, the rice planthopper migrates frequently to prevent and treat borers, rice planthoppers, spike stalk blast, sheath blight and false smut, the disease and pest source base number is comprehensively prevented, reduced, the later-stage prevention pressure is relieved, the disease and pest diseases can be prevented and treated by more than 96%, the rice yield is increased by 4-8%, the rice mu yield is increased, and the traditional rice planting annual mu yield is calculated by 750 plus 850 kg.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. A green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and treating soil: selecting dry land with high and dry topography and good drainage and on which rice has not been planted for many years, cleaning residual fallen leaves and weeds on the soil, deeply turning the soil for 30-40cm for airing 20-25 days before sowing, and disinfecting the soil by using 3-4kg of potassium permanganate per mu;
(2) seed selection and treatment: selecting a rice variety with high yield, high resistance and excellent rice quality, soaking the rice variety with biogas slurry before sowing to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage, soaking the rice variety in warm water at 25-30 ℃ for 2-3h, soaking the rice variety in a solution of 10% potassium permanganate and 400 times of a new high-fat membrane at 50-60 ℃ for 13-18min, and treating the rice variety by adopting microwaves at normal pressure, wherein the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the microwave dose is 0.5-3.0w/g and the treatment time is 30-300s, the microwaves are pulse microwaves, the microwave pulse width is 300ms, and the intermission time is 200-400 ms;
(3) mechanized plowing and transplanting: draining water after 3-5 days of field soaking, and applying 1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate or 30 kg of compound fertilizer in combination with the field ploughing, wherein N is P2O5, K2O is 15:15: 15; then, ploughing the soil by using a tractor, controlling the ploughing depth to be 15-20cm, then transplanting seedlings by adopting a seedling transplanter with a depth measuring and fertilizing device, applying base fertilizer to the roots of the seedlings in the seedling transplanting process, watering after sowing, and keeping water for 2 days; keeping soil moist before the three-leaf period, applying 7.5 kg of tillering fertilizer urea per mu before and after the three-leaf period, applying 12.5 kg of tillering fertilizer urea after 10 days, applying 10 kg of spike fertilizer urea, and applying 4-5 kg of flowering granular fertilizer urea during the booting period by adopting an intermittent irrigation method;
(4) green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: the method comprises the following steps:
a, breeding ducklings in a rice field 7-8 days after rice transplanting, controlling the number of the ducklings in the rice field to be 10-12 per mu, collecting the ducklings before the rice is cracked and ear-plucked, arranging insect-attracting lamps in the field, installing 1 lamp in each 30-40 mu, arranging the ducks in a # -shape, turning on the lamps after dark days, turning off the lamps at 1 morning, and periodically cleaning insect ash;
b, a closing-off period, wherein the closing-off period of the rice is from a full incubation period of the borers and rice leaf rollers in the field to an initial stage of low-age larvae, a high nymph period of rice planthoppers and an initial period of rice blast and sheath blight, the prevention and the control are carried out by adopting bacillus thuringiensis, and meanwhile, the prevention and the control are carried out by mixing a bacillus subtilis preparation;
and C, a large embryo laceration period which is the period with the most abundant nutrition for rice growth and mainly prevents and treats borers, rice planthoppers, spike blast, sheath blight and false smut, wherein each mu of rice is prepared from 20 mass percent of chlorantraniliprole suspending agent and 80 mass percent of water dispersible granules of the pymetrozine, and is simultaneously mixed with the ningnanmycin and the bacillus subtilis for comprehensive prevention and treatment, each mu of rice is prepared from 10-15mL of the 20 mass percent of the chlorantraniliprole suspending agent and 5-10g of the 80 mass percent of the water dispersible granules of the pymetrozine, and is also mixed with 45-50mL of 8 mass percent of ningnanmycin aqueous solution and 8-15g of 1000 viable spores/g of bacillus subtilis wettable powder, and each mu of rice is diluted by 40-50kg of water and sprayed.
2. The green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the bacillus subtilis preparation is characterized in that 8000-.
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