CN105935035A - Mechanical water direct sowing culture method for rice in slight alkaline land in Yellow River Delta - Google Patents
Mechanical water direct sowing culture method for rice in slight alkaline land in Yellow River Delta Download PDFInfo
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- CN105935035A CN105935035A CN201610463215.6A CN201610463215A CN105935035A CN 105935035 A CN105935035 A CN 105935035A CN 201610463215 A CN201610463215 A CN 201610463215A CN 105935035 A CN105935035 A CN 105935035A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical water direct sowing culture method for rice in slight alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta. The method comprises the steps of variety selection, land preparation, sowing, water management, fertilization, weeding and disease and pest control. Before sowing, rice seeds are soaked for accelerating germination till revealing; sowing is conducted when the average temperature is at 12 DEG C or above stably in May; it is required that the soil salinity is below 3%o; a 5-10-cm water layer is built in a field in the sowing process, and the root systems of reeds are fished and removed after irrigation; a mechanical broadcast sower is used for broadcast sowing, and the sowing quantity is 12-13 kg/mu; after sowing and before emergence of seedlings, the 5-10-cm water layer is kept; after emergence of seedlings, water is drained immediately. The method is directed to medium and slight alkaline land; compared with an existing mechanical dry direct sowing culture method for rice, the requirement for salt and alkali is low, time and labor are saved, and meanwhile, the method has a higher yield increase advantage and has great significance in alkaline land improvement, agricultural production efficiency improvement and food crop yield increase.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural method, belong to
Agricultural technology field.
Background technology
There is low yield in nearly 8,000,000 mu of salt-soda soils not utilized and more than 1,100 ten thousand mu in Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta district
Field urgently develops.Oryza sativa L. is the pioneer crop in improvement salt-soda soil.By rice cultivation, develop salt
Alkali ground, fully excavates the yield potential of middle-and-low-yielding fields, sets up the Rice Production technical system of ecological efficient, energy
Effectively facilitate the agricultural sustainable development in Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta district.
The many people in ground, Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta district are few, and rural labour is deficient, manually educate rice transplanting cost height, and Oryza sativa L. is raw
Produce light simplification, mechanization is inevitable trend.Present invention applicant applied for a kind of the Yellow River triangle in 2015
Continent rice in saline-alkali field machinery direct-sowing dry cultural method (number of patent application 201510388461.5), the method includes
Fruit variety, whole, sowing, water management, fertilising, prevention and control of weeds and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Its kind
Select the kind that Saline alkali tolerance is good, germinating energy is strong, resistant to lodging；Sowing time is mid or late May, and dry seeds is broadcast
Amount of planting is for 8-9kg/ mu；Water supply-demand equilibrium is after planting poured water, draining immediately after seed suctions water；Crop smothering is prevented
Control preventing and treating phragmites communis before first sowing；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control needs to prevent and treat red line worm.The method have save time, saving of labor,
The plurality of advantages such as water saving, cost-effective, potentiation, but the method is only applicable to slight alkaline land, before sowing
Soil salt content requires below 2 ‰.
Paddy machinery water direct seeding refers to that seed rice, without nursery, transplanting, carries out machine in the case of setting up certain water layer
Tool seeding operation, eliminates the link such as nursery, rice transplanting, and compared with conventional manual's rice transplanting, production efficiency is big
Width improves, and production cost significantly reduces, and is a kind of efficient cropping pattern, have save time, saving of labor, abridged edition
The plurality of advantages such as potentiation, have broad application prospects.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing
Cultural method, the method, for mild or moderate salt-soda soil, compares existing paddy machinery direct-sowing dry cultural method,
Low to saline and alkaline requirement, save time, saving of labor, there is higher volume increase advantage simultaneously, for improvement salt-soda soil,
Improve agricultural production efficiency, increase cereal crops yield is significant.
The technical scheme is that a kind of mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultivation side, the Huanghe delta
Method, is characterized in that,
(1) Fruit variety
Selection germinating energy is strong, resistant to lodging, the kind of Salt And Alkali Tolerance；
(2) wholely
Ploughed before winter, rotary tillage 1-2 time again in spring, carry out water leveling after upper water, same plot difference of height is less than
3cm；
(3) sowing
Before sowing, first by seed rice presoaking and germinating to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；When May, temperature on average was stablized more than 12 DEG C
Sowing；Require that soil salt content should be below 3 ‰；During sowing, 5-10cm water layer is set up in field；Use machinery
Seed broadcaster broadcasts sowing, and application rate is 12-13kg/ mu, and the amplitude of broadcasting sowing is 11-13 rice；
(4) water management
After planting before emerging, keep 5-10cm water layer；Draining immediately after emerging, kept soil to tri-leaf period
Moistening；Before tri-leaf period to boot stage, take Surge Irrigation water law, alternation of wetting and drying；Boot stage and blooming stage, field
Between keep shoaling layer；Pustulation period takes Surge Irrigation water law, alternation of wetting and drying；Results are cut off the water the last week；
(5) fertilising
Base fertilizer: mu executes the fertilizer 1300-1500kg become thoroughly decomposed, and mu executes Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 18-22kg；
Topdressing: execute carbamide 7-8kg/ mu tri-leaf period, execute carbamide 12-18kg/ mu after 10 days, the jointing stage should take the circumstances into consideration
Shaoshi is fertile (every mu of carbamide amount of application controls at 6-10kg)；
(6) weeding
A. before sowing, phragmites communis processes: go up phragmites communis with clearing, after pouring water during nonirrigated farmland employing rotary cultivator rotary tillage soil in spring
The root system of Salvage and Wreck Removal phragmites communis；
B. stem and leaf processes: after Oryza sativa L. tri-leaf period, uses penoxsuam to prevent and treat barnyard grass, annual sedge weed
In weeds；
(7) insect pest preventing and controlling
Disease control: mainly prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and rice blast；
Pest control: main preventing and treating red line worm, striped rice borer, rice leaf roller.
Preferably, soil salt can be made by the way of washing salinity by irrigation for moderate saline-alkali soil (3 ‰～4.5 ‰)
Content is divided to be reduced to less than 3 ‰.
The selection of described rice paddy seed: select germination percentage and germinating energy seed rice more than 90%；Then through basking seeds,
Muddy water floating method is chosen seeds.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) comparing nonirrigated farmland live, paddy machinery water direct seeding cultural method of the present invention is low to saline and alkaline requirement, broadcasts
Require before Zhong that soil salt content can should pass through for moderate saline-alkali soil (3 ‰～4.5 ‰) below 3 ‰
The mode of washing salinity by irrigation, makes soil salt content be reduced to less than 3 ‰, can while carrying out Oryza sativa L. water direct seeding
Effectively improveing moderate saline-alkali soil, therefore the present invention is wider in the suitability in Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta district.Simultaneously
The Suitable Sowing Period of water direct seeding is longer than direct-sowing dry, is more suitable for large-area agricultural production；Going out of water direct seeding Oryza sativa L.
Seedling rate is of a relatively high with planting percent, and the risk in agricultural production is relatively low.
(2) present invention is at late growth stage of rice Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, it is possible to decrease the risk of lodging.The present invention is also simultaneously
The thoroughly root system of Salvage and Wreck Removal phragmites communis, reduces the phragmites communis contention to nutrient, alleviates greatly rice growth
Adverse effect.
(3) present invention sowing keeps 5-10cm water layer before emerging, and water layer bottom temp can not only be kept constant,
Prevent the low temperature harm to seed rice, and can effectively prevent soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil alkali, it is ensured that higher emergence rate with become
Seedling rate.
(4) paddy machinery water direct seeding cultural method is applied to salt-soda soil by the present invention, and from the selection of kind,
Wholely, sowing, water management, fertilising, the aspect such as weeding improved, define a set of being specifically designed for
The corresponding cultivation techniques of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultivation, thus to this area
Peasant planting Oryza sativa L. provide technical support.During the method is particularly suited for, slight alkaline land, can effectively wash
Salt pressure alkali, also have save time, saving of labor, the plurality of advantages such as cost-saving synergistic, and, for the soil in salt-soda soil
Improvement, raising agricultural production efficiency, increase cereal crops yield are significant.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
1. Fruit variety
Period of duration is suitable, germinating energy is strong, resistant to lodging, the kind of Salt And Alkali Tolerance in selection.This example varieties of plant:
Holy rice 19.
The most wholely
Ploughed before winter, rotary tillage 1-2 time again in spring, carry out water leveling after pouring water.The plot that area is big will be by building
Ridge, separately, ridge width 50-60cm, after dividing by ridge in the plot differed greatly by height, it is desirable to soil
Ground is smooth, and same plot difference of height is less than 3cm, the water management unified to ensure field.
3. sowing
3.1 accelerating germination
First 3.11 carry out germination percentage to seed rice measures with germinating energy, selects germination percentage and germinating energy more than 90%
Seed rice.
First bask seeds before 3.12 sowings 1-2d, removes the foreign material such as delimbing stalk dead leaf.
3.13 bask seeds after choose seeds.Use the seed selection of muddy water floating method, pull floating blighted grain out, after seed selection, use clear water
Eluriate, remove the mud outside rice husk.
After 3.14 seed selections, seed rice is carried out presoaking and germinating, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed.
3.2 sowing times: May, when the stable suitable sowing more than 12 DEG C of temperature on average.Late variety can be suitable
Early sowing, early-maturing variety can suitable late sowing.During sowing require soil salt content should below 3 ‰ (slight alkaline land
Directly sowing, can make soil salt for moderate saline-alkali soil (3 ‰～4.5 ‰) by the way of washing salinity by irrigation
Content is reduced to less than 3 ‰).During sowing, 5-10cm water layer is set up in field, if temperature is relatively low during sowing, can fit
When increasing field water layer depth.Using machinery seed broadcaster to broadcast sowing, application rate is 12-13kg/ mu, broadcasts sowing width
Degree is 12 meters.Use is broadcasted sowing and to be adjusted machinery before machinery broadcasts sowing, and machinery is adjusted to the required amount of broadcasting
With sown scope.
4. water management
After planting before emerging, keep 5-10cm water layer；Draining immediately after emerging, kept soil to 3 leaf phases
Moistening, the most beneficially soil is penetrating, and the most beneficially Oryza sativa L. takes root, and prevents again the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil simultaneously；Tri-leaf period
To boot stage, take Surge Irrigation water law, alternation of wetting and drying；Boot stage and blooming stage, field keeps shoaling layer；
Pustulation period takes Surge Irrigation water law, alternation of wetting and drying；Results are cut off the water the last week.
5. fertilising
Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta nitrogen starved plot, phosphorus deficiency, lack organic matter, therefore fertilising time should strengthen nitrogenous fertilizer,
Phosphate fertilizer, organic input.
Base fertilizer: mu executes the fertilizer 1300-1500kg become thoroughly decomposed；Mu executes 20kg Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；
Topdressing: execute carbamide 7.5kg/ mu tri-leaf period, execute carbamide 15kg/ mu after 10 days, the jointing stage should take the circumstances into consideration Shaoshi
Fertile (every mu of carbamide amount of application controls at 8-10kg).
6. weeding
Before sowing, phragmites communis processes: go up phragmites communis with clearing, after pouring water during nonirrigated farmland employing rotary cultivator rotary tillage soil in spring
The root system of Salvage and Wreck Removal phragmites communis, in order to avoid phragmites communis continued growth after setting up water layer, affects rice seedling；
Stem and leaf processes: after Oryza sativa L. tri-leaf period, uses penoxsuam (2.5% penoxsuam oil-suspending agent)
40-80ml, every mu is watered 30-40 kilogram of even spraying, prevents and treats the weeds such as barnyard grass, annual sedge weed.
7. insect pest preventing and controlling
7.1 disease control
Rice blast: Control stage is cut phase and heading stage, pesticide control is 20% tricyclazole wettable powder
75-100 gram, every mu is watered 30-40 kilogram of even spraying.
Banded sclerotial blight: Control stage is late tillering state and boot stage, pesticide control is 5% jingganmycin water preparation
200-250ml, every mu is watered 30-40 kilogram of even spraying.
7.2 pest control
Red line worm: Control stage is mid or late May, pesticide control is chlopyrifos, 40% chlorpyrifos ec
80-100ml, every mu is watered 30-40 kilogram of even spraying.
Striped rice borer: pesticide control is for using 40% chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam moisture granule 8-10 gram, often
Mu is watered 30-40 kilogram of even spraying.
Rice leaf roller: pesticide control is 20% Rynaxypyr suspending agent 5-10ml, and every mu is watered 30-40
Kilogram even spraying.
This cultivation technique is used to test at Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta in 2015.Oryza sativa L. average index is such as
Shown in table 1.
Table 1 uses the Oryza sativa L. index of the method
As can be seen from Table 1: the cultural method application rate of the present invention is big, and number of productive ear is higher with yield.Card
The method of the bright present invention is the practicable method of mild or moderate salt-soda soil, a kind of applicable Huanghe delta plantation.
Claims (3)
1. a Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural method, is characterized in that,
(1) Fruit variety
Selection germinating energy is strong, resistant to lodging, the kind of Salt And Alkali Tolerance；
(2) wholely
Ploughed before winter, rotary tillage 1-2 time again in spring, carry out water leveling after pouring water, same plot difference of height is less than
3cm；
(3) sowing
Before sowing, first by seed rice presoaking and germinating to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；When May, temperature on average was stablized more than 12 DEG C
Sowing；Require that soil salt content should be below 3 ‰；During sowing, 5-10cm water layer is set up in field；Use machinery
Seed broadcaster broadcasts sowing, and application rate is 12-13kg/ mu, and the amplitude of broadcasting sowing is 11-13 rice；
(4) water management
After planting before emerging, keep 5-10cm water layer；Draining immediately after emerging, kept soil to tri-leaf period
Moistening；Before tri-leaf period to boot stage, take Surge Irrigation water law, alternation of wetting and drying；Boot stage and blooming stage, field
Between keep shoaling layer；Pustulation period takes Surge Irrigation water law, alternation of wetting and drying；Results are cut off the water the last week；
(5) fertilising
Base fertilizer: mu executes the fertilizer 1300-1500kg become thoroughly decomposed, and mu executes Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 18-22kg；
Topdressing: execute carbamide 7-8kg/ mu tri-leaf period, execute carbamide 12-18kg/ mu after 10 days, the jointing stage applies fertilizer
6-10kg；
(6) weeding
A. before sowing, phragmites communis processes: go up phragmites communis with clearing, after pouring water during nonirrigated farmland employing rotary cultivator rotary tillage soil in spring
The root system of Salvage and Wreck Removal phragmites communis；
B. stem and leaf processes: after Oryza sativa L. tri-leaf period, uses penoxsuam controlling weeds；
(7) insect pest preventing and controlling
Disease control: mainly prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and rice blast；
Pest control: main preventing and treating red line worm, striped rice borer, rice leaf roller.
2. a kind of Huanghe delta as claimed in claim 1 mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultivation
Method, is characterized in that, for moderate saline-alkali soil by the way of washing salinity by irrigation, makes soil salt content reduce
To less than 3 ‰.
3. a kind of Huanghe delta as claimed in claim 1 or 2 mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing
Cultural method, being chosen as of described rice paddy seed: select germination percentage and germinating energy seed rice more than 90%；
Then through basking seeds, muddy water floating method seed selection.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109220651A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-18 | 长江大学 | A kind of cultural method that Direct-seeding Rice is resistant to lodging |
| CN110122229A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-16 | 江苏省沿海开发(东台)有限公司 | A kind of direct sowing of rice field planting method suitable for strand shallow lake slurry type aleuritic texture salt-soda soil |
| CN112314371A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 湄潭县宫廷香米业有限责任公司 | Green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests |
| CN113854074A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-31 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil through mechanical throwing |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109220651A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-18 | 长江大学 | A kind of cultural method that Direct-seeding Rice is resistant to lodging |
| CN110122229A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-16 | 江苏省沿海开发(东台)有限公司 | A kind of direct sowing of rice field planting method suitable for strand shallow lake slurry type aleuritic texture salt-soda soil |
| CN112314371A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 湄潭县宫廷香米业有限责任公司 | Green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests |
| CN113854074A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-31 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil through mechanical throwing |
| CN113854074B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-03-17 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil through mechanical throwing |
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