CN104871678A - Method for improving saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
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- CN104871678A CN104871678A CN201510301341.7A CN201510301341A CN104871678A CN 104871678 A CN104871678 A CN 104871678A CN 201510301341 A CN201510301341 A CN 201510301341A CN 104871678 A CN104871678 A CN 104871678A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil. The method includes selecting saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer comprising coal with not less than 40% of humic acid, organic farmyard manure, rhizobium manure and fulvic acid potassium; ploughing the soil and applying the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer; applying base fertilizer; irrigating the soil; soaking rice seeds in warm water until the seeds are cracked, sowing the seeds after water in the field evaporates and the soil layer is exposed, and irrigating the soil after the rice seeds take root; performing topdressing, and applying the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and earing nourishing fertilizer according to seedling conditions, water quality and soil quality. The method has the advantages that salt-alkali resistant rice varieties are combined with the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer organically, the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer can meet nutrition requirements for rice growth, reasonable matching is achieved, raw materials used are from extensive minerals and industrial and agricultural waste, low cost and high pertinence are realized, improvement cost is reduced, and technical popularization and promotion are benefited.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to using land field, specifically, relate to a kind of method improveing saline land.
Background technology
Ploughing day by day to reduce and become a global difficult problem, develop Coastal beach ground, saline land, inland, make full use of existing resource, is a good selection.China's arable area is limited, and all kinds of Coastal beach ground, saline land, inland (because of Coastal beach be different from general arable land with saline land, inland reason be all salt content large, be difficult to cultivate, so hereafter Coastal beach is referred to as saline land with saline land, inland) about there are more than more than 9,900 ten thousand hectares, saline and alkaline more than 3 ‰, the saline land of less than 8 ‰ is because salt content is large, idle, utilized reluctantly, utilized reluctantly, its output also very low, economic benefit is very bad.Saline land is utilizing in the middle of process, can be divided into light saline land, moderate saline-alkali soil and heavy saline.Light saline land refers to that its emergence rate is 70%-80%, and its salt content is below 3/1000ths; Heavy saline refers to that its salt content is more than 6/1000ths, and emergence rate is lower than 50%; This block middle is exactly that (be expressed as by pH value: slight alkaline land pH value is: 7.1-8.5, moderate saline-alkali soil pH value is moderate saline-alkali soil: 8.5-9.5, and heavy salinized ground pH value is: more than 9.5).
Various saline-alkali soil is all formed under certain natural conditions, and its essence formed mainly various ease of solubility salt does redistributing of horizontal direction and vertical direction on ground, thus the upper soll layer that salinity is collecting salt area is built up.The principal element affecting saline-alkali soil formation has:
1, weather conditions: in arid, the semiarid zone in China northeast, northwest, North China, precipitation is little, evaporation discharge is large, and the salinity be dissolved in water easily gathers at upper soll layer.Summer rainwater is many and concentrated, and great amount of soluble salt is seeped into lower floor with water or flows away, and Here it is " desalination " season; Spring, evaporation from topsoil was strong, and the salinity in underground water rises with capillary water and is gathered in upper soll layer, and this is main " accumulation of salt in the surface soil " season.The saline-alkali soil of northeast, North China, semiarid zone has significantly " desalination " " accumulation of salt in the surface soil " season, and the Northwest, because precipitation is little, the seasonal variety of soil salt is not obvious.
2, geographical conditions: the formation impact of landform positions height on saline-alkali soil is very large, landform height directly affects the motion of surface water and groundwater, also just with the moving and accumulate substantial connection, from megarelief of salinity, water soluble salt moves from high to lower with water, gathers in low lying areas.Saline-alkali soil is mainly distributed in the region of no relief of interior basin, intermountain depression and smooth impeded drainage, Plain as distant in pine.From ninor feature (in subrange), antithesis, salinity often accumulates in the little convex place of local for salt accumulation in soil situation and megarelief.
3, the soil texture and underground water: quality thickness can affect the speed of soil capillary water motion and height, and the general loamy soil capillary water rate of climb is very fast, highly also high, sand and clay salification are all slow.The key issue of influence on groundwater soil alkaline is the height of subterranean water level and the size of the degree of mineralization of ground water, and subterranean water level is high, and salinity is large, easy salification.
4, river and extra large water mitigation: the soil of river and channel both sides, makes subterranean water level raise because river side is oozed, impel salification.Coastal area, because of Seawater immersion, can form coastal saline-alkali soil.
5, cultivation management is improper: broad irrigation time watering in some place, or low laying areas is only filled with and do not arranged, so that subterranean water level rises and salification very soon, makes original to become well saline land, and this process is secondary salinization.For preventing secondary salinization, water conservancy projects wants irrigation and drainage supporting, forbids broad irrigation, wants timely hoe after pouring water.
The basic reason that saline-alkali soil is formed is that water regime is bad, so at the improvement initial stage, emphasis should be placed on and improve above water regime of soil.A general point a few step is carried out: first salt discharge, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, reduction soil salt content; Plant the plant of Salt And Alkali Tolerance again, fertilizing soil; Last long-term cropping.But a kind of effective comprehensive processing method of science is not improved saline land in prior art, the aspect only taking one of them little is administered, and cures the symptoms, not the disease, fundamentally can not improve saline land.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind of utilize high resistance saline and alkaline paddy rice, the saline and alkaline fertilizer of high resistance containing the mineral matter such as humus and desulfurated plaster, rhizobium and science implantation methods, saline land is improved.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of method improveing saline land, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Select alkaline land improving fertilizer, this alkaline land improving fertilizer comprises raw material: be not less than the coal head of 40%, organic farmyard manure, rhizobia fertilizer and potassium fulvate containing humus;
Plough, impose described alkaline land improving fertilizer simultaneously;
Apply fertilizer to the subsoil;
Pour water;
Sowing: with emerge in worm water rice paddy seed until opening, water consumpation is sowed after being evaporated to and exposing soil layer, pours water after described rice paddy seed is taken root;
Field management: topdress, and again impose described alkaline land improving fertilizer and profit ear manuer according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, water quality and soil property.
Preferably, described rice paddy seed, is further, the rice paddy seed that reed marshes virgin soil is cultivated, and described rice paddy seed utilizes described alkaline land improving fertilizer coating.
Preferably, described selection alkaline land improving fertilizer, further, by following quality than mixed material: containing humus be not less than 40% coal head 10%-22%, turfy soil 10%-18%, desulfurated plaster 10%-30%, organic farmyard manure 10%-30%, rhizobia fertilizer 4%-12%, potassium fulvate 4%-20% and industrial sulphuric acid 1%-20%, described mixed material is stirred stand-by.
Preferably, described selection alkaline land improving fertilizer, further, by following quality than mixed material: containing humus be not less than 40% coal head 16%, turfy soil 14%, desulfurated plaster 20%, organic farmyard manure 20%, rhizobia fertilizer 8%, potassium fulvate 12% and industrial sulphuric acid 10%, described mixed material is stirred stand-by.
Preferably, described arable land, imposes described alkaline land improving fertilizer simultaneously, and further, adopt rotary tillage, the degree of depth of rotary tillage, more than 20 centimeters, imposes described alkaline land improving fertilizer while arable land, described alkaline land improving fertilizer amount is 1 ton/hectare.
Preferably, described in apply fertilizer to the subsoil as imposing phosphate fertilizer, described Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 200-225 kilogram/hectare.
Preferably, described in pour water, further, carry out first time pour water to arable land, make the water layer in soil reach 10-15 centimetre, soak and discharge water after soil 3-5 days, fill with a water after 15 days again, water layer height is 1-3 centimetre.
Preferably, described emerge in worm water rice paddy seed until opening, further, the temperature of described warm water between 10 DEG C to 35 DEG C,
When the temperature of described warm water is 30 DEG C, soak 82 hours;
When the temperature of described warm water is 15 DEG C, soak 164 hours.
Preferably, described field management, be further, the mid-term of paddy growth and late period, observe rice seedlings jaundice do not tiller and very thin time, detect the pH value of soil property, when pH value higher than 8.5 time, discharge water, and add nitrogen water, impose the one in potassium fulvate, humus or industrial sulphuric acid, consumption be potassium fulvate 100-120 kilogram/hectare, humus 100-150 kilogram/hectare and industrial sulphuric acid 200-240 kilogram/hectare.
Preferably, in described field management, described in topdress and be divided into three times, first time is in tillering stage, Nitrogen Top Dressing, consumption is 300-325 kilogram/hectare, and second time, in booting stage, imposes the potassium sulphate fertilizer that content is 60%, consumption is 150-175 kilogram/hectare, be foliage fertilizer for the third time, impose siliceous fertilizer, consumption is 3000-4000 gram/ha.
Compared with prior art, the method in improvement saline land of the present invention, reaches following effect:
Anti-saline and alkaline rice varieties and improvement fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land material organically combine by the present invention, improvement fertilizer in saline land used all can meet the nutrient demand of paddy growth, collocation rationally, raw materials used is mineral and the agriculture and industry waste of wide material sources, cheap, with strong points, reduce improvement cost, be conducive to the penetration and promotion of technology.Can quick improvement saline land by this technology, " turning waste into wealth ", having alkaline land improving and the multiple economic and social benefits such as ecotope beautifies, ecotope improvement, is a practical technique of benefiting the nation and the people.Make the salt content in saline land be reduced to 2.5% by method of the present invention, basicity reduces by more than 30% before comparing improvement.
Embodiment
As employed some vocabulary to censure specific components in the middle of specification and claim.Those skilled in the art should understand, and hardware manufacturer may call same assembly with different noun.This specification and claims are not used as with the difference of title the mode distinguishing assembly, but are used as the criterion of differentiation with assembly difference functionally." comprising " as mentioned in the middle of specification and claim is in the whole text an open language, therefore should be construed to " comprise but be not limited to "." roughly " refer to that in receivable error band, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within the scope of certain error, reach described technique effect substantially.In addition, " couple " word and comprise directly any and indirectly electric property coupling means at this.Therefore, if describe a first device in literary composition to be coupled to one second device, then represent described first device and directly can be electrically coupled to described second device, or be indirectly electrically coupled to described second device by other devices or the means that couple.Specification subsequent descriptions is for implementing better embodiment of the present invention, and right described description is to illustrate for the purpose of rule of the present invention, and is not used to limit scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is when being as the criterion depending on the claims person of defining.
Below the present invention is described in further detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment amounts to 1200 mu of moderate saline-alkali soil as experimental field using small towns, 2, Zhaoyuan County, Daqing, Heilungkiang:
Present embodiment discloses a kind of implantation methods fully utilizing biology and science to improve the method in saline land, comprise the following steps:
(1) seed is selected: select the paddy rice of reed marshes virgin soil cultivation as seed; Improvement saline land in the present invention is that what to adopt is that patent of invention number is ZL2013106982150, denomination of invention is the rice paddy seed obtained in a kind of method of rice cultivation with paddy rice; this paddy rice is anti-saline and alkaline good plant; it is the aquatic organism promoting Soil Desalting, dealkalize fast; not only make Soil Desalting, alkali; and can the soil organic matter be increased; increase soil fertility; increase soil particle structure; promote microbial activities; soil melioration can be improved further; it is the reed rice No. (notification number: 20131072.2,20131073.1) of agriculture New variety protection.
The rice paddy seed selected in the present invention is the paddy rice of the vitality tanacity utilizing reed marshes virgin soil to turn out, namely its growing environment does not have chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, insecticide, be not applicable to again the environment of paddy growth, the paddy rice that at this point can grow is the paddy rice of a kind of special kinds of vitality most tanacity, resistance against diseases is strong, and salinity and alkalinity resistance is strong.Utilize this kind of paddy rice and excellent japonica rice to hybridize the filial generation produced and have resistance, and output being high, is the good kind of exploitation saline land or development Rice Cropping industry.
(2) select alkaline land improving fertilizer, described fertilizer comprise raw material containing humus be not less than 40% coal head, turfy soil, desulfurated plaster, organic farmyard manure, rhizobia fertilizer, potassium fulvate and industrial sulphuric acid; Every material rate will be applicable to the needs of soil, namely will reduce costs, and shortens the improvement cycle again, reaches ventilation, logical oxygen, logical light, permeable, soil property is soft, be applicable to the condition of paddy growth.
Particularly, by following quality than mixed material: containing humus be not less than 40% coal head 10%-22%, turfy soil 10%-18%, desulfurated plaster 10%-30%, organic farmyard manure 10%-30%, rhizobia fertilizer 4%-12%, potassium fulvate 4%-20% and industrial sulphuric acid 1%-20%, described mixed material is stirred stand-by.Mass ratio in the present embodiment is: containing humus be not less than 40% coal head 10%, turfy soil 10%, desulfurated plaster 10%, organic farmyard manure 10%, rhizobia fertilizer 4%, potassium fulvate 4% and industrial sulphuric acid 1%.When needing the saline land pH value of transformation to be greater than 10, needing the desulfurated plaster of increase by 10% or increasing by the industrial sulphuric acid of 10%.Specifically determine according to actual conditions.
Efficiently utilize the effect in transformation salinity ground of rhizobium and fertilizer and effect in the present invention, comprehensive utilization and can realize controlling the saline and alkaline effect be absorbed by plants at the root of plant, thus reconcile salt alkali content in saline land.The coal head, turfy soil, desulfurated plaster, organic farmyard manure, rhizobia fertilizer, potassium fulvate and these raw materials of industrial sulphuric acid and the quality proportioning that are not less than 40% containing humus in the present invention are that inventor is obtained by performing creative labour, are not apparent for a person skilled in the art.
(3) plough, impose described alkaline land improving fertilizer simultaneously; Rotary tillage is adopted in the present invention, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is more than 20 centimeters, described alkaline land improving fertilizer is imposed while ploughing, consumption is 1 ton/hectare, object makes soil property photosynthesis, ventilation, water flowing and soil property mellowness all reach optimum state, when guaranteeing to sow, plant takes root rapidly, makes paddy rice brephic well-grown.And the rotary tillage degree of depth in the present embodiment is 25 centimeters.
(4) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: execute phosphate fertilizer behind arable land, the consumption of phosphate fertilizer is 200 kilograms/hectare.The time of executing phosphate fertilizer is that annual May 1 was to about 10 days May.Follow-up various chemical fertilizer press actual conditions proportioning according to the height of soil and pH value, the time of fertilising is accurately just right, fertilizing amount will be suited measures to local conditions, generally, per hectare about 600 kilograms, the ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is about 24:18:18, has only executed base fertilizer phosphate fertilizer in this step, and nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer can apply successively in growth process of riceplant.
It should be noted that step (1) here, step (2) and step (3) can exchange order, the order of step (1), step (2) and step (3) is not specifically limited here, specifically determines according to actual conditions.
(5) pour water, particularly, pour water in this step and be divided into twice, carry out first time to arable land to pour water, make the water layer in soil reach 10-15 centimetre, soak and discharge water after soil 3-5 days, fill with a water after 15 days again, water layer height is 1-3 centimetre, can sow after moist part evaporation.First time pours water as large hydraulic pressure, and approximately the north is in annual May 1 to about 10 days May, and in the present embodiment, water layer is 10 centimeters, soaks waterproof after soil 3-5 days, referred to herein as washing once, makes saline and alkaline reduction, and namely the pH value in soil declines.
Here be according to salt solution laws of motion, large hydraulic pressure of first pouring water before plantation is saline and alkaline, and loosens the soil in time, crosses before within about 15 days, taking advantage of saline and alkaline not returning up and fills with once permeable again, subdue saline and alkaline, be conducive to plant root growth and promote survival rate, tillering capacity eases up seedling speed.
(5) sow: with seed described in emerge in worm water until opening, water consumpation is sowed after being evaporated to and exposing soil layer, pours water after described rice paddy seed is taken root;
Need described seed to utilize described alkaline land improving fertilizer coating in addition, after planting pour water after described rice paddy seed is taken root, within general second day, can pour water, 1.5-2 centimetre of pouring water;
Particularly, be to make seed take root rapidly by emerge in worm water to the object of opening.With making seed nutrient sufficient after the alkaline land improving fertilizer coating in the present invention, taking root fast, guaranteeing that Miao Qimiao strengthens.The temperature of warm water described in this step is between 10 DEG C to 35 DEG C.When the temperature of described warm water is 30 DEG C, soak 82 hours; When the temperature of described warm water is 15 DEG C, soak 164 hours.
After moist part evaporation, carry out live, mainly because saline land soil property density is high, band water cutting seedling is very difficult, even and mud, cannot rice transplanting, this is that inventor sums up out through many years of experience.
(6) field management: topdress, and again impose anti-saline and alkaline fertilizer and profit ear manuer according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, water quality and soil property; It should be noted that the pipe system in field must carry out single, single method of filling with, to guarantee that various fertilizer plays one's part to the full, be evenly distributed in soil.
Described topdressing is divided into three times, for the first time in tillering stage, and Nitrogen Top Dressing, consumption is per hectare 300 kilograms, second time is in booting stage, and impose the potassium sulphate fertilizer that content is 60%, consumption is per hectare 150 kilograms, be foliage fertilizer for the third time, impose siliceous fertilizer, consumption is per hectare 3000 grams.
The mid-term of paddy growth and late period, observe rice seedlings jaundice do not tiller and very thin time, detect the pH value of soil property, when pH value higher than 8.5 time, discharge water, and add nitrogen water, impose the one in potassium fulvate, humus or industrial sulphuric acid, consumption is potassium fulvate 100 kilograms/hectare, humus 100 kilograms/hectare or industrial sulphuric acid 200 kilograms/hectare.
(7) paddy rice is gathered in the crops.In this step, conventionally the time of middle results paddy rice completes.
For moderate saline-alkali soil or heavy salinized ground improvement, need to administer at least 2 years, so all need repetition step (1) to the method in (7) every year, this method has reliability and practicality, in the present embodiment, small towns, 2, Zhaoyuan County, Daqing, Heilungkiang amounts to 1200 mu of ground, becomes good farmland through the transformations of 2 years.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment using 2000 mu, three-family village, Xing Sheng township, Nongan County, Jilin Province heavy salinizedly as experimental field:
Present embodiment discloses a kind of implantation methods fully utilizing biology and science to improve the method in saline land, comprise the following steps:
(1) seed is selected: select the paddy rice of reed marshes virgin soil cultivation as seed; Improvement saline land in the present invention is that what to adopt is that patent of invention number is ZL2013106982150, denomination of invention is the rice paddy seed obtained in a kind of method of rice cultivation with paddy rice; this paddy rice is anti-saline and alkaline good plant; it is the aquatic organism promoting Soil Desalting, dealkalize fast; not only make Soil Desalting, alkali; and can the soil organic matter be increased; increase soil fertility; increase soil particle structure; promote microbial activities; soil melioration can be improved further; it is the reed rice No. (notification number: 20131072.2,20131073.1) of agriculture New variety protection.
The rice paddy seed selected in the present invention is the paddy rice of the vitality tanacity utilizing reed marshes virgin soil to turn out, namely its growing environment does not have chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, insecticide, be not applicable to again the environment of paddy growth, the paddy rice that at this point can grow is the paddy rice of a kind of special kinds of vitality most tanacity, resistance against diseases is strong, and salinity and alkalinity resistance is strong.Utilize this kind of paddy rice and excellent japonica rice to hybridize the filial generation produced and have resistance, and output being high, is the good kind of exploitation saline land or development Rice Cropping industry.
(2) select alkaline land improving fertilizer, described fertilizer comprise raw material containing humus be not less than 40% coal head, turfy soil, desulfurated plaster, organic farmyard manure, rhizobia fertilizer, potassium fulvate and industrial sulphuric acid; Every material rate will be applicable to the needs of soil, namely will reduce costs, and shortens the improvement cycle again, reaches ventilation, logical oxygen, logical light, permeable, soil property is soft, be applicable to the condition of paddy growth.
Particularly, by following quality than mixed material: containing humus be not less than 40% coal head 10%-22%, turfy soil 10%-18%, desulfurated plaster 10%-30%, organic farmyard manure 10%-30%, rhizobia fertilizer 4%-12%, potassium fulvate 4%-20% and industrial sulphuric acid 1%-20%, described mixed material is stirred stand-by.Mass ratio in the present embodiment is: containing humus be not less than 40% coal head 22%, turfy soil 18%, desulfurated plaster 30%, organic farmyard manure 30%, rhizobia fertilizer 12%, potassium fulvate 20% and industrial sulphuric acid 20%.When needing the saline land pH value of transformation to be greater than 10, needing the desulfurated plaster of increase by 10% or increasing by the industrial sulphuric acid of 10%.Specifically determine according to actual conditions.
Efficiently utilize the effect in transformation salinity ground of rhizobium and fertilizer and effect in the present invention, comprehensive utilization and can realize controlling the saline and alkaline effect be absorbed by plants at the root of plant, thus reconcile salt alkali content in saline land.The coal head, turfy soil, desulfurated plaster, organic farmyard manure, rhizobia fertilizer, potassium fulvate and these raw materials of industrial sulphuric acid and the quality proportioning that are not less than 40% containing humus in the present invention are that inventor is obtained by performing creative labour, are not apparent for a person skilled in the art.
(3) plough and apply fertilizer to the subsoil, imposing described alkaline land improving fertilizer simultaneously; Rotary tillage is adopted in the present invention, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is more than 20 centimeters, described alkaline land improving fertilizer is imposed while ploughing, consumption is 1 ton/hectare, object makes that soil property photosynthesis, ventilation, water flowing and soil property are soft all reaches optimum state, when guaranteeing to sow, plant takes root rapidly, makes paddy rice brephic well-grown.And the rotary tillage degree of depth in the present embodiment is 30 centimeters.
(4) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: execute phosphate fertilizer behind arable land, the consumption of phosphate fertilizer is 225 kilograms/hectare.The time of executing phosphate fertilizer is that annual May 1 was to about 10 days May.Phosphate fertilizer was imposed May 3 in the present embodiment, follow-up various chemical fertilizer press actual conditions proportioning according to the height of soil and pH value, the time of fertilising is just right, fertilizing amount is suited measures to local conditions, generally, per hectare about 600 kilograms, the ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is about 24:18:18, only executed base fertilizer phosphate fertilizer in this step, nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer can apply successively in growth process of riceplant.
It should be noted that step (1) here, step (2) and step (3) can exchange order, the order of step (1), step (2) and step (3) is not specifically limited here, specifically determines according to actual conditions.
(5) pour water; Particularly, pour water and be divided into twice in this step, carry out first time pour water to arable land, make the water layer in soil reach 10-15 centimetre, soak and discharge water after soil 3-5 days, fill with a water after 15 days again, water layer height is 1-3 centimetre, can sow after moist part evaporation.First time pours water as large hydraulic pressure, and approximately the north is in annual May 1 to about 10 days May, and in the present embodiment, water layer is 15 centimeters, and immersion soil waterproof after 5 days, referred to herein as washing once, makes saline and alkaline reduction, and namely the pH value in soil declines.
Here be according to salt solution laws of motion, large hydraulic pressure of first pouring water before plantation is saline and alkaline, and loosens the soil in time, crosses before within about 15 days, taking advantage of saline and alkaline not returning up and fills with once permeable again, subdue saline and alkaline, be conducive to plant root growth and promote survival rate, tillering capacity eases up seedling speed.
(5) sow: with seed described in emerge in worm water until opening, water consumpation is sowed after being evaporated to and exposing soil layer, pours water after described rice paddy seed is taken root;
Need described seed to utilize described alkaline land improving fertilizer coating in addition, after planting pour water after described rice paddy seed is taken root, within general second day, can pour water, 1.5-2 centimetre of pouring water; Particularly, be to make seed take root rapidly by emerge in worm water to the object of opening.With making seed nutrient sufficient after the alkaline land improving fertilizer coating in the present invention, taking root fast, guaranteeing that Miao Qimiao strengthens.The temperature of warm water described in this step is between 10 DEG C to 35 DEG C.When the temperature of described warm water is 30 DEG C, soak 82 hours; When the temperature of described warm water is 15 DEG C, soak 164 hours.In the present embodiment, warm water is 30 DEG C, soaks about 82 hours, to seed opening.
After moist part evaporation, carry out live, mainly because saline land soil property density is high, band water cutting seedling is very difficult, even and mud, cannot rice transplanting, this is that inventor sums up out through many years of experience.
(6) field management: topdress, and again impose anti-saline and alkaline fertilizer and profit ear manuer according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, water quality and soil property; It should be noted that the pipe system in field must carry out single, single irrigation method, to guarantee that various fertilizer plays one's part to the full, be evenly distributed in soil.
Described topdressing is divided into three times, for the first time in tillering stage, and Nitrogen Top Dressing, consumption is per hectare 325 kilograms, second time is in booting stage, and impose the potassium sulphate fertilizer that content is 60%, consumption is per hectare 175 kilograms, be foliage fertilizer for the third time, impose siliceous fertilizer, consumption is per hectare 3000 grams.
The mid-term of paddy growth and late period, observe rice seedlings jaundice do not tiller and very thin time, detect the pH value of soil property, when pH value higher than 8.5 time, discharge water, and add nitrogen water, impose the one in potassium fulvate, humus or industrial sulphuric acid, consumption is potassium fulvate 120 kg/hectare, humus 150 kilograms/hectare or industrial sulphuric acid 240 kilograms/hectare.
(7) paddy rice is gathered in the crops.In this step, conventionally the time of middle results paddy rice completes.
For moderate saline-alkali soil or heavy salinized ground improvement, need to administer at least 2 years, so all need repetition step (1) to the method in (7) every year, this method has reliability and practicality, in the present embodiment 2000 mu heavy salinizedly, through 3 years transformations become good farmland.
Embodiment three:
The present embodiment is using Fu Hai town Junichiro Koizumi 100 mu, sub-township, Fuyu County, Heilungkiang Qiqihaer City moderate saline-alkali soil as experimental field:
Present embodiment discloses a kind of implantation methods fully utilizing biology and science to improve the method in saline land, comprise the following steps:
(1) seed is selected: select the paddy rice of reed marshes virgin soil cultivation as seed; Improvement saline land in the present invention is that what to adopt is that patent of invention number is ZL2013106982150, denomination of invention is the rice paddy seed obtained in a kind of method of rice cultivation with paddy rice; this paddy rice is anti-saline and alkaline good plant; it is the aquatic organism promoting Soil Desalting, dealkalize fast; not only make Soil Desalting, alkali; and can the soil organic matter be increased; increase soil fertility; increase soil particle structure; promote microbial activities; soil melioration can be improved further; it is the reed rice No. (notification number: 20131072.2,20131073.1) of agriculture New variety protection.
The rice paddy seed selected in the present invention is the paddy rice of the vitality tanacity utilizing reed marshes virgin soil to turn out, namely its growing environment does not have chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, insecticide, be not applicable to again the environment of paddy growth, the paddy rice that at this point can grow is the paddy rice of a kind of special kinds of vitality most tanacity, resistance against diseases is strong, and salinity and alkalinity resistance is strong.Utilize this kind of paddy rice and excellent japonica rice to hybridize the filial generation produced and have resistance, and output being high, is the good kind of exploitation saline land or development Rice Cropping industry.
(2) select alkaline land improving fertilizer, described fertilizer comprise raw material containing humus be not less than 40% coal head, turfy soil, desulfurated plaster, organic farmyard manure, rhizobia fertilizer, potassium fulvate and industrial sulphuric acid; Every material rate will be applicable to the needs of soil, namely will reduce costs, and shortens the improvement cycle again, reaches ventilation, logical oxygen, logical light, permeable, soil property is soft, be applicable to the condition of paddy growth.
Particularly, by following quality than mixed material: containing humus be not less than 40% coal head 10%-22%, turfy soil 10%-18%, desulfurated plaster 10%-30%, organic farmyard manure 10%-30%, rhizobia fertilizer 4%-12%, potassium fulvate 4%-20% and industrial sulphuric acid 1%-20%, described mixed material is stirred stand-by.Mass ratio in the present embodiment is: containing humus be not less than 40% coal head 16%, turfy soil 14%, desulfurated plaster 20%, organic farmyard manure 20%, rhizobia fertilizer 8%, potassium fulvate 12% and industrial sulphuric acid 10%, described mixed material is stirred stand-by.When needing the saline land pH value of transformation to be greater than 10, needing the desulfurated plaster of increase by 10% or increasing by the industrial sulphuric acid of 10%.Specifically determine according to actual conditions.
Efficiently utilize the effect in transformation salinity ground of rhizobium and fertilizer and effect in the present invention, comprehensive utilization and can realize controlling the saline and alkaline effect be absorbed by plants at the root of plant, thus reconcile salt alkali content in saline land.The coal head, turfy soil, desulfurated plaster, organic farmyard manure, rhizobia fertilizer, potassium fulvate and these raw materials of industrial sulphuric acid and the quality proportioning that are not less than 40% containing humus in the present invention are that inventor is obtained by performing creative labour, are not apparent for a person skilled in the art.
(3) plough, impose described alkaline land improving fertilizer simultaneously; Rotary tillage is adopted in the present invention, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is more than 20 centimeters, described alkaline land improving fertilizer is imposed while ploughing, consumption is 1 ton/hectare, object makes soil property photosynthesis, ventilation, water flowing and soil property mellowness all reach optimum state, when guaranteeing to sow, plant takes root rapidly, makes paddy rice brephic well-grown.And the rotary tillage degree of depth in the present embodiment is 25 centimeters.
(4) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: execute phosphate fertilizer behind arable land, the consumption of phosphate fertilizer is 212 kilograms/hectare.The time of executing phosphate fertilizer is that annual May 1 was to about 10 days May.Follow-up various chemical fertilizer press actual conditions proportioning according to the height of soil and pH value, the time of fertilising accurately will be in harmony benefit, fertilizing amount will be suited measures to local conditions, generally, per hectare about 600 kilograms, the ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is about 24:18:18, has only executed base fertilizer phosphate fertilizer in this step, and nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer can apply successively in growth process of riceplant.
It should be noted that step (1) here, step (2) and step (3) can exchange order, the order of step (1), step (2) and step (3) is not specifically limited here, specifically determines according to actual conditions.
(5) pour water; Particularly, pour water and be divided into twice in this step, carry out first time pour water to arable land, make the water layer in soil reach 10-15 centimetre, soak and discharge water after soil 3-5 days, fill with a water after 15 days again, water layer height is 1-3 centimetre, can sow after moist part evaporation.First time pours water as large hydraulic pressure, and approximately the north is in annual May 1 to about 10 days May, and in the present embodiment, water layer is 12 centimeters, and immersion soil waterproof after 4 days, referred to herein as washing once, makes saline and alkaline reduction, and namely the pH value in soil declines.
Here be according to salt solution laws of motion, large hydraulic pressure of first pouring water before plantation is saline and alkaline, and loosens the soil in time, crosses before within about 15 days, taking advantage of saline and alkaline not returning up and fills with once permeable again, subdue saline and alkaline, be conducive to plant root growth and promote survival rate, tillering capacity eases up seedling speed.
(5) sow: with seed described in emerge in worm water until opening, water consumpation is sowed after being evaporated to and exposing soil layer, pours water after described rice paddy seed is taken root.
Need described seed to utilize described alkaline land improving fertilizer coating in addition, after planting pour water after described rice paddy seed is taken root, within general second day, can pour water, 1.5-2 centimetre of pouring water.
Particularly, be to make seed take root rapidly by emerge in worm water to the object of opening.With making seed nutrient sufficient after the alkaline land improving fertilizer coating in the present invention, taking root fast, guaranteeing that Miao Qimiao strengthens.The temperature of warm water described in this step is between 10 DEG C to 35 DEG C.When the temperature of described warm water is 30 DEG C, soak 82 hours; When the temperature of described warm water is 15 DEG C, soak 164 hours.In the present embodiment, the temperature of warm water is 30 DEG C, and immersion 82 is little of seed opening.
After moist part evaporation, carry out live, mainly because saline land soil property density is high, band water cutting seedling is very difficult, even and mud, cannot rice transplanting, this is that inventor sums up out through many years of experience.
(6) field management: topdress, and again impose anti-saline and alkaline fertilizer and profit ear manuer according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, water quality and soil property; It should be noted that the pipe system in field must carry out single, single irrigation method, to guarantee that various fertilizer plays one's part to the full, be evenly distributed in soil.
Described topdressing is divided into three times, for the first time in tillering stage, and Nitrogen Top Dressing, consumption is per hectare 312 kilograms, second time is in booting stage, and impose the potassium sulphate fertilizer that content is 60%, consumption is per hectare 162 kilograms, be foliage fertilizer for the third time, impose siliceous fertilizer, consumption is per hectare 3500 grams.
The mid-term of paddy growth and late period, observe rice seedlings jaundice do not tiller and very thin time, detect the pH value of soil property, when pH value higher than 8.5 time, discharge water, and add nitrogen water, impose the one in potassium fulvate, humus or industrial sulphuric acid, consumption is potassium fulvate 110 kilograms/hectare, humus 125 kilograms/hectare or industrial sulphuric acid 220 kilograms/hectare.
(7) paddy rice is gathered in the crops.In this step, conventionally the time of middle results paddy rice completes.
For moderate saline-alkali soil or heavy salinized ground improvement, need to administer at least 2 years, so all need repetition step (1) to the method in (7) every year, this method has reliability and practicality, 100 mu of moderate saline-alkali soil in the present embodiment, become good farmland through the transformations of 2 years.
Compared with prior art, a kind of method utilizing special fertilizer and rice modification saline land of the present invention, reaches following effect:
Anti-saline and alkaline rice varieties and improvement fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land material organically combine by the present invention, improvement fertilizer in saline land used all can meet the nutrient demand of paddy growth, collocation rationally, raw materials used is mineral and the agriculture and industry waste of wide material sources, cheap, with strong points, reduce improvement cost, be conducive to the penetration and promotion of technology.Can quick improvement saline land by this technology, " turning waste into wealth ", having alkaline land improving and the multiple economic and social benefits such as ecotope beautifies, ecotope improvement, is a practical technique of benefiting the nation and the people.Make the salt content in saline land be reduced to 2.5% by method of the present invention, basicity reduces by more than 30% before comparing improvement.
Above-mentioned explanation illustrate and describes some preferred embodiments of the present invention, but as previously mentioned, be to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed by this paper, should not regard the eliminating to other embodiments as, and can be used for other combinations various, amendment and environment, and can in invention contemplated scope described herein, changed by the technology of above-mentioned instruction or association area or knowledge.And the change that those skilled in the art carry out and change do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, then all should in the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. improve the method in saline land, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Select alkaline land improving fertilizer, this alkaline land improving fertilizer comprises raw material: be not less than the coal head of 40%, organic farmyard manure, rhizobia fertilizer and potassium fulvate containing humus;
Plough, impose described alkaline land improving fertilizer simultaneously;
Apply fertilizer to the subsoil;
Pour water;
Sowing: with emerge in worm water rice paddy seed until opening, water consumpation is sowed after being evaporated to and exposing soil layer, pours water after described rice paddy seed is taken root;
Field management: topdress, and again impose described alkaline land improving fertilizer and profit ear manuer according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, water quality and soil property.
2. the method in improvement saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rice paddy seed is further, the rice paddy seed that reed marshes virgin soil is cultivated, and described rice paddy seed utilizes described alkaline land improving fertilizer coating.
3. the method in improvement saline land according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described selection alkaline land improving fertilizer, further, by following quality than mixed material: containing humus be not less than 40% coal head 10%-22%, turfy soil 10%-18%, desulfurated plaster 10%-30%, organic farmyard manure 10%-30%, rhizobia fertilizer 4%-12%, potassium fulvate 4%-20% and industrial sulphuric acid 1%-20%, described mixed material is stirred stand-by.
4. the method in improvement saline land according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described selection alkaline land improving fertilizer, further, by following quality than mixed material: containing humus be not less than 40% coal head 16%, turfy soil 14%, desulfurated plaster 20%, organic farmyard manure 20%, rhizobia fertilizer 8%, potassium fulvate 12% and industrial sulphuric acid 10%, described mixed material is stirred stand-by.
5. the method in improvement saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described arable land, impose described alkaline land improving fertilizer simultaneously, further, adopt rotary tillage, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is more than 20 centimeters, impose described alkaline land improving fertilizer while ploughing, described alkaline land improving fertilizer amount is 1 ton/hectare.
6. the method in improvement saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in apply fertilizer to the subsoil as imposing phosphate fertilizer, described Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 200-225 kilogram/hectare.
7. the method in improvement saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in pour water, further, first time is carried out to arable land and pours water, make the water layer in soil reach 10-15 centimetre, soak and discharge water after soil 3-5 days, fill with a water after 15 days again, water layer height is 1-3 centimetre.
8. the method in improvement saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described emerge in worm water rice paddy seed until opening, further, the temperature of described warm water between 10 DEG C to 35 DEG C,
When the temperature of described warm water is 30 DEG C, soak 82 hours;
When the temperature of described warm water is 15 DEG C, soak 164 hours.
9. the method in improvement saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described field management is further, the mid-term of paddy growth and late period, observe rice seedlings jaundice do not tiller and very thin time, detect the pH value of soil property, when pH value higher than 8.5 time, discharge water, and add nitrogen water, impose the one in potassium fulvate, humus or industrial sulphuric acid, consumption is potassium fulvate 100-120 kilogram/hectare, humus 100-150 kilogram/hectare and industrial sulphuric acid 200-240 kilogram/hectare.
10. the method in improvement saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described field management, described topdressing is divided into three times, for the first time in tillering stage, Nitrogen Top Dressing, consumption is 300-325 kilogram/hectare, second time is in booting stage, impose the potassium sulphate fertilizer that content is 60%, consumption is 150-175 kilogram/hectare, is foliage fertilizer for the third time, impose siliceous fertilizer, consumption is 3000-4000 gram/ha.
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| CN105062935A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-11-18 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Rhizobium and application thereof |
| CN105409551A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-23 | 天津创世生态景观建设股份有限公司 | Seedling rejuvenation method for saline and alkaline land |
| CN105935035A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-09-14 | 山东省水稻研究所 | Mechanical water direct sowing culture method for rice in slight alkaline land in Yellow River Delta |
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| CN106376266A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Improving method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN106613592A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-10 | 颍上县锡安山水稻种植专业合作社 | Rice planting method |
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| CN105062935A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-11-18 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Rhizobium and application thereof |
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| CN106376266A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Improving method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN106613592A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-10 | 颍上县锡安山水稻种植专业合作社 | Rice planting method |
| CN107409521A (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-12-01 | 吴刚 | A kind of administering method of saline-alkali grassland |
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