CN109042175A - Three dry method planting patterns of strand silt strongly salined soil rice - Google Patents
Three dry method planting patterns of strand silt strongly salined soil rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042175A CN109042175A CN201811079444.3A CN201811079444A CN109042175A CN 109042175 A CN109042175 A CN 109042175A CN 201811079444 A CN201811079444 A CN 201811079444A CN 109042175 A CN109042175 A CN 109042175A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of three dry method planting patterns of strand silt strongly salined soil rice, using dry rotary tillage, the water starch management of throwing kind and alternation of wetting and drying is done to capture rice morning seedling, full stand, the technical system of strong sprout, its main technological route is: " 5N " rapidly and efficiently desalination-essence is smooth-dry field-that digs trenches to drain the water away imposes base manure-and does rotary tillage-mechanical dry and throws kind-alternation of wetting and drying water starch management-strand strongly salined soil rapidly and efficiently Technical system, due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, advantage for present invention and good effect are: easy to operate, it is easy to hold, it is at low cost, speed is fast, it is high-efficient.Vertical seedling effect is good, yield and high efficiency, disposably take three seedlings by force since three dry method new technologies are conducive to realize on the silt strongly salined soil of strand, and full stand seedling is even, improvement current year can be obtained high yield, the actual achievement that super very heavy, the high yield field of Coastal beach First Year kind rice large area per mu yield surpasses 650 kilograms, the yield highest under same soil condition can be created.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to strongly salined soil paddy rice planting method more particularly to a kind of three dry method kinds of strand silt strongly salined soil rice
Plant mode belongs to Rice Cropping technical field.
Background technique
The engineering geology and its mechanical characteristic of strand strongly salined soil are divided into the types such as clay, loam and sandy soil, wherein silt
(be commonly called as bubble dirt) have its particularity again, and 0.1-0.05 millimeters of particle grade account for 81-99%, and permeability is strong, K=2.08-
3.99 meters/round the clock, side slope is unstable, easily at quicksand, is easy to liquefy after being shaken；Conventional rice broadcasts cultivating method to strand silty sand
Matter strongly salined soil is inadaptable, and there are many defects to strand silt strongly salined soil for rice technique for sowing and planting, and mainly bubble dirt is because organic
Matter and soil colloid content are extremely low, and crumb structure is not formed, and porosity is very low, and workability of soil is very poor, and water can not revolve slurry, receiving electrode
Fastly, it is just completely hardened to be threaded through half an hour after for extreme local water, can summarize are as follows: image planes powder when dry, gentle breeze play sand and dust；Picture forms sediment when wet
Powder, water rotation have much difficulty in healing whole；Water broadcasts not sunken kind, transplants seedlings and does not embrace root.
Conventional rice, which broadcasts cultivation mode mainly, rice transplantation by hand, transplanting, water direct seeding, direct-sowing dry etc., in strand silt weight
Effect under solonchak environmental condition is all not so good, in which: rice transplantation by hand is too big to amount of labour demanded, and cost is too high；Strand
Far from villages and small towns, human resources are especially deficient in area, and large area rice transplantation by hand is difficult to realize, this soil types is because of organic matter and soil
Colloidal content is extremely low, and precipitating is exceedingly fast, and rice transplanting difficulty is big after heavy reality, and effect is extremely low, very big to injury of finger, it is also difficult to bear per acre
Four or five hundred yuan of the high cost of seedling and rice transplantation by hand；The most important problem of machine rice transplantation is " transplant seedlings and do not embrace root ", field plough it is flat after
Soil precipitating is exceedingly fast, even if also will appear mechanical shock severity, rice transplanting needle damage weight, seedling root using " hard place mode " after heavy reality
It is not easy to bury, drift seedling is more and is difficult to survive；Only (extreme soil property is small less than half within the of short duration time after rotary tillage plays slurry
When) can carry out, cause each road operation procedure of transplanting to be difficult to tissue and linking, and it is at high cost, effect is poor, be unsuitable for big face
Product uses；Water direct seeding soil types have the characteristics that " water can not revolve slurry " " water broadcasts not sunken kind ", general water direct seeding cropping pattern
It will appear " no slurry lid kind, paddy do not enter mud " phenomenon, lead to uneven emergence, incomplete, influence nurturing staff；Direct-sowing dry is because from being seeded into
The time of emergence is longer, if controlling water for a long time as good farmland, necessarily occurs being difficult to emerge because of the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, if in order to control soil
The earth accumulation of salt in the surface soil and long-term waterflooding or repeatedly watering, and the gas permeability of soil can be caused poor, it influences to emerge and take root vertical seedling.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of three dry method planting patterns of strand silt strongly salined soil rice, using dry rotation
Plough, it is dry throw kind and the water starch management of alternation of wetting and drying come capture rice morning seedling, full stand, strong sprout technical system, major technique road
Line is: " 5N " rapidly and efficiently desalination-essence is smooth-dry field-that digs trenches to drain the water away imposes base manure-to do rotary tillage-mechanical dry throw kind-dry
Wet alternate water starch management-strand strongly salined soil rapidly and efficiently Technical system.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to what is be achieved through the following technical solutions: strand silt strongly salined soil rice
Three dry method planting patterns, technical regulation follow the steps below:
(1) 5N rapidly and efficiently desalination uses " 5N " (plough, shine, rake, flat, rotation) multicycle quick desalination patent new technology with topsoil
The following are standards for soil saliferous 0.2%, since draining, are followed successively by and plough-sunning the earth which has been ploughed up-and pour water-rake-rotary tillage-bubble salt-
Draining carries out periodic operation, reaches standard and carry out subsequent plantation, standard is not achieved and then increases duty cycle.
(2) essence is smooth, for the ease of the smooth of arable land, does one of ridge every 50-100 meters first in field, the ridge is high
Not less than 50cm, ridge top width is not less than 30cm；Formation process first uses rotary cultivator rotary tillage, and depth is not less than 15 centimetres, and rotary tillage will fill
Point, four sides and field angle are not omitted, and are not left a blank between operation width, and band is horizontal whole immediately after rotary tillage, after the completion of smooth, in lattice field
Field face high and low fall is less than 3cm, accomplishes " very little water does not reveal mud, and draining is done everywhere ".
(3) dig trenches to drain the water away dry field, after essence is smooth, drains field water；Field the row such as blocks water if there is low-lying pool, Gao Po
The unsmooth situation of water should excavate gutter in due course, guarantee that draining is unobstructed, accomplish " field is without ponding "；In rice entire planting season
Require that field drainage is unobstructed.
(4) base manure is imposed, after field water drains, is dried several days, until rotary tillage machine suitable operation, field is carried out and chases after
Fertilizer；Fertilizer type and quantity according to factors such as Field Fertility situation, the nutrient uptake feature of rice cultivation kind and target outputs and
It is fixed；Fertilization mode large area plants suitable mechanical and throws fertilizer, and small area can manually be spread fertilizer over the fields.
(5) rotary tillage is done, after fertilising, carries out dry rotary tillage, depth 10cm or so with dry land rotary cultivator；Dry rotary tillage requires not weigh not
Leakage, does not stay dead angle, the depth is consistent, and it is good to make suede.
(6) mechanical dry throws kind, and according to the arrangement in sowing time, seed rice is carried out presoaking and germinating in advance；It, can after dry rotary tillage
It directly sows, sows preceding field and do not pour water, seed is directly spread to arable land surface；It is recommended to use throwing kind machine or throws fertile machine and throw
Kind, it can also be with artificial broadcast, when throwing kind using machinery, seed bud length is advisable with half paddy, is not easy too long, otherwise radical bud damage
Weight；It manually sows seeds, seed bud can be grown a bit, be ok from half paddy to a paddy length；It is noted that rice bud during throwing kind
Carry out moisturizing cooling shield bud.
(7) alternation of wetting and drying takes root vertical seedling, after planting, to pour water immediately, and water depth, which is subject to, floods full field, if field is flat
Whole, very little water, field high and low fall is big or salinity weight, and water layer is accordingly deepened；The purpose poured water is to fill seed with soil
Tap touching, is easy to take root；Since strand silt strongly salined soil has the characteristics that do the soil block generated when rotary tillage " as starch when wet "
It is quickly melted after watering, meeting part overlaid lives the seed near soil block, achievees the effect that give seed earthing；Pouring water, it is small to impregnate number
When after can drain field water layer；This speed of pouring water should not be too fast, otherwise can wash away seed, make the poly- heap of seed, have
Local rice shoot is too many, some places rice shoot situation on the low side；In the emergence stage of entire rice, is arranged using filling night day always, is dry
The water layer management mode of wet alternate, until rice generates secondary root and tiller.
(8) normal management is transferred to normal water according to strand strongly salined soil high-yield quick efficiency cultivation technology for high system after vertical seedling
Field management.
Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, advantage for present invention and good effect are:
1, easy to operate, it is easy to hold, all operation sequences of the technology are succinct, and mechanical equipment used is also common machine
Tool, technical difficulty is low, is a set of light efficient technological innovation of letter convenient for grasping.
2, at low cost, three seedlings gently simple High yield and efficiency is taken by force using " three dry method ", no matter is seeded into vertical seedling stage or complete
The cost per mu of breeding time is all lower than general water direct seeding and direct-sowing dry, rice transplantation by hand and transplanting is far below, per acre than machine
Rice transplanting reduces by 200 yuan of cost or so, and it is more to reduce cost than rice transplantation by hand.
3, speed is fast, high-efficient, and " three dry method " takes three seedlings by force gently simple High yield and efficiency operating speed is fast, high-efficient, and one
Can be sowed per hour by throwing kind of a machine by 150 mu or more, this is for positive value busy farming season, mechanical, artificial anxiety, rice it is pressed for time
It is precious for sowing.
4, it is good to found seedling effect, gently simple High yield and efficiency has been well solved in strand powder since " three dry method " takes three seedlings by force
The rice cultivation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, ventilative, blinding etc. restrict the main obstruction that rice growing founds seedling under sandy strongly salined soil environmental condition, especially
Dry supination soil is of a relatively loose, and native table is uneven after upper water, is formed numerous " small reservoirs ", lid seed is uniform, and the depth is unanimously without dew
Kind, moisturizing air permeability effect is significant, and planting percent can achieve 80% or more, it lays a good foundation for the final high-yield and high-efficiency of rice,
And conventional method often leads to native table " troweling ", gas permeability is very poor, and vertical seedling is kept a full stand of seedings and is all difficult.
5, yield and high efficiency, " the good half a year rice of seedling ", since " three dry method " new technology is conducive in strand silt geavy salt
It is realized on soil and disposably takes three seedlings by force, and full stand seedling is even, improvement current year can be obtained high yield, can create Coastal beach First Year kind
The actual achievement that super very heavy, the high yield field of rice large area per mu yield surpasses 650 kilograms, the yield highest under same soil condition.
Specific embodiment
1. three dry method planting patterns of strand silt strongly salined soil rice, technical regulation follow the steps below:
(1) 5N rapidly and efficiently desalination uses " 5N " (plough, shine, rake, flat, rotation) multicycle quick desalination patent new technology with topsoil
The following are standards for soil saliferous 0.2%, since draining, are followed successively by and plough-sunning the earth which has been ploughed up-and pour water-rake-rotary tillage-bubble salt-
Draining carries out periodic operation, reaches standard and carry out subsequent plantation, standard is not achieved and then increases duty cycle.
(2) essence is smooth, for the ease of the smooth of arable land, does one of ridge every 50-100 meters first in field, the ridge is high
Not less than 50cm, ridge top width is not less than 30cm；Formation process first uses rotary cultivator rotary tillage, and depth is not less than 15 centimetres, and rotary tillage will fill
Point, four sides and field angle are not omitted, and are not left a blank between operation width, and band is horizontal whole immediately after rotary tillage, after the completion of smooth, in lattice field
Field face high and low fall is less than 3cm, accomplishes " very little water does not reveal mud, and draining is done everywhere ".
(3) dig trenches to drain the water away dry field, after essence is smooth, drains field water；Field the row such as blocks water if there is low-lying pool, Gao Po
The unsmooth situation of water should excavate gutter in due course, guarantee that draining is unobstructed, accomplish " field is without ponding "；In rice entire planting season
Require that field drainage is unobstructed.
(4) base manure is imposed, after field water drains, is dried several days, until rotary tillage machine suitable operation, field is carried out and chases after
Fertilizer；Fertilizer type and quantity according to factors such as Field Fertility situation, the nutrient uptake feature of rice cultivation kind and target outputs and
It is fixed；Fertilization mode large area plants suitable mechanical and throws fertilizer, and small area can manually be spread fertilizer over the fields.
(5) rotary tillage is done, after fertilising, carries out dry rotary tillage, depth 10cm or so with dry land rotary cultivator；Dry rotary tillage requires not weigh not
Leakage, does not stay dead angle, the depth is consistent, and it is good to make suede.
(6) mechanical dry throws kind, and according to the arrangement in sowing time, seed rice is carried out presoaking and germinating in advance；It, can after dry rotary tillage
It directly sows, sows preceding field and do not pour water, seed is directly spread to arable land surface；It is recommended to use throwing kind machine or throws fertile machine and throw
Kind, it can also be with artificial broadcast, when throwing kind using machinery, seed bud length is advisable with half paddy, is not easy too long, otherwise radical bud damage
Weight；It manually sows seeds, seed bud can be grown a bit, be ok from half paddy to a paddy length；It is noted that rice bud during throwing kind
Carry out moisturizing cooling shield bud.
(7) alternation of wetting and drying takes root vertical seedling, after planting, to pour water immediately, and water depth, which is subject to, floods full field, if field is flat
Whole, very little water, field high and low fall is big or salinity weight, and water layer is accordingly deepened；The purpose poured water is to fill seed with soil
Tap touching, is easy to take root；Since strand silt strongly salined soil has the characteristics that do the soil block generated when rotary tillage " as starch when wet "
It is quickly melted after watering, meeting part overlaid lives the seed near soil block, achievees the effect that give seed earthing；Pouring water, it is small to impregnate number
When after can drain field water layer；This speed of pouring water should not be too fast, otherwise can wash away seed, make the poly- heap of seed, have
Local rice shoot is too many, some places rice shoot situation on the low side；In the emergence stage of entire rice, is arranged using filling night day always, is dry
The water layer management mode of wet alternate, until rice generates secondary root and tiller.
(8) normal management is transferred to normal water according to strand strongly salined soil high-yield quick efficiency cultivation technology for high system after vertical seedling
Field management, " the strand strongly salined soil high-yield quick efficiency cultivation technology for high system " one that the technical system is write referring to inventor
Text.
2. the main innovation of three dry method planting patterns of strand silt strongly salined soil rice is:
Suede is made for dry rotary tillage first is that changing water and spinning up slurry, such operation loosing soil is without hardened, and native table is uneven not after upper water
Tabula rasa is formed numerous " small reservoirs ", and lid seed is uniform, and for the depth unanimously without dew kind, moisturizing air permeability effect is significant, is conducive to improve seedling
Rate.
Second is that changing band water sowing is that mechanical dry throws kind, be conducive between the interstices of soil after rice bud falls into dry rotary tillage, and
Uniform lid kind soil layer can be formed, depth of planting is suitable for and the depth is than more consistent；Working efficiency also greatly improves, a throwing kind machine
150 mu or more can be sowed per hour.
Third is that changing water kind water pipe is wetting irrigation for paddy field, from strand silt strongly salined soil reality, dry rice seedling should not be both used
Irrigation method should not also carry out water starch management with the irrigation method of water direct seeding, but adhere to the methods with wetting irrigation for paddy field；
After planting to pour water immediately, water depth, which is subject to, floods full field, if field is smooth, very little water, field high and low fall it is big or
Salinity weight, water layer is accordingly deepened；The purpose poured water is to come into full contact with seed with soil, is easy to take root；Due to strand silty sand
Matter strongly salined soil has the characteristics that do the soil generated when rotary tillage " as starch when wet " and quickly melt after watering, can part overlaid
The firmly seed near soil block achievees the effect that give seed earthing；Field water layer can be drained by pouring water after impregnating a few hours；For the first time
Speed of pouring water should not be too fast, otherwise can wash away seed, occurs that some places rice shoot is too many, some places rice shoot situation on the low side；
Entire rice emergence to the vertical seedling stage, should be using the water layer management mode for filling i.e. row, filling night row, alternation of wetting and drying day, directly
Water layer is established to rice plant of tillering stage.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of three dry method planting patterns of strand silt strongly salined soil rice, it is characterised in that: use dry rotary tillage, dry throwing kind and do
The water starch management of wet alternate, the dry rotary tillage are as follows: carry out dry rotary tillage, the dry throwing kind are as follows: directly broadcast after dry rotary tillage with rotary cultivator
Kind, it sows preceding field and does not pour water, the alternation of wetting and drying are as follows: after planting pour water immediately, pour water and drain field after soaking a period of time again
Water layer, and pour water and drain repeatedly repeatedly.
2. three dry method planting patterns of rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the planting patterns, which uses, includes
" 5N " rapidly and efficiently desalination-essence is smooth-dry field-that digs trenches to drain the water away imposes base manure-and does rotary tillage-mechanical dry and throws the friendship of kind-dry and wet
For water starch management-strand strongly salined soil rapidly and efficiently Technical system.
3. three dry method planting patterns of rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the dry rotary tillage is after applying fertilizer with drought
Rotary tillage machine carries out dry rotary tillage, depth 10cm or so, and dry rotary tillage, which requires not weigh, does not leak, and does not stay dead angle, the depth is consistent, and it is good to make suede
It is good.
4. three dry method planting patterns of rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the dry throwing kind is that mechanical dry throws kind
Or artificial dry throwing kind, according to the arrangement in sowing time, seed rice is subjected to presoaking and germinating in advance, preceding field is sowed and does not water, seed is straight
It connects and is spread to arable land surface, kind of machine of throwing can be used when mechanical dry throws kind or throw fertilizer machine throwing kind, seed bud length is advisable with half paddy, was not easy
Long, otherwise radical bud damage is heavy；Manually when dry throwing kind, seed bud can be grown a bit, be ok from half paddy to a paddy length, throwing kind
In the process it is noted that moisturizing cooling shield bud.
5. three dry method planting patterns of rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the alternation of wetting and drying are as follows: fill for the first time
Its water depth of water, which is subject to, floods full field, if field is smooth, very little water, and if field high and low fall is big or salinity weight, water
Layer is corresponding to be deepened, and speed of pouring water too fast should not make the poly- heap of seed in order to avoid washing away seed, and it is too many some places rice shoot occur, is had
Local rice shoot situation on the low side；In the emergence stage of entire rice, always using the water layer management mould for filling night row, alternation of wetting and drying day
Formula, until rice generates secondary root and tiller.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL2025527B1 (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2021-03-30 | Univ Yancheng Teachers | Three-in-one desalinating-planting integrated cultivation method for heavy-saline soil of coastal mudflats |
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| CN103621366A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-03-12 | 和县宁聚粮食种植专业合作社 | Novel paddy rice early direct seeding and cultivation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL2025527B1 (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2021-03-30 | Univ Yancheng Teachers | Three-in-one desalinating-planting integrated cultivation method for heavy-saline soil of coastal mudflats |
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Application publication date: 20181221 |