CN107046837A - Coastal strongly salined soil 5N rapidly and efficiently desalination process - Google Patents
Coastal strongly salined soil 5N rapidly and efficiently desalination process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of coastal strongly salined soil 5N rapidly and efficiently desalination process, belong to coastal saline soil improving technology field, the flow of this method is followed successively by " ploughing soaking water rotation salt discharge of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up " five steps, and carry out multicycle circulation, many sub-band water rotary tillages are the important cores of this technology system, it is the important key for realizing quick desalination, advantage for present invention and good effect are：The draining of pouring water of field is easy, operating process is perfect, be easy to implement on the spot, electrical safety is good; salt discharge efficiency high; the level of plant can be cultivated by being conducive to the rapidly and efficiently desalination in coastal geavy salt field to reach, all have economic value and social effect to the research of Coastal beach development and Utilization of Land Resources, grain-production, environmental protection and salt-tolerant plant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solonchak desalting technology, more particularly to a kind of rapidly and efficiently desalination of coastal strongly salined soil is desalted method,
Belong to Coastal beach betterment of land technical field.
Background technology
China coast wetland is vast in territory, land resource very abundant, but have some original Salt production places because
The reason such as close, stop production and change one's profession wastes large stretch of coastal idle land, is that salinity is especially high, hardened spy the characteristics of these saltern
Not Chong, fertility it is especially low, even salt-tolerant plant also be difficult to growth；How these plot are improved, make not giving birth to originally
The good farmland that the geavy salt field of long Grain plants becomes the very heavy rice of per mu yield is the objective of this case, and this is to Coastal beach Land Resources Exploitation profit
All there is economic value and social effect with, grain-production, environmental protection and salt-tolerant plant research；It is existing by filling draining pair
The method that salt pan progress desalination is desalted is more, and conventional is excavated by manual work mouthful and filling row's method of banketing, or fills row's method with mechanical water pump；
Excavated by manual work mouthful is with banketing that filling row's method labor intensity is high, and operation difficulty is big, and inefficiency, the row's of filling effect is poor, easily cause soil property stream
Lose, mechanical water pump fills row's method facility complexity, power consumption is more and cost of investment is larger, cable spreads line and Electric Appliance Cabinet installation difficulty, held
Easily get an electric shock and security is poor；Most importantly existing solonchak desalination is desalted, and method is very simple, and process is not thin, except entering to salt pan
Row soaks and changed outside water, without other method, so desalting effect is not good.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of operating process it is perfect, be easy to specific implementation, salt discharge to desalt efficiency high effect
Good rapidly and efficiently desalination process.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are achieved through the following technical solutions：Coastal strongly salined soil 5N is rapidly and efficiently
Desalination process is characterized in that：Its flow of described method comprises the following steps：
Be provided for pouring water on the solonchak periphery irrigation canals and ditches with draining, lock station, culvert and its auxiliary facility is secure there is provided water source,
Fill row to match, soil is pre- smooth, the smooth precondition in electricity Tong He roads, set drainage system even can reach have with row's river facies
Water is the requirement of row, and next step operation is carried out after the old salt salt water in field region is drained.
N1：Plough, carry out dry ground deep ploughing, for the benefit of mechanized operation is beaten directly the logical field of field, and it is straight line to make its four side
Rectangle field, ploughed by half-turn plow, accomplish that subsoiling is deep ploughed, cover formula along close to supply canal side and plough 2~3
Secondary, ploughing depth is 20~25cm, accomplishes to turn over upturned soil well, connects ridge accurately, four sides and Tian Jiao are ploughed in place, is not balked Lou loose, often
Mu balks area control within 2 square metres, set and ploughs breadth as 4~6 meters, make field formed by the lateral drain-side of water supply≤
1 ° of rake ratio drop, to ensure that field pocket water and will not form arable layer in draining.
N2：Sun the earth which has been ploughed up, carry out dry ground and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, the field after ploughing the optimal suitable cultivated phase is shone in fair weather day
Turn up soil, upturned soil block is not rather dry rotten, is suned the earth which has been ploughed up after ploughing more than three days, make the poly- native table of upturned soil block inner salt diversity, soil is conducive to the sharp desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching simultaneously
Earth is cured.
N3：Immersion, progress Scientific irrigation, fully steeps salt, according to the order of " first near rear remote, first low rear high " i.e. in close confession
The first upper water in mouth of a river side, away from upper water behind the side of feed water inlet, the first upper water of low-lying field, upper water after loud and sonorous field is fully grasped not
Anti- filling, flood irrigation, light irrigation, the technical key point of deep irrigation with the case of：The repetition of " anti-fill " for beginning several times is irrigated, for soil property pine,
Soft, tender the characteristics of, " full ditch full irrigation " is first carried out gutter, then the water from drainage system, to reduce water-head and differential water pressures,
Reduce landslide and piping；" flood irrigation " is to slow down feed rate each water supply initial stage, strengthens inspection, and hidden danger is excluded in time and suffers from work
Dangerous section；" light irrigation " is that operation water layer will be shallower than 10 cm；" deep irrigation " is deep for the fresh water aquifer of bubble salt；In coastal saline soil soil salt
Middle Na and Cl ions account for the 80% of total ion concentration, NaCl solubility in the case of 36g/100g water by water to NaCl's
Dissolubility quickly makes severe solonchak salt content from >=0.4% desalination to less than 0.3%.
N4：Water revolves, and carries out band water rotary tillage, salinity inside soil block is quickly separated out and can be improved fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect, for up to
To the purpose in high-quality rotation field, fresh water is poured into solonchak before and after rotation field, the depth of water is 10cm, and front and rear soak time twice is
3 days or so, salinity is set largely to be dissolved into water；The depth of water with water rotary tillage is 5~10cm, a length of 15cm of rotary knife, in favor of salinity
Fully dissolving, field is revolved by the integrated novel rotary cultivator of positive and reverse return, and to improve desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect, the colter in rotation field complete must have
Effect, revolves more than field depth 14cm, accomplishes that fast-turn construction is careful, be screwed into head and be screwed into side, prevents leakage rotation, and the deep rotation of rotation is saturating, and reed etc. is miscellaneous
Grass blade section and young shoot are fully smashed, to revolve weed eradication；Thin water rotation field is carried out, water depth is 3~5 centimetres, with the same of water rotary tillage
Shi Jinhang band water prepartions of land, beneficial to Rice Cropping and management.
N5：Salt discharge, carries out draining salt discharge, and according to immersion ,-water rotation-order soaked again carries out multiple to the water body in field
Draining and change water, accomplish change the diligent draining of water, change water quality standard and be defined by the salinity that the same day soaks water layer with indifference yesterday.
Above-mentioned N1 to N5 is one and improved the soil duty cycle, to Tanaka's water quality and topsoil soils saliferous before and after each duty cycle
Situation carry out complete detection, with Tanaka's water quality saliferous figureofmerit less than 0.15% and topsoil soils saliferous figureofmerit be less than 0.3%
Standard, is so far a cycle, when Tanaka's water quality salt content more than 0.15% or topsoil soils salt content be higher than 0.2% when, must weight
Multiple above-mentioned steps N1 to N5 enters next improve the soil duty cycle.
High standard will be carried out in each duty cycle of improving the soil to solonchak to level land, first progress dry ground is smooth in N1,
Progress band level is whole in N4 afterwards, and according to the flat operating type of first thick flat rear essence, reaches the standard of " very little water does not reveal mud ", small water
Harrow a field, if high pier is with striking off greatly, cuts height and fill out low-lying area, soil of raking twice or repeatedly is entered after raking using laser planisher
Row essence is flat, the difference of height in solonchak is controlled to be less than flatness in 5cm, cell and is less than 3cm, when substandard section of face
Then do over again again untill up to standard.
Reasonable ridge building, it is smooth every time after will carry out eminence and do the ridge, lower trench digging accomplishes that ridge is fewer and fewer, ridge is got over
Come smaller, in favor of farm work and the bank that prevents from caving in.
Make soil salt content by multiple operating cycles of improving the soil（0~20cm）From more than 0.4% be progressively down to 0.3% with
Under, coastal strongly salined soil salt is rapidly and efficiently separated out and reach and can cultivate the level of plant.
Due to using above-mentioned technical proposal, advantage for present invention and good effect are：Its operation of described method
Flow is comprehensive and perfect, be easy to that specific implementation, desalination speed be fast, salt discharge efficiency high, actual effect are good, is conducive to coastal strongly salined soil
Rapidly and efficiently desalination, to the exploitation of Coastal beach land resource, grain-production, environmental protection and salt-tolerant plant research etc.
All there is certain economic value and social effect.
Embodiment
1. coastal strongly salined soil 5N rapidly and efficiently desalination process, it is characterised in that：Its flow of described method includes following step
Suddenly：
Be provided for pouring water on the solonchak periphery irrigation canals and ditches with draining, lock station, culvert and its auxiliary facility is secure there is provided water source,
Fill row to match, soil is pre- smooth, the smooth precondition in electricity Tong He roads, set drainage system even can reach have with row's river facies
Water is the requirement of row, and next step operation is carried out after the old salt salt water in field region is drained.
N1：Plough, carry out dry ground deep ploughing, for the benefit of mechanized operation is beaten directly the logical field of field, and it is straight line to make its four side
Rectangle field, ploughed by half-turn plow, accomplish that subsoiling is deep ploughed, cover formula along close to supply canal side and plough 2~3
Secondary, ploughing depth is 20~25cm, accomplishes to turn over upturned soil well, connects ridge accurately, four sides and Tian Jiao are ploughed in place, is not balked Lou loose, often
Mu balks area control within 2 square metres, set and ploughs breadth as 4~6 meters, make field formed by the lateral drain-side of water supply≤
1 ° of rake ratio drop, to ensure that field pocket water and will not form arable layer in draining.
N2：Sun the earth which has been ploughed up, carry out dry ground and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, the field after ploughing the optimal suitable cultivated phase is shone in fair weather day
Turn up soil, upturned soil block is not rather dry rotten, is suned the earth which has been ploughed up after ploughing more than three days, make the poly- native table of upturned soil block inner salt diversity, soil is conducive to the sharp desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching simultaneously
Earth is cured.
N3：Immersion, progress Scientific irrigation, fully steeps salt, according to the order of " first near rear remote, first low rear high " i.e. in close confession
The first upper water in mouth of a river side, away from upper water behind the side of feed water inlet, the first upper water of low-lying field, upper water after loud and sonorous field is fully grasped not
Anti- filling, flood irrigation, light irrigation, the technical key point of deep irrigation with the case of：The repetition of " anti-fill " for beginning several times is irrigated, for soil property pine,
Soft, tender the characteristics of, " full ditch full irrigation " is first carried out gutter, then the water from drainage system, to reduce water-head and differential water pressures,
Reduce landslide and piping；" flood irrigation " is to slow down feed rate each water supply initial stage, strengthens inspection, and hidden danger is excluded in time and suffers from work
Dangerous section；" light irrigation " is that operation water layer will be shallower than 10 cm；" deep irrigation " is deep for the fresh water aquifer of bubble salt；In coastal saline soil soil salt
Middle Na and Cl ions account for the 80% of total ion concentration, NaCl solubility in the case of 36g/100g water by water to NaCl's
Dissolubility quickly makes severe solonchak salt content from >=0.4% desalination to less than 0.3%.
N4：Water revolves, and carries out band water rotary tillage, salinity inside soil block is quickly separated out and can be improved fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect, for up to
To the purpose in high-quality rotation field, fresh water is poured into solonchak before and after rotation field, the depth of water is 10cm, and front and rear soak time twice is
3 days or so, salinity is set largely to be dissolved into water；The depth of water with water rotary tillage is 5~10cm, a length of 15cm of rotary knife, in favor of salinity
Fully dissolving, field is revolved by the integrated novel rotary cultivator of positive and reverse return, and to improve desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect, the colter in rotation field complete must have
Effect, revolves more than field depth 14cm, accomplishes that fast-turn construction is careful, be screwed into head and be screwed into side, prevents leakage rotation, and the deep rotation of rotation is saturating, and reed etc. is miscellaneous
Grass blade section and young shoot are fully smashed, to revolve weed eradication；Thin water rotation field is carried out, water depth is 3~5 centimetres, with the same of water rotary tillage
Shi Jinhang band water prepartions of land, beneficial to Rice Cropping and management.
N5：Salt discharge, carries out draining salt discharge, and according to immersion ,-water rotation-order soaked again carries out multiple to the water body in field
Draining and change water, accomplish change the diligent draining of water, change water quality standard and be defined by the salinity that the same day soaks water layer with indifference yesterday；
Improve the soil duty cycle 2. above-mentioned N1 to N5 is one, to Tanaka's water quality and topsoil soils saliferous shape before and after each duty cycle
Condition carry out complete detection, with Tanaka's water quality saliferous figureofmerit less than 0.15% and topsoil soils saliferous figureofmerit less than 0.3% for mark
Standard, is so far a cycle, when Tanaka's water quality salt content more than 0.15% or topsoil soils salt content be higher than 0.2% when, must repeat
Above-mentioned steps N1 to N5 enters next improve the soil duty cycle.
3. will carry out high standard to solonchak in each duty cycle of improving the soil to level land, dry ground is first carried out in N1 puts down
It is whole, after carry out that band level is whole in N4, and according to the flat operating type of essence after first thick flat, reach the standard of " very little water does not reveal mud ",
Small water harrows a field, if high pier is with striking off greatly, cuts height and fills out low-lying area, soil of raking twice or repeatedly, smooth using laser after raking
Machine carries out essence and put down, and the difference of height in solonchak is controlled to be less than flatness in 5cm, cell and is less than 3cm, when substandard
Then do over again again untill up to standard in section face.
4. reasonable ridge building, it is smooth every time after will carry out eminence and do the ridge, lower trench digging accomplishes that ridge is fewer and fewer, ridge
It is less and less, in favor of farm work and the bank that prevents from caving in.
5. make soil salt content by multiple operating cycles of improving the soil（0~20cm）0.3% is progressively down to from more than 0.4%
Hereinafter, make coastal strongly salined soil salt rapidly and efficiently separate out to reach and can cultivate the level of plant.
What 6. deep ploughing was suned the earth which has been ploughed up act as：
(1) soil physical property is improved, deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up and can improve the physical property and soil texture of soil, increases the saturating of soil
Gas, improves its ability of retaining and conserveing soil moisture, and is that development of flue-cured tobacco creates a good condition；According to Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's cigarette
Careless research institute determines, the soil layer do not turned over, soil compaction, and unit weight is 1.36~1.41g/cm3, and porosity is 44~74%；And pass through
The soil layer that deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up is crossed, unit weight reduction, porosity can bring up to 66%, and the increase of porosity can increase the water capacity of soil,
Improve the ability of retaining and conserveing soil moisture of vega.
(2) vegetable soil, builds up fertility, and applies the organic fertilizer such as pigs and cattle excrement by combining at arable land, makes soil and fertilizer
Material fully mutually melts, and can increase the validity of soil nutrient, and by this measure of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up of deep ploughing, obtain the permeability of soil
To improvement, soil temperature rise strengthens the activity of aerobic microorganism, accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, discharges soil more
Available nutrient, so as to promote the organic fertilizer increased to give play to bigger effect.
(3) disease pest and weed is reduced, soil is suned the earth which has been ploughed up by deep ploughing, can be by most germ spore, insect worm on ground
Ovum and weed seed are embedded in deep subsoil, are allowed to lose germinating power or death by suffocation, while again can be by the root of perennial weeds
Shallow soil layer is translated into stem, in the presence of low temperature and sleet, prevents it from sprouting, so as to mitigate disease pest and the danger of weeds significantly
Evil.
(4) growth of root system and aerial part is promoted, after soil is suned the earth which has been ploughed up by deep ploughing, its physicochemical character is improved, because
And the growth of flue-cured tobacco root system can be promoted, increase root system, dense layer is moved down, distributed depth and range increase are flue-cured tobacco overground part
The growth divided creates good condition, so as to play good effect to the yield and quality of tobacco leaf.
7. the Suitable depth of deep ploughing：Deep ploughing than plough shallowly it is good, but deep ploughing be not more deep better, if deep ploughing to arable layer with
Under, the raw-soil of subsoil will be translated into topsoil, and because the permeability of the raw-soil is poor, aerobic microorganism is few, and fertility is low, unfavorable
In the growth of cigarette strain, therefore, deep ploughing should accomplish mellow soil in upper not random soil layer, and deepen arable layer year by year, because cigarette strain is most of
Root Distribution is at the following 10~40cm of table soil, and therefore, the Suitable depth of deep ploughing should be between 25~30cm.
8. the principle and method of deep ploughing are：
(1) the deep ploughing time is preferably early, and the arable land time is early, and Tobacco-rice rotation area should be ploughed in time after late rice is gathered in, typically in October
The last ten-days period to by the end of November it is preceding complete deep ploughing.
(2) arable land is uniform, to accomplish that the depth is consistent at arable land, not balk, do not backset, to promote soil fertility equal
Even, cigarette strain growth is neat.
(3) arable land applying organic manure material is combined, using organic fertilizer such as appropriate pigs and cattle excrement during deep ploughing, clay fertilizer phase can be made
Melt, be conducive to increasing soil fertility, improve soil texture.
(4) field impurity is conscientiously handled, weeds are all turned over and buries or clears out of outside field, the flue-cured tobacco root of net field residual is picked up
Stem, removes and carries out buried outside field or destroy.
(5) mellow soil is in upper not random soil layer, in deep ploughing, it should be noted that giving birth to mellow soil can not obscure, and mellow soil should be accomplished in upper, not unrest
Soil layer, and by deepening tilth year by year, the raw-soil is gradually cured, so as to improve farming layer depth.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of coastal strongly salined soil 5N rapidly and efficiently desalination process, it is characterised in that：Its flow of described method includes following step
Suddenly：
Be provided for pouring water on the solonchak periphery irrigation canals and ditches with draining, lock station, culvert and its auxiliary facility is secure there is provided water source,
Fill row to match, soil is pre- smooth, the smooth precondition in electricity Tong He roads, set drainage system even can reach have with row's river facies
Water is the requirement of row, and next step operation is carried out after the old salt salt water in field region is drained；
N1：Plough, carry out dry ground deep ploughing, for the benefit of mechanized operation is beaten directly the logical field of field, makes the length that its four side is straight line
Square field, is ploughed by half-turn plow, is accomplished that subsoiling is deep ploughed, is ploughed 2~3 times along formula is covered close to supply canal side,
Ploughing depth is 20~25cm, accomplishes to turn over upturned soil well, connects ridge accurately, four sides and Tian Jiao are ploughed in place, is not balked Lou loose, every mu of leakage
Area control is ploughed within 2 square metres, sets and ploughs breadth as 4~6 meters, field is formed≤1 ° by the lateral drain-side that supplies water
Rake ratio drops, to ensure that field pocket water and will not form arable layer in draining；
N2：Sun the earth which has been ploughed up, carry out dry ground and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, the field after ploughing the optimal suitable cultivated phase is suned the earth which has been ploughed up in fair weather day, is turned up soil
Block is not rather dry rotten, is suned the earth which has been ploughed up after ploughing more than three days, makes the poly- native table of upturned soil block inner salt diversity, is conducive to soil ripe simultaneously with the sharp desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching
Change；
N3：Immersion, progress Scientific irrigation, fully steeps salt, according to the order of " first near rear remote, first low rear high " i.e. in close feed water inlet
The first upper water in side, away from upper water behind the side of feed water inlet, the first upper water of low-lying field, upper water after loud and sonorous field is fully grasped and not sympathized with
Anti- filling, flood irrigation, light irrigation, the technical key point of deep irrigation under condition：The repetition of " anti-to fill " for beginning several times is irrigated, loose, soft, tender for soil property
The characteristics of, " full ditch full irrigation " is first carried out gutter, and then the water from drainage system, to reduce water-head and differential water pressures, is reduced
Landslide and piping；" flood irrigation " is to slow down feed rate each water supply initial stage, strengthens inspection, and hidden danger is excluded in time and suffers from work danger
Section；" light irrigation " is that operation water layer will be shallower than 10 cm；" deep irrigation " is deep for the fresh water aquifer of bubble salt；In coastal saline soil soil salt
Na and Cl ions account for the 80% of total ion concentration, NaCl solubility in the case of 36g/100g water by water to the molten of NaCl
Solution property quickly makes severe solonchak salt content from >=0.4% desalination to less than 0.3%；
N4：Water revolves, and carries out band water rotary tillage, salinity inside soil block is quickly separated out and can be improved fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect, to reach height
Quality revolves the purpose in field, fresh water is poured into solonchak before and after rotation field, the depth of water is 10cm, and front and rear soak time twice is 3 days
Left and right, makes salinity largely be dissolved into water；The depth of water with water rotary tillage is 5~10cm, a length of 15cm of rotary knife, so that salinity is abundant
Dissolving, field is revolved by positive and reverse return integration novel rotary cultivator, to improve desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect, and the colter for revolving field must be complete effective, rotation
More than field depth 14cm, accomplishes that fast-turn construction is careful, and is screwed into head and is screwed into side, prevents leakage rotation, and the deep rotation of rotation is saturating, by the weeds stipes such as reed
Fully smashed with young shoot, to revolve weed eradication；Thin water rotation field is carried out, water depth is 3~5 centimetres, carried out while band water rotary tillage
Band water prepartion of land, beneficial to Rice Cropping and management；
N5：Salt discharge, carries out draining salt discharge, and according to immersion ,-water rotation-order soaked again carries out multiple draining to the water body in field
With change water, accomplish change the diligent draining of water, change water quality standard and be defined by the salinity that the same day soaks water layer with indifference yesterday；
Above-mentioned N1 to N5 is one and improved the soil duty cycle, contains salt condition to Tanaka's water quality and topsoil soils before and after each duty cycle
Complete detection is carried out, with Tanaka's water quality saliferous figureofmerit less than 0.15% and topsoil soils saliferous figureofmerit less than 0.3% is standard,
So far be a cycle, when Tanaka's water quality salt content more than 0.15% or topsoil soils salt content be higher than 0.2% when, must repeat it is above-mentioned
Step N1 to N5 enters next improve the soil duty cycle；
Will carry out high standard to solonchak in each duty cycle of improving the soil level land, it is smooth first to carry out dry ground in N1, after
Progress band level is whole in N4, and according to the flat operating type of first thick flat rear essence, reaches the standard of " very little water does not reveal mud ", small water rake
Field, if high pier is with striking off greatly, cuts height and fills out low-lying area, and soil of raking twice or repeatedly is carried out after raking using laser planisher
Essence is flat, the difference of height in solonchak is controlled to be less than flatness in 5cm, cell and is less than 3cm, when substandard section of face then
Again do over again untill up to standard；
Reasonable ridge building, it is smooth every time after will carry out eminence and do the ridge, lower trench digging accomplishes that ridge is fewer and fewer, and ridge is increasingly
It is small, in favor of farm work and the bank that prevents from caving in；
Make soil salt content by multiple operating cycles of improving the soil（0~20cm）Less than 0.3% is progressively down to from more than 0.4%,
Make coastal strongly salined soil salt rapidly and efficiently separate out to reach and can cultivate the level of plant.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109042175A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-21 | 盐城师范学院 | Three dry method planting patterns of strand silt strongly salined soil rice |
| CN110771300A (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2020-02-11 | 盐城师范学院 | Three-in-one seed removal integrated cultivation method for heavy saline soil on coastal mudflat |
| CN111010915A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-17 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Technology for eliminating secondary salinization obstacle of facility greenhouse soil |
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| CN104221522A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-12-24 | 山东无棣金土地开发建设有限公司 | Improvement method for waste salt pan |
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| CN111010915A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-17 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Technology for eliminating secondary salinization obstacle of facility greenhouse soil |
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